Chapter LIV: Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by

appropriate legislation.

-----

Footnote 311:

Voters.

Footnote 312:

Annulled by the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.

Footnote 313:

Superseded by the Seventeenth Amendment.

Footnote 314:

See Seventeenth Amendment.

Footnote 315:

See Sixteenth Amendment.

Footnote 316:

Superseded by the Twelfth Amendment.

Footnote 317:

Modified by the Eleventh Amendment.

Footnote 318:

Compare Fourteenth Amendment.

Footnote 319:

The first ten Amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were adopted in
1791.

Footnote 320:

See Amendment XIV, Sec. 1, which extends part of this restriction to
the States.

Footnote 321:

Adopted in 1798 to protect the sovereignty of the States.

Footnote 322:

Adopted in 1804, superseding Article II, Sec. 1.

Footnote 323:

Adopted in 1865.

Footnote 324:

Adopted in 1868.

Footnote 325:

Adopted in 1870.

Footnote 326:

Adopted in 1913.

Footnote 327:

Adopted in 1913.

Footnote 328:

Adopted in 1919.

Footnote 329:

Adopted in 1920.

INDEX

A

Accidents, industrial, 411-412

Admission of new states, 227-228

Agriculture, the federal Department of, 299 _n_
scope and methods of, 339-342
special characteristics of, 343-345
improvements in, 345-346
government encouragement of, 346-348
financial aids to, 348-349
problems of, 349-352

Agricultural bloc, in Congress, 282 _n_, 350-351

Alaska, government of, 229 _n_

Albany Congress, 248

Ambassadors, appointment and duties of, 591-595

Amendments, to state constitutions, 232
to national constitution, 260-262

American Federation of Labor, 403-404

Americanization, the public schools as agencies of, 28
purpose and methods of, 33

“American Plan” in industry, 409

Anti-Trust Law. _See_ Sherman Act

Appointments to office, methods of, 99-101
confirmation of, 270-271
presidential, 293-294

Appeals, judicial, 311-312

Appropriations in Congress, 463-465

Arbitration, of labor disputes, 409-410
compulsory, 410-411
international, 601-602

Aristotle, classification of governments by, 66-67

Armaments, the cost of, 563-564

Army, various divisions of the, 567-571
control of, in war, 571-572

Army in peace, 572-573

Articles of Confederation, 249-251, 287

Assessments for taxation, 456-457

Athletics, value of, in training citizens, 86-88

Attorney-General, office of, 299 _n_

Australian ballot, 132

B

Balance of power in Europe, 629

Ballot, history of the, 131-132
reform of, 132-133
preferential, 133-134

Banks, functions of, 434
organization of, 435-437
federal reserve, 437-439
work of, 439-442
_See_ also Farm Loan Banks

Bargaining, collective, 405-406

Billboards, regulation of, 214-215

Bill of Rights, 261

Bimetallism, the controversy over, 428-430

Blacklists, industrial, 407

Blackstone’s _Commentaries_, 314 _n_

Bloc. _See_ Agricultural bloc

Blue-sky laws, 446 _n_

Boards, in counties, 169-170
in cities, 192
in state government, 238-239
of education, 498
of health, 534

Bonds, defined and explained, 445 _n_
government, 466-467
serial, 469

Bonaparte, Napoleon, on the qualities of a good constitution, 258

Bosses, political, their origin, 29
their methods, 160-161

Boycotts in labor troubles, 407

Brindell Case, 404 _n_

Bryan, William J., on free silver, 430

Budgets, how made, 462-463
in Congress, 463-465

Buildings, public, in cities, 212-214

Bureau of Animal Industry, 347
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 376
of Child Welfare, 415 _n_
of Education, 499
of American Republics, 617

Burke, Edmund, on the function of a representative, 98-99

Business taxes, 222

C

Cabinet, organization and functions of, 297-303

Campaign funds, 161-162

Capital, as a factor in production, 48-50

Center of population in the United States, 21

Chancery. _See_ Equity

Charters, municipal, 186-190

Checks and balances, 232-234

Child labor, the restriction of, 414-415

Chief justice, duties of, in presidential impeachments, 270 _n_

China, economic resources of, 335
open door in, 618-620

Circuit courts, 313

Cities, drift of population to, 22-23
growth of, 183-184
character of population in, 184-186
relation to state, 186-190
government of, 190-199
administrative problems in, 203-222
taxation in, 455-457

City councils, 193-194

City government, development of, 182-184
present organization of, 184-199
_See_ also Municipal problems

City-manager plan, 197-198

City planning, 206-298

Citizenship, rights of, 79
qualifications for, 81
dual, 82 _n_
obligations of, 83-84
training for, 84-88

Civil liberty, origin and nature of, 78-81
relation of direct legislation to, 111

Civil War, effect of, on relations between nation and states, 227
on the constitution, 261-262
martial law during, 574-575
naval progress during, 575 _n_
cost of pensions after, 583
danger of foreign intervention during, 608

Civil service, federal, 104
in counties, 173
_See_ also Merit system

Clayton Act, 391, 408

Cleveland, adoption of city manager plan in, 197 _n_
Grover, use of armed forces in labor troubles by, 572-573

Closed shop, the question of, 408-409

Coal, the conservation of, 329-330

Codes of law, 315 _n_

Coinage in the United States, 427-430

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, on the art of taxation, 455 _n_

Collective bargaining, 56, 405-406

Colleges, training for citizenship in, 87-88

Commerce, purposes of, 356-357
development of, 357-358
scope and nature of, 358-359
regulation of, 359-360
agencies of, 364-368
effect of tariffs on, 368-372
the encouragement of, 372-378

Commission government, in cities, 194-196
in states, 241-242

Commissions, public service, 480-481

Committees, party, 156-158
in the Senate, 268-269
in the House, 275
of conference, 277-278
on budget matters, 464-465

Communism, economic aspects of, 650-652

Common law, 314-315

Companies, commercial, 50-51
_See_ also Holding companies

Competition, the nature of, 54
among public utilities, 475-476

Conciliation in labor disputes, 409-410

Confederation, Articles of, 249-251

Confirmation of appointments, 100

Congress, of the Confederation, 248-252, 257
of the United States, influence of public opinion on, 95-96
organization and work of, 266-282
committees in, 268-278
agricultural bloc in, 350-351
new budget system in, 464-465
of Vienna, 627-628

Conservation of natural resources, 326-336

Consular service, 373-374

Constitution of the United States, events leading to, 246-253
makers of, 254-255
nature of, 257-258
development of, 258-260
methods of amending, 260-262

Constitutions, state, 230-232

Consumption of wealth, 39-40

Constabulary, state, 217

Constitutional Convention of 1787, 253-257

Continental Congress, 248

Contract, freedom of, 55-56

Conventions, party, state, 129, 156-157
national, 158-159

Coroner, office of, 172

Corporations, the nature of, 50-51
citizenship of, 81 _n_
industrial, 384-385
control of, 389-393

Council, in cities, 193-194

County districts, 177

County government, 167-174

County manager plan, 170

Courtesy of the Senate, 270-271

Courts, county, 170-171
state, 239
federal, 308-313

Courts-martial, 573-574

Covenant. _See_ League of Nations

Credit, agricultural, 348-349
relation of money to, 442-443

Credit, relation of prices to, 443-444
advantages and dangers of, 444-445

Crime, classifications of, 550-551
causes of, 552-553
methods of dealing with, 553-557

“Crime of 1873”, 429 _n_

“Cross of Gold” campaign, 430

Currency, paper, history of, 430-431
present forms of, 431-432
advantages of, 432-434

Currency Act (1900), 430

Custom, the influence of, 9-10

D

Darwin, Charles, theories of, 2-4

Debts, public, necessity of, 465-466
nature and amount of, 466-468
repayment of, 468-469

Declaration of Independence, influence of John Locke on, 64-65
assertion of civil rights in, 80
political doctrines of, 248-249

Defence, national, cost of, 563-564
need for, 564-567
methods of, 567-583

Degeneracy as a cause of poverty, 542

Demand and supply, relations of, 40

Democracy, true and false types, 68
progress of, 69
justification of, 70
relation of education to, 492-493
relation of socialism to, 657-658
achievements of, 658-660
citizen’s duty toward, 660-661

Departments, in city government, 191-192, 205-206
in state government, 238-239
in federal government, 299

Diminishing returns, the law of, 343

Diplomatic service, organization and functions of, 591-595

Direct legislation, progress of, 107-108
procedure in, 109-110
merits and defects of, 110-112

Disarmament, international, 576-577
_See_ also Washington Conference

Disease, the germ theory of, 516-517
transmission of, 517-520
in industry, 521-522
the prevention of, 522-524

District attorney. _See_ Prosecuting attorney
of Columbia, government of, 230 _n_
courts, federal, 313

Divine right, theory of, 63-64

Division of labor, 44-46
in agriculture, 344-345
of powers, 232-234

Divorce problem, 557-560

Domestic relations, courts of, 559

Drug evil, the, 526

Duties on imports, 459
_See_ also Tariffs and Tariff problems

E

Economics, the subject-matter of, 38-39

Education, relation to democracy, 492-493
to personal efficiency, 493-494
purpose and value of, 494-495
growth of, 495-496
control and management of, 496-498
national government’s work for, 498-499
federal aid to, 499-500
problems of, 500-507
vocational, 507-508

Educational tests for voting, 122-124

Elections, in counties, 169
procedure at, 129-137
corrupt practices at, 137-138
of senators, 267-268
of representatives in Congress, 273-274
presidential, 288-290
_See_ also Ballots, City Government, Voting

Emergency Fleet Corporation, 375

Employers’ liability, 411-412

England, local government in, 227
cabinet system in, 301

Environment, the influence of, 5-9

Equity, origin and nature of, 316-317

Espionage Act, the, 581

Europe, relations with, 613

Evolution, theory of, 1-5
in political institutions, 66

Excess profits, taxation of, 458-459

Exchange, the theory of, 53

Expatriation, the doctrine of, 83

F

Factories. _See_ Industry

Family, as a fundamental social group, 11-12
its place in the evolution of government, 66

Far East, American interests in the, 617-618

Farm Loan Banks, 348-349

Farmers’ Alliance. _See_ National Farmers’ Alliance
Institutes, 350

Farmer-Labor party, 351

Federalism, the nature of, 67-68

_Federalist, The_, 257

Federal reserve banks, organization and work of, 437-439
Trade Commission, 341-392

Filibusters, 278-279

Filtration of water supplies, 530-531

Fire prevention, the need for, 217-218
methods of, 218-219

Fisheries, economic importance of, 333

Fittest, survival of the, 3-4, 11

Food, the inspection of, 525-526
control of, in war time, 582

Foreign policy, American traditions relating to, 606-607
nature of, 587-590
control of, 590-591
how conducted, 591-602

Forests, economic importance of, 331
_See_ also Reserves

Four Power Treaty, 619-620

Fourteen Points, the, 609-610

France, local government in, 227

Franchises, taxation of, 456
public service, 477-480

Freedom of speech in war time, 581-582

Free silver, the fight for, 428-430

Free trade, arguments for and against, 370-372

G

Garbage, disposal of, 527-528

Gary system, 506-507

General property tax, 455-456

“Gentlemen’s agreement”, with Japan, 32
in industry, 386

Geography, influence of, 8-9, 333-336

George, Henry, social views of, 461 _n_

Germany, social insurance in, 419

Gerrymander, origin and use of, 273

Gladstone, W. E., opinion of the national constitution, 256-257

Gompers, Samuel, 405

Government, the importance of, 13
as a factor in production, 51-52
the basis of obedience to, 63-65
origin of, 65-66
classification of, 66-69
purpose of, 70-72
functions of, 72-73
the study of, 74

Governor, position and powers of, 237-238

Grand jury, 318

Granges. _See_ Patrons of Husbandry

Greenbacks, the, 431

Guidance, vocational, 396-397

Guild operation, 488-489

H

Habeas corpus, the writ of, 317 _n_

Habit, influence of, 10

Hague Conferences, the, 577

Hamilton, Alexander, 255, 257
_Report on Manufactures_, 370

Hawaii, government of, 229 _n_

Hayes-Tilden election, 290 _n_

Highways in counties, 168

Hobbes, Thomas, defender of absolutism, 65

Holding companies, 387

Holy Alliance, 598-599

Home rule, municipal, 187-190

House of Representatives, federal, organization and work of, 272-283

Housing, municipal control of, 531-533

I

Ideals, national, economic influence of, 327
effect of urban growth on, 184-186

Illiteracy in the United States, 502 _n_

Immigration, the course of, 23-24
causes of, 25-26
effects of, 26-29
restriction of, 29-30, 32

Impeachments, federal, 269-270

Income taxes, 458-459

Increasing returns, law of, 388

Incidence of taxation, 451-452

Individualism as an economic system, 14, 73

Index numbers, 443 _n_

Industrial accidents, 411-412
courts, 410-411
democracy, 393-394
Revolution, nature of, 383-384
Revolution, effect on labor, 400-401, 414 _n_
Workers of the World (the I. W. W.), 405

Industry, definition of, 383
development and organization of, 384-386
combinations in, 386-389
government regulation of, 389-393
present-day problems of, 393-397
the hygiene of, 520-521

Inheritances, taxes on, 458

Initiative and referendum, origin and spread of, 107-108
how used, 109-110
value of, 110-111
objections to, 111-112

Injunctions, use of, in labor disputes, 407-408

Insular possessions, government of, 229-230

Insane, problem of the, 549-550

Insects as disease carriers, 518-519

Insurance, against accident, 413
against unemployment, 418
against old age, 419

Interest on invested capital, 49-50

Interior Department, its work, 299 _n_

International, The, 651-652

International law, nature and scope of, 588-590

Interstate commerce, growth of, 359-361
regulation of, 362-364
Commerce Commission, jurisdiction and work of, 363-364

Interpretation, development of the constitution by, 259-260

J

Jackson, Andrew, removals from office by, 102

Japan, relations with, 618-620

Japanese, problem of the, on Pacific slope, 32-33

Jefferson, Thomas, believer in social contract theory, 65
on entangling alliances, 598, 606

Johnson, Andrew, impeachment of, 270 _n_

Judicial procedure, 317-323

Judicial supremacy, the doctrine of, 310-311

Judges, selection and removal of, 239-240

Jukes, the, 542-543

Junior high schools and colleges, 502-503

Jury, grand, 318
trial, 318-319
merits and defects of, 317-321

Justice, Department of, its work, 299 _n_

Juvenile delinquency, 557

K

Kansas plan of arbitration, 410-411

Knights of Labor, 402-403

L

Labor, as a factor in production, 43-44
division of, 44-46
perishable nature of, 46-47
federal department of, 299 _n_

Labor in agriculture, 349
changes in the conditions of, 400-401
organization of, 401-403
American Federation of, 403-404
the radical element in, 404-405
methods and policies of, 405-410
problems of, 410-419
services of, during the World War, 419-420
relations of, to League of Nations, 637

Latin-America, relations with, 615-617

Law, branches of the, 314-315
military, 573-574
martial, 574-575
relations of labor to, 411

League of Nations, origin of the, 625-630
covenant of, 630-632
as a scheme of government, 632-636
system of mandates, 636-637
relation of labor to, 637
public health work of, 638
American objections to, 638-639
work of, 639-640
relation of Washington Conference to, 640-641
future of, 641-642
relation of Monroe Doctrine to, 600 _n_

Legislative reference bureaus, 237 _n_

Legislatures, state, decline of confidence in, 108
organization of, 235-237

L’Enfant, Major, planning of Washington by, 207

Liquor traffic, its effect upon the public health, 526-527

Loans to European countries, 613-614
_See_ also Debts

Lobbying, 237 _n_

Local government in Europe and America compared, 178-179

Locke, John, his theory of political obedience, 64

Lockouts, industrial, 407

Lockwood Committee, its investigations, 55 _n_

London, first civil police established in, 216
poverty in, 541

Los Angeles, origin of recall in, 114

Louisiana Purchase, 228

Lusitania, sinking of the, 609

M

McCulloch _v._ Maryland, the case of, 435 _n_

Machines, political, 159-160

Madison, James, on the need of national defence, 564
contributions to _The Federalist_, 257

Magna Carta, 79, 323, 495

Maine, Sir Henry, on the rise of men from status to contract, 56

Management, industrial, as a factor in production, 50-51

Mandate (_mandamus_), the writ of, 317 _n_

Mandates, the system of, 636-637

Martial law, 574-575

Mayor, position and powers of the, 190-191

Mentally defective, the problem of the, 549-550

Merchant marine, 375-376

Mergers in industry, 387

Merit system, origin of, 103-104
workings of, 104-105
value of, 105-106
in the consular service, 374

Metropolitan counties, 173-174

Mexico, relations with, 615-617

Military government, 575 _n_

Military law, 573-574

Militarism, the encouragement of, 565-566

Milk, inspectors of, 524-525

Mines and minerals, economic importance of, 329-340
their relation to conquest, 334-335

Minimum wage laws, 416-417

Minor political parties, 152-153

Mints in the United States, 428

Money, origin of, 424-425
functions and characteristics of, 425-427

Money, forms of, in the United States, 427-433
relation of credit to, 442-443
quantity theory of, 444
_See_ also Currency

Monopolies, types of, 54
effects of, 55
industrial, 387-388
natural, 474-475

Monroe Doctrine, origin and nature of, 596-599
present status of, 600-601

Municipal problems, 203-222
_See_ also City government

N

National banks, organization and work of, 435-439
Farmers’ Alliance, 350
Guard, relation of federal authorities to, 568-569

Naturalization, requirements for, and procedure in, 81-82

Natural monopolies, 474-475
resources, 326-336
selection, the principle of, 3-4

Navy, growth and organization of, 575-576
_See_ also Disarmament

Near East, American interests in, 620

Negroes, migration of, to the United States, 27
present numbers and distribution, 30-31
problems of, 31-32
voting rights of, 261-262

Neutrality, laws of, 589
American contributions to the rights of, 601

New England town, the government of, 175-176

New York City, population of, 23
poverty in, 541

New Zealand, compulsory arbitration in, 409 _n_

Nominations, history of, 120-121
methods of making, 127-129
_See_ also Conventions, Primary

Normal schools, 504

Northern Securities Case, 365-390

O

Oil, the conservation of, 329-330

Old age pensions, 419

Open shop, controversies over, 408-409

Optional charter system, 189 _n_

Oregon, direct legislation in, 110

Organization, of industry, 50-51, 384-385
of labor, 401-405

Ownership, public. _See_ Public ownership

P

Pacific, problems of the, 618-620

Panama Canal, the, 617

Pan-American Congress, 617

Parks and recreation grounds, 212

Parole system, 555-556

Parties, political, nature and functions of, 145-150
history of, 150-151
programs of, 151-154
the voter’s relation to, 154-155
organization of, 156-161
finance of, 161-162
reform of, 162-163

Partnerships, business, 50

Patents, 55

Patrons of Husbandry, 350

Pauperism, nature of, and remedies for, 540-549

Pavements, 210-212

Peel, Sir Robert, first civil police system established by, 216 _n_

Penn, William, plan of colonial union proposed by, 248

Pensions, the cost of, 583
old age, 419

Petitions, for direct legislation, 109

Picketing during labor troubles, 407

Playground, training for citizenship on the, 86

Philippines, government of the, 229 _n_, 230 _n_

Plumb Plan, 366, 489

Pocket veto, 294

Police, history of, 215-216
organization of, 216-217

Poll taxes, 456

Pools in industry, 386-387

Poor relief, history and methods of, 540-549

Popular sovereignty, 94-95

Population, growth of, 19-20
distribution of, 20-21
center of, 21
drift of, to the cities, 22-23

“Pork barrel”, in Congress, 464 _n_

Porto Rico, government of, 229 _n_

Poverty, extent and causes of, 540-545
methods of dealing with, 545-549

President of the United States, position and powers of, 286-297
control of army, 571-572
control of navy, 576

Preparedness for war, the true nature of, 578-580

Price-fixing by governments, 391

Prices, relation of, to value, 53-54
to money and credit, 443-444
to taxes, 452

Primary, the different forms of, 127-129

Prisons and prison reform, 554-555

Private property, regulation of, 214-215

Probation system, 556-557

Production, economic, 41-42
the factors in, 42-52
large-scale, 388-389

Profit sharing, 394-395

Profits, nature and basis of, 51

Property, private. _See_ Private Property

Proportional representation, 134-136

Prosecuting attorney, 171-172

Protective tariffs, arguments for, 370-371
arguments against, 371-372

Public buildings, in counties, 168
in cities, 212-214

Public domain, 327-328

Public health, importance of, 514-515
progress in the protection of, 515-516
menaces to, 516-520
methods of safeguarding, 521-534
enforcement of regulations relating to, 534-535

Public Health Service, federal, 534-535

Public libraries, 504-505

Public opinion, nature and influence of, 94-96

Public ownership, in Europe, 482
in America, 483
arguments for, 483-485
arguments against, 435-437

Public service commissions, 480-481

Q

Quantity theory of money and prices, 444

Quarantine, methods of, 522-523

R

Races in the United States, 19-33

Radicalism, growth of, 646-647

Railroads, the beginnings of, 362-363
relation of, to Sherman Act, 364-365
in war time, 365-366
government operation of, 366-367
return to private operation of, 367
future of, 368

Railway Labor Board, 367

Ratio of representation, 272

Recall of officers, 113-114

Recess appointments, 271

Reciprocity with Canada, 373

Reconstruction, economic, in Europe, 614-615
political and economic, 646-661

Redistricting, 273

Refunding of public debts, 468

Registration of voters, 125-126

Regular army, 567-568

Removals from office, 106

Rent, its nature, 43

Representation, proportional, 134-136

Representatives, effect of direct legislation on the quality of, 112
the choice of, 96-97
proper function of, 98-99

Reserves, forest, 332-333

Restraint of trade, 389-390

Resources, natural, 326-336

Revolution, American, as a unifying factor, 248

Rings, political, 160-161

Rome, ancient, prestige of citizenship in, 80-81

Roosevelt, Theodore, on national defence, 565 _n_
in Venezuela controversy, 590

Rule of reason, the, 390

Rural exodus, the, 351-352

Russia, the new government in, 647-652

S

Sales tax, as proposed, 462

Schools. _See_ Education

Second jeopardy, 320

Secret diplomacy, 595-596

Selective service in war time, 570-571

Selectmen, boards of, in towns, 176

Senate of the United States, organization and powers of, 267-272
rejection of treaties by, 631

Senatorial courtesy. _See_ Courtesy of the Senate

Sewage, collection and disposal of, 527-528

Sheriff, office of, 171

Sherman Act, 364-365, 389-390, 391 _n_

Shipping Board, 375

Single tax, as proposed, 461-462

Short ballot, 132-133
in county elections, 174

Sinking funds, 468

Smith, Adam, on the canons of taxation, 455

Smoke abatement in cities, 531

Social contract, theory of, 65
control, 14-15
control, the limits to, 72-73
insurance as a means of reducing poverty, 548

Socialism, defined and explained, 652-653
arguments for, 653-654
arguments against, 654-658

Socialist party, its rise and present status, 154

Society, its origin and nature, 1-13

Soil, economic importance of, 327-328
exhaustion of, 345

Soviet system in Russia, 647-650

Speaker, office of, 274-275

Special assessments, 457

Spoils system, 101-103
in the consular service, 374

State Department, its work, 591

States, nature of, 62-63
relation of local government to, 186-190, 219-220
relation to national government, 226-227
admission of, 227-230
constitutions of, 230-232
functions of, 232-233
legislative organization in, 235-237
executive organization in, 237-238
judicial organization in, 239-240
encouragement of agriculture by, 348
control of corporations by, 392
tax systems of, 457-458
educational work of, 496-497
supervision of public health by, 534

Statutes and statutory law, 315-316

Steam, revolution in industry caused by, 384

Stock exchange, functions of, 445-446

Streets, planning of, 208-209
width and arrangement, 209-210
paving of, 210-212

Strikes, how organized, 406-407

Succession to the presidency, 296

Suffrage, history of, 119-120
negro, 120-121
universal, 121-122
_See_ also Elections, Voting

Supreme Court of the United States, its constitutional functions,
259-260
its organization and influence, 308-311

T

Tariffs and tariff policy, 368-372

Taxation, in cities, 220-222
the burden of, 450-451
the incidence of, 451-453
special nature of, 453-454
principles of, 454-455
local, 455-457
state, 457-458
national, 458-459
the two purposes of, 459-460
exemptions from, 460-461
the reform of, 461-462

Taxes, on immigrants, 30
as an element in the cost of production, 52

Teachers, the training of, 503-504

Tenements. _See_ Housing

Territories, the government of, 229-230

Timber, the conservation of, 331-332

Town government, 175-176

Towner-Sterling Bill, 499 _n_

Township government, 176-177

Trade unions. _See_ Organization of labor

Traffic zones, 210

Transportation Act, 364, 367

Treasury, Department of the, 299 _n_

Treaties, ratification of, by the Senate, 271
commercial, 373
how made, 596-597

Trial by jury, 318-321

Tribe, its place in political evolution, 66

Triple Alliance, 628-629

Trusts, industrial, 387

Tweed, William M., 161 _n_

Typhoid fever, its cause and method of transmission, 517-518

U

Unemployment, the problem of, 417-418

Unions, labor, aims and methods of, 401-410

Universal military training, merits and defects of, 578

Usage, development of constitution by, 258-259

Utility, the principle of, in determining demand, 40-41

Utilities, public, 215
the nature of, 474-476
regulation of, 470-477
franchises of, 477-480
public ownership of, 481-488
guild operation of, 488-489

V

Vaccination and inoculation, effects of 523-524

Value, definition of, 53

Versailles, Treaty of, 610, 631 _n_

Vice president, election of, 288
duties of, 270 _n_
functions of the, 296-297

Veto power, the President’s, 294-295

Vocation, the choice of a, 396-397

Vocational education, 507-508
_See_ also Guidance, vocational

Volunteers, use of, in war, 569-570

Voting, preferential, 133-134
qualifications for, 122-125
absent, 138
compulsory, 138-139
by machine, 139-140
in Congress, 278 _n_
_See_ also Registration of voters, Suffrage

W

Wages, factors affecting the rate of, 47-48

War, the cost of, 563-564
the causes of, 566-567
preparedness for, 578-581
the laws of, 588-589
humanizing of, 601
measures for the prevention of, 635-636
_See_ also Arbitration, Hague Conferences, League of Nations,
Washington Conference

War Industries Board, 582

Washington Conference, 575 _n_, 577, 619-620

Washington Conference, relation of League of Nations to, 640-641

Washington, George, as a non-partisan President, 102
on the weakness of the Confederation, 252
at the constitutional convention, 254
on two-house legislatures, 266
advice on foreign policy, 597-598, 606 _n_

Waste disposal, methods of, in cities, 527-528

Water supply, sources and methods of, 529-530

Wealth, definition of, 39

Weather Bureau, importance of its work, 347

Wellington, the Duke of, on the value of organized play, 87

Wider use of the school plant, 505-506

Whitehall, Indiana, center of population, 21

Wilson, Woodrow, on the aims of America in the World War, 609-610
_See_ also Fourteen Points, League of Nations, World War

Woman suffrage, the winning of, 262

Women, in industry, the protection of, 413-414

Workman’s compensation, 413

World power, the United States in relation to, 606-621

World War, rise of wages during, 48
American agriculture during, 342-343
American labor during, 419-420
public debts resulting from, 466
powers of the government during, 580-583
America’s part in, 608-609
cost of, 612
problems created by, 646-661

Writs at law, 317 _n_

Y

Year Book of the Department of Agriculture, 347

Footnotes

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Transcriber’s Note

The index entry regarding the duties of the Vice President refers to a note on p. 270, but no such note exists.

The index entry regarding compulsory arbitration in New Zealand refers to a note on p. 419. The note appears on p. 409.

Other errors deemed most likely to be the printer’s have been corrected, and are noted here. The references are to the page and line in the original. Where the error is in a footnote, the original note is included and the line within it.

71.32 protect a[rg/gr]iculture Transposed. 80.2 It wa[s] a long and grim struggle Restored. 82.34 In the case of the Porto Ricans[,] citizenship Added. 105.10 They are practical[ in] their nature. Added. 179.33 and[ and] the county-manager plans. Removed. 193.7 that i[s/t] encourages Replaced. 250.26 [I/i]t could act only Replaced. 316.13 many states[.] Added. 329.8 restocking of lakes with fish)[.] Added. 353.33 _The Non-Partisan League_, pp.269-283[;/.] Replaced. 379.33 and future development[.] Added. 418.10 a certain p[re/er]centage of the total Transposed. 465.12 to the present taxpayers[.] Added. 468.n2.2 life of a public i[n/m]provement Replaced. 470.10 _Public Finance_, [pp. ]261-280. Added. 471.11 p. 457.[)] Added. 618.6 mastery of the Pacific[.] Added. 673.29 I do solem[n]ly swear Inserted. 683.6 a Senator or Represen[t]ative Inserted.