Chapter I: Page

RAW MATERIALS USED IN SOAP MAKING 1-30

1. Soap Defined 1

2. Oils and Fats 1-2

3. Saponification Defined 2-3

4. Fats and Oils Used in Soap Manufacture 3-4
Fullers' Earth Process for Bleaching Tallow 4-6
Method for Further Improvement of Color in Tallow 6
Vegetable Oils 6-9
Chrome Bleaching of Palm Oil 9-12
Air Bleaching of Palm Oil 12-16

5. Rancidity of Oils and Fats 16-18
Prevention of Rancidity 18

6. Chemical Constants of Oils and Fats 18-19

7. Oil Hardening or Hydrogenating 19-21

8. Grease 21-22

9. Rosin (Colophony, Yellow Rosin, Resina) 22-23

10. Rosin Saponification 23-24

11. Naphthenic Acids 24-25

12. Alkalis 25-26
Caustic Soda 26
Caustic Potash 26-28
Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash) 28-29
Potassium Carbonate 29

13. Additional Material Used in Soap Making 29-30

CHAPTER II.

CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF A SOAP PLANT 31-34

CHAPTER III.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOAP MAKING METHODS 35-46

1. Full Boiled Soaps 36-42

2. Cold Process 43-44

3. Carbonate Saponification 45-46