Chapter IV

The Queen's Visit to Kensington--Garden Party at Buckingham
Palace--Review at Aldershot--Gift of a Battleship--The Prince of
Wales's Hospital Fund--The Jubilee Medals--Conclusion.

On the Monday after the Review the Queen returned from Windsor to the Metropolis. She was received everywhere with enthusiastic greetings of loyalty and affection. It was no mere conventional reception this. The Nation had realised lately, as never before, the part their Queen had played in the building of the Empire, and one and all flocked out to do her honour. Her Majesty had returned to London to attend the garden party which was to be held in the grounds of Buckingham Palace in the afternoon. On her way from Paddington Station she visited Kensington, the place of her birth.

[Sidenote: The Queen's Visit to Kensington.]

In front of St. Mary Abbott's Church, Kensington High Street, the Queen stopped and received a splendid bouquet of roses at the hands of the Princess Louise. Then the Marquis of Lorne presented the Chairman of the Vestry, who handed Her Majesty a loyal address, in which Kensington recalled with pride its long and many Royal associations. The Queen's reply was characteristic and particularly interesting in view of recent events:--

"I thank you for your loyal and kind address. It gives me great pleasure to receive the assurance of devotion and goodwill from the inhabitants of Kensington, and I gladly renew my associations with a place which, as the scene of my birth and of my summons to the throne, has ever had, and will ever have, with me solemn and tender recollections." The Queen then drove on to the Palace, 10,000 school children singing the National Anthem as she passed through Kensington Gardens.

HER MAJESTY'S GARDEN PARTY: INDIAN VISITORS.]

[Sidenote: Garden Party at Buckingham Palace.]

The subsequent garden party in the gardens of Buckingham Palace was one of the most brilliant functions on record. The weather was beautifully fine, and there was a unique attendance of Royal and other guests; the Colonial Premiers were present, and the whole of the special envoys of Foreign Powers and other distinguished Jubilee guests. The grounds were opened at four o'clock, and in a very short time the dresses of the ladies and the brilliant uniforms of men transformed them into a moving blaze of colour. Her Majesty's guests amused themselves in a variety of ways--a favourite form of diversion being a row on the Palace lake, on which were a large number of boats in charge of picturesquely-attired Queen's watermen.

When Her Majesty had traversed the lawn, and Lord Lathom had pointed many of the people out to her, she moved to the entrance of her own tent, and sat sipping tea and eating strawberries, with a white apron--the strings of which passed over her shoulders--spread on her lap in the homeliest fashion.

_A. Fairfax Muckley._} {_From a Photo by W. & D. Downey._

HER MAJESTY'S GARDEN PARTY: THE SECRETARY FOR THE COLONIES AND THE CANADIAN PREMIER.]

[Sidenote: Review at Aldershot.]

The Naval Review had been an exhibition of our first line of defence, and though there was nothing in the nature of boastfulness or arrogance about it, it was such a demonstration as could have been made by no other Power--perhaps, by no two Foreign Powers in combination. The Military Review at Aldershot on July 1 was, of course, a much more modest affair, but the quality of the troops employed imparted a distinction to the function which went far to compensate for their smallness in numbers. Judged by Continental standards our Army is insignificant in size, but it must always command respect. Its traditions are splendid, and its recent achievements completely satisfactory. Some of the foreign Princes who were present with the Queen at Aldershot on July 1 had seen ten times as many soldiers in review, but it is safe to say that not one of them had ever seen a finer body, man for man, than the 28,000 British troops gathered together on Laffan's Plain. The presence among these of detachments from so many British Colonies added a significance to the proceedings that could not have been paralleled at a Military Review anywhere else in the World.

About a quarter-past four o'clock the Queen drove up in a carriage. The troops were arranged in the shape of three sides of a great rectangle, Her Majesty occupying the centre of the vacant side. A Royal Salute was given, and then commenced the march past. The honour of marching in the van had been assigned very properly to the Colonial troops, consisting of 434 cavalry, 184 artillery and engineers, and 423 infantry.

HER MAJESTY PLANTING A TREE IN THE GROUNDS OF BUCKINGHAM PALACE AS A MEMORIAL OF THE JUBILEE, June 28, 1897.]

The troops which followed represented almost every branch of the regular army and made a splendid show. But here, as in the Jubilee Procession itself, the Colonial contingent attracted the greatest share of attention. To see gallant horsemen and steady marching infantry in picturesque unfamiliar uniforms from every Continent all following the same flag and serving the same Queen was to receive a new and inspiring impression of the Empire. The red spaces on the map of the earth's surface we had known from childhood's day to represent portions of our own Empire--but the impression was a vague one until we saw Canadian, Australian, and South African, actually under arms in defence of their and our Queen, as much as of their own distant homes. It was then brought home to us, with startling effect, how great is the birthright of every Briton, how great the privileges attaching to such citizenship--and how great the responsibilities. These men came to us, not in gratitude for any priceless advantages we have bestowed upon them--for we have done nothing of the kind--but simply because their blood is the same as ours, their traditions the same, and their sympathies. We are still well able to take care of ourselves; but who shall say that the Old Country may not one day need the strong, right arms of her children across the seas?

HER MAJESTY'S WATERMEN.]

That our Colonial troops are not merely ornamental soldiers their shooting at Bisley, at the meeting which ended on July 10, amply proved, if their splendid horsemanship and marching had not proved it before. Though for the most part entirely unused to the new Lee-Metford rifle, they secured the Kolapore Cup, and, in a year which produced record scores, held their own against the picked marksmen of our Regulars and Volunteer Army.

The Review was brought to an end with the defiling past of the infantry. A splendid effect was produced when the infantry gave the Royal salute, and then burst with one accord into shouts of cheering--bonnets and busbies being thrown up into the air or waved frantically on bayonet points. The Queen returned to Windsor the same evening, and the Jubilee celebrations proper were over.

THE ALDERSHOT REVIEW: MARCH PAST OF THE COLONIAL TROOPS.]

[Sidenote: Gift of a Battleship.]

On Saturday, July 10, a dinner was given at the St. George's Club, Hanover Square, in honour of the Colonial Premiers, five of whom were present. A distinguished company assembled; but the occasion would not have merited mention in a history of the Queen's reign, had it not been for a speech made by the Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, First Lord of the Admiralty. In language, the very simplicity of which riveted attention from the first--coming as it did from the most eloquent member of Lord Salisbury's Cabinet--Mr. Goschen announced that he had that day received a battleship from Sir J. Gordon Sprigg, representing the Government of Cape Colony! His actual words were:--

"To-day I have had an interesting scene, a simple scene, but one which will come home to all of you. I received the present of an ironclad at the hands of a British Colony. (Loud cheers.) There was no ceremonial, there was no great reception, there was no blare of trumpets; but Sir Gordon Sprigg simply came to the First Lord of the Admiralty and told him that the Cape Colony was prepared to place an ironclad of the first-class at the disposal of the Empire. (Cheers.) I thank him on behalf of the English nation, I thank him on behalf of the Government, and I thank him also on behalf of the Empire at large, of which the Cape Colony is so distinguished a part. That offer of a first-class battleship is accompanied by no conditions; but it is proposed that that ship shall take its place side by side with those sister ships, paid for by the British taxpayer, which many of you have seen at Spithead. (Hear, hear.) No conditions attach to it; it is a free gift intended to add to the power of the British Empire." (Cheers.)

This statement evoked expressions of great enthusiasm from the gentlemen who dined at the St. George's Club that night; the next morning it thrilled the entire nation. The zenith of the Jubilee celebrations of 1897 was reached; a self-governing Colony had come forward and presented to the Crown the most magnificent gift of which history has any record! Jewels and gold and the richest products of Oriental looms have been showered on our Empress-Queen until her palaces have become museums of priceless offerings; but that of the Government and people of Cape Colony outvalued these as much as they outvalue the treasures of ordinary men. Not so much the gift itself, however, but the spirit of the givers touched the heart of the British people. Not in their most visionary dreams had Imperialists contemplated such a consummation as this. Sentiment, so often and so thoughtlessly derided, had triumphed over the cold calculations of the "practical" politician, and the foundation-stone of a united Anglo-Saxon Empire had been laid.

A. Prince of Wales.
B. Duke of Coburg.
C. Duke of Connaught.
D. Princess of Wales.
E. Duke of Cambridge.

_S. Begg._} {_By permission of the proprietors of the "Illustrated London News."_

PRESENTATION OF JUBILEE MEDALS BY H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES TO THE COLONIAL TROOPS IN THE GROUNDS OF BUCKINGHAM PALACE, July 3; THE NEW SOUTH WALES LANCERS FILING PAST THE ROYAL PARTY.]

[Sidenote: The Prince of Wales's Hospital Fund.]

There are a few other features of the Jubilee celebrations which demand notice before this narrative is brought to a close. Chief among these is the Prince of Wales's scheme for establishing the London hospitals on a firm financial basis--the greatest charitable project in a year made memorable by many such undertakings. So far back as February 6, when a thousand Jubilee plans were being discussed, a statement of the Prince's own wishes in the matter had appeared in the newspapers. His Royal Highness began by saying that the Queen herself had no wish to express an opinion as to the form any celebrations might take. In the absence of any declaration on the part of Her Majesty, His Royal Highness felt at liberty to lay before the inhabitants of London a scheme very dear to his heart. Briefly explained, they were that such a sum of money should be secured, in the form preferably of annual donations, as should suffice to free the London hospitals of debt for ever. An additional annual income of from £100,000 to £150,000 was necessary.

At the time of sending these pages to press, it is not known how far His Royal Highness's wishes have been realised; but it is stated that a sufficient amount has been collected to relieve the hospitals permanently of some of their more pressing needs. A device, characteristic of the age, was resorted to to swell the proceeds of the fund. Two Hospital Stamps were issued under authority, and sold at 2_s._ 6_d._ and 1_s._ each, the more expensive one being of a red colour and the less expensive blue. An artistic group representing Charity, after Sir Joshua Reynolds, occupies the centre of each stamp. The legend "1837: The Queen's Commemoration, 1897" runs along the top, and at the bottom appear the words, "Prince of Wales's Hospital Fund, Albert Edward, Prince," the signature being a facsimile of His Royal Highness's handwriting. The sale of these must have been prodigious, but until the Hospital Fund's accounts are made up it will be impossible to judge how far philatelists all over the world availed themselves of the opportunity to add these unique specimens to their collections. The dies from which the Hospital Stamps were printed were subsequently destroyed in the presence of the Duke of York at the Bank of England. Another happy idea was the publication of an official programme, authorised by the Prince of Wales, of the Jubilee Procession. The programme, which was sold at a shilling a copy, was admirably illustrated. The entire profits were devoted to the Hospital Fund.

DEFENDERS OF THE EMPIRE.

The following forces are represented by the above group: Borneo Dyak Police, Sierra Leone Force, Victoria Mounted Rifles, Hausas (Sergeant of).]

THE RIGHT HON. SIR JOHN FORREST,

PREMIER OF WEST AUSTRALIA.

Born near Bunbury, W.A., 1847, educated at Perth, entered Survey Department 1865, and has commanded several expeditions into the interior besides surveying much of the Colony. Commissioner of Crown Lands, Surveyor-General and Member of Executive and Legislative Councils 1883-1890, Premier and Treasurer of the first Ministry under responsible government 1890.]

THE RIGHT HON. SIR EDWARD BRADDON,

PREMIER OF TASMANIA,

Is a Cornishman. Born in 1829, and educated at University College. In his eighteenth year he went to Calcutta and made himself famous as a tiger-hunter. In the Mutiny he served with a regiment he had himself raised, and was mentioned in despatches. He held many offices in India, and in 1878 retired on a pension and went to Tasmania, where, twelve months later, he entered the Colonial House of Assembly. He was Leader of the Opposition in 1886-87, and Minister of Lands, Works, and Education, 1887-88. He was for six years Agent-General for Tasmania, and in 1894 became Premier of that Colony. Miss M. E. Braddon, the novelist, is his sister.]

[Sidenote: The Jubilee Medals.]

The commemoration medals struck to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee were eagerly bought up by all classes of Her Majesty's subjects. They were, perhaps, the most artistic things ever issued from the Royal Mint, though the small size of some of them interfered sadly with the effect of the design. The prices were as follows:--Large gold, £13; small gold, £2; large silver, 10_s._; small silver, 1_s._; and large bronze, 4_s._ It was a happy idea to give on the reverse of the medals the Queen's head, by W. Wyon, as it appeared on the coinage for 1837 to 1887. The choice of the motto--"Longitudo dierum in dextera ejus et in sinistra gloria"--could not have been bettered if the whole of literature had been searched through. The head, by Brock, on the obverse, first used in 1892, is undoubtedly the most satisfactory likeness of the Queen that has appeared on the coinage. In the gold medals the metal was unpolished, and the large silver ones were covered with a thin coating of platinum, the burnished appearance of newly-stamped coinage being thus avoided, much to the advantage of the design. In both cases the metal was of the purest quality, and it is interesting to note that there was actually £12 15_s._ worth of gold in the £13 medal.

Innumerable publications relating to the Jubilee were issued from the Press. The _Illustrated London News_' special number was a triumph of colour-printing; the "Golden Number" of the London _Daily Mail_ was, as its name indicates, printed entirely in gold, and found a ready sale at 6_d._ a copy.

HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN IN THE DRESS WORN BY HER IN THE DIAMOND JUBILEE PROCESSION.]

THE THRONE ROOM, BUCKINGHAM PALACE.]

THE WHITE DRAWING ROOM, BUCKINGHAM PALACE.]

Reviewing the Jubilee celebrations as a whole it is impossible not to be struck by the leading characteristic of them all--their complete success. The Sovereign Lady in whose honour everything was done, was delighted with all; her subjects throughout the Empire enjoyed themselves hugely; not a single accident dimmed the happiness of Jubilee Day in London; the Procession was the most splendid ever witnessed; the Review at Spithead transcended in magnificence anything of the kind recorded in the annals of our navy; and the Review at Aldershot was a triumph for our brave little army. Almost as remarkable was the exaltation of national sentiment manifested at this time. It seemed as if we had suddenly discovered that we belonged to a very great Empire, and were overjoyed at the thought of it. When we saw the Colonial Premiers and the Colonial soldiers, we realized for the first time that we were co-heirs with them to a hundred Empires, and our imaginations were kindled. Our political views widened out to the furthest horizon and we were Conservatives and Liberals no longer, but Imperialists. We wanted but a sign from the Colonies themselves to declare ourselves Imperialists for ever, and we received a hundred signs. The offer of a battleship from the Cape Colony was the greatest of these signs, but it was only one of many. The Colonial Prime Ministers came to us bearing messages of affection from the great new Britains they represented, and in one or two instances their proposals shadowed forth measures of great advantage to us and to them. Canada, in particular, offered a considerable reduction of the tariff in return for the reception of Canadian goods on terms which have hitherto been rendered impossible by the existence of commercial treaties between this country and Germany and Belgium. She asked, in fact, for liberty to trade with this country on terms specially advantageous to both ourselves and Canada; and in promptly giving notice to terminate the treaties referred to, Lord Salisbury's Government accorded to Canada the honour of taking the first practical step towards solving the fiscal difficulties which stand in the way of Imperial federation. The exhortation of the great bard who represents so strongly the spirit of the Victorian age seemed now for the first time to have come right home to the heart of the nation:

"Sons, be welded each and all,
Into one imperial whole;
One with Britain, heart and soul!
One Life, one Flag, one Fleet, one Throne."

THE RIGHT HON. H. ESCOMBE, Q.C.,

Premier of Natal.

Born in London in 1838 and educated at St. Paul's School. He went to Natal in 1859, and entered the Colonial Parliament in 1872; nominated to Executive Council, 1880. Attorney-General, 1893. Prime Minister, Attorney-General, and Minister of Education, 1897.]

A BLACK V.C.

Sergeant W. J. Gordon, 1st West India Regiment, obtained the Victoria Cross for interposing his body and receiving a bullet intended for his superior officer.]

It is well that this first great reunion of the Anglo-Saxon race should have taken place on the occasion of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Commemoration. Let us hope that she may live to see another and even greater Jubilee, another gathering together of the scattered members of her Empire!

GOD SAVE THE QUEEN.

THE JUBILEE HYMN.

APPOINTED TO BE USED IN ALL CHURCHES AND CHAPELS

_ON SUNDAY JUNE 20, 1897._

_Written by the late Bishop of Wakefield._

_Set to Music by Sir Arthur Sullivan. (Facsimile of the Original MS._)

King of kings, Whose reign of old
Hath been from everlasting,
Before Whose throne their crowns of gold
The white-rob'd saints are casting;
While all the shining courts on high
With Angel songs are ringing,
Oh let Thy children venture nigh,
Their lowly homage bringing.

2 For every heart, made glad by Thee,
With thankful praise is swelling;
And every tongue, with joy set free,
Its happy theme is telling.
Thou hast been mindful of Thine own,
And lo! we come confessing--
'Tis Thou hast dower'd our queenly throne
With sixty years of blessing.

3 Oh Royal heart, with wide embrace
For all her children yearning!
Oh happy realm, such mother-grace
With loyal love returning!
Where England's flag flies wide unfurl'd,
All tyrant wrongs repelling;
God make the world a better world
For man's brief earthly dwelling!

4 Lead on, O Lord, Thy people still,
New grace and wisdom giving,
To larger love, and purer will,
And nobler heights of living.
And, while of all Thy love below
They chant the gracious story,
Oh teach them first Thy Christ to know,
And magnify His glory. _Amen._

_The Portraits of Author and Composer are from Photographs by Window and Grove, London, and Kilpatrick, Belfast._]

INDEX

_The asterisk (*) indicates an illustration or a footnote to an illustration._

Aberdeen, Lord, *39, 74, *78, 79.

Abyssinia, War with, 133.

Adelaide, *128.

Adelaide, Queen, *30.

Aden, *20.

Adullam, Cave of, 128.

Afghanistan, affairs of, 31, *98, 147, 154-6, 167.

Africa, British, 71, *133, *134, 156.

Agra, Taj Mahal, *105;
mutiny at, *98.

Akbar Khan, 32.

Alabama Claims, 120.

Albany, Duke of. _See_ Leopold, Prince.

Albert, Prince, portraits of, *26, *37, *40, *49, *61, *79, *107,
*120;
betrothal, 26;
character, 26, 120;
landing of, *27;
marriage, *28;
grant to, 27;
prejudice against, 27;
opposition to duelling, 27;
his industry, 55;
projects the Great Exhibition, 55, *60;
on Russo-Turkish War, 76;
efforts for national defence, 78;
official title, 95;
at Aldershot, *116;
in the Highlands, *117;
death, 119;
memorial, *121.

Albert Memorial, *121;
Hall, *121;
Chapel, *178.

Alexandria, bombardment of, 159.

Alfred, Prince, *49, *107, *175;
marriage, *142.

Alice, Princess, *49, *107, *124;
marriage, *122.

Aliwal, Battle of, 44.

Allegiance, Act of, 6.

Alma, Battle of, 81, 82.

America. _See_ Canada, United States.

Anæsthetics, introduction of, 54.

Anti-Corn Law League, 35.

Arabi Pasha, 158, 160.

Architecture, Victorian, 188.

Arms, Small, *94, *95, *96.

Army, purchase, 136;
uniforms of, *76, *77.

Arnold, Dr., *92.

Arthur, Prince, portraits, *107, *124, *175;
presentation to, by his god-father, *59;
marriage, *151;
at Tel-el-Kebir, *160.

Ashanti War, 140, *141.

Ashley, Lord. _See_ Shaftesbury, Earl of.

Atlantic Cable, *38, 130.

Atrocities, Turkish, in Bulgaria, 144;
in Armenia, 180, *182.

Auckland, Lord, *32.

Australia, 70, *119, *125, *126, *128.

Awkward Situation, an, *39.

Balaklava, Battle of, 83, *84, *85.

Balfour, Rt. Hon. A. J., 157.

Ballot Bill, the, 17, 137;
effect of, 140.

Balmoral, *73, *108.

Bank Charter Act, suspension of, 108, 130.

Barings, failure of, 177.

Beaconsfield, Earl of. _See_ Disraeli.

Beales, Mr., 129.

Beatrice, Princess (Princess Henry of Battenberg), *124, *139, *175;
marriage, *168.

Bedchamber Question, 22.

Belgians, King of, *25, *107.

Belle Alliance, La, *10.

Benares, *102.

Bentinck, Lord G., *48.

Berlin Congress and Treaty, 146.

Bessemer, Sir H., *165.

Bicycle, early, *184.

Bogue Forts, bombardment of, 29.

Bombay, views in, *101.

Bottle-holder, the Judicious, *64, 65.

Bowl, silver gilt, used at christening of Prince of Wales, *36.

Bowring, Sir J., 92.

_Boxer_, H.M.S., *65.

Boycotting, 157.

Bread, scarcity of, 19.

Bright, John, *35, 110, *112;
included in Cabinet, 134.

Brisbane, *126.

Britannia Bridge, *170.

_Britannia_, H.M.S., *64.

_Britannia_ Yacht, *184.

Brougham, Lord, *17;
attacks Melbourne's Government, *14;
motion on the Corn Duties, 21.

Browning, Robert, *111.

Brunel, I. K., *38, *186.

Brydon, Dr., *33, 105.

Buckingham Palace, *63;
State Dining-Room, *182.

Burnes, Capt., at Cabul, 31.

Butt, Mr., 154.

Cabul, *32;
Burnes at, 31;
retreat from, 33;
massacre at, 147;
evacuation of, 154-6.

Calcutta, Government House, *100.

_Caledonia_ Steamship, *21.

Cambridge, Duke of, *36, *107;
Duchess of, *36, *107.

Canada, Constitution of, 14;
rebellion in, 15;
attempted invasions of, 15, 132;
growth of, 72;
views in, and statistics, *114, *115, *116.

Candahar, march to, *155;
victory at, *156.

Canning, Viscount, *99.

Cape Colony, 71, *133, *134.

Cardwell, Rt. Hon. E., *112, 136.

Carlyle, Thomas, *58.

Carnarvon, Lord, 141, 145.

Cartridges, greased, in the Indian Mutiny, 97.

Cavendish, Lord Frederick, 161, 162, 173.

Cawnpore, mutiny at, 101-103;
views in, *102.

Ceylon, *109.

Chalmers, Dr. Thos., *42.

Channel Tunnel, 185.

Charge of the Heavy Brigade, *84;
of the Light Brigade, *85.

Charter, the people's, 20.

Chartist movement, 19, 50.

Chelmsford, Lord, 149.

Chilianwalla, Battle of, *46.

China, Wars with, 28, *29, *92, 113-116.

Chinese Jugglers, *29.

Chloroform, introduction of, 54.

Church of England, religious movements in, 41.

Church of Scotland, secession from, 42.

Churchill, Lord Randolph, 157, 168, 171.

Chusan, capture of, 29.

Civis Romanus Sum, 54.

Clarence, Duke of, *175;
death of, 177, *178.

Closure, the, 158, 172, 178.

Clyde, Lord (Sir Colin Campbell), *103, 104, 105.

Coach, State, *14.

Coaches, Mail, 24.

Coalition Government, 87.

Coats's, J. and P., carding room, *152.

Cobden, Richard, *35, *36, 94, *112.

Coins, *169.

Colonial Troops, *130.

Colonies, the, expansion of, 70;
views in. _See_ Canada, Australia, &c.

Commerce, British, growth of, *38, *52.

Commons, House of, in Committee, *53;
new building, *66;
pictures of, *112, *179.

Connaught, Duke of. _See_ Arthur, Prince.

Conservatives, origin of name, 12.

Conyngham, Marquis of, *18.

Coomassie, *141.

Cordite, manufacture of, *95.

Cormack, Widow, her cabbage garden, 49.

Corn Laws, 21, 35.

Coronation, the, 10, *11.

Corrupt Practices Act, 164.

Cotton Imports, *152.

Council, the Queen's first, *5.

County Councils Bill, 177.

Crete, insurrection in, 182.

Cricket, *136, *137.

Crimean War, 77, 79-91.

Critics, *139.

Cruisers, armed, *62.

Crystal Palace, the, 56.

Cunard fleet, *39.

Cyclist corps, *97.

Cyprus occupied, 146.

Czar of Russia (Nicholas I.), 73-76, 87;
(Nicholas II.), *181, *191;
marriage of, *190.

Dalhousie, Lord, his policy, 96, 98, 99, 101.

Dardanelles, fleet ordered to, 145.

Darwin, Charles, *143.

Delhi, mutiny at, 99;
siege of, 103;
Cashmere gate of, *103.

Denison, Speaker, 19.

Denmark, popular feeling regarding, 122, 125;
War with Prussia and Austria, 124.

Derby, 14th Earl, *68;
forms a Ministry, 67;
second Administration, 109;
Reform Bill, 110, 130;
last Administration, 128;
"leap in the dark," 130;
retires, 134;
death, 135.

Derby, 15th Earl, secedes from Beaconsfield's Cabinet, 145;
joins Liberal Party, 146.

Devonshire, Duke of, 180. _See also_ Hartington, Marquis of.

Dickens, Charles, *46.

Disraeli, Benjamin, portraits, *48, *68, *112, *139, *146;
statue, *158;
maiden speech of, 13;
speaks on Corn Laws, 39;
Chancellor of Exchequer, 67, 69;
on the Chinese War, 94;
on Conspiracy to Murder Bill, 109;
on Palmerston's Domestic Policy, 109;
Reform Bill, 110, 130;
educates his party, 131;
attacks Gladstone's Government, 139;
declines office, 139;
third Administration, 141;
purchases Suez Canal shares, 143;
refuses to coerce Turkey, 144;
accepts the Earldom of Beaconsfield, 145;
at Berlin Congress, 146;
appeals to the country, 152;
death of, 158.

Diving Helmet, *47.

Dost Mohamed Khan, 31.

Dublin, *148.

Durban, *134.

Durham, Earl of, 16.

Dynamite Conspiracy, 163.

Dynamos, *188.

Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, 58.

Edinburgh, *148;
Duke of. _See_ Alfred, Prince.

Education, National, 136, 188;
free, 177.

Egypt, proposed annexation of, 74;
condition of, 150, 160;
Arabi's revolt, 158;
British occupation, 160;
War medals, *162;
annihilation of Col. Hicks' army, 164.

Elections, General, 13.

Electric Telegraph, 9.

Electricity, 186, *188.

Elephants of the Viceroy, *100.

Elgin, Lord, 113, 116.

Ellenborough, Lord, *17, *33, 34.

Elswick Works, *74, *78.

Emerald Lake, Canada, *115.

Empire, the British, map of, *71.

Employers' Liability Bill, 178.

Engines, locomotive, *9;
marine, *164.

Exhibition, the Great, *55, *60, 62.

Exports from United Kingdom, 52.

Faraday, Michael, *188.

Fashions, *52, *136, *137.

Fenians, 131, 132, 135, 153.

Ferozeshah, Battle of, 44.

Fiji annexed, 71, 142.

"Floreat Etona," 157.

Forster, Rt. Hon. W. E., 136, 158, 163.

Forth Bridge, *170.

Fourth Party, the, 157.

France, revolutions in, 51, 66;
threatened rupture with, 53, 66, 111.

Franchise. _See_ Reform Bill.

Franco-German War, 138.

Franklin, Sir John, *46.

Free Trade, 35.

Geneva Arbitration Award, 121.

Germany, unfriendly action of, 183.

Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E., portrait, *139;
speech on Canadian Constitutions Bills, 16;
enters Peel's Cabinet, 39;
on Maynooth Grants, 40;
attacks Disraeli's Budget, 69;
War Budget, 79;
sympathy with Italy, 110;
on Paper Duty, 111;
unseated for Oxford, 125;
"unmuzzled," 126;
Leader of House, 127;
Franchise Bill, 127;
first Administration, 134-139;
defeat, 139;
resumes office, 139;
appeals to country, 140;
retires, 141;
first Midlothian campaign, 152;
second ditto, 153;
second Administration, 153;
defeat, 168;
third Midlothian campaign, 169;
third Administration, 169;
accepts Home Rule, 169, 170;
appoints Parnell Commission, 174;
fourth Midlothian campaign, 177;
second Home Rule Bill, 178, *179, 190;
retirement, 179;
on Armenia, 181, 182.

Goojerat, Battle of, 46.

Gordon, General, 164.

Gough, Sir Hugh (Lord), *45;
in China, 29;
in India, 45.

Goulbourne, Mr., *48.

Grant, Sir Hope, *104, 105, 114.

Granville, Lord, 139, 153.

_Great Eastern_ Steamship, *38, 130.

Greece, difficulty with, 53;
War with Turkey, 182.

Greville, Chas., 5, *7;
quotations from, 4, 8, 17, 21, 25, 54.

Grey, Sir George, *112.

Gun-cotton factory, *94, *95.

Guns, heavy, *74, *75, *78;
machine, *95.

Hanover, King of, 4, *5, 6;
severance of Crown of from that of Great Britain, 6.

Harcourt, Sir W., Home Secretary, 163;
Leader of House, 179;
defeat at Derby, 180.

Hardinge, Viscount, *44, 45.

Hartington, Marquis of, 110, 153. _See also_ Devonshire, Duke of.

Havelock, Sir Henry, 102, 103, *104, *105.

Haynau, General, mobbed, 68.

Head, Sir F., 16.

Helena, Princess, *49, *107, *124, *127;
marriage, *129.

Henry, Prince, of Battenberg, marriage, *168;
death, *178.

Herschel, Sir John F. W., *91.

Hill, Lord, *10, *25.

Hill, Sir Rowland, *23.

Hobart Town, *131.

Holy Land, Turkish position in, 75.

Home Rule movement, 153, 169, 177, 178.

Hongkong, *113.

Hyde Park, riot in, 129.

Hyderabad, attack on, 44.

Imperial Institute, 173, *174.

Imports of United Kingdom, 52.

India, affairs of, 43;
expansion of British dominion in, 71;
Mutiny, 95-106;
government passes to Crown, 106;
population, *100, 144;
views in, *100-*103;
Queen proclaimed Empress, 144, *145.

Indian Cavalry, Types of, *99.

Influenza, 177.

Inkermann, Battle of, 85, *86.

Ireland, Famine in, 36, 47, 131;
Queen's visit to, 52;
discontent in, 131;
crime in, 158, 162.
_See also under_ Home Rule.

Irish Church, disestablishment of, 134, 135.

Irish Land League, 157.

Irish Land Legislation, 135, 158.

Irish Members, imprisonment of, 161.

Irish Party, split in, 176.

Irish University Bill, 139.

Ironclads. _See_ Navy.

Irving, Sir Henry, *146.

Isandhlana, 149.

Jameson, Dr., 182, *183.

Jellalabad, Brydon's arrival at, *33.

"Jingo," origin of the term, 146.

Jowett, Benjamin, *152.

Jubilee procession, *172;
service, *173.

Junks, engagements with, *29, *92.

_Jupiter_, H.M.S., *64.

Justice, Royal Courts of, *147.

Kandy Lake, Ceylon, *109.

Kassassin, Battle of, *159.

Keble, Rev. J., *42.

Kensington Palace, 3, *5, *6.

Kent, Duchess of, *4, 12, *30, *37, *107, *118;
Duke of, 4, 6, *118.

Khartoum, siege of, 164;
expedition to relieve, *166.

Kimberley diamond mine, *134.

Knollys, General, *116.

Kooshab, Battle of, *98.

Laing's Nek, 156, *157.

Landseer, Sir E., *135.

Lantern, Dioptric, *51.

Launceston, Tasmania, *131.

Launch of a Liner, *165.

Leighton, Lord, *176.

Leopold, Prince, Duke of Albany, *107;
marriage, *163, *175.

Lewis, Sir G. Cornewall, *112.

Liberals, first mention of, 31.

Lifeboats, *54, *55.

Lighthouses, *50, *51.

Lightship, the Spurn, *50.

Lincoln, Abraham, 117, 118, 119.

Lincoln, Lord, *48.

Lister, Sir J., *191.

Literature, Victorian, 189.

Livingstone, David, *135.

Locomotion, modern, 8, 184, *185.

Lords, the House of, disagreement with Commons on Paper Duty, 112;
on Home Rule, 178.

Lorne, Marquis of, *138;
Marchioness. _See_ Louise, Princess.

Louis Philippe visits Windsor, *41;
abdication, 51.

Louise, Princess, Marchioness of Lorne, *107, *127, *138, *175.

Lowe, Robert, Viscount Sherbrooke, 128.

Lucknow, relief of, *104;
ruins of Residency, *105.

Lyndhurst, Lord, *5, 14, 112.

Lytton, Sir Edward Bulwer, *112.

Lytton, Lord, *144, *145.

Macaulay, Lord, *109;
on his own writings, 25.

Macnaghten, Sir W., 32.

Magdala, capture of, 134.

Mahdi, the, 164, 165, 167.

Maiwand, action at, *154, 155.

Majuba Hill, 157.

_Malabar_ frigate, wreck of, 114.

Manchester Ship Canal, *171;
Town Hall, *189.

Mansfield, Earl of, 17.

Marines, Royal, uniforms of, *81.

Mary, Princess of Cambridge, *107.

Maud of Wales, Princess, marriage of, *182.

May, First of, *59.

May of Teck, Princess, *175, 177, *181.

Meeanee, Battle of, 44.

Meerut, rising at, 97.

Melbourne, Lord, 4, *5, 12, *18;
character of, 18;
attacked by Brougham, 22;
fall of his Ministry, 31.

Melbourne, views in, *125.

Menschikoff, Prince, 75.

Militia, plans for, 66, 67.

Millais, Sir J. Everett, *176.

_Monarch_, telegraph ship, *31.

Monroe Doctrine, the, 183.

Montgomery, Mr. Robert, action at Meean Meer, 100.

Montreal, *114.

Moodkee, Battle of, 44.

Mooltan, siege of, 46.

Motor Carriages, 185.

Nana Sahib, 101-103.

Nankin, Treaty of, 29.

Napier, Sir Charles, *43, 77, 82.

Napier, Lord, of Magdala, *133.

Napoleon, Louis, _coup d'état_, 63;
visit to England, *88;
plot against, 108;
seeks British aid for deliverance of Italy, 110.

Napoleon, Prince, death of, 149.

Natal, *134.

Natural History Museum, *143.

Naval Actions, *29, *92, *113.

Naval Reviews, *47, *78.

Navy Island seized by Americans, 16.

Navy, uniforms of, *56, *57;
battleships, &c., *64, *65, *69, 186, *187;
moves into Dardanelles, 76;
compared with foreign Navies, 78.

Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, *41.

Newport, riot at, 20.

New South Wales, views in, and statistics of, *119.

New Zealand, 70;
views in, and statistics of, *132.

Nightingale, Miss Florence, 86, *87.

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 157, 168.

"North Star" railway engine, *9.

Oath on Accession, 4, 7;
at Coronation, *8.

O'Brien, W. Smith, 48, 49.

O'Connell, Daniel, 12, *20, *36.

O'Connor, Feargus, 48, 50.

Operating Room at Central Telegraph Office, *31.

Opium War, 28.

Orsini Plot, 108.

Osborne House, *150, *151.

Ottawa, Houses of Parliament, *114.

Outram, Sir J., *104, *105.

Overend and Gurney, failure of, 130.

Owen, Sir Richard, *143.

Pacifico, the Jew of Athens, 53.

Palmerston, Lord, *5, *39, *112;
on action of Chinese Government, 28;
rises to fame, 53, 54;
indiscretions, 63, 64, 65;
resignation of, 65, 77;
again Prime Minister, 87;
defeat of, on Chinese War, 94;
returns to office, 95;
defeat, 108;
second Administration, 110;
action respecting Schleswig-Holstein, 125;
why supported, 125;
death, 126;
character of, 126.

Papal Titles, 57.

Paper, the duty on, 111.

Parish Councils Bill, 178.

Parliament, Houses of, *66.

Parnell, Charles S., 153, 155, 157, *158, 169;
imprisoned, 161;
fall of, 176;
death, 176.

Parnell Commission, 173, 176.

Party Government, evils arising from, 17.

_Pas-de-deux_, Beaconsfield and Salisbury, *146.

Peel, Sir Robert, *5, *12, *48;
resigns on the Bedchamber Question, 22;
on grant to Prince Albert, 27;
forms a Cabinet, 31;
accepts Free Trade, 35, *36;
resumes office, 39;
defeat of, 40;
last speech of, 54;
death, 54.

Peel, Capt. Sir W., *104.

Pei-ho Forts, attack on, *113.

Pekin, capitulation of, 115.

P. and O. Steamers, *21.

Perth, West Australia, *128.

Petition, monster, 51.

Phoenix Park murders, 161, 173.

Phonograph, the, 186.

Photography, 187, *192.

Plates, Royal, *153.

Police, origin of the nickname "Peelers," 10.

Poll Tarff, fording the, *117.

Poor Law, detestation of, 19.

Post, the Penny, 23.

Post Office, 9, *23, *24, *25, *26, *31, *190.

Postal Vans, *22.

Potato Famine in Ireland, 36, 47.

Press, the, 190.

Primrose Day, *158.

Prince Consort. _See_ Albert, Prince.

Princess Royal, portraits of, *40, *49, *106, *124, *175;
christening of, *30;
marriage, 106, *107.

Probyn, Capt. Dighton, *98.

Proclamation of Queen as Empress of India, 144, *145.

Prussia, King of, *37;
Queen of, *107;
Crown Prince of, 106, *107.

Pusey, Dr. E. B., *41.

Quebec, *114.

Queen, Her Majesty the. _See_ Victoria, Queen.

Queen's name, story of the, 7;
speech, 7.

Queensland, views in, and statistics of, *126.

Raglan, Lord, 80, 84, *88.

Railway Carriage, the Queen's, *16.

Railways, early, 8, *9, *15, *16, *22.

Ramnuggur, Battle of, 45.

Reform Bills, 12, 129, 167;
League, 129.

Regalia, the, *106.

Remnant of an army, *33.

Repeal of Corn Laws, 38, 40.

_Repulse_, H.M.S., *69, *75.

Rice, Rt. Hon. Spring, 24.

Rifles, examples of, *96;
manufacture, *94.

Roberts, General Lord, 147, 154, *155, 156.

"Rocket," the, *9.

Röntgen Rays, *192.

Rorke's Drift, *149.

Rosebery, Lord, premiership of, 179;
resigns office, 180;
resigns leadership of party, 182.

Round Table Conference, 171.

Royal Family, portraits of, *49, *175.

_Royal Sovereign_, H.M.S., *69.

Runjeet Singh, 31.

Ruskin, Professor, 188, *191.

Russell, Lord John, *5, *12, 14, *112;
moves grant to Prince Albert, 27;
proposes fixed Duty on Corn, 36;
attempts to form a Ministry, 39;
action respecting Papal Titles, 58;
defeat of, 59;
resumes office, 60;
defeated on Militia Bill, 67;
on Conspiracy to Murder Bill, 109;
on Disraeli's Reform Bill, 110;
action respecting Schleswig-Holstein, 125;
raised to peerage, *127;
becomes Premier, 127.

Russell, Sir W. H., *83.

Russia, political action of Czar, 73, 74, *75, 76;
invasion of Turkey, 75;
death of Nicholas I., 87;
repudiates Treaty of Berlin, 138;
invades Turkey, 145;
anticipated War with, 167.

Sacrament, Queen receiving, *10.

Sale, General, 34.

Salisbury, Lord, portrait, *146;
in Disraeli's third Administration, 141;
at Berlin Congress, 146;
on Redistribution Bill, 167;
first Administration, 168;
second, 177;
third, 180.

Saloon, the Queen's, *16.

Sanitation, 192.

Schleswig-Holstein, War in, 124.

Science, advances in, 190-192.

Seamen, landing party of, *72.

Sebastopol, siege of, 80, 81, *83, 86, 88, 89.

Self-Denying Policy, *159.

Shaftesbury, Earl of, *40.

Shah Soojah-ool-Moolk, 31, 34.

Shears for cutting steel, *165.

Sibthorpe, Colonel, 27, 57.

Sick Man of Europe, the, 73.

Signal Cabins, *13.

Sikh Wars, 43, 45;
Sikh loyalty, 98.

Smallpox, decline of, 191.

Smith, Mr. W. H., 134, 171;
death, 176.

Sobraon, Battle of, *43, 44.

Soudan, War in, 164, 167.

Soult, Marshal, *10, 12.

South Australia, statistics of, *128.

Southey, Robert, *111.

Speaker, the, *112, *176.

Spencer, Herbert, *161.

Sports, Royal, *73, *79.

State Coach, the, *14.

Steam-hammer, *70.

Steamships, *21, *31, *38, *39, *62, *165, 185. _See also_ Navy.

Stephens, James, 131.

Stephenson, George, *185.

Stewart, General, 147.

Suez Canal Shares, purchase of, 143.

Summer Palace, destruction of, 116.

Surgery, Antiseptic, 191.

Sussex, Duke of, 4, *5, *30, *37.

Sydney, views in, *119.

Tait, Archbishop, *152.

Tantia Topee, 102, 106.

Tasmania, 70;
views in, and statistics of, *131.

Tchernaya, Battle of, 89.

Telegraph Instruments, early, *15.

Telegraph Office, Central, *31.

Telegraphs, 9, *14, *15, *31.

Telephone, the, 186.

Telescope, Lord Rosse's, *91.

Tel-el-Kebir, Battle of, 159, *160, *161.

Temple Bar, *147.

Tennyson, Lord, *111.

_Terrible_, H.M.S., *65.

_Teutonic_ Steamship, *62.

Thackeray, *109;
May-day Ode, 60, 62.

Thames, the, *147.

Thanksgiving Service for recovery of Prince of Wales, *140;
for Jubilee of Her Majesty, 172, *173.

Three generations afloat, *184.

Throne Room, Windsor, *19.

Tien-tsin, Treaty of, *113, 114;
occupation of, 115.

Too Late! *166.

Toronto, *115.

Torpedo boats, *65;
stores, *72.

Tower Bridge, *171.

Tractarian movement, 42, 57.

Tracts for the Times, 42.

Trade Unions, 20.

Trafalgar Square, meetings in, 129.

Transportation Act repealed, 71.

Transvaal, the, War with, 156;
Dr. Jameson invades, 182, *183.

Treason Felony Act, 49.

Trent Affair, the, 118.

Trooping the Colours, *97.

Truro Cathedral, *189.

Tunnel, Channel, 185;
Southwark, *186;
Blackwall, *186.

Turkey, proposed division of, 71;
custody of Holy Places, 75;
invasion by Russia, 75, 145;
destruction of fleet, 76;
atrocities in Bulgaria, 144;
in Armenia, 180;
War with Greece, 182.

United States, friendly action of, 16, 132;
Civil War in, 117, 118;
threatened rupture with, 120, 121, 183.

Vancouver Harbour, *115.

Venezuela, dispute as to Boundary of, 183.

Victoria, Princess, 3, *4, *6, *7.

Victoria, Queen, portraits of, *2, *4, *6, *7, *8, *19, *27, *34,
*49, *52, *59, *80, *93, *107, *120, *124, *127, *139, *175,
*177, *180, *191, *192;
Accession, 3, 7, *8;
first Council, 4;
youth of, 5;
her name, 7;
prorogues Parliament (1837), 7;
impressions as to her character, 8;
Coronation, 10;
confidence in Lord Melbourne, 18;
sends for Duke of Wellington, 21;
Bedchamber Question, 22;
attends review at Windsor, *25;
betrothal, 26;
opens Parliament (1840), 27;
marriage, *28;
fired at, 28, 52;
receives Louis Philippe, *41;
growing popularity, 52;
visits Ireland, 52;
on Papal Titles, 58;
on opening of Great Exhibition, 62;
on Napoleon's _coup d'état_, 63;
invests Napoleon with Garter, *88;
distributes medals, *89;
visits France, *90, *91;
at Aldershot, *116;
in the Highlands, *117;
on Prince Consort's last writings, 120;
at Osborne, *127;
proclaimed Empress of India, 144, *145;
Jubilee, 172, *173;
opens Imperial Institute, *173;
influence of character, 189, 192.

_Victoria_, H.M.S., *65.

Victoria Cross pictures, *82, *87, *89, *98.

Victoria, Australia, views in, and statistics of, *125.

Vienna, Conferences of Ambassadors at, 75.

Villiers, Rt. Hon. C. P., *17, 21, 35, *112.

Volunteer movement, 111;
uniforms, *110.

Wales, Prince of, portraits, *48, *79, *107, *124, *144, *175, *191;
christening of, *37;
marriage, 122, *123;
illness, recovery, and thanksgiving, *140;
visits India, 144;
organizes Jubilee Institute, 173;
hand of, *192.

Wales, Princess of, *124, *175;
marriage, 122, *123.

War correspondents, 82.

_Warrior_, H.M.S., *69.

War-ships. _See_ Navy.

Waterloo Bridge, *147.

Wellington, Duke of, *5, *25;
at the Coronation, 10;
declines Premiership, 21;
moves amendment to address on Queen's betrothal, 27;
as Cæsar's Ghost, *36;
on Corn Laws, 38;
advises recall of Lord Russell, 59;
presents casket to Prince Arthur, *59;
death, 67;
funeral, *67, *68.

West Australia, statistics of, *128.

Who? Who? Ministry, 67.

William IV., death of, 3.

_William Fawcett_ Steamship, *21.

Windsor Castle, *3;
Throne Room, *19.

Winnipeg City Hall, *116.

Wolseley, Sir Garnet, afterwards Viscount, portrait, *160;
in Ashanti, 140;
in South Africa, 149;
in Egypt, 160, *161, 165.

Wood, Sir Charles, *112.

Woolwich Arsenal, *70.

Wordsworth, William, *110.

York, Duke of, *175;
marriage of, *181.

York, Prince Edward of, *180.

Zulu War, 148.

*** _All the illustrations in this Work are copyright._

ERRATA.

_The following corrections have been made in a portion of the issue of this Work._

pp. 62, 63, date of closing of Great Exhibition _should be_
"October 11."

p. 65, fifth line from bottom, date of fire at Houses of
Parliament _should be_ "1834."

p. 71, last line, _for_ "died out" _read_ "almost died out"

p. 77, sixth line from bottom, _for_ "oppressor" _read_
"opposer"

p. 90, first line of note beneath upper illustration _should
read_ "first visit of an English Sovereign to Paris since
Henry VI. was crowned there," &c.

p. 119, title to first illustration _should read_ "Sydney
Harbour, from Palace Garden."

FOOTNOTES:

[A] Who had recently taken the place of the old watchmen, and were nicknamed Peelers after Sir Robert Peel.

[B] The Tory Party had by this time adopted the title of Conservatives, a term first applied to them by Wilson Croker in the _Quarterly Review_ for January 1830, wherein he mentions his attachment to "what is called the Tory, but which might, with more propriety, be called the Conservative Party." The Charter of Conservatism was never more clearly defined than by Sir Robert Peel, who, speaking at Merchant Taylors' Hall in 1838, said: "My object for some years past has been to lay the foundations of a great party which, existing in the House of Commons, and deriving its strength from the popular will, should diminish the risk and deaden the shock of collisions between the two branches of the legislature."

[C] During eight months of 1839 wheat was upwards of 70_s._ a quarter. Last year (1896) it was 24_s._

[D] Daniel O'Connell's parody referring to Colonel Sibthorp, who was Member for Lincoln, and two other Colonels in Parliament, is too witty to be forgotten:--

"Three Colonels in three distant counties born,
Sligo, Armagh, and Lincoln did adorn,
The first in matchless impudence surpassed
The next in bigotry--in both, the last.
The force of nature could no further go:
To beard the third, she shaved the other two."

Colonel Sibthorp was distinguished, in days when shaven chins were all but universal, by an immense beard and moustache.

[E] This Act was repealed in 1871.

[F] There were at that time two offices in the Government, that of the Secretary of State for War, who was the Duke of Newcastle, and that of the Secretary at War, Mr. Sidney Herbert.

[G] Sir Henry Lawrence was brother of Sir John Lawrence, afterwards Lord Lawrence, Governor-General of India.

[H] Her Royal Highness's full baptismal names are Alexandra Caroline Maria Charlotte Louisa Julia.

[I] See page 217.

[J] See page 210.

[K] Dress of black moiré silk with panels of pale grey silk, embroidered in silver; cape of black chiffon, with white lace insertion and silver embroidery. Black bonnet, ornamented with jet and silver, trimmed with white acacia and ostrich feathers, and diamond aigrette.

* * * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Simple typographical errors were corrected.

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

The first letter of each Chapter, including the Preface, was printed as an illustrated drop-cap. This version of this eBook uses simple printed letters instead, and does not indicate the presence of an illustration.

Identifying names in some captions have been replaced by letter keys and corresponding explanations; when the original book used numeric keys, they have been retained.

Footnotes have been moved to the end of this eBook.

The Index only covers pages 1-192. In the original book, it appeared immediately after the Preface, but has been moved to the end of this eBook.

In the original book, the Errata section appeared immediately after the Index, and has been moved, with the Index, to the end of this eBook.

Index entry for "Press, the" refers to non-existent page 910. Changed to 190.

Table of Contents added by Transcriber.

Page 153, second illustration: plates numbered in original sequence.

Page 175: some numbers in the Key are unclear in the original.

Page 181: in illustration caption, "Victoria Melitia" should be "Victoria Melita," as it is in the illustration caption on page 175.

Page 188: The "er" in "François Ier" was superscripted.

Page 213: The "6" in "about 600 Members" was printed poorly in the source.