Chapter III: Appendix: Weight of Material 179

INDEX 183

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

_PLATES_

I. Derrick staging _Frontispiece_

II. External chimney scaffold _Facing p._ 33

III. Knots 79

IV. Knots 81

V. Knots 85

VI. Knots 87

_ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT_

FIG. PAGE

1. Elevation of staging for derrick crane 4

2. Plan of king leg 6

3. Showing shoring to central standard 6

4. Plan of derrick platform partially covered 7

5. Showing method of fixing ladders 8

6. Showing derrick staging mounted on travelling bogie 10

7. Elevation of square derrick staging 11

8 and 8A. Elevation of gantry for traveller 13

9. Footing blocks for struts 15

10. Elevation of travelling gantry 15

11. Gantry or elevated platform over footpaths 17

12. Example of stagings 18

13. Elevation of pole scaffold 20

14. Method of fixing rising standard 21

15. Method of connecting ledgers 22

16. Method of connecting ledgers 22

17. Method of connecting ledgers 23

18. Method of connecting ledgers 23

19. Method of supporting putlogs where windows occur 24

20. Method of supporting putlogs where windows occur 24

21. Shores and ties for dependent scaffolds 25

22. Methods of laying boards 26

23. Methods of laying boards 26

24. Masons’ scaffold: end elevation 27

25. Landing stages 28

26. Needle scaffold 31

27. Internal chimney 33

28. Method of climbing chimneys, steeples, &c. 35

29. Method of climbing chimneys, steeples, &c. 36

30. Brackets for climbing chimneys, steeples, &c. 37

31. Methods of slinging painters’ boats on chimneys, &c. 38

32. Chimney scaffolds for repairs, &c. 39

33. Details of chimney scaffolds for repairs, &c. 39

34. Details of chimney scaffolds for repairs, &c. 40

35. Details of chimney scaffolds for repairs, &c. 40

36. Details of chimney scaffolds for repairs, &c. 41

37. Method of supporting standards within high towers 41

38. Scaffold designed for repairing roofs or arches
where roadway has to be kept open 42

39. Painters’ boats or cradles 43

40. Method of slinging cradle to move horizontally 44

41. Improved painter’s boat 44

42. Boatswain’s boat 45

43. Elevation of ladder scaffolding 46

44. Details of ladder scaffolding 47

45. Details of ladder scaffolding 47

46. Details of ladder scaffolding 47

47. Examples of flying shores 51

48. Examples of single raking shore 52

49. Examples of system of raking shores 53

50. Details of raking shores 54

51. Details of raking shores 55

52. Details of raking shores 56

53. Example of underpinning 59

54. Example of window strutting 60

55. Example of cup shakes in timber 63

56. Example of radial shakes in timber 63

57. Method of cutting stiffest beam from log 66

58. Method of cutting strongest beam from log 66

59. Method of cutting planks from log 67

60. Method of stacking timber for seasoning 68

61. Examples of weather shakes in balks 68

62. Method of strapping ends of boards 74

63. Details of ladder construction 91

64. Details of ladder construction 91

65. Example of painters’ trestles 92

66. Example of cripples 93

67. Example of cripples 93

68. Example of tipping pail 94

69. Details of improved safety baskets 95

70. Details of improved safety baskets 95

71. Details of improved safety baskets 96

72. Details of improved safety baskets 96

73. Details of improved safety baskets 96

74. Example of navvy’s barrow 98

75. Example of stone bogie 98

76. Example of hand barrows 98

77. Example of labourer’s hod 98

78. Example of timber trucks 98

79. Example of sack trucks 98

80. Example of brick crates 99

81. Example of ashlar shears 100

82. Example of ashlar shears 100

83. Example of stone clips 101

84. Method of slinging stone 101

85. Method of slinging stone 101

86. Method of hoisting by means of the lewis 102

87. Method of hoisting by means of the lewis 102

88. Method of hoisting by means of the lewis 102

89. Method of hoisting by means of the lewis 102

90. Example of the stone cramp 103

91. Wire rope lashing 104

92. Chain and bracket lashing 105

93. Coupling links 105

94. Rollers 106

95. Levers 106

96. Dog irons 107

97. Methods of fixing dog irons 107

98. Methods of fixing dog irons 107

99. Methods of fixing dog irons 107

100. Iron bolts 108

101. Iron straps 109

102. Slaters’ truss 112

103. Duck runs 112

104. Scaffolder’s hatchet 113

105. Manual building crane 117

106. Example of pulley wheel 118

107. Example of groove for pulley wheel 119

108. Example of groove for pulley wheel 119

109. Example of groove for pulley wheel 119

110. Example of groove for pulley wheel 119

111. Example of groove for pulley wheel 119

112. Example of sprocket wheel 119

113. Example of single movable pulley 120

114. Example of blocks and tackle 120

115 and 116. Example of differential pulley 122

117. The winch 124

118. The winch in use with a double rope 125

119. Example of a jib 125

120. Example of a jib for fixing purposes 126

121. Example of a mason’s jib 127

122. Example of shear legs 127

123. Example of shear legs to carry jib 128

124. Example of movable shear legs 128

125. Example of a gin 129

126. Method of slinging girders 129

127. Diagram showing method of finding the centre of
gravity of a rectangular body 136

128. Diagram showing method of finding the centre of
gravity between two combined weights 137

129. Diagram showing method of finding the centre of
gravity between three or more combined bodies 138

130. Method of finding the centre of gravity of a
rectangular surface 139

131. Method of finding the centre of gravity of a
triangular surface 141

132. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 147

133. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 147

134. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 148

135. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 148

136. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 148

137. Diagram showing the method of calculating the
breaking weights of beams 148

138. Diagram suggestion for preventing accidents
on short ladders 154

139. Method of staying ladder to prevent sagging 155

140. Method of staying ladder to prevent sagging 155

141. Illustrating dangerously laid boards 156

142. Illustrating the danger of a trap 156

143. Illustrating method of supporting centering 157

144. Illustrating method of supporting centering 158

145. Fan guards 158

146. Illustrating cause of fatal accident 159

SCAFFOLDING