Chapter IX: Outlines of the Socialist State

Detailed specifications impossible--Principles which must characterize it--Man's egoism and sociability--Socialism and Individualism not opposites--The idea of the Socialist state as a huge bureaucracy--Mr. Anstey's picture and Herbert Spencer's fear--Justification of this view in Socialist propaganda literature--Means of production, individual and social--Professor Goldwin Smith's question--The Socialist ideal of individual liberty--Absolute personal liberty not possible--Spencer's abandonment of _laissez faire_--Political organization of Socialist regime must be democratic--Automatic democracy unattainable--The need of eternal vigilance--Delegated authority--The rights of the individual and of society briefly stated--Private property and industry not incompatible with Socialism--Public ownership not the end, but only a means to an end--Economic structure of the Socialist state--Efficiency the test for private or public industry--The application of democratic principles to industry--The right to labor guaranteed by society, and the duty to labor enforced by society--Free choice of labor--Mode of remuneration--Who will do the dirty work?--The "abolition of wages"--Approximate equality attainable by free play of economic law under Socialism--Hoarded wealth--Inheritance--The security of society against the improvidence of its members--The administration of justice--Education completely free--The question of religious education--The state as protector of the child--Strict neutrality upon religious matters--A maximum of personal liberty with a minimum of restraint 277

CHAPTER X

THE MEANS OF REALIZATION

Impossible to tell definitely how the change will be brought about--Possible only to point out tendencies making for Socialism, and to show how the change _can_ be brought about--Marx's "catastrophe theory" a lapse into Utopian methods of thought--His deeper thought--Testimony of Liebknecht--Socialism not to be reached through a _coup de force_--The political changes necessary for Socialism--Tendencies making for socialization of industry--Monopolies, cooeperative societies, the vast extension of collectivism within the capitalist system--Confiscation or compensation?--Change to Socialism to be legal and gradual--Engels and Marx favored compensation--The widow's savings--Elimination of unearned incomes--Violence not necessary 323

INDEX 339

SOCIALISM

A SUMMARY AND INTERPRETATION OF

SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES

SOCIALISM

CHAPTER I