Chapter III: Part 3

_Comparisons._--Skull larger than that of _S. v. obscurus_ and relatively somewhat broader; much larger in all cranial dimensions than _S. v. monticola_.

_Remarks._--_S. v. neomexicanus_ is a well-marked subspecies seemingly limited to the mountains of southeastern New Mexico. It is the only species of _Sorex_ thus far recorded from that area.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 12. NEW MEXICO: _Otero Co._: SW slope Capitan Mts., 2 BS; 10 mi. NE Cloudcroft, 2 BS; Cloudcroft, 7 BS, 1 UM.

_Marginal records._--NEW MEXICO: SW slope Capitan Mts.; 10 mi. NE Cloudcroft; type locality.

=Sorex vagrans monticola= Merriam

_Sorex monticolus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3:43, September
11, 1890.

_Sorex vagrans monticola_, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:69,
December 31, 1895.

_Sorex melanogenys_ Hall, Jour. Mamm., 13:260, August 9, 1932,
type from Marijilda Canyon, 8600 ft., Graham Mts. [= Pinaleno
Mts.] Graham Co., Arizona.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 17599/24535, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 28, 1899, by C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey from San Francisco Mtn., 11,500 ft., Coconino Co., Arizona.

_Range._--Mountains of western New Mexico, eastern Arizona, and the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 12 specimens from the White Mountains, Arizona, are: total length, 104.3 (98-112); tail, 41.2 (37-45); hind foot, 12.0 (11-13). Summer pelage between (15'_m_) Proutts Brown and (15''_m_) Bister, venter tinged with (15'_f_) Pale Ochraceous Buff; winter pelage near (17'''_k_) Olive Brown; skull relatively broad.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _S. v. obscurus_ and _S. v. neomexicanus_ see accounts of those subspecies. Skull slightly larger and relatively broader than that of _S. v. orizabae_, and color slightly paler. Differs from _S. v. vagrans_ in: winter pelage grayish (near 17'''_k_ Olive Brown) rather than blackish (17''''_k_ or 17''''_m_ Chaetura Drab or Chaetura Black); summer pelage slightly grayer; skull relatively slightly broader rostrally and interorbitally.

_Remarks._--_S. v. monticola_ intergrades gradually with _S. v. obscurus_ to the north and east; indeed the type locality is actually in this area of intergradation. So far as I know, _monticola_ is not in reproductive continuity with any other subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_. Specimens from southeastern Arizona are the smallest and seem to be the most "typical" in the sense that they are most different from _S. v. obscurus_. Some specimens from the whole length of the Rocky Mountain chain in the United States have for years been referred to _monticola_. Some of these, as I have pointed out, belong to _S. v. longiquus_, and others are intergrades between _S. v. obscurus_ and _S. v. vagrans_. Since _vagrans_ and _monticola_ resemble one another somewhat, and since topotypes of _S. v. monticola_ actually show the influence of intergradation with _obscurus_, it is easy to understand how intergrades between _obscurus_ and _vagrans_ could have been assigned to _monticola_.

Throughout most of its range, _S. v. monticola_ is the only _Sorex_ present. In some places _monticola_ may occur with _S. nanus_ or _S. merriami_. _S. v. monticola_ occurs with the water shrew in southeastern Arizona.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 80.

ARIZONA: _Coconino Co._: San Francisco Mtn., 3 BS, 6 CMNH. _Apache Co._: Spruce Creek, Tunitcha Mts., 7 BS; Springerville, 1 BS; North Fork White River, White Mts., 12 SD; White River, Horseshoe Cienega, 8300 ft., White Mts., 5 BS; Mt. Thomas, 9500 to 11,000 ft., White Mts., 12 BS; Little Colorado River, White Mts., 4 BS; near head Burro Creek, 9000 ft., White Mts., 1 BS. _Graham Co._: Graham Mts., 9200 ft., 2 BS. _Greenlee Co._: Prieto Plateau, 9000 ft., S. end Blue Range, 1 BS. _Pima Co._: Summerhaven, 7500 ft., Santa Catalina Mts., 3 BS, 1 SD. _Cochise Co._: Fly Park, Chiricahua Mts., 4 BS; Rustler Park, Chiricahua Mts., 1 SD; Long Park, Chiricahua Mts., 1 UM; Huachuca Mts., 1 BS. _Santa Cruz Co._: Stone Cabin Canyon, 8500 ft., Santa Rita Mts., 1 BS.

NEW MEXICO: _San Juan Co._: Chusca Mts., 1 BS. _Catron Co._: Mogollon Mts., 3 BS; 10 mi. E Mogollon, 1 KU. _Socorro Co._: Copper Canyon, Magdalena Mts., 3 BS. _Sierra Co._: Mimbres Mts., near Kingston, 1 BS.

CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Madre, near Guadalupe y Calvo, 5 BS.

_Marginal records._--ARIZONA: Tunitcha Mts. NEW MEXICO: Chusca Mts.; Copper Canyon, Magdalena Mts.; Mimbres Mts., near Kingston. CHIHUAHUA: Guadalupe y Calvo. ARIZONA: Huachuca Mts.; Santa Catalina Mts.; White River, Horseshoe Cienega, 8300 ft., White Mts.; San Francisco Mtn.

=Sorex vagrans orizabae= Merriam

_Sorex orizabae_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:71, December 31,
1895.

_Sorex vagrans orizabae_, Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 51:113,
July 24, 1928.

_Type._--Adult female, skin and skull; No. 53633, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on April 24, 1893, by E. W. Nelson from W slope of Mt. Orizaba, 9,500 ft., Puebla.

_Range._--Transverse volcanic belt of mountains at the southern end of the Mexican Plateau.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; measurements of 3 specimens from Volcan Toluca, Mexico, are: total length, 98, 100, 108; tail, 35, 39, 40; hind foot, 13, 13, 14. Summer pelage Mummy Brown tending toward Olive Brown; Fuscous to Fuscous-Black in winter; skull and teeth relatively narrow.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. monticola_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--The range of _S. v. orizabae_ probably is not now in contact with that of any other subspecies of _S. vagrans_, although judging by the slight degree of difference between _orizabae_ and _monticola_ the separation between the two has not been of great duration.

_Sorex vagrans orizabae_ occurs with _S. saussurei saussurei_ throughout the transverse volcanic belt.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 23.

MICHOACAN: Patamban, 1 BS; Nahuatzin, 3 BS; Mt. Tancitaro, 4 BS.

MEXICO: Salazar, 2 BS, 1 KU; Volcan de Toluca, 3 BS.

TLAXCALA: Mt. Malinche, 2 BS.

PUEBLA: Mt. Orizaba, 6 BS.

VERACRUZ: Cofre de Perote, 1 BS.

_Marginal records._--MICHOACAN: _Patamban_. VERACRUZ: Cofre de Perote. PUEBLA: _Mt. Orizaba_. MICHOACAN: Mt. Tancitaro.

=Sorex vagrans vagrans= Baird

_Sorex vagrans_ Baird, Rep't Pacific R. R. Survey 8: pt. 1,
Mammals, p. 15, July 14, 1858.

_Sorex suckleyi_ Baird, Rep't Pacific R. R. Survey 8: pt. 1,
Mammals, p. 18, July 14, 1858, type from Steilacoom, Pierce
Co., Washington.

_Sorex dobsoni_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 5:33, July 30, 1891,
type from Alturas or Sawtooth Lake, altitude about 7200 ft., E
base Sawtooth Mts., Blaine Co., Idaho.

_Sorex amoenus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:69, December 31,
1895, type from near Mammoth, 8000 ft., head Owens River, E
slope Sierra Nevada, Mono Co., California.

_Sorex nevadensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:71, December
31, 1895, type from Reese River, 6000 ft., Nye-Lander Co.
line, Nevada.

_Sorex shastensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 16:87, October 28,
1899, type from Wagon Camp, Mt. Shasta, 5700 ft., Siskiyou
Co., California.

_Type._--Adult male, alcoholic; No. 1675, U. S. Nat. Mus.; obtained at Shoalwater (Willapa) Bay, Pacific Co., Washington; received from J. G. Cooper, and entered in Museum catalog on October 23, 1856.

_Range._--The Great Basin, and Columbia Plateau west across the mountains to the Pacific coast of northern California, Oregon, Washington and southwestern British Columbia.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 8 topotypes are: total length, 104.1 (99-109); tail, 43.3 (42-45); hind foot, 12.9 (12-14). Summer pelage ranging from (15'_k_) Cinnamon Brown through (15'_m_) Proutt's Brown to (17'_m_) Mummy Brown. Winter pelage (13''''_m_) Fuscous Black to (17''''_m_) Chaetura Black.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. monticola_ see account of that subspecies. Differs from _S. v. halicoetes_ in relatively narrower and more attenuate rostrum and in less brownish underparts in winter pelage; smaller and more brownish (less grayish) than _Sorex vagrans_ from the southern Sierra Nevada.

1. _S. v. vancouverensis_
2. _S. v. vagrans_
3. _S. v. halicoetes_
4. _S. v. paludivagus_
5. _S. v. obscuroides_
6. _S. v. mixtus_
]

_Remarks._--Restriction of the range of _S. v. monticola_ to Arizona and New Mexico leaves shrews that were formerly assigned to this subspecies from Utah, Idaho, Washington and southern British Columbia unassigned. Several names are available for consideration. The name _Sorex vagrans dobsoni_ Merriam, 1891, type locality Alturas Lake, Blaine Co., Idaho, was once applied to small shrews from Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Utah, but was considered by Jackson to be synonymous with _S. v. monticola_. The name _Sorex vagrans amoenus_ Merriam, 1895, type locality near Mammoth, Mono Co., California, has been applied to wandering shrews from western Nevada, northeastern California and southern Oregon. _Sorex vagrans nevadensis_ Merriam, 1895, type locality Reese River on Nye-Lander Co. line, Nevada was considered by Hall (1946:119) to be synonymous with _S. v. amoenus_. Specimens of _Sorex vagrans_ west of the Cascade Mountains have long been referred to the nominate subspecies which has its type locality at Willapa Bay, Pacific Co., Washington. Over so wide an area it is only to be expected that some geographic variation is to be found. Thus specimens from central Nevada average slightly paler in summer pelage than those from the Pacific Coast or from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. In addition there are slight average differences in size from place to place. Topotypes of _S. v. vagrans_, however, show a fair degree of variability and some are nearly as pale as the paler Great Basin stocks. Furthermore topotypical individuals of _vagrans_ can be lost in series of _S. v. amoenus_, although _amoenus_ is shorter-tailed on the average. Specimens from the western foothills of the Rocky Mountains show an amazing series of relationships with the montane _S. v. obscurus_. In Utah, as previously pointed out, complete intergradation occurs. At 1 mi. N Heath, Washington Co., Idaho, the lowland and the highland forms approach each other within a short distance and still maintain a degree of distinctness, especially in size. In northwestern Montana intergradation is extensive (Clothier, 1950). In northeastern Washington distinctly separable populations occur within a few miles of one another. In southern British Columbia some populations are clearly intergrades while at 6 mi. S Yahk intergradation seemingly has not taken place. Where some intergradation has occurred the result often has been increased size of the lowland shrews, although they usually retain the reddish summer pelage rather than acquiring the more grayish pelage of _obscurus_. The name _dobsoni_ was based upon shrews from a place where lowland and highland forms occur almost together with only a slight amount of intergradation. Examples of "_dobsoni_" may not with certainty be distinguished from typical _vagrans_ except that they are, as Merriam (1895:68-69) points out, somewhat larger. Merriam (_loc. cit._) further notes that _dobsoni_ is "intermediate in size and cranial characters between _S. vagrans_ and _obscurus_;" a statement which hits very close to the heart of the matter. I consider the name _dobsoni_ to apply to intergrades. To attempt to apply the name to the highly variable populations of intergrades from British Columbia to southern Idaho seems inadvisable. I have examined the possibility of using the name _amoenus_ for the animals from this region. The characters which set _amoenus_ apart from _vagrans_, slightly shorter tail and slightly darker summer pelage, however, are not universally found in shrews from the Columbian Plateau and eastern Great Basin and furthermore these differences between _amoenus_ and _vagrans_ do not seem to me to be of great enough magnitude to warrant subspecific recognition of the former. Thus the name _S. v. vagrans_ may apply to shrews in the region under consideration. The subspecies, as thus thought of, embraces several incipient subspecies, namely (1) the populations on the isolated mountain ranges of Nevada, (2) the coastal rain forest population and possibly (3) the population on the Columbian Plateau.

In western British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon no evidences of intergradation between _S. v. vagrans_ and the races _setosus_, _permiliensis_, _bairdi_, _yaquinae_, or _pacificus_ are seen. In this region _S. v. vagrans_ occurs sympatrically with one or the other of these subspecies. Different degrees of differentiation thus obtain between the subspecies _vagrans_ as here defined and the surrounding subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_ to wit: complete intergradation and allopatry in Utah with _S. v. obscurus_; partial intergradation and partial sympatry with _S. v. obscurus_ in the foothill region from Idaho to British Columbia; no intergradation and complete sympatry with all the other races of _Sorex vagrans_ from the Cascades to the coast and south to San Francisco Bay. The relationship of _S. v. vagrans_ to the wandering shrews of the high Sierra is discussed on page 58.

Throughout most of the Great Basin and Columbian Plateau _Sorex vagrans_ is, with the exception of the rare _S. merriami_ and _S. preblei_, the only small shrew. In the Cascades and in the coastal lowlands it is the only small shrew except for _S. cinereus_ and _S. trigonirostris_, both extremely rare and local in this region. _S. vagrans_ seemingly competes to a certain extent with the larger _S. trowbridgii_ in western Washington and seems to be partially dominant to _trowbridgii_, at least in marshy habitats (Dalquest, 1941:171).

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 1197.

BRITISH COLUMBIA: _Osoyoos District_: Okanagan, 20 PMBC; Okanagan Landing, 2 PMBC; Nahun Plateau, 2 PMBC. _Vancouver District_: Vancouver, 2 PMBC. _New Westminister District_: Port Moody, 16 BS; Westminster Jct., 4 AMNH; Langley, 1 BS; Vedder Crossing, 1 PMBC; Huntingdon, 69 NMC; Sumas, 16 BS; Cultus Lake, 1 NMC. _Similkameen District_: Princeton, 6 Mile Creek, 1 NMC. Hedley, Stirling Creek, 7 NMC; Fairview-Keremeos Summit, 5 NMC; Oliver, 1 NMC; Westbridge, 6 NMC; Osoyoos, 1 PMBC; Osoyoos-Bridesville Summit, 4 NMC; Cascade, 7 NMC. _Nelson District_: Kuskonook, 1 PMBC; Rossland, 14 NMC; Trail, 2 NMC; Creston, 4 PMBC, 4 NMC; near Creston, 7 NMC. _Cranbrook District_: Cranbrook, 5 BS; Yahk, 2 NMC; Yahk Camp 6, 2 NMC; Goatfell, 2 NMC. _Fernie District_: Newgate, 3 NMC.

WASHINGTON: _Whatcom Co._: Blaine, 1 BS; Beaver Creek, 5 WSC; Glacier, 1 BS; Mt. Baker Lodge, 1 WSC; Lake Whatcom, 1 BS; Barron, 2 BS. _Okanogan Co._: Sheep Mtn., 3 BS; E. end Bauerman Ridge, 1 BS; Oroville, 1 BS; Hidden Lakes, 1 BS; Loomis, 1 BS; Conconully, 1 BS; Twisp, 1 BS. _Ferry Co._: 5 mi. W Curlew, 2 BS. _Stevens Co._: Marcus, 1 BS. _Pend Oreille Co._: Canyon, 1 WSC; Metaline, 2 BS; Sullivan Lake, 1 BS. _San Juan Co._: East Sound, Orcas Island, 3 BS; Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, 1 BS; San Juan Park, 2 WSC; Blakely Island, 1 KU; Richardson, 6 BS. _Skagit Co._: Cypress Island, 1 KU; Hamilton, 1 BS; Sauk, 1 BS; Avon, 3 BS; Mt. Vernon, 2 BS; La Conner, 5 BS. _Island Co._: San de Fuca, Whidby Island, 3 BS; Greenbank, Whidby Island, 2 BS; 3 mi. N Clinton, Whidby Island, 1 BS. _Snohomish Co._: Oso, 2 BS; Hermosa Point, Tulalip Indian Reservation, 7 mi. W and 1/2 mi. N Marysville, 3 KU. _Chelan Co._: Entiat, 2 BS. _Lincoln Co._: 6 mi. E Odessa, 4 BS. _Spokane Co._: Marshall, 7 BS. _Clallam Co._: Neah Bay, 29 BS; 8 mi. W Sekin River, 1 WSC; mouth Sekin River, 1 WSC; Dungeness, 1 BS; Port Townsend, 3 BS; Ozette Indian Reservation, 1 CMNH; Sequim, 4 BS; Tivoli Island, Ozette Lake, 1 CMNH; Garden Island, Ozette Lake, 3 CMNH; Elwah, 1 WSC; Blyn, 1 BS; Soleduck River, 1 BS; 12 mi. S Port Angeles, 1 WSC; Forks, 9 CMNH, 1 BS; Cat Creek, 1 WSC; Lapush, 5 BS. _Jefferson Co._: Jefferson Ranger Station, N Fork Hoh River, 5 CMNH; Duckabush, 6 BS. _Kitsap Co._: Vashon Island, 2 BS. _King Co._: Redmont, 2 BS; Kirkland, 20 BS; Seattle, 1 WSC, 3 KU; Northbend, 2 BS: Lake Washington, near Renton, 2 BS; Kent, 1 BS; Enumclaw, 1 BS. _Grays Harbor Co._: Lake Quinault, 9 BS; Aberdeen, 20 BS; Westport, 5 BS, 2 WSC; Oakville, 1 BS. _Mason Co._: Lake Cushman, 11 BS; Hoodsport, 1 BS; North Fork Skokomish River, 1 BS; Shelton, 2 BS. _Pierce Co._: Puyallup, 6 BS; Steilacoom, 1 BS; 6 mi. S Tacoma, 2 BS; Roy, 3 BS; Bear Prairie, Mt. Rainier, 1 BS; Reflection Lake, Mt. Rainier, 1 WSC. _Kittitas Co._: Blewett Pass, 3 BS; Easton, 3 BS; 2 mi. E Cle Elum, 4 FC; Ellensburg, 2 BS. _Grant Co._: Moses Lake, 1 BS; 9 mi. S and 1 mi. W Neppel, 1 UM. _Whitman Co._: Hangman Creek, Tekoa, 1 WSC; 4 mi. ENE Pullman, 1 KU; 2 mi. N Pullman, 2 WSC; 2 mi. NW Pullman, 1 WSC; 2 mi. W Pullman, 1 WSC; Pullman, 5 WSC; Armstrong, 1 WSC; 5 mi. NE Wawawai, 1 BS; Wawawai, 5 WSC. _Thurston Co._: Nisqually Flats, 2 BS; Nisqually, 1 BS; 4 mi. S Olympia, 1 BS; Tenino, 4 BS. _Pacific Co._: Tokeland, 4 BS; 1 mi. S Nemah, 2 FC; 1 mi. N Bear River, Willapa Bay, 8 FC; 1/4 mi. N Bear River, 3 FC; 3-1/2 mi. E Seaview, 6 FC; Ilwaco, 1 BS. _Lewis Co._: 8 mi. W Chehallis, 2 BS; Chehallis, 2 BS; Toledo, 1 BS. _Yakima Co._: Selah, 7 KU; Wiley City, 4 BS. _Wahkiakum Co._: Cathlamet, 1 BS. _Skamania Co._: 45 mi. SE Toledo, 2 BS; Carson, 1 BS; Stevenson, 1 BS; 15 mi. NW White Salmon, 1 BS. _Klickitat Co._: Trout Lake, 15 mi. S Mt. Adams, 2 BS; 15 mi. N Goldendale, 1 WSC; Goldendale, 1 BS. _Walla Walla Co._: College Place, 1 KU. _Columbia Co._: Starbuck, 3 BS. _Garfield Co._: 1 mi. E Pomeroy, 1 SGJ. _Asotin Co._: 21 mi. SE Dayton, 1 BS; Rogersburg, 1 BS.

IDAHO: _Bonner Co._: 4 mi. S Sandpoint, 1 UM. _Kootenai Co._: Coeur d'Alene, 2 BS. _Shoshone Co._: Osburry, 1 BS; Mullan, 2 BS. _Latah Co._: Felton's Mills, 1 WSC; Cedar Mtn., 5 WSC. _Lewis Co._: Nezperce, 2 BS. _Idaho Co._: Seven Devils Mtn., 1 BS. _Adams Co._: Summit of Smith Mtn., 7500 ft., 5 KU; New Meadows, 1 BS; Tamarack, 1 BS. _Washington Co._: 1 mi. NE Heath, SW slope Cuddy Mtn., 4000 ft., 7 KU. _Boise Co._: Bald Mtn. R. S., 10 mi. S Idaho City, 1 BS. _Elmore Co._: Cayuse Creek, 10 mi. N Featherville, 1 BS. _Canyon Co._: Nampa, 5 BS. _Blaine Co._: Sawtooth City, 5 BS; Alturas Lake, 1 BS. _Bonneville Co._: 10 mi. SE Irwin, 5 BS. _Bannock Co._: Pocatello, 1 BS, 1 KU; 1 mi. W Bancroft, 1 KU; Swan Lake, 1 BS. _Owyhee Co._: Grasmere, 1 SGJ. _Cassia Co._: 10 mi. S Albion, Mt. Harrison, 1 BS.

MONTANA: _Sanders Co._: Prospect Creek, near Thomson Falls, 4 BS. _Lake Co._: Flathead Lake, 5 BS. _Ravalli Co._: Bass Creek, NW Stevensville, 2 BS; 2 mi. NE Stevensville, 1 UM; Corvallis, 4 BS; 6 mi. E Hamilton, 1 KU.

OREGON: _Clatsop Co._: Seaside, 1 BS. _Washington Co._: 5 mi. SE Hillsboro, 1 BS; Beaverton, 1 BS. _Multnomah Co._: Portland, 20 BS; Portland, Switzler Lake, 5 BS. _Hood River Co._: 2 mi. W Parkdale, 1 BS; north slope Mt. Hood, 2 BS. _Umatilla Co._: 10 mi. W Meacham, 2 BS; Meacham, 3 BS. _Union Co._: Elgin, 2 BS; Kamela, 2 BS; Hot Lake, 2 BS. _Wallowa Co._: 25 mi. N. Enterprise, 4 BS; Wallowa Lake, 23 BS; S Wallowa Lake, 1 BS. _Clackamas Co._: Estacada, 1 KU. _Marion Co._: Salem, 8 BS; Permilia Lake, 2 BS. _Benton Co._: Corvallis, 2 BS; 5 mi. SW Philomath, 5 BS. _Linn Co._: Shelburn, 1 BS. _Jefferson Co._: 20 mi. W Warm Springs, 2 BS. _Grant Co._: Beech Creek, 6 BS; Austin, 1 BS; Strawberry Butte, 1 BS; Strawberry Mts., 12 BS. _Baker Co._: Homestead, 1 BS; Cornucopia, 11 BS; Rock Creek, 1 BS; Bourne, 7 BS; McEwen, 1 BS; Huntington, 1 BS; Anthony, 42 AMNH. _Lane Co._: north slope Three Sisters, 3 BS; Vida, 1 BS; Mapleton, 1 BS; Eugene, 2 BS; 10 mi. S McKenzie Bridge, 1 BS; Florence, 1 BS. _Deschutes Co._: Paulina Lake, 7 BS; Lapine, 8 BS. _Crook Co._: 1 SGJ. _Douglas Co._: Winchester Bay, 1 SGJ; Scottsburg, 3 BS; Drain, 5 BS; Lookingglass, 1 BS; Diamond Lake, 6 BS. _Coos Co._: Empire, 5 BS. _Curry Co._: Port Orford, 1 BS; Gold Beach, 4 BS. _Klamath Co._: Anna Creek, Mt. Mazama, 1 BS; Crater Lake, 14 BS; Upper Klamath Marsh, 2 BS; Ft. Klamath, 35 BS; Klamath Falls, 6 BS. _Lake Co._: 10 mi. SW Silver Lake, 3 BS; west fork Silver Creek, Yamsay Mts., 4 BS; Plush, 1 BS; Warner Creek, Warner Mts., 1 BS; Warner Mts., 3 BS; Gearhart Mts., 17 SGJ; _Harney Co._: Diamond, 2 BS; Keiger Gorge, Steens Mts., 3 BS. _Malheur Co._: 8 mi. W Jordon Valley, 1 BS.

WYOMING: _Lincoln Co._: 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6 KU; 10 mi. N Afton, Salt River, 2 BS; 9 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6 KU; 7 mi. N and 1 mi. W Afton, 4 KU; Cokeville, 1 BS; 12 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 2 KU; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 1 KU.

CALIFORNIA: _Del Norte Co._: Smith River, 2 BS; Crescent City, 20 BS. _Siskiyou Co._: Beswick, 1 BS; Hornbrook, 3 BS; Brownell, Klamath Lake, 1 BS; Mayten, 2 BS; Squaw Creek, Mt. Shasta, 5 BS; Upper Ash Creek, Mt. Shasta, 1 BS; upper Mud Creek, Mt. Shasta, 8 BS; Wagon Camp, Mt. Shasta, 5 BS; Warmcastle Soda Springs, Squaw Creek Valley, 2 BS; Sisson, 7 BS. _Modoc Co._: Davis Creek, Goose Lake, 1 BS. _Humboldt Co._: _Humboldt Bay_, 10 BS. _Trinity Co._: Canyon Creek, 2 BS. _Shasta Co._: Fort Crook, 11 BS; Dana, 17 BS; Fall Lake, Fall River Valley, 3 BS; Cassel, 2 BS; 12 mi. E Burney, 1 BS; Lassen Peak, 13 BS; Kellys, Warner Creek, 1 KU; Drakes Hot Springs, Warner Creek, 2 BS. _Mendocino Co._: Russian Gulch State Park, 2 FC. _Plumas Co._: 12 mi. NE Prattville, 2 BS; Spring Garden Ranch, Grizzly Mts., 3 BS; Sierra Valley, 1 BS. _Sierra Co._: Lincoln Creek, 1 BS. _Sonoma Co._: Petaluma, 3 BS; Point Reyes, 7 BS. _Placer Co._: Donner, 3 BS. _El Dorado Co._: Tallac, 3 BS. _Mono Co._: Mt. Conness, 1 BS; Mono Lake, 1 BS; near Mammoth, 8000 ft., head of Owens River, 2 BS. _Inyo Co._: Alvord, 1 BS.

NEVADA: _Elko Co._: Mountain City, 1 BS; Three Lakes, 1 KU; west side Ruby Lake, 3 mi. N White Pine Co. line, 8 KU; Ruby Mts., 9 BS; W side Ruby Lake, 3 BS. _White Pine Co._: W side Ruby Lake, 3 mi. S Elko Co. line, 1 KU. _Nye Co._: Cloverdale, Reese River, 3 BS.

UTAH: _Weber Co._: Beaver Creek, S Fork Ogden River, 2 UU; Huntsville, 10 mi. E Ogden, 1 UU; Hooper Bay Refuge, 4200 ft., 1 UU; Riverdale, 4200 ft., 3 UU; Riverdale, 4250 ft., 1 UU; 3 mi. SE Ogden, 2 UU; Snow Basin, 2 UU; Snow Basin, S part Wheeler Canyon, 1 UU; Uinta, 2 mi. W Weber Canyon entrance, 4 UU; 2 mi. W Uinta, 1 UU. _Salt Lake Co._: City Creek Canyon, 6 mi. NE Salt Lake City, 4700 ft., 2 UU; 1 mi. up City Creek Canyon, 4600 ft., 1 UU; 3/4 mi. above Forks, City Creek Canyon, 1 UU; The Firs, Millcreek Canyon, 1 UU; Olympus Water Box, 1 UU; Salamander Lake, Lamb's Canyon, 9000 ft., 3 UU (near _obscurus_); Salt Lake City, 7500 ft., 1 UU; 1 mi. W Draper, 4500 ft., 6 UU; Draper, 4500 ft., 5 UU; 1-1/2 mi. SW Draper, 4500 ft., 1 UU; 3 mi. SW Draper, 4400 ft., 2 UU; 3 mi. S Draper, 4400 ft., 2 UU; 1 mi. S Draper, 4500 ft., 1 UU. _Juab Co._: W side Deep Creek Mts., Queen of Sheba Canyon, 8000 ft., 3 UU. _Wasatch Co._: Midway Fish Hatchery, 5450 ft., 1 UU.

_Marginal records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA: Okanagan; Westbridge; Kuskonook; Cranbrook. MONTANA: Flathead Lake; 6 mi. E Hamilton; Prospect Creek. IDAHO: Cedar Mtn.; New Meadows; Alturas Lake; 10 mi. SE Irwin. WYOMING: 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage. IDAHO: 1 mi. W Bancroft; Swan Lake. UTAH: Beaver Creek, South Fork, Ogden River; Midway Fish Hatchery; west side Deep Creek Mts., Queen of Sheba Canyon, 8000 ft. NEVADA: Baker Creek (Hall, 1946:120); Reese River (_ibid._); 2 mi. S Hinds Hot Springs (_ibid._). CALIFORNIA: Mono Lake (Jackson, 1928:110); near Mammoth; Alvord; Mount Conness; Donner; Buck Ranch (Jackson, 1928:110); Warner Creek, Drake Hot Springs (_ibid._); Canyon Creek; Cuddeback (Jackson, 1928:105); Novato Point (_ibid._), thence northward along the coast to WASHINGTON: Friday Harbor, San Juan Island. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Port Moody.

=Sorex vagrans obscuroides= new subspecies

_Type._--First year female, skin and skull; No. 30064/42074, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on August 9, 1891, by Frank Stephens from Bishop Creek, 6600 ft., Inyo Co., California, original no. 811.

_Range._--The Sierra Nevada of California, north at least to El Dorado County, intergrading northerly with _S. v. vagrans_.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 5 topotypes are: total length, 107 (103-112); tail, 47 (45-50); hind foot, 12.8 (12-13.5). Skull relatively broad interorbitally; color of dorsum in summer pelage nearest (17'''_k_) Olive Brown.

_Comparisons._--Differs from _S. v. vagrans_, with which it intergrades to the north, in: longer tail and total length; skull larger and relatively broader interorbitally; color in summer grayer (less reddish), the lighter subterminal color bands of the hair often showing through the darker tips and imparting a grizzled appearance to the dorsum. Differs from _S. v. parvidens_ to the south in: skull relatively broader interorbitally and less flattened; teeth slightly larger.

_Remarks._--_S. v. obscuroides_ has long been called _S. v. obscurus_. In fact, _obscuroides_ is separated from the range of _obscurus_ by the intervening, smaller subspecies _S. v. vagrans_. _S. v. obscuroides_ resembles _S. v. obscurus_ in color and size but the skull is smaller, although relatively slightly broader. The resemblance in color is possibly due to the fact that _obscuroides_, like _obscurus_, is a high mountain form. _S. v. obscuroides_ intergrades with _S. v. vagrans_ along the crest of the Sierra between Yosemite National Park and Lassen Peak and on the eastern slope of the Sierra from approximately Mammoth northward. Specimens from Donner are intergrades but are closest to _S. v. vagrans_. Although all specimens from Lassen Peak are referable to _S. v. vagrans_, some show cranial characters of _obscuroides_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 76. CALIFORNIA: _Mono Co._: Mt. Dana, 6 BS; Mt. Lyell, 11 BS. _Mariposa Co._: Tuolumne Meadows, Muir Meadow, 9300 ft., 1 BS; Tuolumne Meadows, Mt. Unicorn, 1 BS; Tuolumne Meadows, N base Mt. Lyell, 8 BS; Tuolumne Meadows, Soda Springs, 4 BS; Lake Tenaya, 5 BS. _Madera Co._: San Joaquin River, 8000 ft., 4 BS. _Fresno Co._: Horse Corral Meadows, 3 BS. _Mono Co._: head of Owens River near Mammoth, 2 BS. _Inyo Co._: Bishop Creek, 5 BS; Round Valley, 1 BS. _Tulare Co._: E. Fork Kaweah River, 7 BS; Mt. Whitney, 5 BS; Whitney Creek, Mt. Whitney, 4 ChM; Whitney Meadows, 9700 ft., 1 BS; Mineralking, 2 BS; N. Fork Kern River, 9600 ft., 1 BS; S. Fork Kern River, 4 BS; Kern Lakes, 1 BS.

_Marginal records._--CALIFORNIA: Pyramid Peak; near Mammoth; _Round Valley_; Bishop Creek; Mt. Whitney; Kern Lakes; Halstead Meadows; Horse Corral Meadows; east fork Indian Canyon (Jackson, 1928:121).

=Sorex vagrans parvidens= Jackson

_Sorex obscurus parvidens_ Jackson, Jour. Mamm., 2:161, August
19, 1921.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 56561, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on October 3, 1893, by J. E. McLellan from Thurmans Camp, Bluff Lake, 7500 ft., San Bernardino Mts., California.

_Range._--Confined, so far as known, to the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains, San Bernardino Co., California.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; measurements of two specimens from the San Bernardino Mountains are: total length, 105, 106; tail, 41, 48; hind foot, 12, 14. Upper parts in summer Olive-Brown to Buffy-Brown; cranium flattened and relatively narrow; unicuspids and incisors relatively small.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. obscuroides_, the only adjacent subspecies, see the account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--_S. v. parvidens_ is seemingly an uncommon mammal. I have been informed by Terry Vaughan that repeated attempts by him to obtain it in suitable habitat in the San Gabriel Mountains failed. This shrew is probably no longer in reproductive continuity with _Sorex vagrans_ of the Sierra Nevada.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 4. CALIFORNIA: _San Bernardino Co._: type locality, 4 BS.

_Marginal records._--CALIFORNIA: Camp Baldy, San Antonio Canyon (Jackson, 1928:124); type locality.

=Sorex vagrans halicoetes= Grinnell

_Sorex halicoetes_ Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.,
10:183, March 20, 1913.

_Sorex vagrans halicoetes_, Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna, 51:108,
July 24, 1928.

_Type._--Young adult male, skin and skull; No. 3638, Mus. Vert. Zool.; obtained on May 6, 1908, by Joseph Dixon from salt marsh near Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., California.

_Range._--Marshes in the southern part of San Francisco Bay, California.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; measurements of two topotypes are: total length, 105, 106; tail, 39, 40; hind foot, 12, 13. Upper parts in winter Chaetura Black or near Fuscous-Black; underparts brownish; upper parts in summer near (17'_m_) Mummy Brown; underparts with a decided buffy wash, near (15'_d_) Light Ochraceous Buff; rostrum relatively large; maxillary tooth-row relatively long; teeth relatively large.

_Comparisons._--Darker ventrally, both summer and winter, than _S. v. vagrans_; slightly more reddish dorsally in summer pelage than _S. v. vagrans_, rostrum and teeth relatively larger; smaller externally than _S. v. paludivagus_, paler; skull longer, narrower cranially and broader rostrally.

_Remarks._--This subspecies seems to be restricted to salt marshes where it occurs with _Sorex ornatus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 12. CALIFORNIA: _San Francisco Co._: San Francisco, 4 BS. _Alameda Co._: West Berkeley, 1 BS; Berkeley, 1 BS; Dumbarton Point, 1 KU. _San Mateo Co._: San Mateo, 2 BS. _Santa Clara Co._: Palo Alto, 3 BS.

_Marginal records._--CALIFORNIA: Berkley, _Elmhurst_; _Palo Alto_; San Mateo.

=Sorex vagrans paludivagus= von Bloeker

_Sorex vagrans paludivagus_ von Bloeker, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 52:93, June 5, 1939.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 5053, Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, obtained on November 3, 1938, by Jack C. von Bloeker, Jr., from salt marsh at mouth of Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, Monterey Co., California, original no. 9456.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; average and extreme measurements of 6 topotypes are: total length, 115 (113-118); tail, 46.5 (42-48); hind foot, 14.5 (14-15) (von Bloeker, 1939:94). In winter nearly black dorsally, deep mouse gray ventrally; in summer nearly as dark dorsally as in winter, hairs of venter tipped with Clove Brown; skull short, relatively broad cranially and relatively narrow rostrally.

_Comparisons._--For comparison with _S. v. halicoetes_ see account of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--This subspecies, occurring at the limits of the range of the species, is uncommon in most collections. Seven specimens were available for the original description. The summer pelage is not completely described in the original description, but is stated to be darker than the winter pelage of _S. v. vagrans_, and must thus be considerably darker than the summer pelage of _S. v. halicoetes_. Two specimens in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, from San Gregario, referred by Jackson to _S. v. halicoetes_, were included in the present subspecies by von Bloeker.

_Specimens examined._--None.

_Records of occurrence_ (von Bloeker, 1939:94).--CALIFORNIA: _San Mateo Co._: San Gregario. _Monterey Co._: Seaside; mouth of Salinas River; Moss Landing.

_Marginal records._--CALIFORNIA: San Gregario; Seaside.

=Sorex vagrans vancouverensis= Merriam

_Sorex vancouverensis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 10:70,
December 31, 1895.

_Sorex vagrans vancouverensis_, Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna,
51:106, July, 1928.

_Type._--Adult male, skin and skull; No. 71913, U. S. Biol. Surv. Coll.; obtained on May 10, 1895, by Clark P. Streator, from Goldstream, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.

_Range._--Vancouver Island from Sayward south, and Bowen Island.

_Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; average and extreme measurements of 6 specimens from Alberni Valley, Vancouver Island, are: total length, 106.5 (97-115); tail, 41.7 (40-43); hind foot, 12 (11-13) (Jackson, 1928:107). Ventral parts brownish, winter pelage reddish brown rather than grayish.

_Comparisons._--Differs from _S. v. vagrans_ in more brownish ventral parts and more brownish, rather than grayish, winter pelage; differs from the sympatric _S. v. isolatus_ in shorter tail, shorter hind foot, more narrow skull, and smaller teeth.

_Remarks._--This is a poorly differentiated subspecies which is closely related to _S. v. vagrans_. The differences in color noted are average ones. Some individuals of this shrew might be difficult to separate from _S. v. isolatus_. The slight degree of morphological divergence is such that intergrades might be expected to occur. Possibly some habitat separation occurs, but such has not been reported.

_Specimens examined._--Total number, 3. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Vancouver Island: Mt. Washington, 1 KU; Nanaimo, 1 BS; type locality, 1 BS.

_Marginal records._--BRITISH COLUMBIA: Sayward (Anderson, 1947:18); Bowen Island (Hall, 1938:463); Alberni (Jackson, 1928:107).

CONCLUSIONS

1. _Sorex vagrans_, _S. obscurus_, _S. pacificus_, and _S. yaquinae_ are conspecific with one another. Each is a valid subspecies but all should bear the specific name _Sorex vagrans_ Baird, 1858.

2. The subspecies of _Sorex vagrans_ form a cline from large (_pacificus_) to small (_vagrans_). The cline is bent in such a manner that the terminal subspecies occur together. Where the two subspecies occur together, individuals of one subspecies do not crossbreed with individuals of the other subspecies and therefore react toward one another as do full species. _Sorex vagrans vagrans_ occurs sympatrically with _S. v. sonomae_, _S. v. pacificus_, _S. v. yaquinae_, _S. v. bairdi_, _S. v. permiliensis_, and _S. v. setosus_. _S. v. vancouverensis_ occurs sympatrically with _S. v. isolatus_.

3. The sympatric existence of the terminal subspecies of the _Sorex vagrans_ rassenkreis is made possible by marked differences between them in size and in ecological preference.

4. The west-coast subspecies, _sonomae_, _pacificus_, _yaquinae_, _bairdi_, and _permiliensis_ probably differentiated from the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain subspecies, _vagrans_, _obscurus_ and _monticola_, during a separation caused first by aridity in the Great Basin, and secondly by glaciation of the Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada, possibly in the Sangamonian and Wisconsinan ages respectively.

5. _Sorex v. vagrans_ originated in the Great Basin and arrived on the Pacific Coast after the last deglaciation of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada.

6. In _S. vagrans_, heterogonic growth is illustrated; the larger the skull, the larger the rostrum in proportion to the skull as a whole.

7. In the species _S. vagrans_, size and color vary geographically more than do other features.

8. The _S. ornatus_ group, _S. longirostris_, and _S. veraepacis_ had a common ancestor with _S. vagrans_, possibly in the Illinoian Age.

9. _S. vagrans_, the _S. ornatus_ group, _S. veraepacis_, _S. longirostris_, _S. palustris_, _S. bendiri_, and the _S. cinereus_ group, because of structural resemblances, should be placed in a single subgenus, _Otisorex_. _S. trowbridgii_, the _S. arcticus_ group, the _S. saussurei_ group, _S. merriami_, _S. fumeus_, and _S. dispar_, should be included in the subgenus _Sorex_.

10. _Sorex cinereus_ occurs with the medium-sized and large-sized _S. vagrans_ in the Rocky Mountains and in Canada, but does not occur with the smaller subspecies of _S. vagrans_, probably because competition between two shrews of like size excludes _S. cinereus_.

TABLE 1--CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS OF SOREX VAGRANS

==========================================================================
Catalog | | | | | |
number or | | | | | Least |
number of |Condylobasal|Palatal|Maxillary|Cranial|interorbital|Maxillary
individuals| length |length |tooth-row|breadth| breadth | breadth
averaged | | | | | |
------------+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans pacificus_, Orick, California.
8 av | 21.8 | 9.6 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 4.1 | 6.6
Max | 22.8 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 11.1 | 4.3 | 6.8
Min | 21.3 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 10.2 | 4.1 | 6.4
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans yaquinae_, Newport, Oregon.
707 AW | 20.1 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 5.7
706 AW | 19.3 | 8.8 | 7.3 | 9.3 | 4.0 | 5.8
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Mapleton, Oregon.
205273 USBS| 20.6 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 4.2 | 6.0
205270 USBS| 20.4 | 8.9 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 6.0
205272 USBS| | 9.2 | 8.3 | | 4.0 | 6.1
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Vida, Oregon.
4 av | 19.5 | 8.4 | 7.5 | 9.2 | 3.6 | 5.5
Max | 20.3 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 3.7 | 5.7
Min | 19.3 | 8.2 | 7.3 | 8.9 | 3.5 | 5.3
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| McKenzie Bridge, Oregon.
6 av | 18.9 | 8.2 | 7.1 | 9.1(5)| 3.7 | 5.6
Max | 19.5 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 9.4 | 3.8 | 5.7
Min | 18.7 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 3.6 | 5.4
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans bairdi_, Astoria, Oregon.
6 av | 18.5 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 8.9(4)| 3.4 | 5.3
Max | 19.2 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 3.5 | 5.5
Min | 18.0 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 3.2 | 5.2
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans permiliensis_, Mt. Jefferson, Oregon.
14 av | 18.0 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 9.0 | 3.5 | 5.2
Max | 18.9 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 9.4 | 3.7 | 5.3
Min | 17.2 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 3.3 | 4.8
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans setosus_, Olympic Mts., Washington.
12 av | 17.2(9) | 7.1 | 6.5 | 8.5(8)| 3.3 | 5.0
Max | 17.9 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 3.4 | 5.3
Min | 16.7 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 3.0 | 4.8
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Mt. Rainier, Washington.
16 av | 17.2 | 7.1 | 6.5 |8.4(14)| 3.3 | 5.0
Max | 17.6 | 7.3 | 6.7 |8.7 | 3.5 | 5.2
Min | 16.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 |8.1 | 3.2 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans longicauda_, head Rivers Inlet, B.C.
15 av | 18.0 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 3.2 | 5.0
Max | 18.4 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 3.3 | 5.2
Min | 17.6 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 8.4 | 3.1 | 4.8
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Port Simpson, British Columbia.
10 av | 18.1(9) | 7.6 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 3.4 | 5.1
Max | 18.8 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 9.2 | 3.6 | 5.4
Min | 17.2 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 4.9
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Fort Wrangell, Alaska.
18 av | 18.5 |7.8(15)| 7.1 |9.0(15)| 3.3 | 5.1
Max | 18.9 |8.0 | 7.3 |9.2 | 3.5 | 5.3
Min | 17.8 |7.5 | 6.7 |8.6 | 3.2 | 5.0
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans elassodon_, Woewodsky Is., Alaska.
20550 AMNH | 18.0 | 7.5 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 3.3 | 5.0
20553 AMNH | 17.5 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 3.2 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans alascensis_,
| 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, Alaska.
10 av | 17.2 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 3.1 | 4.9
Max | 17.6 | 7.4 | 6.9 | 8.8 | 3.3 | 5.0
Min | 16.9 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Yakutat Bay, Alaska.
73543 USBS | 18.0 | 7.5 | 6.8 |... | 3.2 | 5.0
73536 USBS | 18.0 | 7.6 | 6.8 |8.8 | 3.4 | 5.3
73541 USBS | 17.9 | 7.4 | 6.7 |8.8 | 3.1 | 5.2
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans shumaginensis_, Sandpoint, Popof Is., Alaska.
9 av | 17.2(5) | 7.0 | 6.3 |8.3(7) | 3.1 | 4.8
Max | 17.6 | 7.2 | 6.6 |8.5 | 3.2 | 5.1
Min | 16.8 | 6.8 | 6.1 |8.0 | 3.0 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans obscurus_, Barkerville, British Columbia.
5 av | 17.1 | 7.1 | 6.5 |8.5(4) | 3.3 | 4.8
Max | 17.3 | 7.3 | 6.6 |8.6 | 3.3 | 5.0
Min | 16.6 | 6.7 | 6.4 |8.2 | 3.2 | 4.6
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| 10 mi. SSW Leadore, Idaho.
7 av | 17.2(4) | 7.3(9)| 6.6 |8.6(4) | 3.3 | 5.0
Max | 17.3 | 7.5 | 6.8 |8.9 | 3.4 | 5.1
Min | 17.0 | 7.1 | 6.4 |8.3 | 3.2 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Albany Co., Wyoming (several localities).
20 av | 17.3 | 7.3 | 6.8 |8.7(19)| 3.2 | 5.2
Max | 17.9 | 7.6 | 6.9 |9.0 | 3.4 | 5.5
Min | 16.7 | 6.9 | 6.5 |8.4 | 3.1 | 5.0
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans longiquus_, 25 mi. ESE Big Sandy, Montana.
87332 UM | 16.4 | 6.8 | 6.2 |8.2 | 3.0 | 4.8
87334 UM | 16.8 | 7.1 | 6.3 |8.1 | 3.2 | 4.7
87335 UM | 15.8 | 6.7 | 6.0 |8.4 | 3.1 | 4.9
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Highwood Mts., Montana.
10 av | 16.3(9) | 6.7 | 6.2 |8.0(9) | 3.1 | 4.7
Max | 16.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 |8.3 | 3.3 | 5.0
Min | 15.6 | 6.5 | 6.0 |7.8 | 3.0 | 4.5
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans neomexicanus_, Cloudcroft, New Mexico.
4 av | 17.6(3) | 7.6 | 7.0 | 8.7 | 3.3 | 5.2
Max | 17.7 | 7.7 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 3.4 | 5.4
Min | 17.4 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 5.1
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans monticola_, White Mts., Arizona.
12 av | 16.1(9) | 6.6 | 5.9(9) | 8.2 | 3.1(11) | 4.7
Max | 16.6 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 4.9
Min | 15.5 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 8.1 | 3.0 | 4.6
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans orizabae_, Volcan Toluca, Mexico.
55900 USBS | 17.1 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 7.8 | 2.9 | 4.5
55898 USBS | 17.1 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 4.8
55897 USBS | 16.8 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 2.9 | 4.6
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans vagrans_, Lincoln Co., Wyoming.
7 av | 16.5(6) | 6.6 | 6.1 | 8.2 | 2.9 | 4.7
Max | 17.1 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 3.1 | 4.9
Min | 16.0 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 7.9 | 2.9 | 4.5
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Gearhart Mtn., Lake Co., Oregon.
17 av | 16.5(15) | 6.6 | 5.9 | 8.1 | 2.9 | 4.6
Max | 17.1 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 3.1 | 4.9
Min | 16.1 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 2.8 | 4.4
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Willapa Bay, Washington.
9 av | 16.6 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 4.7
Max | 17.2 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 3.1 | 5.0
Min | 16.2 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 7.9 | 2.7 | 4.6
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans obscuroides_, Bishop Creek, California.
4 av | 16.7 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 8.2 | 3.2 | 4.8
Max | 16.8 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 4.9
Min | 16.6 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| Mt. Whitney, California.
4 av | 16.7(3) | 6.9 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 4.8
Max | 16.7 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 3.4 | 5.0
Min | 16.7 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 8.4 | 3.1 | 4.7
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------
| _Sorex vagrans parvidens_, San Bernardino Peak, California.
56559 USBS | 17.1 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 2.9 | 4.8
56558 USBS | 16.4 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 4.8
+------------+-------+---------+-------+------------+---------

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1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews
(genera Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:i-vi +
1-238, 13 pls., 24 figs. in text, July 24.

1947. A new shrew (genus Sorex) from Coahuila. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 60:131-132, October 9.

KRUTZSCH, P. H.
1954. North American jumping mice (genus Zapus). Univ. Kansas Publ.,
Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:349-472, 47 figs. in text, 4 tables,
April 21.

MACNAB, J. A., and J. C. DIRKS.
1941. The California red-backed mouse in the Oregon Coast Range.
Jour. Mamm., 22:174-180, May 14.

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1940. Speciation phenomena in birds. Amer. Nat., 74:249-278.

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1895. Synopsis of the American shrews of the genus Sorex. in
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1899. Results of a biological survey of Mt. Shasta, California.
N. Amer. Fauna, 16:1-179, 46 figs. in text, 5 pls.,
October 28.

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1933. The ecological relationship of two species of _Peromyscus_
in the Glacier Park region, Montana. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool.,
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1945. Longevity of the short-tailed shrew. Amer. Midl. Nat.,
34:531-546, 2 tables, 4 figs. in text, September.

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1954. Aging in the masked shrew, _Sorex cinereus cinereus_ Kerr.
Jour. Mamm., 35:35-39, February 10.

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1933. Zoologische systematik und artbildungsproblem. Ver. deutsch.
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1953. Differentiation in shrews of the tidal marshes of the San
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1945. The principles of classification and a classification of
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1938. A systematic review of the genus Phylloscopus. British Mus.,
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UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS

MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's
supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published
to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1, Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.

*Vol 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest.
Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and
distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures
in text. June 12, 1951.

*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds.
By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text.
June 29, 1951.

3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale
Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables.
October 10, 1951.

4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H.
Lowery, Jr. and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649,
7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.

Index. Pp. 651-681.

*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466,
41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.

Vol. 5. 1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the
Angels Peak area, New Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson.
Pp. 1-11, 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951.

2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951.

3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado.
By E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32.
February 28, 1951.

4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier
beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall.
Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951.

5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of
some North American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and
Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. October 1, 1951.

6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico
and Colorado. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in
text. October 1, 1951.

7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and
comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond
Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 73-79. October 1, 1951.

8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern
Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951.

9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H.
Baker. Pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text. November 28, 1951.

*10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E.
Raymond Hall. Pp. 119-202, 68 figures in text.
December 15, 1951.

11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas.
By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951.

12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker.
Pp. 207-218. December 15, 1951.

13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and
Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222.
December 15, 1951.

14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall.
Pp. 223-226. December 15, 1951.

15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeessa.
By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952.

16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of
some North American woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R.
Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April 10, 1952.

17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel,
Sciurus aureogaster. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250,
1 figure in text. April 10, 1952.

18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with
description of new subspecies. By Rollin H. Baker.
Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952.

19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills.
By John A. White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952.

20. A new pinon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango,
Mexico. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267.
May 23, 1952.

21. An annotated checklist of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L.
Webb and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952.

22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus
Clethrionomys) of the southern Rocky Mountain region.
By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. Pp. 281-292,
1 figure in text. November 15, 1952.

23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of
North American microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and
E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. November 17, 1952.

24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths.
By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-337.
November 21, 1952.

25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of
some North American marsupials, insectivores, and
carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson.
Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952.

26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of
some North American rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and
Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. December 15, 1952.

27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents.
By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498,
149 figures in text. January 15, 1953.

28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text.
June 1, 1953.

29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus
fasciatus. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures
in text. August 1, 1953.

30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from
Colorado. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, 2 figures
in text. August 15, 1953.