Chapter II: Part 2

The size of the wandering shrew varies from small in the subspecies _monticola_ and _vagrans_ to large in the subspecies _pacificus_. The tail makes up from a little more than a third to almost half of the total length. The color pattern ranges from tricolored through bicolored to almost monocolored. Color ranges from reddish (Sayal or Snuff Brown) to grayish in summer pelage and from black to light gray in winter. Diagnostic dental characters include: 3rd upper unicuspid smaller than 4th, and unicuspids, except 5th, with a pigmented ridge extending from near apex of each tooth medially to cingulum and sometimes ending as internal cusplet. _S. vagrans_ differs from members of the _ornatus_ group in less flattened skull, and in more ventrally situated foramen magnum that encroaches more on the basioccipital and less on the supraoccipital. The wandering shrew differs from _S. trowbridgii_ and _S. saussurei_ in the dental characters mentioned above. These dental characters also serve to distinguish _S. vagrans_ readily from _S. cinereus_, _S. merriami_, and _S. arcticus_ which may occur with _vagrans_. The large marsh shrew and water shrew, _S. palustris_ and _S. bendiri_, can be distinguished at a glance from _S. vagrans_ by larger size and darker color.

In the following treatment of the 29 subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_, the subspecies are arranged in geographic sequence, beginning with the southernmost large subspecies on the California coast and proceeding clockwise, north, east, south, and then west back to the starting point.

=Sorex vagrans sonomae= Jackson

_Sorex pacificus sonomae_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 2:162, August
19, 1921.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 19658, Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on July 2, 1913, by Alfred C. Shelton, from Gualala, on the Sonoma County side of the Gualala River, Sonoma Co., California.

_Range._--Coastal California from Point Reyes north to Point Arena.

_Diagnosis._--Size large; average and extreme measurements of 3 topotypes are: total length, 141.7 (141-143); tail, 59 (54-63); hind foot, 17 (17-17). Color reddish in summer, somewhat grayer in winter.

Guide to subspecies

1. _S. v. shumaginensis_
2. _S. v. obscurus_
3. _S. v. alascensis_
4. _S. v. soperi_
5. _S. v. isolatus_
6. _S. v. setosus_
7. _S. v. bairdi_
8. _S. v. permiliensis_
9. _S. v. yaquinae_
10. _S. v. pacificus_
11. _S. v. sonomae_
12. _S. v. longiquus_
13. _S. v. parvidens_
14. _S. v. monticola_
15. _S. v. neomexicanus_
16. _S. v. orizabae_
]

_Comparisons._--Differs from _S. v. pacificus_, with which it intergrades to the north, in average smaller size and somewhat darker color; differs from the sympatric _S. v. vagrans_ in much larger size and more reddish color in both summer and winter.

_Remarks._--This subspecies inhabits the Transition Life-zone below 300 feet, and occurs on moist ground in forests and beneath dense vegetation.

_Marginal records._--CALIFORNIA: Point Arena (Grinnell, 1933:82); Monte Rio (Jackson, 1928:144); Inverness (Grinnell, 1933:82).

=Sorex vagrans pacificus= Coues

_Sorex pacificus_ Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv.
Terr., 3 (3):650, May 15, 1877.

_Sorex pacificus pacificus_, Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 2:162,
August 19, 1921.

_Type._--Adult, sex unknown, skin and skull; No. 3266 U. S. Nat. Mus.; date of capture unknown; received from E. P. Vollum and catalogued on March 8, 1858; obtained at Ft. Umpqua, mouth of Umpqua River, Douglas Co., Oregon.

_Range._--Coast of California and Oregon from Mendocino north to Gardiner.

_Diagnosis._--Size large, largest of the species; average and extreme measurements of 8 specimens from Orick, Humboldt Co., California, are: total length, 143.1 (134-154); tail, 65.5 (59-72); hind foot, 17.5 (16-19). Color reddish in summer, browner or grayer in winter.

_Comparisons._--See account of _S. v. sonomae_ for comparison with that subspecies; averaging larger in all dimensions than _S. v. yaquinae_ with which it intergrades to the north; much larger and has more reddish than the sympatric _S. v. vagrans_.

_Remarks._--This subspecies occurs in the Canadian and Transition life-zones below 1500 ft. where there is found moist ground in or adjacent to heavy forests.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 76.

OREGON: _Douglas Co._: Umpqua, 1 BS. _Coos Co._: Marshfield, 1 BS; Myrtle Point, 1 BS. _Josephine Co._: Bolan Lake, 1 SGJ.

CALIFORNIA: _Del Norte Co._: Smith River, 2 BS; Gasquet, 4 BS; Crescent City, 17 BS. _Humboldt Co._: Orick, 13 BS; 1 mi. N Trinidad, 18 FC; Trinidad Head, 1 BS; Carson's Camp, Mad River, Humboldt Bay, 5 BS; Arcata, 3 BS; Cape Mendocino, 2 BS; 5 mi. S Dyerville, 1 BS. _Mendocino Co._: Mendocino, 6 BS.

_Marginal Records._--OREGON: Marshfield; Umpqua. CALIFORNIA: Gasquet; 5 mi. S Dyerville; Mendocino, thence up coast to point of beginning.

=Sorex vagrans yaquinae= Jackson

_Sorex yaquinae_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31:127,
November 29, 1918.

_Sorex pacificus yaquinae_, V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 55:364,
August 29, 1936.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 73051 U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll., obtained on July 18, 1895, by B. J. Bretherton, from Yaquina Bay, Lincoln Co., Oregon.

_Diagnosis._--Size large for the species; average and extreme external measurements of 11 specimens from Oakridge, Lane Co., Oregon, are: total length, 125.3 (11-136); tail, 55.1 (49-61); hind foot, 14.9 (14-16). Color reddish in summer, browner or grayer in winter.

_Comparisons._--See account of _S. v. pacificus_ for comparison with that subspecies. Larger and more reddish than _S. v. bairdi_ with which it intergrades to the north and east. Much larger and more reddish than the sympatric _S. v. vagrans_.

_Remarks._--The name _yaquinae_ actually applies to a population of intergrades between _pacificus_ and _bairdi_. There is much variation over the range of the subspecies, and individuals from the western and southern parts are larger than those from the west slope of the Cascades. Specimens from Vida and McKenzie Bridge are smaller than those from Mapleton, Mercer, and the type locality but still seem closer to _yaquinae_ than to topotypes of _bairdi_. Between Marshfield and Umpqua on the one hand, and the Columbia River and the Cascade Mountains on the other, the size of _Sorex vagrans_ decreases quite rapidly from the large_ pacificus_ to the smaller _permiliensis_. Size decreases less rapidly northward along the coast than it does eastward toward the mountains; consequently, at any given latitude, coastal shrews are larger than mountain shrews. In this area of rapid change in size it is difficult to draw subspecific boundaries between _pacificus_, _yaquinae_, and _bairdi_, and this must be done somewhat arbitrarily.

Jackson (1928:141) remarked upon the possibility that intergradation between _pacificus_ and _yaquinae_ took place. He noted also the close resemblance between _yaquinae_ and _bairdi_, and stated (_loc. cit._) that specific affinity between the two might be demonstrated with more specimens. He had a series of eight specimens from Vida, Oregon, seven of which he assigned to _S. o. bairdi_ and one to _yaquinae_. I have examined these specimens and find no more variation between the largest and the smallest than would be expected in any normally variable series of shrews. Vernon Bailey (1936:364) arranged _yaquinae_ as a subspecies of _pacificus_ without giving his reasons for so doing.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 65. OREGON: _Lincoln Co._: type locality, 2 AW. _Benton Co._: Philomath, 2 BS. _Lane Co._: Mable, 1 OU; Vida, 4 BS, 1 OSC, 3 OU; McKenzie Bridge, 8 OSC, 3 AW, 17 OU, 2 SGJ; Mercer, 1 OSC, 1 OU; Mapleton, 3 BS; Oakridge, 11 OU. _Douglas Co._: Gardiner, 2 BS; Elkhead, 1 BS. _Klamath Co._: Crescent Lake, 3 OU.

_Marginal Records._--OREGON: Yaquina Bay; _Philomath_; McKenzie Bridge; Prospect (Jackson, 1928:140); Crescent Lake; Gardiner.

=Sorex vagrans bairdi= Merriam

_Sorex bairdi_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:77, December 31,
1895.

_Sorex obscurus bairdi_, Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
31:127, November 29, 1918.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 17414/24318, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 2, 1889, by T. S. Palmer, from Astoria, Clatsop Co., Oregon.

_Range._--Northwestern Oregon, south to Otis and east to Portland.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme external measurements of 6 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 126.3 (124-130); tail, 55.0 (52-57); hind foot, 15.0 (14-15). Color Fuscous to Sepia in summer, darker in winter, underparts buffy.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _yaquinae_ see account of that subspecies. More reddish and larger than _permiliensis_ with which _bairdi_ intergrades to the east; specimens from Portland show evidence of such intergradation. Some specimens from southern Tillamook County show an approach to _yaquinae_.

_Remarks._--_S. v. bairdi_ lives primarily in forests as do _yaquinae_ and _pacificus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 39. OREGON: _Clatsop Co._: type locality, 12 BS; Seaside, 3 BS. _Tillamook Co._: Netarts, 1 OU; Tillamook, 2 OSC; Blaine, 1 AW; Hebo Lake, 1 SGJ; 5 mi. SW Cloverdale, 1 AW. _Multnomah Co._: Portland, 6 USNM. _Lincoln Co._: Otis, 7 USNM; Delake, 1 KU. _Lane Co._: north slope Three Sisters, 6000 ft., 4 BS.

_Marginal Records._--OREGON: type locality; Portland; north slope Three Sisters; Taft (Macnab and Dirks, 1941:178).

=Sorex vagrans permiliensis= Jackson

_Sorex obscurus permiliensis_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 31:128, November 29, 1918.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 91048, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on October 2, 1897, by J. A. Loring from Permilia Lake, W base Mt. Jefferson, Cascade Range, Marion Co., Oregon.

_Range._--The Cascade Mountains of Oregon from Mt. Jefferson north to the Columbia River.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 14 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 117.7 (110-124); tail, 51.9 (45-58); hind foot, 14.0 (14-15). Pale reddish in summer, darker and brownish in winter.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. bairdi_ see account of that subspecies. Larger than _S. v. setosus_ except tail relatively shorter. More reddish in summer pelage than _setosus_.

_Remarks._--_S. v. bairdi_ is larger in the southern part of its range than elsewhere. Specimens from McKenzie Bridge, herein referred to _yaquinae_, are intermediate in character between _yaquinae_ and _bairdi_ or between _yaquinae_ and _permiliensis_. The transition between _yaquinae_ and _bairdi_ is much more gradual than between _yaquinae_ and _permiliensis_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 21. OREGON: _Hood River Co._: Mt. Hood, 2 BS. _Wasco Co._: Camas Prairie, E base Cascade Mts., SE Mt. Hood, 1 BS. _Marion Co._: Detroit, 1 BS; type locality, 17 BS.

_Marginal Records._--OREGON: Mt. Hood; type locality; Detroit.

=Sorex vagrans setosus= Elliott

_Sorex setosus_ Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 32, zool.
ser. 1:274, May 19, 1899.

_Sorex obscurus setosus_, Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 31:127, November 29, 1918.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 6213/238, Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus.; obtained on August 18, 1898, by D. G. Elliott from Happy Lake, Olympic Mts., Clallam Co., Washington.

_Range._--Washington from the Cascades west; southwestern British Columbia west of 120 deg. W Longitude north to Lund.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 20 specimens from the Olympic Mountains, Washington, are: total length, 117.3 (107-125); tail, 49.8 (41-54); hind foot, 13.4 (12-14). Color dark in both summer and winter.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _permiliensis_ see account of that subspecies. Darker, longer-tailed, and somewhat larger cranially than _S. v. obscurus_ with which it intergrades in southwestern British Columbia. Smaller in all dimensions, but much the same color as _S. v. longicauda_ with which it intergrades along the British Columbian coast north of Lund. Larger, darker, less reddish, and longer-tailed than the sympatric _S. v. vagrans_.

_Remarks._--_S. v. setosus_ lives mostly in forests. According to Dalquest (1948:139) it is commonest at high altitudes in western Washington. In the Hudsonian Life-zone where shrew habitat is more restricted and marginal than it is at lower altitudes in the humid part of Washington, _setosus_ might be expected to compete with _S. v. vagrans_ and to supplant it. Records of occurrence in the Olympic Mountains suggest a degree of such separation there.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 135.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Lund, Malaspina Inlet, 4 BS; Gibson's Landing, 10 BS; Port Moody, 19 BS; Langley, 2 BS; Chilliwack, 1 BS; Manning Park, 2 PMBC.

WASHINGTON: _Whatcom Co._: Mt. Baker, 6 WSC; Barron, 1 BS. _Chelan Co._: Clovay Pass, 1 WSC; Stehekin, 6 (4 WSC, 2 BS); Cascade Tunnel, 1 WSC. _King Co._: Scenic, 1 WSC. _Kittitas Co._: Lake Kachess, 1 WSC; Easton, 10 BS. _Clallam Co._: 8 mi. W Sekin River, 1 WSC; mouth of Sekin River, 1 WSC; Clallam Bay, 1 CMNH; 7 mi. W Port Angeles, 1 WSC; Ozette Lake, 1 CMNH; 12 mi. S Port Angeles, 4 WSC; Forks, 1 CMNH; Deer Lake, 7 CMNH; Hoh Lake, 1 CMNH; Bogachiel Peak, 1 CMNH; Sol Duc Hot Springs, 3 CMNH; Sol Duc Park, 1 CMNH; Canyon Creek, 1 WSC; Sol Duc Divide, 2 WSC; Cat Creek, 2 WSC. _Jefferson Co._: Jackson Ranger Station, 1 CMNH; Mt. Kimta, 2 CMNH; Reflection Lake, 6 CMNH; Blue Glacier, 3 CMNH. _Gray's Harbor Co._: Westport, 1 WSC. _Pierce Co._: Fort Lewis, 1 FC; Mt. Rainier, 19 (16 BS, 3 WSC). _Pacific Co._: Tokeland, 2 BS. _Yakima Co._: Gotchen Creek, 3 WSC; Mt. Adams, 1 WSC. _Skamania Co._: Mt. St. Helens, 1.

OREGON: _Hood River Co._: 2 mi. W Parkdale, 2 BS.

_Marginal Records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA: Rivers Inlet (Anderson, 1947:20); _Agassiz_ (Jackson, 1928:136); Chilliwack Lake. WASHINGTON: Barron; Lyman Lake (Jackson, 1928:137); Mt. Stuart (Dalquest, 1948:141); Mt. Adams. OREGON: _2 mi. W Parkdale_. WASHINGTON: Ilwaco (Jackson, 1928:137); Lund, Malaspina Inlet.

=Sorex vagrans longicauda= Merriam

_Sorex obscurus longicauda_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:74,
December 31, 1895.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 74711, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on September 9, 1895 by C. P. Streator, from Wrangell, Alaska.

_Range._--The British Columbian and Alaskan coasts from Rivers Inlet north to near Juneau and also certain islands including Etolin, Gravina, Revillagigedo, Sergeif, and Wrangell.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species, tail relatively long; average and extreme measurements of 17 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 128.4 (122-138); tail, 57.8 (53-66); hind foot, 15.1 (14-16). Color dark in summer and winter.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. setosus_ see account of that subspecies. Larger and darker than _S. v. obscurus_ with which it intergrades east of the humid coastal region; larger and darker than _S. v. alascensis_ with which it intergrades in the Lynn Canal area; larger and darker than _S. v. calvertensis_ which occurs on Calvert Island and Banks Island, British Columbia; differs from _S. v. insularis_ of Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands in larger size and blackish rather than brown winter pelage; larger and relatively longer-tailed than _S. v. elassodon_ which occurs on most of the islands west of the range of _longicauda_; larger and relatively longer-tailed than _S. v. isolatus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 151.

ALASKA: Wrangell, 54 BS; 8 AMNH; Crittenden Creek, 1 BS; Ketchikan, 2 BS; Loring, 11 BS.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Port Simpson, 25 BS; Inverness, 15 BS; head of Rivers Inlet, 35 BS.

_Marginal Records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA: Great Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:133). ALASKA: Burroughs Bay (_ibid._). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Bella Coola region (Anderson, 1947:19); head of Rivers Inlet; Spider Island (Cowan, 1941:101); Goose Island (Cowan, 1941:99); Princess Royal Island (Cowan, 1941:98); Pitt Island (_ibid._); Metlakatla (Jackson, 1928:133); Port Simpson. ALASKA: Gravina Island (_ibid._); Helm Bay (_ibid._); Etolin Island (_ibid._); Sergeif Island, mouth of Stikine River (_ibid._); Sumdum Village (_ibid._); Port Snettisham (_ibid._).

=Sorex vagrans mixtus= Hall

_Sorex obscurus mixtus_ Hall, American Nat., 72:462, September
10, 1938.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 70376, Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 4, 1936, by R. A. Cumming, from Vanada, Texada Island, Georgia Strait, British Columbia.

_Range._--Known only from the type locality.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 specimens from the type locality are: total length, 111 (108-117); tail, 48 (44-49); hind foot, 12 (12-13) (Hall, 1938:463).

_Comparisons._--Color much as in _S. v. setosus_ or _S. v. isolatus_; palate longer than that of _isolatus_ or _setosus_; hind foot shorter than either; smaller than _S. v. longicauda_.

=Sorex vagrans isolatus= Jackson

_Sorex obscurus isolatus_ Jackson, Jour. Washington Acad.
Sci., 12:263, June 14, 1922.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 177719, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on May 21, 1911, by Alexander Wetmore from mouth of Millstone Creek, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

_Range._--Vancouver Island.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; measurements of two from the type locality are: total length, 113, 118; tail, 48, 49; hind foot, 14, 14. Dark in summer and winter, underparts brownish.

_Comparisons._--Smaller than _S. v. setosus_ but color much the same; resembles _S. v. obscurus_ in size and cranial characters but darker in all pelages; similar in color to _S. v. vancouverensis_ with which _isolatus_ is sympatric but with longer tail, longer hind feet, broader rostrum and larger teeth. For comparison with _S. v. mixtus_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--_S. v. isolatus_ and _S. v. vancouverensis_ seemingly approach one another morphologically more closely than do any other pair of sympatric subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_. The exceptions may be _S. v. vagrans_ and _S. v. obscurus_ which are geographically sympatric in a few places although they may be ecologically separated.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 9. BRITISH COLUMBIA, Vancouver Island: Nanaimo, 3 BS; Barclay Sound, 1 AMNH; Goldstream, 5 BS.

_Marginal Records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA, Vancouver Island. (Anderson, 1947:19): Cape Scott; Victoria.

=Sorex vagrans insularis= Cowan

_Sorex obscurus insularis_ Cowan, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
54:103, July 31, 1941.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 3110, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on August 24, 1938, by T. T. and E. B. McCabe from Smythe Island, Bardswell Group, British Columbia.

_Range._--Smythe, Townsend, and Reginald islands, British Columbia.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 50 specimens from within the range of the subspecies are: total length, 122.3 (111-134); tail 52.6 (46-58); hind foot, 14.6 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:107).

_Comparisons._--Smaller externally and cranially than _S. v. longicauda_ and brown instead of blackish or grayish in winter pelage. Skull broader than that of _S. v. calvertensis_ and color brown rather than blackish or grayish in winter pelage.

_Remarks._--_S. v. insularis_ occurs together with _S. cinereus_ on Townsend and Smythe islands. _S. vagrans_ far outnumbered the cinereus shrew (Cowan, 1941:96).

_Records of occurrence._--BRITISH COLUMBIA (Cowan, 1941:104): Smythe Island, Townsend Island, Reginald Island.

=Sorex vagrans calvertensis= Cowan

_Sorex obscurus calvertensis_ Cowan, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 54:103, July 31, 1941.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 1947, Prov. Mus. British Columbia; obtained on July 14, 1937, by T. T. and E. T. McCabe from Safety Cove, Calvert Island, British Columbia.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 13 specimens from Calvert Island are: total length, 121.6 (109-129); tail, 54.0 (52-58); hind foot, 14.7 (13-15) (Cowan, 1941:106). Blackish or grayish in winter pelage.

_Comparisons._--Smaller externally and cranially and paler in winter and summer than _S. v. longicauda_; for comparisons with _S. v. insularis_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks_.--_S. v. calvertensis_ seems to be the only shrew on Calvert and Banks islands.

_Records of occurrence._--BRITISH COLUMBIA (Cowan, 1941:103): Safety Cove, Calvert Island; Larson Harbor, Banks Island.

_Marginal Records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA: Larson Harbor, Banks Island; type locality.

=Sorex vagrans malitiosus= Jackson

_Sorex obscurus malitiosus_ Jackson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
32:23, April 11, 1919.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 8401; Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 21, 1909, by H. S. Swarth from east side of Warren Island, Alaska.

_Range._--Warren and Coronation islands, Alaska.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 5 topotypes are: total length, 129.8 (126-135); tail, 56.4 (53-61); hind foot, 15.4 (15-16). Color brownish in summer, brownish rather than blackish in winter.

_Comparisons._--Somewhat more brownish than _S. v. longicauda_ but resembling it in size; skull slightly more flattened and rostrum broader. Larger than _S. v. elassodon_. Larger and relatively longer-tailed than _S. v. alascensis_.

_Records of occurrence._--ALASKA (Jackson, 1928:130): Warren Island; Coronation Island.

=Sorex vagrans elassodon= Osgood

_Sorex longicauda elassodon_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35,
September 26, 1901.

_Sorex obscurus elassodon_, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus. Publ.
105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100597, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on June 13, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from Cumshewa Inlet, near old Indian village of Clew, Moresby Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.

_Range._--Alaskan and British Columbian islands from Admiralty Island south to Moresby Island.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; average and extreme measurements of 4 from the type locality are: total length, 126, (119-131); tail, 53.5 (52-55); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Color dark.

1. _Sorex vagrans malitiosus_
2. _Sorex vagrans elassodon_
3. _Sorex vagrans prevostensis_
4. _Sorex vagrans calvertensis_
5. _Sorex vagrans insularis_
6. _Sorex vagrans longicauda_
7. _Sorex vagrans obscurus_
]

_Comparisons._--Smaller with relatively smaller tail and hind feet than _S. v. longicauda_, but resembling it in color. Smaller and paler than _S. v. prevostensis_ with relatively narrower rostrum. Larger, darker, and with relatively longer tail than _S. v. obscurus_. Resembles _S. v. alascensis_ but hind foot smaller and skull relatively narrower. Smaller than _S. v. malitiosus_.

_Remarks._--In the northern part of its range _S. v. elassodon_ occurs with _Sorex cinereus_. In the southern part it is the only shrew present.

_Specimens examined._--Total number 93.

ALASKA: near Killisnoo, Admiralty Island, 2 BS; Kupreanof Island, 15 BS; Petersburg, Mitkof Island, 10 BS; Woewodski Island, 4 AMNH; Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island, 18 BS.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Cumshewa Inlet, Moresby Island, 25 BS; Massett, Graham Island, 6 BS; Queen Charlotte Islands, 13 AMNH.

_Marginal Records._--ALASKA: Hawk Inlet, Admiralty Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kupreanof Island; Mitkof Island; St. John Harbor, Zarembo Island (Jackson, 1928:131); Kasaan Bay, Prince of Wales Island; Duke Island (Jackson, 1928:131). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Massett, Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands; type locality; Langara Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (Jackson, 1928:131). ALASKA: Forrester Island (_ibid._); Rocky Bay, Dall Island (_ibid._); Shakan (really on Kosciusko Island) (_ibid._); Point Baker (_ibid._); Kuiu Island (_ibid._); Port Conclusion, Baranof Island (_ibid._).

=Sorex vagrans prevostensis= Osgood

_Sorex longicauda prevostensis_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:35,
September 26, 1901.

_Sorex obscurus prevostensis_, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus.
Publ. 105, zool. ser. 6:450, 1905.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100618, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 3, 1900, by W. H. Osgood from north end of Prevost Island (Kunghit Island on some maps) on coast of Houston Stewart Channel, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.

_Range._--Known only from the type locality.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium; measurements of two specimens from the type locality are: total length, 132, 142; tail, 53, 59; hind foot, 14, 15. Color dark.

_Comparisons._--Larger and darker than _S. v. elassodon_. Resembles _S. v. longicauda_ but darker, tail relatively somewhat shorter on the average and rostrum relatively slightly broader.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 14. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Prevost Island, Queen Charlotte Group, 14 BS.

=Sorex vagrans alascensis= Merriam

_Sorex obscurus alascensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:76,
December 31, 1895.

_Sorex glacialis_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 2:16,
March 14, 1900, type from Point Gustavus, east side of
entrance to Glacier Bay, Alaska.

_S[orex]. alascensis_, Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,
2:18, March 14, 1900.

_[Sorex glacialis] alascensis_, Elliott, Field Columb. Mus.
Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:372, 1901.

_Sorex alascensis alascensis_, Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull.,
79:16, December 31, 1912.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 73539, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 10, 1895, by C. P. Streator from Yakutat, Alaska.

_Range._--The coast of southern Alaska from the vicinity of Juneau west to include eastern part of the Kenai Peninsula.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 specimens from 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N of Haines, Alaska, are: total length, 110 (104-128); tail, 45.4 (41-52); hind foot, 14 (14-14). Color grayish brown.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. longicauda_ and _S. v. elassodon_ see accounts of those subspecies. Resembles _S. v. obscurus_ in color but differs in larger skull, longer hind foot and in somewhat darker color. Larger and darker than _S. v. shumaginensis_; the two intergrade near the base of the Kenai Peninsula.

_Remarks._--This subspecies is transitional between the large, usually dark subspecies of the southeastern Alaskan and British Columbian coast and islands, and the smaller, paler subspecies of western and interior Alaska. There seem to be no sharp breaks between _alascensis_ and _shumaginesis_. North of Haines, Alaska, size of shrews decreases in a short distance across a narrow intergradational zone between _alascensis_ and _obscurus_. Throughout most of its range _S. v. alascensis_ occurs with _Sorex cinereus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 88.

ALASKA: Orca, 1 BS; Montague Island, Prince William Sound, 2 BS; Yakutat, 8 BS; north shore Yakutat Bay, 2 BS; Yakutat Bay, 1 BS; E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 12 KU; 1 mi. S Haines, 5 ft., 10 KU; 7 mi. SSE Haines, 10 ft., 2 KU; N end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 6 KU; SE end Sullivan Island, 10 ft., 2 KU; Glacier Bay, 3 BS; Mendenhall River, 1 BS; Juneau, 36 BS.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Sheslay River, 1 AMNH; headwaters Sheslay River, 1 AMNH.

_Marginal Records._--ALASKA: Valdez Narrows, Prince William Sound (Jackson, 1928:128); north shore Yakutat Bay; east side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Sheslay River (Jackson, 1928:128). ALASKA: Juneau; Glacier Bay; Montague Island, Prince William Sound (ibid.); Port Nell Juan (ibid.).

=Sorex vagrans shumaginensis= Merriam

_Sorex alascensis shumaginensis_ Merriam, Proc. Washington
Acad. Sci., 2:18, March 14, 1900.

[_Sorex glacialis_] _shumaginensis_, Elliott, Field Columb.
Mus. Publ. 45, zool. ser. 2:373, 1901.

_Sorex obscurus shumaginensis_, Allen, Bull. American Mus.
Nat. Hist., 16:228, July 12, 1902.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 97993, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on July 17, 1899, by De Alton Saunders from Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, Alaska. (Measured by C. Hart Merriam and numbered 2210 in A. K. Fisher's catalog.)

_Range._--Southwestern Alaska from Seward Peninsula southeasterly to western part of Kenai Peninsula and southwesterly to the southwestern end of the Alaskan Peninsula.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 6 specimens from King Cove, Alaska, are: total length, 112.7 (107-118); tail, 48.3 (45-52); hind foot, 13.8 (13-14). Tending toward the development of a tricolor pattern, the back darkest, the sides buffy, and the venter paler.

_Comparisons._--Paler and more definitely tricolored than _S. v. obscurus_; also with relatively shorter palate, narrower rostrum and smaller teeth. For comparison with _S. v. alascensis_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--_S. v. shumaginensis_ occurs together with _Sorex cinereus_ over much of southwestern Alaska. Part of the range of _shumaginensis_ falls within the tundra of the Arctic Life-zone. This may be a partial explanation of the tricolored pattern of the animal. _Sorex tundrensis_, _S. cinereus ugyunak_, and _S. cinereus haydeni_, shrews which dwell mostly in treeless areas, are markedly tricolored, or bicolored. _Sorex arcticus_, however, although tricolored, is found in forested areas.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 340. ALASKA: Sawtooth Mts., Nome River, 2 AMNH; Nulato, 5 BS; St. Michaels, 1 BS; Bethel, 7 BS; Aniak, 1 BS; Skeventna River, 1 BS; 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. NE Anchorage, 1 KU; Tyonek River, 48 BS; Hope, 15 BS; Hope, Mts. near, 13 BS; Moose Camp, 3 AMNH; Kenai Peninsula, 24 AMNH; Kakwok River, 80 mi. up, 1 BS; Kakhtul River, 5 BS; Kakwok, 3 BS; Goodnews Bay, 1 BS; Lake Aleknagik, 6 BS; Nushagak River, 25 mi. above Nushagak, 1 BS; Dillingham, 1 BS; Nushagak Village, 15 BS; Homer, 1 AMNH; Kenai Mts., 37 AMNH; Seldovia, 24 AMNH; Barabor, 1 AMNH; Caribou Camp, 7 AMNH; Ugagik River, 3 BS; Becharof Lake, 8 BS; Cold Bay, 14 BS; Kanatak, Portgage Bay, 4 BS; Chignik, 6 BS; Moller Bay, 1 BS; Alaska Peninsula, near Popof Island, 6 AMNH; Frosty Peak, 15 BS; Morzhovoi Bay, 7 BS; Ungu Island, 3 BS; Sand Point, Popof Island, 45 AMNH; Popof Island, 3 BS.

_Marginal Records._--ALASKA: Nome River; Nulato; Kuskokwim River, 200 mi. above Bethel, Crooked Creek (Jackson, 1928:126); 6 mi. WSW Snowshoe Lake; Seldovia; mts. near Hope; Morhzovoi Bay; thence along coast to St. Michael.

=Sorex vagrans obscurus= Merriam

_Sorex vagrans similis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:34, July
31, 1891, _nec. S. similis_ Hensel, Zeitschr. der Deutsch.
Geolog. Gesellsch., 7:459, 1855 (= _Neomys similis_).

_Sorex obscurus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:72, December 31,
1895, new name for _Sorex vagrans similis_ Merriam.

_Sorex obscurus obscurus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
79:15, December 31, 1912.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 23525/30943, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 26, 1890, by Vernon Bailey and B. H. Dutcher from near Timber Creek, 8200 ft., Lemhi Mts., 10 mi. SSW Junction (now Leadore), Lemhi Co., Idaho.

_Range._--Mountainous interior of western North America from central Alaska east across Yukon and southwestern Northwest Territories to northeastern Alberta, south in the mountains through north-central and western Washington, Idaho, western Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado, into northern New Mexico.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium to small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 9 topotypes are: total length, 110.3 (105-117); tail, 46.4 (42-50); hind foot, 13.1 (12.5-13.5). Color grayish or brownish gray in summer, light grayish in winter.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _S. v. setosus_, _S. v. longicauda_, _S. v. alascensis_ and _S. v. shumaginensis_ see accounts of those subspecies. Paler and slightly larger than S. v. soperi. Larger than the subspecies from central Montana herein described as new. Smaller than _S. v. neomexicanus_. Averaging larger in all dimensions than _S. v. monticola_ with which _obscurus_ intergrades in northern New Mexico and northern Arizona. Larger than _S. v. vagrans_ with more grayish rather than reddish fresh summer pelage and light gray rather than dark grayish-black fresh winter pelage.

_Remarks._--Intergradation of _S. v. obscurus_ with _S. v. setosus_, _S. v. longicauda_, _S. v. alascensis_, and the new subspecies from Montana takes place in the usual way with specimens from intermediate localities being intermediate in size and color. However the relationship of _S. v. obscurus_ and _S. v. vagrans_ (as the latter subspecies is defined in this study) is rather complicated. In southern British Columbia where the two subspecies come together a situation of remarkable complexity prevails. Series from some localities seem to represent intergrades between _obscurus_ and _vagrans_; from other localities some specimens seem to be referable to one and some to the other subspecies; from other localities all specimens seem referable to one subspecies. A similar situation is seen in specimens from northeastern Washington, northern and central Idaho, and extreme western Montana. The region mentioned is one of extensive interfingering of life-zones. In southern British Columbia the main axes of the rivers, valleys and mountain ranges are north and south. Most of the valleys are in the Transition Life-zone; the forests are rather dry and of pine with more or less isolated hydrosere communities about streams and ponds. These hydrosere situations are the habitat of _Sorex vagrans_. Shrews from these situations are usually referable to _vagrans_. The high ridges and mountain ranges are usually in the Canadian Life-zone or higher and most of the shrews referable to _obscurus_ come from such places. Marginal localities with regard to life-zone produce most of the populations which seem to represent intergrades between the two subspecies. Isolated areas of Canadian Life-zone, even though surrounded with Transition Life-zone, often harbor a population of _obscurus_, whereas the streams in the nearby dry valleys harbor populations of _vagrans_. Farther south in the Rocky Mountain chain, _obscurus_ seemingly intergrades regularly with _vagrans_. This intergradation is seen in populations from several localities in Utah. There the lower elevations west of the Wasatch and Uinta mountains are inhabited by _S. v. vagrans_, the higher elevations by _obscurus_ and where the ranges of the two abut intergrading populations occur. In these series of intergrades there are specimens which, using size as a subspecific criterion, would unhesitatingly be assigned, as individuals, to _obscurus_, and others would be assigned to _vagrans_, but these individuals represent extremes of a normally variable population. At Cuddy Mountain, Idaho, the two subspecies seemingly abut without intergradation; anyhow the available specimens from this locality are referable to one or the other subspecies and none is intermediate. The situation just described understandably has been the source of much anguish to students who sought to identify shrews from the Rocky Mountains. The reason for the relationship just described has been discussed at length in a previous section.

In the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado the subspecies _S. v. obscurus_ ranges almost uninterruptedly over relatively large areas, but southward in New Mexico and southwestward into Utah and Arizona, suitable boreal habitat becomes insular in nature and obscurus there is confined to the higher mountains. With one exception, once the shrew populations become 'insular' in this region they become smaller and show intergradation with _Sorex vagrans monticola_. The exception is the population in the Sacramento Mountains of southeastern New Mexico which is larger than _obscurus_ and has been rightly recognized as a distinct subspecies, _neomexicanus_.

Almost without exception the range of typical _Sorex vagrans obscurus_ is sympatric with that of _Sorex cinereus_, usually the subspecies _S. c. cinereus_. So close is this correspondence that the presence of _S. cinereus_ comes near to being a useful aid in identifying _S. v. obscurus_. In areas where individuals of _obscurus_ show intergradation with _vagrans_, _Sorex cinereus_ is absent or rare. The implication is that as the species _S. vagrans_ approaches the size of the species S. cinereus, competition between the two increases with resultant displacement of _cinereus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 982.

ALASKA: Wahoo Lake, 69 deg. 08' N, 146 deg. 58' W, 2350 ft., 2 KU; Chandler Lake, 68 deg. 12' N, 152 deg. 45' W, 2900 ft., 1 KU; Bettles, 1 KU, 5 BS; Alatna, 1 BS; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle, 1 BS; Tanana, 1 BS; Mountains near Eagle, 18 BS; Richardson, 8 BS; head of Toklat River, 11 BS; Savage River, 8 BS.

YUKON: MacMillan Pass, Mile 282, Canol Road, 1 NMC; MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 1 NMC; S. fork MacMillan River, Mile 249, Canol Road, 2 NMC; Sheldon Lake, Mile 222, Canol Road, 5 NMC; Rose River, Mile 95, Canol Road, 1 NMC; McIntyre Creek, 3 mi. NW Whitehorse, 2250 ft. 1 KU; Nisutlin River, Mile 40, Canol Road, 6 NMC; SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2 KU; 3 mi. E and 1-1/2 mi. S Dalton Post, 2500 ft., 1 KU.

MACKENZIE: Nahanni River Mtns., Mackenzie River, 1 BS; Fort Simpson, 3 BS; Fort Resolution, Mission Island, 1 BS.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: W. side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake, 1 KU; Stonehouse Creek, 5-1/2 mi. W jct. Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4 KU; Bennett City, 6 BS; Wilson Creek, Atlin, 1 PMBC; McDame Post, Dease River, 6 BS; McDame Creek, 3 BS; Hot Springs, 3 mi. WNW jct. Trout River and Liard River, 1 KU; NW side Muncho Lake, 1 KU; Little Tahtlan River, 1 AMNH; Junction (4 mi. N Telegraph Creek), 7 BS; Raspberry Creek, 16 AMNH; Klappan River Valley, 1 BS; Chapa-atan River, 4 BS; Fort Grahame, 3 BS; Kispiox Valley, 23 mi. N Hazleton, 1 BS; Bear Lake, site of Fort Connully, 2 BS; Tetana Lake, 1 PMBC; Hudson Hope, 2 BS; Charlie Lake, 3 PMBC; Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft., 1 BS; Big Salmon River (S branch near Canyon), 1 BS; Ootsa Lake, 2 PMBC; Indianpoint Lake, 4 PMBC; Barkerville, 7 BS; Yellowhead Lake, 2 NMC, 1 PMBC; N. fork Moose River, 1 BS; Moose Lake, 2 BS; Moose Pass, 1 BS; Glacier, 7 AMNH, 12 BS; Golden, 1 BS; Field, 2 BS; Caribou Lake, near Kamloops, 2 BS; Sicamous, 1 BS; Monashee Pass, 4 PMBC; Paradise Mine, 3 PMBC; Level Mtn., 4 AMNH; 6 mi. S Nelson, 6 BS; Morrissey, 5 NMC; Wall Lake, 1 BS.

ALBERTA: Hays Camp, Slave River, Wood Buffalo Park, 1 NMC; Kinuso, Assineau River, 1920 ft., 2 KU; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing, 8 BS; Smokey Valley, 50 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Sulfur Prairie, Grande Cache River, 3 BS; Stoney River, 35 mi. N Jasper House, 1 BS; Moose Mtn., 1 NMC; Rodent Valley, 25 mi. W Henry House, 1 BS; Henry House, 3 BS; Jasper, 2 NMC; Shovel Pass, 4 NMC; mouth of Cavell Creek, Jasper Park, 1 NMC; 11 mi. S Henry House, 2 BS; 15 mi. S Henry House, 1 BS; Red Deer River, 1 AMNH; 27 mi. W Banff, 3 NMC; 12 mi. WNW Banff, 4500 ft., 1 NMC; N. Fork Saskatchewan River, 5000 ft., 1 NMC; Cypress Hills, 1 NMC; Waterton Lakes Park, 53 NMC.

SASKATCHEWAN: Cypress Hills, 21 NMC.

WASHINGTON: _Okanogan Co._: Pasayten River, 1 BS; Bauerman Ridge, 1 BS; Conconully, 2 BS. _Pend Oreille Co._: 2 mi. N Gypsy Meadows, 2 WSC; Round Top Mtn., 1 WSC; head Pass Creek, 1. _Chelan Co._: Stehekin, 4 BS; head Lake Chelan, 4 BS; Wenatchee, 1 BS. _Kittitas Co._: Easton, 10 BS.

IDAHO: _Boundary Co._: Cabinet Mtns., E Priest Lake, 2 BS. _Adams Co._: 1/2 mi. E Black Lake, 1 KU; 1 mi. N Bear Creek R. S., SW slope Smith Mtn., 2 KU. _Washington Co._: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 4 KU. _Lemhi Co._: 10 mi. SSW Leadore (type locality), 4 BS; 5 FC. _Fremont Co._: 7 mi. W West Yellowstone, 4 KU. _Custer Co._: head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mtns., 1 BS. _Blaine Co._: Perkins Lake, 1 KU. _Bear Lake Co._:--_Caribou Co._ line: Preuss Mts., 1 BS.

MONTANA: _Glacier Co._: Sherburne Lake, 3 UM; 2-1/2 mi. W and 1-1/2 mi. S Babb, 1 KU; St. Mary's, 6 UM; St. Mary Lakes, 9 BS; Fish Creek, 2 BS; Gunsight Lake, 2 BS. _Flathead Co._: Nyack, 3 UM, 1 BS; 1 mi. W and 2 mi. S Summit, 1 KU. _Ravalli Co._: 8 mi. NE Stevensville, 3 BS; Sula, 1 BS. _Meagher Co._: Big Belt Mtns., Camas Creek, 4 mi. S Fort Logan, 7 BS. _Gallatin Co._: West Gallatin River, 4 BS. _Park Co._: Emmigrant Gulch, 3 mi. SE Chico, 2 BS; Beartooth Mtns., 2 BS; _Carbon Co._: Pryor Mtns., 2 BS.

WYOMING: _Yellowstone Nat'l Park_: Mammoth Hot Springs, 11 BS; Tower Falls, 1 BS; Astringent Creek, 1 BS; Flat Mtn., 1 BS; Yellowstone Park, 1 UM. _Park Co._: Beartooth Lake, 15 BS; SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 1 KU; Pahaska Tepee, 6300 ft., 8 BS; Pahaska, mouth Grinnell Creek, 15 BS; Pahaska, Grinnell Creek, 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; 25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 1 KU; Valley, Absaroka Mts., 14 BS; Needle Mtn., 2 BS. _Big Horn Co._: 28 mi. E Lovell, 9000 ft., 12 KU; head Trapper's Creek, W slope Bighorn Mtns., 7 BS; 17-1/2 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S Shell, 1 KU. _Teton Co._: Two Ocean Lake, 6 FC; Emma Matilda Lake, 2 BS; 1 mi. N Moran, 1 FC; 2-1/2 mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Moran, 6230 ft., 2 KU; Moran, 7 FC, 1 KU; 2-1/2 mi. E Moran, 6220 ft., 1 KU; 1 mi. S Moran, 1 FC; 3-3/4 mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, 9 KU; 7 mi. S Moran, 3 FC; Timbered Island, 14 mi. N Moose, 6750 ft., 3 KU; Bar BC Ranch, 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 6500 ft., 1 KU; Beaver Dick Lake, 1 UM; Teton Mtns., Moose Creek, 6800 ft., 9 BS; Teton Mtns., S Moose Creek, 10,000 ft., 3 BS; Teton Pass, above Fish Creek, 7200 ft., 15 BS; Whetstone Creek, 4 UM; Flat Creek-Gravel Creek Divide, 2 UM; Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 1 UM; Jackson, 3 KU, 2 UM. _Fremont Co._: Togwotee Pass, 5 FC; Jackey's Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois, 1 BS; Milford, 5400 ft., 2 KU; Mosquito Park R. S. 17-1/2 mi. W and 2-1/2 mi. N Lander, 1 KU; 17 mi. S and 6-1/2 mi. W Lander, 9300 ft., 1 KU; Mocassin Lake, 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 23-1/2 mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8600 ft., 1 KU; Green Mts., 8 mi. E Rongis, 8000 ft., 4 BS. _Washakie Co._: 9 mi. E and 5 mi. N Tensleep, 7400 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7000 ft., 2 KU. _Lincoln Co._: Salt River Mtns., 10 mi. SE Afton, 5 BS; Labarge Creek, 9000 ft., 1 BS. _Sublette Co._: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8025 ft., 3 KU; Surveyor's Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale, 8000 ft., 2 BS; N. side Half Moon Lake, 7900 ft., 1 KU; 2-1/2 mi. NE Pinedale, 7500 ft., 2 KU. _Natrona Co._: Rattlesnake Mts., 7000-7500 ft., 18 BS; Casper Mts., 7 mi. S Casper, 6 BS. _Converse Co._: 21-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 7 KU; 22 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 4 KU; 22-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 2 KU. _Uinta Co._: 1 mi. N Fort Bridger, 6650 ft., 1 KU; Fort Bridger, 3 KU; Evanston, 1 BS; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E Robertson, 8600 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8700 ft., 3 KU; 10-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 8900 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 1 mi. E Robertson, 9000 ft., 1 KU; 13 mi. S and 2 mi E Robertson, 9200 ft., 1 KU. _Carbon Co._: Ferris Mts., 7800 to 8500 ft., 13 BS; Shirley Mts., 7600 ft., 7 BS; Bridget's Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7500 ft., 2 KU; 10 mi. N and 12 mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 1 KU; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 6 KU; 9-1/2 mi. N and 11-1/2 mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 2 KU; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Encampment, 6500 ft., 1 KU; 9 mi. N and 8 mi. E Encampment, 7000 ft., 1 KU; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 3 KU; 8 mi. N and 14-1/2 mi. E Encampment, 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 4 KU; 8 mi. N and 21-1/2 mi. E Encampment, 9400 ft., 2 KU; S. base Bridger's Peak, 8800 ft., Sierra Madre Mts., 3 BS; 8 mi. N and 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8800 ft., 2 KU; 7 mi. N and 17 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6-1/2 mi. N and 16 mi. E Savery, 8300 ft., 1 KU; 6 mi. N and 15 mi. E Savery, 8500 ft., 1 KU; 5 mi. N and 10-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8000 ft., 2 KU; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8800 ft., 1 KU. _Albany Co._: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 6300 ft., 10 BS; Laramie Peak, N. slope, 8000 to 8800 ft., 7 BS; Bear Creek, 3 mi. SW Laramie Peak, 7500 ft., 6 BS; 2-1/2 mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,500 ft., 2 KU; 3 mi. ESE Brown's Peak, 10,000 ft., 1 KU; 27 mi. N and 5 mi. E Laramie, 6960 ft., 2 KU; 1 mi. SSE Pole Mtn., 8350 ft., 3 KU; 2 mi. SW Pole Mtn., 3 KU; 3 mi. S Pole Mtn., 8100 ft., 2 KU; 8-3/4, mi. E and 6-1/2 mi. S Laramie, 8200 ft., 2 KU; Woods P. O., 1 BS. _Laramie Co._: 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 7200 ft., 2 KU.

UTAH: _Weber Co._: Mt. Willard, Weber-Box Elder Co. line, 9768 ft., 2 UU. _Salt Lake Co._: Butterfield Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8700 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8750 ft., 8 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9000 ft., 2 UU; Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 9500 ft., 1 UU. _Summit Co._: Jct. Bear River and East Fork, 2 CM; Smith and Morehouse Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 UU; Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft., 1 UU. _Daggett Co._: Jct. Deep and Carter creeks, 7900 ft., 1 UU. _Utah Co._: Nebo Mtn., 1 mi. E Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 1 UU; Nebo Mts., 12 mi. SE Payson Lake, 1 UU. _Wasatch Co._: Current Creek, Uinta Mts., 1 BS; Wasatch Mts., 1 BS. _Uintah Co._: Paradise Park, 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, Uinta Mts., 10,050 ft., 2 CM, 3 KU; Paradise Park, Uinta Mts., 10,100 ft., 6 UU. _Sanpete Co._: Manti, 3 BS. _Sevier Co._: 7 mi. Creek, 20 mi. SE Salina, 5 CM; Fish Lake Plateau, 2 BS. _Emery Co._: Lake Creek, 11 mi. E Mt. Pleasant, 4 CM. _Grand Co._: Warner R. S., La Sal Mts., 9750 ft., 2 UU; La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft., 1 BS. _Beaver Co._: Puffer Lake, Beaver Mts., 2 BS. _Wayne Co._: Elkhorn G. S., Fish Lake Plateau, 14 mi. N Torrey, 9400 ft., 3 UU. _Garfield Co._: Wildcat R. S., Boulder Mtn., 8700 ft., 6 UU; 18 mi. N Escalante, 9500 ft., 1 UU. _Washington Co._: Pine Valley Mts., 7 BS. _San Juan Co._: Geyer Pass, 18 mi. SSE Moab, 3 CM; Cooley, 8 mi. W Monticello, 3 CM.

COLORADO: _Larimer Co._: Poudre River, 1 KU. _Rio Blanco Co._: 9-1/2 mi. SW Pagoda Peak, 2 KU. _Grand Co._: Arapaho Pass, Rabbit Ears Mts., 2 BS. _Boulder Co._: Willow Park, Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park, 8 UM; Longs Peak, 1 BS; 3/4 mi. N and 2 mi. W Allenspark, 8400 ft., 5 KU; Ward, 9500 ft., 1 BS; Buchanan Pass, 1 BS; 3 mi. S Ward, 1 KU; 7 mi. NW Nederland, 1 KU; 5 mi. W Boulder, 3 BS; Boulder, 3 BS, 1 ChM; Nederland, 6 BS, 4 ChM; Eldora, 1 BS. _Garfield Co._: Baxter Pass, 8500 ft., 2 BS. _Eagle Co._: Gores Range, 1 BS. _Gilpen Co._: Black Hawk, 1 BS. _Lake Co._: 3 mi. W Twin Lakes, 2 KU; 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Leadville, 1 KU. _Gunnison Co._: 2 mi. W Gothic, 2 FC; Copper Lake, 2 FC; Gothic, 1 FC. _Chaffee Co._: St. Elmo, 10,100 ft., 2 BS; E side Monarch Pass, 7 mi. W Salida, 2 ChM. _Teller Co._: Glen Core, Pikes Peak, 2 UM. _El Paso Co._: Hunters Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek, 7250-7400 ft., 1 AMNH. _Montrose Co._: Uncomphagre Plateau, 8500 ft., 3 BS. _Saguache Co._: 3 mi. N and 16 mi. W Saguache, 8500 ft., 2 KU; Cochetopa Pass, 10,000 ft., 4 KU; Monshower Meadows, 27 mi. W Saguache, 2 BS. _San Juan Co._: Silverton, 4 BS. _Mineral Co._: 23 mi. S and 11 mi. E Creede, 1 KU. _Costilla Co._: Fort Garland, 2 BS. _Huerfano Co._: 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps, 8 KU.

NEW MEXICO: _Taos Co._: 3 mi. N Red River, 2 BS; Taos, 1 BS. _Colfax Co._: 1 mi. S and 2 mi. E Eagle Nest, 8100 ft., 2 KU. _Sandoval Co._: Jemez Mts., 3 BS. _Santa Fe Co._: Hyde Park, 5 mi. NE Santa Fe, 2 HC; Santa Fe Field Station, 1 HC; Santa Fe Ski Basin, 1 KU; Pecos Baldy, 4 BS. _Torrance Co._: Manzano Mts., 2 BS.

_Marginal Records._--ALASKA: Chandler Lake, 68 deg. 12' N, 152 deg. 45' W; Yukon River, 20 mi. above Circle; Mountains near Eagle. MACKENZIE: Nahanni River Mts.; Fort Simpson; Fort Resolution, Mission Island. ALBERTA: Wood Buffalo Park; Athabaska River, 30 mi. above Athabaska Landing. SASKATCHEWAN: Cypress Hills. MONTANA: St. Mary; 4 mi. S Fort Logan; Pryor Mts. WYOMING: 1 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 27424 KU; Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek PO. COLORADO: Boulder; Hunters Creek; 5 mi. S and 1 mi. W Cuchara Camps. NEW MEXICO: 3 mi. N Red River, 10,700 ft.; Pecos Baldy; Manzano Mts.; Jemez Mts. COLORADO: Navajo River (Jackson, 1928:120); Silverton. UTAH: La Sal Mts., 11,000 ft. COLORADO: Baxter Pass. UTAH: junction Trout and Ashley Creeks, 9700 ft. (Durrant, 1952:35); Mirror Lake, 10,000 ft.; Mt. Baldy R. S. (Durrant, 1952:53); Wildcat R. S.; Pine Valley Mts.; Puffer Lake; Butterfield Canyon. IDAHO: Preuss Mts.; 4 mi. S Trude (Davis, 1939:104); head Pahsimeroi River, Pahsimeroi Mts.; Perkins Lake; 1 mi. NE Heath; _1/2 mi. E Black Lake_. MONTANA: Sula; 8 mi. NE Stevensville. WASHINGTON: head Pass Creek; Conconully; Wenatchee; Easton; Stehekin; Pasayten River. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Second Summit, Skagit River, 5000 ft., (Jackson, 1928:120); Babine Mts., 6 mi. N Babine Trail, 5200 ft.; Hazleton (Jackson, 1928:120); 23 mi. N Hazleton; Flood Glacier, Stikine River (Jackson, 1928:120); Cheonee Mts. (_ibid._); Level Mtn.; west side Mt. Glave, 4000 ft., 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Kelsall Lake. ALASKA: head Toklat River; Tanana; Alatna; Bettles.

=Sorex vagrans soperi= Anderson and Rand

_Sorex obscurus soperi_ Anderson and Rand, Canadian
Field-Nat., 59:47, October 16, 1945.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 18249, Nat. Mus. Canada; obtained on September 21, 1940, by J. Dewey Soper, from 2-1/2 mi. NW Lake Audy, Riding Mtn. Nat'l Park, Manitoba.

_Range._--Southwestern Manitoba to central Saskatchewan.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium to small for the species; measurements of type and two topotypes are: total length, 107, 108, 117; tail, 45, 45, 45; hind foot, 12.1, 12.3, 12.5. Color dark brownish or fuscous in summer pelage; winter pelage unknown.

_Comparison._--Resembles _S. v. obscurus_ in size; darker than _obscurus_ in summer pelage; cranium slightly higher and top more nearly flat; larger and darker in summer pelage than the new subspecies from central Montana.

_Remarks._--In their description of this subspecies Anderson and Rand pointed out that specimens from the type locality and from central Saskatchewan represent the dark extreme in a color cline which begins in south-central British Columbia with "pale, brownish-tinged animals." These authors referred shrews from Cypress Hills, southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta to _S. o. soperi_, although they noted that these specimens, taken by themselves, are not strikingly different from _S. o. obscurus_ from the Rocky Mountains. The specimens from the Cypress Hills were included in _soperi_ because the authors felt that the subspecific boundary should be drawn "where specimens average about half way between the extremes (of the cline) in characters."

It is true, as Anderson and Rand say, that the shrews from Cypress Hills are hardly separable from those from, say, Waterton Lakes Park. The specimens from the Cypress Hills are noticeably different from specimens from the Okanagan area, but some of the latter, in my opinion may represent intergrades between _S. v. obscurus_ and the more reddish _S. v. vagrans_ and are not, at any rate, typical _obscurus_. In view of the similarity of shrews from Cypress Hills to typical _S. v. obscurus_ and since the Cypress Hills are much nearer to the range of _S. v. obscurus_ than to the record-stations of occurrence in central Saskatchewan and Manitoba, I have chosen to restrict the name _soperi_ to shrews from these latter two localities. Seemingly _S. vagrans_ is absent from the plains separating the Cypress Hills from the Rocky Mountains and from Riding Mountain National Park.

_Specimens examined._--none.

_Marginal records._--SASKATCHEWAN: Prince Albert National Park, 1700 ft. (Anderson and Rand, 1945:48). MANITOBA: Riding Mountain National Park, 2-1/2 mi. NW Audy Lake (ibid.).

=Sorex vagrans longiquus= new subspecies

_Type._--First year male, skin and skull; No. 87332, Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool.; obtained on July 21, 1942, by Emmet T. Hooper from 25 mi. ESE Big Sandy, Eagle Creek, Chouteau Co., Montana, original no. 2184.

_Range._--Central Montana; marginal localities are: Bearpaw Mts., Zortman, Big Snowy Mts., Buffalo, Little Belt Mts.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; measurements of three topotypes are: total length, 101, 105, 108; tail, 39, 40, 42; hind foot, 11.5, 11.5, 12. Color pale; summer pelage: back near (17'''_k_) Olive Brown but hairs of dorsum with a pale, buffy band proximal from the tips which imparts a pale over-all appearance; flanks near Wood Brown; underparts Pale Smoke Gray, usually not with a buffy wash; color of underparts often extending along margin of upper lip. Skull small for species; rostrum relatively broad and heavy; relatively broad interorbitally.

_Comparisons._--From _S. v. obscurus_, _S. v. longiquus_ differs as follows: size smaller; skull smaller in all dimensions although similar in proportion. From _S. v. soperi_, _S. v. longiquus_ differs in: size smaller; color paler in summer pelage. From _S. v. vagrans_, _S. v. longiquus_ differs in: color paler in summer pelage, less brownish; color of venter extending higher on flanks; venter Pale Smoke Gray, rarely tinged with buffy rather than usually tinged with buffy. From _S. v. monticola_, _S. v. longiquus_ differs in: summer pelage slightly paler, venter Pale Smoke Gray rather than suffused with buffy.

_Remarks._--The subspecies _longiquus_ is obviously derived from the neighboring _S. v. obscurus_ and differs from it mainly in size. Some specimens of obscurus from western Montana show evidences of intergradation with _S. v. vagrans_ in possessing a somewhat buffy belly and these are thus more strikingly different from _longiquus_ than are other specimens of _obscurus_. Many specimens of _obscurus_ from the eastern slope of the Lewis and Clark Range in Montana show the tricolored pattern seen in many specimens of _longiquus_. The smallest individuals of longiquus are found on the Big Snowy Mountains. Intergradation with _obscurus_ is seen in specimens here referred to _S. v. obscurus_ from the Big Belt Mountains.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 45. MONTANA: _Hill Co._: Bearpaw Mts., 5 UM, 2 BS. _Phillips Co._: Zortman, 1 BS. _Chouteau Co._: type locality, 3 UM; Highwood Mts., 13 BS. _Cascade Co._: Neihart, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS. _Judith Basin Co._: 3 mi. W Geyser, 4100 ft., 1 KU; Otter Creek, 10 mi. SW Geyser, 1 BS; Dry Wolf Creek, 20 mi. SW Stanford, 1 BS. Buffalo, 13 mi. W Buffalo Canyon, 2 BS. _Fergus Co._: Moccasin Mts., 15 mi. NW Hilger, 3 BS; Judith Mts., 17 mi. NE Lewiston, 1 BS; 15 mi. S Heath, N. fork Flat Willow Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Timber Creek, Big Snowy Mts., 1 BS; Crystal Lake, 6000 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 2 UM; Rocky Creek, 5600 ft., Big Snowy Mts., 3 UM; Big Snowy Mts., 3 BS. _Meagher Co._: Sheep Creek, 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs, Little Belt Mts., 1 BS.

_Marginal records._--MONTANA: Bearpaw Mts.; Zortman; Big Snowy Mts.; 16 mi. N White Sulphur Springs; Highwood Mts.

=Sorex vagrans neomexicanus= Bailey

_Sorex obscurus neomexicanus_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 26:133, May 21, 1913.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 100440, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on May 29, 1900, by Vernon Bailey, from Cloudcroft, 9000 ft., Otero Co., New Mexico.

_Range._--Sacramento and Capitan Mountains of New Mexico.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 4 topotypes are: total length, 105.2 (103-107); tail, 41.0 (39-42); hind foot, 13.1 (12.5-14). Color near Olive Brown in summer; winter pelage unknown; skull large and relatively broad; teeth relatively large.