Chapter XIII: The Lower Extremities

The lower extremities resemble the upper very closely in the arrangement of the bones, muscles, arteries, and nerves, though modifications occur, due to the difference in function of the lower limbs. There is one long bone in the upper part or thigh, the femur, and two in the lower part or leg, the tibia and fibula, while over the knee-joint is the patella or knee-cap. The ankle has seven bones and the foot nineteen like the hand.

=The Femur.=--The femur is the longest bone in the body, being about one-fourth the height of the person. It inclines toward its fellow at the knee in order to bring the knee-joints near the center of gravity in walking, the amount of inclination varying with the width of the hips and the height of the person. On account of the greater width of hip the tendency to knock-knee is greater in women than in men.

The _shaft_ of the femur is enlarged at the extremities and is slightly curved forward, the concavity being strengthened at the back by a longitudinal ridge, the _linea aspera_, along part of which the gluteus maximus muscle is attached. The _head_, which is covered with cartilage, except for an oval depression for the attachment of the ligamentum teres, one of the ligaments of the hip-joint, and which articulates with the hollow of the acetabulum in the os innominatum, projects considerably upward, inward, and forward from the shaft, the _neck_ varying much in length and angle. It is generally more horizontal in women than in men and in rickets the great weight on the softened bone tends to press the head down, causing the deformity known as “_coxa vera_”, in which the neck is almost horizontal. Extending upward, outward, and backward from the shaft at the base of the neck, about three-quarters of an inch lower than the head and about on a level with the acetabulum and the spine of the os pubis, is the _greater trochanter_. This large, irregular prominence and the smaller one of the _lesser trochanter_, which is at the lower part of the base of the neck posteriorly, are for the attachment of muscles and to assist in rotating the bone. The lower extremity of the femur is larger than the upper and is flat from before backward. Between its two large eminences, the external and internal _condyles_, is a smooth depression in front, the _trochlear surface_, for articulation with the patella. The external condyle is more prominent in front, the internal inferiorly, the latter being the longer of the two by about half an inch. The _epiphysis_ at the lower end of the femur is the only one in which ossification has begun at birth. Therefore, if ossification is found there, the child is known to have arrived at full term.

So many large muscles are attached to the femur that the shaft cannot be detected in the living unless the person is very thin and poorly developed. The outer surface of the greater trochanter, however, and the condyles can be felt.

A string stretched from the anterior superior spine of the ilium to the tuberosity of the ischium passes in the middle just over the upper edge of the greater trochanter. The line thus drawn is known as _Nélaton’s line_ and is of considerable importance in many conditions of the hip. Thus, if the hip is dislocated, the trochanter will be thrown above _Nélaton’s line_, and in osteomalacia the pelvis sinks and the trochanter is again above the line.

=Thigh Muscles.=--Of the thigh muscles only a few need be mentioned. One large muscle is the _psoas magnus_, which has its origin on the front of the last dorsal and all the lumbar vertebræ, passes down across the brim of the pelvis and under Poupart’s ligament, gradually diminishing in size, and terminates in a tendon that is inserted into the lesser trochanter. It serves to flex the thigh on the pelvis and to rotate it outward. The _psoas parvus_ rises from the last dorsal and the first lumbar vertebræ and does not go out of the pelvis.

The _sartorius_ or _tailor muscle_ is flat and ribbon-like and is the longest muscle in the body. It rises from the anterior superior spine of the ilium and is inserted into the upper inner surface of the shaft of the tibia. By it the legs are crossed. It also forms the outer side of an important landmark, _Scarpa’s triangle_, whose base is formed by Poupart’s ligament and the inner side by the _adductor magnus muscle_, which passes from the ramus of the os pubis and the tuberosity of the ischium to the linea aspera. The _femoral artery_ bisects the triangle and runs into its apex.

The bulk of the anterior portion of the thigh is formed by the _quadriceps extensor_, which is really made up of four muscles, the _rectus femoris_, whose origin is on the anterior inferior iliac spine and above the acetabulum; the _vastus externus_, which comes from the greater trochanter and the upper linea aspera; and the _vastus internus_ and _crureus_, which rise from the neck of the femur and the linea aspera. It is inserted into the tubercle of the tibia by the _ligamentum patellæ_, in which the patella lies. Its action is to extend the leg.

At the back and forming the _buttocks_ are the three glutei muscles, the _gluteus maximus_, _medius_, and _minimus_. All these rise from the outer side of the ilium and have their insertion on or about the great trochanter. They serve to hold the trunk erect and to extend, abduct, and rotate the thigh.

FIG. 75.--Superficial muscles of hip and thigh (from behind): 1, Gluteus medius; 2, gluteus maximus; 3, vastus externus; 4, biceps flexor cruris; 5, semitendinosus; 6, semimembranosus; 7, gracilis; 8, sartorius; 9, adductor magnus; 10, 11, gastrocnemius; 12, origin of plantaris. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)

FIG. 76.--Muscles of the inner side of thigh and interior of pelvis: 1, Iliacus; 2, psoas magnus; 3, obturator internus; 4, pyriformis; 5, erector spinæ; 6, gluteus maximus; 7, sartorius; 8, adductor longus; 9, gracilis; 10, adductor magnus; 11, semimembranosus; 12, semitendinosus; 13, rectus femoris; 14, vastus internus. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)

FIG. 77.--Superficial muscles of front of thigh: 1, Insertion of external oblique into iliac crest; 2, aponeurosis of external oblique; 3, external abdominal ring; 4, gluteus medius; 5, tensor vaginæ formoris; 6, sartorius; 7, iliopsoas; 8, pectineus; 9, adductor longus; 10, gracilis; 11, adductor magnus; 12, vastus externus; 13, rectus femoris; 14, vastus internus; 15, biceps flexor cruris. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)]

Lower down and forming the back of the thigh are the biceps and the semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. The _biceps_ rises by two heads from the tuberosity of the ischium and the linea aspera and is inserted into the head of the fibula. It is on the outer side of the thigh and its tendon, which embraces the external lateral ligament of the knee-joint, forms the _outer hamstring_. On the inner side are the _semitendinosus_ and the _semimembranosus muscles_. These rise from the tuberosity of the ischium and are inserted, the one into the upper inner surface of the shaft of the tibia and the other into the internal tuberosity of the tibia. Their tendons form the _inner hamstring_. Like the biceps they serve to extend the thigh and flex the leg on the thigh, but where the biceps rotates the leg out they, being attached to the inner side of the leg bones, rotate it in.

=The patella=, or _small pan_, is a flat, somewhat triangular bone developed in the quadriceps extensor tendon. Four _muscles_ are attached to it as well as the ligamentum patellæ, which holds it to the tibia and gives increased leverage by making the quadriceps extensor work at a greater angle. It articulates with the condyles and serves to protect the joint. One bursa, the _prepatella bursa_, separates it from the skin and another, surrounded by adipose tissue, from the head of the tibia. The external surface can be seen and felt on the front of the knee and the bone can be moved from side to side when the leg is straight.

=Joints of the Lower Extremity.=--The _hip-joint_ is a ball-and-socket joint but is not so freely movable as the shoulder-joint, the head of the femur being held in the acetabulum by many strong ligaments, of which the most important is the _capsular_ ligament.

The _knee-joint_ is largely a hinge joint, but in some positions it has some rotation. It is formed by the condyles of the femur, the head of the tibia, and the patella, and has fourteen ligaments, including the _ligamentum patellæ_ and the _crucial ligaments_. Its synovial sac is the largest found in any joint. Two _semilunar cartilages_, placed on the head of the tibia, serve to deepen the socket for the condyles, changing somewhat in shape and thickness as the joint moves. The interval between the thigh and the leg bones can be felt at the knee. When the leg is extended the juncture of the bones is slightly above the patella, while in flexion a knife passed below the apex of the patella will pass into the joint.

_Congenital dislocation_ of the hip occurs. _Separation of the epiphysis of the femur_ may occur and sometimes the neck, rarely the lower part of the shaft, is _fractured_. Either condyle may be fractured off or there may be a T-fracture, in which case the popliteal artery may be injured. In _dislocation_ the head may be behind or in front of the acetabulum. _Impacted hip_, where the neck of the femur has, in a fall, been driven into the head, is common in old people. Sometimes, especially in young children, the bone is infected, _osteomyelitis_. _Sarcoma_ occurs. Most tubercular disease of the hip originates at the upper extremity of the femur, _tuberculosis_ generally starting in the head and then attacking the capsule and the soft parts of the joint. If neglected, shortening of the leg may result, in which case the bone has to be broken and set at an angle in order to enable the child to walk.

FIG. 78.--Right knee-joint, posterior view. (Leidy.)

FIG. 79.--Right knee-joint, showing internal ligaments: 2, anterior crucial ligament; 3, posterior crucial ligament; 4, transverse ligament; 6, 7, semilunar fibro-cartilages. (Leidy.)]

Occasionally a bit of cartilage gets broken off in the knee-joint and wedged between the bones, so that the joint cannot be straightened. This is _dislocation of the semilunar cartilage_ and necessitates an operation for removal of the piece. The cartilage will eventually be replaced by fibrous tissue and in a few months the leg will be all right. _Dislocation of the knee_ is rare, though it may occur in any direction. Often the bursæ of the joint are irritated, as by kneeling to scrub floors, and _bursitis_ or _housemaid’s knee_ results. _Fracture of the patella_ may be caused by muscular traction or by direct violence, and is generally repaired by making an incision and sewing the parts of the bone together. _Tumor albus_ or _white swelling_ is _tuberculosis of the knee_ and is fairly common in children. _Specific knee_ means _syphilis of the knee_ and generally occurs in both knees.

=The Tibia.=--The tibia or _shin bone_ is next longest to the femur and is on the inner side of the leg, corresponding to the ulna in the arm. The _shaft_ is prismoid and is more slender for the lower quarter, where fracture is consequently most frequent. The anterior border forms the _crest_ or shin and can be felt for its upper two-thirds. The lower extremity, which is smaller than the upper, articulates with the astragalus bone of the ankle and with the fibula. Its _head_ or upper extremity is expanded into two lateral _tuberositis_ for articulation with the femur and for muscular attachment, both of which can easily be felt just below the bend of the knee. Their upper surfaces are smooth and concave, with a vertical bifid spine in the middle and a prominent tubercle for the attachment of the semilunar cartilages on either side. On the anterior surface of the head, below, is a rough eminence or tubercle, which also can be felt. The lower part of this is for the attachment of the ligamentum patellæ, while the upper part, which is smoother, is for the bursa that is placed under the tendon to prevent friction. On the back of the outer tuberosity is a facet for the head of the fibula. At the lower end there projects downward on the inner side, overhanging the arch of the foot, the _internal malleolus_, the prominent part of the ankle. It is on a higher level and somewhat farther forward than the _external malleolus_.

=The Fibula.=--The fibula is the most slender of all the bones in proportion to its length and is on the outer side of the leg. Its _head_ is small and placed toward the back of the tibia below the knee-joint, from which it is excluded. The head articulates with the external tuberosity and has extending upward from it the styloid process. To it is attached the _biceps tendon_ or _outer hamstring_. At the lower extremity of the shaft is the _external malleolus_, which articulates with the astragalus and forms the outer ankle. The only parts of the fibula that can be felt, besides the malleolus, which is very prominent, are the head and the lower external surface of the shaft.

In _fracture of the leg_ both bones are usually broken, though either may be broken separately. _Pott’s fracture_ is fracture of the lower fibula, and may be caused by stamping hard when stepping on to the sidewalk. In rickets the tibia becomes bowed outward and forward, causing _bow leg_, a condition which in very young children may be rectified by manipulation. Later on braces are needed and after five years the bones have to be broken and set straight.

=The Ankle.=--The ankle or _tarsus_ has but seven bones where the wrist has eight. They are the _os calcis_ or _heel bone_, which is the largest and strongest and forms the tuberosity of the heel; the _astragalus_, which is next largest and helps to form the ankle-joint; the _cuboid_; the _navicular_ (_boat-like_) or _scaphoid_; and the internal, middle, and external _cuneiform bones_. The astragalus is above and partially in front of the os calcis, to which is attached the _tendo Achillis_. The _cuboid_ is on the outer side of the foot, in front of the os calcis and behind the metatarsals. It is noticeable in _congenital club-foot_, in which condition the tarsal bones may be distorted in shape and misplaced. The _navicular_ or _scaphoid_ is on the inner side of the foot, between the astragalus and the three cuneiform bones.

=The Foot.=--There are five _metatarsal bones_ in the foot, corresponding to the five metacarpals in the hand, and the toes have the same number of _phalanges_ as the fingers, though they are shorter and stronger. The big toe corresponds to the thumb.

_Fracture_ of the os calcis and the astragalus are most commonly caused by a fall from a height, while the metatarsals and phalanges are generally broken by something heavy falling upon them. Because of their delicate structure, their distance from the heart, and the differences of temperature to which they are subjected, the tarsal bones are especially liable to become _tubercular_, amputation of the feet even becoming necessary at times. In diabetes there may be a perforating ulcer on the sole of the foot and the bone may become diseased.

FIG. 81.--Superficial muscles of the leg from inner side: 1, Vastus internus; 2, sartorius; 3, gracilis; 4, semitendinosus; 5, semimembranosus; 6, inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, soleus; 8, tendon of plantaris; 9, tendon of tibialis posticus; 10, flexor longus digitorum; 11, flexor longus hallucis; 12, tibialis anticus; 13, abductor hallucis. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)

FIG. 82.--Muscles of leg and foot (from before): 1, Tendon of rectus femoris; 2, vastus internus; 3, vastus externus; 4, sartorius; 5, iliotibial band; 6, inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, inner part of soleus; 8, tibialis anticus; 9, extensor proprius hallucis; 10, extensor longus digitorum; 11, peroneus longus; 12, peroneus brevis; 13, peroneus tertius; 14, origin of extensor brevis digitorum. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)

FIG. 83.--Superficial muscles of leg (from behind): 1, Vastus externus; 2, biceps flexor cruris; 3, semitendinosus; 4, semimembranosus; 5, gracilis; 6, sartorius; 7, outer, and 8, inner, head of gastrocnemius; 9, plantaris; 10, soleus; 11, peroneus longus; 12, peroneus brevis; 13, flexor longus digitorum; 14, tibialis posticus; 15, lower fibers of flexor longus hallucis. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)]

=Muscles of the Leg.=--The greater part of the calf of the leg is formed by the _gastrocnemius_, a large bulging muscle, which rises from the condyles of the femur and is inserted along with the _soleus_, whose origin is on the back of the upper fibula, and the _plantaris_, which comes from the linea aspera, into the os calcis by a common tendon, the _tendo Achillis_, the largest and strongest tendon in the body. Its action is to extend the foot and to rotate it slightly inward. Other extensors of the foot, which also evert it, are the _peroneus longus_ and the _peroneus brevis_ at the upper and outer part of the leg, the former rising from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the upper fibula and being inserted into the first metatarsal and the internal cuneiform, the latter arising from the lower fibula and being inserted into the fifth metatarsal. The foot is flexed, adducted, and rotated inward by means of the _tibialis anticus_, which rises from the outer tuberosity and the upper two-thirds of the outer surface of the tibia and is inserted into the internal cuneiform bone.

In the foot, and corresponding to the palmar fascia in the hand, is the _plantar fascia_, the densest of all fibrous membranes. There are also various annular ligaments, and the _foot muscles_ are arranged similarly to those in the hand.

=The Blood Supply of the Lower Extremity.=--The blood supply of the lower extremity comes from the _external iliac artery_, a branch of the _common iliac_, which passes obliquely downward and outward along the border of the psoas muscle to Poupart’s ligament, where it enters the thigh and becomes the _femoral artery_. Its only important branches are the _deep epigastric_, which goes up along the internal abdominal ring, and the _deep circumflex iliac_. As the _femoral artery_ it passes down the inner side of the thigh to the internal condyle of the femur, being very superficial at Scarpa’s triangle, where it can be compressed with the thumb to stop hemorrhage below. If a tourniquet is applied, it should be applied a little lower down. The first and most important branch of the femoral is the _profunda femoris_.

About two-thirds of the way to the knee the artery takes the name _popliteal_. It lies superficially in the popliteal space back of the knee, but above and below it is covered with muscles. Its branches supply the knee-joint and nearby muscles and are unimportant. At the lower border of the _popliteus muscle_, a small muscle at the knee, it divides into the _anterior and posterior tibial arteries_. The course of the former of these may be marked by a line from the inner side of the head of the fibula to midway between the malleoli at the front of the ankle, where it terminates in the _dorsalis pedis artery_ for the back of the foot. By this last the pulse is sometimes taken and its pulsation is a guide in determining how high up to amputate in gangrene of the foot. The posterior tibial extends obliquely down the back of the leg to the heel, where it divides into the _internal and external plantar arteries_ which go to the sole of the foot. Its most important branch is the _peroneal_.

Besides the _deep veins_ accompanying the arteries there are the _superficial veins_, the _internal_ or _long saphenous_ on the inner side of the leg and thigh and the _external_ or _short saphenous_ on the middle of the leg posteriorly and emptying into the popliteal vein. Varicosity often occurs in these veins.

=Nerves.=--The nerves of the muscles about the hip are branches of the _lumbar nerve_. The _anterior crural_ supplies the anterior part of the thigh, the _gluteal_ the muscles of the same name, and the _great sciatic_ the large muscles of the back of the thigh. Below the knee the _anterior tibial_ goes to the tibialis anticus and the _internal popliteal_ to the muscles of the calf, while the peroneus muscles are supplied by the _musculo-cutaneous_.

INDEX.

Abdomen, 132
muscles, 132, _et seq._
nerves, 134
regions, 134, 135
contents, 135, 136
Abdominal aorta, 107, 109
Abducens nerve, 83
Abscess, 34, 51, 52, 100, 137, 152, 159, 168
Absorbent vessels or lymphatics, 34
Absorption of food, 33
in intestines, 144
in mouth, 136
in stomach, 140
Accommodation of eye, 72
Acetabulum, 162, 187
Acromion process, 173
Adam’s apple, 121
Adductor magnus muscle, 190
Adenoids, 62
Adipose tissue, 16
Air, changes by breathing, 129, 130
complemental, 129
residual, 129
supplemental, 129
tidal, 129
Air cells, 27
Albumin in urine, 158
Albuminoids, 12
Alimentary canal, 136, _et seq._
Alveoli of lungs, 126
Amœba, 12
Ampullæ of mamma or breast, 100
Amputation, 177
Amylopsin, 144
Anabolism, 147
Anasarca, 152
Anatomy, 11
Anconeus muscle, 182, 183
Anemia, 120
Aneurism, 109
Ankle, 195
Annular ligaments, 184, 198
Ano-spinal reflex, 146
Antrum of Highmore, 54, 57
Anus, 141, 146
Aorta, 99, 107, 109
Aortic valve, 104
Aponeuroses, 23
Apoplexy, 79, 118
Appendages of the skin, 40
Appendix, vermiform, 145
Aqueous humor, 70
Arachnoid, 76
Areola, 100
Areolar tissue, 15
Arteries, 27, 28, 29, 107
nerves, 29
of back, 94, 95
of brain, 77
of breast, 100
of chest, 99
of heart, 107
of intestine, 143, 145
of kidney, 156
of lower extremity, 198, 199
of organs of generation, 168
of pancreas, 153
of spleen, 153
of stomach, 139
of upper extremity, 185, 186
structure, 27
Artery, axillary, 99, 100, 108, 185
basilar, 77, 108
brachial, 108, 177, 185
carotid, common, 107, 108
internal and external, 108, 137
celiac axis, 109, 143, 150, 153
cerebral, 77
circumflex, 186
coronary, 107
communicating, 78
digital, 186
dorsalis pedis, 199
epigastric, deep, 198
facial, 28
femoral, 190, 198
gastric, 109
hepatic, 109, 150
iliac, common, 107, 109
internal and external, 95, 109, 198
circumflex, 198
innominate, 107
intercostal, 95, 97, 100, 108
lumbar, 95, 109
mammary, internal, 99, 100, 108
mediastinal, 99
mesenteric, 109, 143, 145, 153
ophthalmic, 70
peroneal, 199
phrenic, 99, 109
plantar, internal and external, 199
popliteal, 198
profunda, superior and inferior, 175, 186
femoris, 198
pudic, 168
pulmonary, 106, 110
radial, 108, 185
renal, 109
spermatic or ovarian, 109, 168
splenic, 109, 153
subclavian, 94, 99, 107, 108, 185
suprarenal, 109
suprascapular, 94
thyroid axis, 108
tibial, 198
transversalis colli, 94
ulnar, 108, 185
umbilical, 107
uterine, 168
vertebral, 77
Arytenoid cartilages, 122
Ascending aorta, 107
colon, 145
Ascites, 34, 152
Asphyxia, 128
Astigmatism, 73
Astragalus, 195
Atlas, 91
Auditory meatus, 52
canal, external, 63
internal, 64
center, 81
nerve, 64, 65, 84
Auricles of heart, 103
Axilla, 32
Axillary artery, 99, 100, 108, 185
Axis, 91
Axis-cylinder process, 36, 37

Back, 88, _et seq._
muscles, 93, 94
arteries, 94, 95
nerves, 95
Basilar artery, 77, 108
Basilic vein, 109
Biceps of arm, 175, 176
of leg, 190, 191
Bicipital groove, 175
Bicuspid or mitral valve, 104
teeth, 60
Bile, 36, 143, 150
Bilirubin, 12, 143, 151
Biliverdin, 143, 151
Bladder, 160
Blind spot, 70
Blood, 27, 116, _et seq._
amount, 116
arterial and venous, 29
circulation of, 29, 105, _et seq._
coagulation, 117, 118
coloring matter, 119
composition, 116, 117
corpuscles, 116, 118, _et seq._
fibrin, 117
functions of, 116
plaques, 120
plasma, 33, 116, 117
pressure, 114, 115
serum, 117
vessels, 27, _et seq._
Bone, 17
astragalus, 195
atlas, 91
axis, 91
canaliculi, 17
cancellous or spongy, 17
carpal, 180, 181
chemical composition, 18
clavicle, 171
coccyx, 90, 161
compact, 17, 18
cuboid, 195
cuneiform, 181, 195
endosteum of, 18
ethmoid, 48, 53
femur, 187
fibula, 194, 195
formation of, 18
frontal, 49
Haversian canals of, 17
humerus, 175
hyoid, 60
ilium, 161, 162
incus, 63
innominate, 161, 162
ischium, 161, 163
lachrymal, 48, 54
lacunæ of, 17
lamellæ of, 17
malar, 48, 54
malleus, 63
marrow of, 18
maxillary, inferior, 48, 55
superior, 48, 54
metacarpal, 181
metatarsal, 195
nasal, 48, 55
navicular, 195
occipital, 48, 50
os calcis, 195
os innominatum, 161, 162
os magnum, 181
palate, 48, 54
parietal, 48, 49
patella, 19, 192
pelvis, 161
periosteum of, 18
phalanges, of foot, 195
of hand, 181
pisiform, 181
pubes, 161, 163
radius, 178, 179
ribs, 97, 98
sacrum, 90, 161
scaphoid, 181, 195
scapula, 173
semilunar, 181
sphenoid, 48, 52
stapes, 63
sternum, 97
structure of, 17
tarsal, 195
temporal, 48, 51
tibia, 194
trapezium, 181
trapezoid, 181
turbinated, 53
inferior, 48, 53, 54
ulna, 177, 178
unciform, 181
vertebræ, 88
vomer, 48, 55
Bones, classification of, 19
flat, 20
function of, 19, 20
long, 19
of back, 88
of chest, 97, 98
of cranium, 48, _et seq._
of face, 53, _et seq._
of lower extremity, 187, _et seq._
of upper extremity, 171, _et seq._
pelvic, 161, _et seq._
sesamoid, 19
short, 20
Wormian, 19, 49
Bow leg, 195
Brachial artery, 108, 177, 185
plexus, 84, 85
Brachialis anticus, 175, 177
Brain, 75, _et seq._
areas, 81, 82
arteries, 77
function, 80, _et seq._
parts, 75
Broad ligaments of uterus, 165, 166, 168
Bronchi, 123, 125
Buffy coat, 117
Bursæ, synovial, 20, 178
Bursitis, 194
Buttocks, 190

Canal, alimentary, 136, _et seq._
auditory, 63, 64
central, of cord, 81
Haversian, 17
semicircular, 64, 66
Canaliculi of bone, 17
Cancellous tissue of bone, 17
Cancer, 35, 58, 62, 100, 122, 139, 146, 169
Canine teeth, 60
Canthus of eye, 67, 68
Capillaries, 28, 29
Capitellum, 175
Capsular ligament of hip, 193
Carbohydrates, 12, 26, 147, 148, 151
Cardiac cycle, 104
muscle, 22, 25
nerve, 78
plexus, 87
Caries, 98
Carotids, common, 107, 108
internal and external, 108, 137
Carpal bones, 180, 181
Carpus or wrist, 180, 181
Cartilage, 16
Cartilages, arytenoid, 122
costal, 98
cricoid, 121
thyroid, 121
triangular, 57
Casein, 11
Cauda equina, 79, 91
Cecum, 145
Celiac axis, 109, 150, 153
Cells, 12, 13
Central canal of cord, 81
Cephalocele, 53
Cerebellum, 51, 78
Cerebral arteries, 77
veins, 78
Cerebro-spinal fluid, 34, 76, 79
meningitis, 79
nervous system, 75, _et seq._
Cerebrum or brain proper, 51, 75
Cervical nerves, 84
plexus, 84
vertebræ, 90, 91
Cervix of uterus, 168
Chemical composition of the body, 11
of bone, 18
Chest or thorax, 96
arteries, 99
bones, 97, 98
muscles, 98, 99
nerves, 99
Cholesterin, 143
Chordæ tendineæ, 104
Choroid, 68
Chromatic aberration, 73
Chyle, 32, 33, 144
Chyme, 139, 140
Cilia, 15, 27
Ciliary muscles, 69, 72
processes, 69, 72
Circle of Willis, 78, 108
Circulation of the blood, fetal, 106, 107
portal, 109, 110
pulmonary, 110
systemic, 105, 106, 107, _et seq._, 112, 113
Circumflex artery, 186
Circumflex nerve, 85, 186
Circumvallate papillæ, 61
Cirrhosis of liver, 152
Clavicle, 171
Cleft palate, 55
Clitoris, 170
Clotting of blood, 23, 117, 118
of lymph, 33
of muscle, 23
Club-foot, 195
Coccygeal nerve, 84
vertebræ, 90
Coccyx, 90, 161
Cochlea, 64, 65
Colles’ fracture, 171, 180
Color blindness, 73
perception, 73
Coloring matters, 12
of bile, 143, 151
of blood, 119
Colon, ascending, 145
descending, 145
transverse, 145
Columnæ carneæ, 104
Commissures of cord, 80
Common bile duct, 150
Communicating arteries, 78
Compact tissue of bone, 17, 18
Condyles, humerus, 175
femur, 189
Conjunctiva, 67
Conjugate focus, 71
Convolutions of brain, 76
Connective tissue, 15, _et seq._
areolar, 15
bony, 17
cartilaginous, 16
elastic, 15
fatty or adipose, 16
fibrous, 15
Coraco-brachialis, 177
Coracoid process of scapula, 173
Cordiform tendon, 98
Cornea, 27, 68, 70
Cornicula laryngis, 122
Coronary artery, 107
sinus, 105
valve, 105
Coronal suture, 48
Coronoid fossa, 175
process, 178
Corpus luteum, 166
Corpuscles of blood, 116, 118, _et seq._
tactile, 37, 39, 46
Corti, organ of, 65
Costal cartilages, 98
Coughing, 131
“Coxa vera,” 189
Cranial nerves, 77, 78, 83, 84
Craniotabes, 53
Cranium, bones of, 48, _et seq._
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, 53
Cricoid cartilage, 121
Crista galli, 53
Cross eye, 72
Crossed pyramidal tract, 82
Crucial ligaments, 193
Crural nerves, 85, 199
Crureus, 190
Crying, 131
Crypts of Lieberkühn, 143, 144, 145
Crystalline lens, 69, 70
Cuboid bone, 195
Cuneiform bones, ankle, 195
wrist, 181
cartilages, 122
Cutaneous nerves, 46, 85
Cystic duct, 143, 152

Deltoid, 174
Dendrites, 36
Derma, 39
Descending aorta, 107
colon, 145
Diabetes mellitus, 151, 196
Diaphragm, 98, 99, 128
Diaphysis, 18
Diastole, 104, 106
Differentiation of tissues, 13
Digestion, in mouth, 136
in small intestine, 143, 144
in stomach, 139, 140
of fats, 144
of proteids, 140, 144
of starch, 136, 144
Digital arteries, 186
Diphtheria, 35
Diploë, 20, 48
Direct cerebellar tract, 82
pyramidal tract, 80, 82
Dislocation, 180, 193, 194
Diuretics, 158
Dorsal or thoracic nerves, 84, 85
vertebræ, 90, 91
Dorsalis pedis artery, 199
Duct, common bile, 150
cystic, 143, 152
ejaculatory, 165
hepatic, 143, 150
lachrymal, 68
of Rivinus, 62
pancreatic, 153
right lymphatic, 31, 32
Stensen’s, 62
Wharton’s, 62
Ductless glands, 36
Ductus arteriosus, 106, 107
communis choledochus or common bile duct, 150
Duodenum, 142
Dupuytren’s contraction, 184
Dura mater, 15, 76, 79
Ear, 63, _et seq._
external, 63
function of, 65
internal, 64
function of, 65
middle, 63
function of, 65
Edema, 33, 34, 122
Eighth nerve, 64, 84
Ejaculatory duct, 165
Elbow, 32
joint, 185
Elastic tissue, 15
Eleventh nerve, 84
Emmetropic eye, 72
Emphysema, 97
Empyema of gall-bladder, 152, 153
of lungs, 126
End bulbs, 37
Endocardium, 103
Endolymph, 64, 65
Endosteum, 18
Endothelium, 14, 40
Ensiform cartilage, 97
Epidermis, 27, 39
Epigastric artery, 198
Epigastrium, 135
Epiglottis, 60, 121, 136
Epiphysis, 18, 189, 193
Epithelium, 14, 27
ciliated, 15, 27
columnar, 14
glandular, 14
pavement, 14
simple, 14
stratified, 14
Erythrocytes, 118, 119
Esophagus, 138
Ethmoid bone, 53
Eustachian tubes, 52, 63
valve, 106, 107
Excreting glands, 35
Extensor carpi radialis longior, 182, 183
brevior, 182, 183
ulnaris, 182, 183
communis digitorum, 182, 184
indicis, 182, 184
minimi digiti, 182, 184
ossis metacarpi pollicis, 182, 183
primi internodii pollicis, 182, 183
secundi internodii pollicis, 182, 183
Eye, 66, _et seq._
accommodation, 72
coats of, 68
color of, 69
formation of image in, 70, _et seq._
humors of, 70
muscles of, 67
nerves of, 67, 68
teeth, 60
Eyeball, 66
Eyebrows, 66
Eyelashes, 67
Eyelids, 66, 67

Face, bones of, 53, _et seq._
Facial artery, 28
nerve, 83, 84
Fallopian tubes, 166, 167
Far-sightedness, 72, 73
Fat or adipose tissue, 16
Fats, 12, 147, 148
absorption, 144
digestion, 143, 144
False pelvis, 163
ribs, 97
Fascia, lumbar, 133
Fascia, palmar, 184
plantar, 198
Fasciæ, 15, 21
Fasciculi, 21
Fauces, pillars of, 59
Feces, 146
Female generative organs, 163, 165, _et seq._
Femoral artery, 190, 198
Femur, 187
Fenestra ovalis, 63, 65
rotunda, 65
Ferments, 12, 136, 144
Fetal circulation, 106, 107
Fetus, 111
Fever, 45
Fibrin, 11, 23, 33, 117
ferment, 117
Fibrinogen, 117
Fibrous tissue, 15
Fibula, 194, 195
Fifth nerve, 83
Filum terminale, 78, 91
Fimbriæ, 167
First nerve, 83
Fissure of Rolando, 75, 82
of Sylvius, 75
Flexor carpi radialis, 182, 183
ulnaris, 182, 183
longus pollicis, 182, 183
profundus digitorum, 182, 183
sublimis digitorum, 182, 183
Floating ribs, 97
Follicles, Graafian, 166
Fontanelles, 19, 49
Food, 147
amount, 148
classes of, 147
cooking, 148
function, 147, 148
Foot, bones of, 195, 196
muscles of, 198
Foramen, intervertebral, 90
magnum, 50
nutrient, 19
obturator, 163
of Majendie, 79
optic, 66, 70
ovale, 106
Foreign bodies, 118, 122, 137, 146
Fossa, coronoid, 175
glenoid, 51
iliac, 163
nasal, 55, 57
olecranon, 175
Fourchette, 170
Fourth nerve, 68, 83
Fovea centralis, 70
Fractures, 98, 164, 171, 174, 175, 177, 180, 181, 193, 194, 195, 196
Frenum of tongue, 60
Frontal bone, 48, 49

Gall-bladder 143, 152, 153
stones, 143
Ganglia, 87, 110
Gangrene, 180, 199
Gastric artery, 109
glands, 35
juice, 139
vein, 110, 150
Gastrocnemius, 196
Generative organs, female, 163, 165, _et seq._
male, 163, 164, 165
Genito-crural nerve, 85
Gladiolus 97
Glands, 32, 35, 36
ductless, 36
excreting, 35
functions, 36
gastric, 35
lachrymal, 68
lymphatic, 32, 34, 35
mammary, 99, 100
Meibomian, 67
of Lieberkühn, 143, 144, 145
parotid, 51, 62
Peyer’s, 142
procreating, 165
prostate, 164, 165
racemose, 35
salivary, 35, 61, 136
sebaceous, 35, 40, 41
secreting, 35
solitary, 142, 145
sublingual, 56, 62
submaxillary, 56, 62
sweat, 35, 42
thymus, 124
thyroid, 124
Glenoid cavity, 173
fossa, 51
Globulin, 11
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, 61, 84
Glottis, 122, 129
Gluteal nerves, 199
Glutei muscles, 190
Glycogen, 26, 36, 150, 151
Goiter, 124
Gonorrhea, 160, 168
Graafian follicles, 166
Gray matter of brain and cord, 36, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81
Green-stick fracture, 19
Groin, glands of, 32, 35
Gustatory cells, 61

Hair, 27, 40
follicle, 40
Hamstring, inner, 191
outer, 191
Hard palate, 55, 59
Haversian canals, 17
Hearing, sense of, 65
Heart, 101, _et seq._
beat, 102, 104, 111, 112
nerves, 110, 111
position, 102
sounds, 111
structure, 103, 104
Heat center, 45
production, 44
prostration, 45
stroke, 45
Hemoglobin, 119, 130
Hemorrhage, 139, 186
Hemorrhoidal veins, 146
Hemorrhoids, 146
Henle’s loops, 156
Hepatic artery, 109, 150
duct, 143, 150
flexure, 145, 146
veins, 110
Hernia, 146, 164
Hiccough, 99, 131
Highmore, antrum of, 54, 57
Hilum of kidney, 155
Hip-joint, 192
Housemaid’s knee, 194
Humerus, 175
Humors of eye, 70
Humpback or Pott’s disease, 91
Hydrocarbons, 12
Hydrocephalus, 34
Hydrochloric acid, 139, 140
Hydrothorax, 34
Hymen, 170
Hyoid bone, 60
Hypermetropia or far-sightedness, 72, 73
Hypochondriac regions, 135
Hypogastric plexus, 87
region, 135
Hypoglossal nerve, 84

Idiocy, 53
Ileo-cecal valve, 142, 145
Ileo-pectineal line, 163
Ileum, 142
Iliac artery, common, 107, 109
deep circumflex, 198
external and internal, 95, 109, 198
fosssæ, 163
Ilio-hypogastric nerve, 85
Ilio-inguinal nerve, 85
Ilium, 161, 162
Impacted hip, 193
Incisor teeth, 60
Incus, 63
Infundibula of lung, 125, 127
Inguinal regions, 135
Innominate artery, 107
bone, 161, 162
veins, 109
Inorganic compounds in body, 12
Intercostal arteries, 95, 97, 100, 108
muscles, 98, 128
nerves, 85, 97, 99, 134
Intercellular substance, 14, 17
Interossei muscles, 184
Interosseous nerves, 85, 186
Internal secretion, 36
Intervertebral foramen, 90
Intestines, 141, _et seq._
large, 141, 145
function, 146
glands, 145
nerves, 145
structure, 145, 146
small, 141, 142, _et seq._
blood-vessels, 143
function, 143, 144
glands, 142, 143
nerves, 143
structure, 142
Intima, 27
Intralobular vein, 150
Intussusception, 146
Involuntary muscle, 21
Iris, 68, 69, 72
Ischium, 161, 163
Island of Reil, 75

Jaundice, 35, 152, 153, 158
Jejunum, 142
Joints, 15, 20
classes of, 20, 21
ankle, 195
elbow, 21, 185
hip, 21, 192
knee, 193
motion of, 20, 21
shoulder, 21, 185
wrist, 185
Jugular veins, 109
Juice, gastric, 139
pancreatic, 143, 144, 153

Katabolism, 147
Kidneys, 155, _et seq._
floating, 159
function, 156, _et seq._
position, 155
structure, 155, 156
Knee-jerk, 83
Knee-joint, 193

Labia majora, 169
minora or nymphæ, 170
Labyrinth, membranous, 64, 65
osseous, 64
Lachrymal bones, 48, 54
canal, 54, 57
duct, 68
gland, 68
sac, 54, 68
Lacteals, 32, 144
Lacunæ of bone, 17
Lambdoidal suture, 48
Lamellæ of bone, 17
Laminæ of vertebræ, 89
Large intestine, 141, 145
Laryngitis, 122
Laryngotomy, 122
Larynx, 121
Latissimus dorsi, 93
Laughing, 131
Lens, crystalline, 69, 70
Leucocytes, 33, 34, 119, 120
Levator scapulæ, 93
Levatores of ribs, 129
Lieberkühn, glands of, 143, 144, 145
Ligaments, 15, 20, 21
annular, 184, 198
broad, of uterus, 165, 166, 168
capsular, of hip, 21, 193
crucial, of knee, 193
orbicular, 178
Poupart’s, 132
round, of uterus, 168
suspensory, of liver, 149
thyro-arytenoid, 122
Ligamentum nuchæ, 50, 91, 93
patellæ, 190, 192, 193, 194
teres, 187
Line, Nélaton’s, 189
Linea alba, 132
aspera, 187
Liver, 36, 149, _et seq._
blood supply, 150
diseases of, 152
function, 150, _et seq._
position, 149
structure, 149, 150
Loops of Henle, 156
Lower extremities, 187, _et seq._
Lumbar artery, 95, 109
fascia, 133
nerves, 84, 85
plexus, 84
regions, 135
vertebræ, 90
Lumbricales, 184
Lungs, 125, _et seq._
function, 127, _et seq._
nerves, 127
position, 126
structure, 126, 127
Lupus, 58
Lymph, 30, 32
capillaries, 30
character, 32, 33
flow of, 33
function, 34
spaces, 30
transudation of, 33
Lymphatic glands, 32, 34, 35
system, 27, 29, _et seq._
vessels, 30, 31
valves of, 31, 32, 33

Macula lutea, 70
Malar or cheek bone, 48, 54
Malaria, 154
Male organs of generation, 163, 164, 165
Malleolus of fibula, 194, 195
of tibia, 194
Malleus, 63
Malpighian bodies, 156
pyramids, 156
Mammary artery, internal, 99, 100, 108
glands, 99, 100
Manubrium, 97
Marrow of bone, 18
Masseter, 51, 54
Mastoid abscess, 51, 52
cells, 51, 64
portion of temporal bone, 51
Maxillary bone, inferior, 48, 55
superior, 48, 54
McBurney’s point, 145
Meatus, auditory, 52, 65
nasal, 57
urinarius, 160, 165, 170
Median, cephalic vein, 109
nerve, 85, 186
vein, 109
Mediastinal artery, 99
Mediastinum, 32, 126
Medulla or marrow, 18
Medulla oblongata, 78, 79, 82
Medullary artery, 19
canal, 19
sheath, 37
Meibomian duct, 74
glands, 67
Membrana tympani or drum, 63
Membranous labyrinth, 64, 65
Mesenteric arteries, 109, 143, 145, 153
veins, 110, 150
Mesenteries, 32, 134
Metabolism, 45, 147, 151, 152
Metacarpal bones, 181
Metatarsal bones, 195
Micturition, 157
Milk teeth, 60
Mitral valve, 104
Molar teeth, 60
Monometer, 114
Mons Veneris, 169
Motor areas, 81, 82
center, 81, 82
oculi nerve, 68, 83
tract, 82
Mouth, 59, _et seq._
Mucous membrane, 40
Mucus, 40
Mumps, 62
Muscle, 21, _et seq._
action, 23, 24
cardiac, 22, 25
characteristics, 22, 23, 24, 25
classes of, 21
fatigue of, 26, 27
function of, 24
smooth, 21, 25
sounds, 25
striated, 21, 23, 25
work, 25, 26
Muscles of abdomen, 132, _et seq._
of arm, 175, 176, 177
of back, 93, 94
of chest, 98, 99, 128
of foot, 198
of forearm, 182
of hand, 184
of head, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 67, 69
of leg, 196, _et seq._
of neck, 51, 92, 93, 129
of shoulder, 174
of thigh, 189, _et seq._
Musculo-cutaneous nerve, 85, 186, 199
Musculo-spiral nerve, 85, 175, 186
Musical sounds, 65
Myopia or near-sightedness, 72, 73
Myosin, 11, 23
Myosinogen, 23

Nails, 27, 40
Nares, 57
Nasal bones, 55
duct, 68
fossæ, 55, 57
meatus, 57
Nasal septum, 55
Navicular or scaphoid bone, 195
Near-sightedness, 72, 73
Neck, glands of, 32
muscles of, 51, 92
Nélaton’s line, 189
Nerve, 37
action of, 37, 38, 83
cell or gray matter, 36
fiber or white matter, 36
function, 37
ganglia, 87, 110
motor, 82
plexus, 29, 84, _et seq._
sensory, 82, 83
terminations, 37
Nerves, 24, 36
abducens, 83
auditory, 64, 65, 84
cardiac, 78
cervical, 84
circumflex, 85, 186
coccygeal, 84
cranial, 77, 78, 83, 84
crural, anterior, 85, 199
cutaneous, 46, 85
dorsal or thoracic, 84, 85
eighth, 64, 84
eleventh, 84
facial, 83
fifth, 83
first, 83
fourth, 68, 83
genito-crural, 85
glosso-pharyngeal, 61, 84
gluteal, 199
hypoglossal, 84
ilio-hypogastric, 61, 85
ilio-inguinal, 85
intercostal, 85, 97, 99, 134
interosseous, 85, 186
lumbar, 84, 85
median, 85, 186
motor oculi, 68, 83
musculo-cutaneous, 85, 186, 199
musculo-spiral, 85, 175, 186
ninth, 84
obturator, 85
olfactory, 53, 58, 83
optic, 70, 71, 76, 83
patheticus, 83
phrenic, 85, 99, 130
plantar, 85
pneumogastric, 84, 110, 111, 127, 130, 153
popliteal, 85, 199
post-tibial, 85
radial, 85
sacral, 84
sciatic, 85, 163, 199
second, 70, 83
seventh, 83
sixth, 68, 83
spinal, 84, 95
accessory, 84, 95, 137
suprascapular, 186
sympathetic, 87, 110, 127, 137, 143, 145, 168
tenth, 84
third, 68, 72, 83
thoracic, 186
cutaneous, 100
tibial, 86, 87, 199
trifacial, 61, 83
twelfth, 84
ulnar, 85, 175, 186
vagus, 84, 110, 111, 127, 130, 153
vasoconstrictors, 115
dilators, 115
motor, 29, 78, 115
Nervous system, 38, 75, _et seq._
tissue, 13, 36
Neurilemma, 37
Ninth nerve, 84
Nipple, 100
Nose, 57, 58
bleed, 59
Nucleolus, 12
Nucleus, 12
Nutrient foramen, 19
Nymphæ, 170

Oblique muscles of abdomen, 132
of eye, 68
Obturator foramen, 163
nerve, 85
Occipital bone, 48, 50
Occipito-frontalis muscle, 51
Odontoid process of axis, 91
Olecranon fossa, 175
process, 178
Olfactory bulbs, 53, 58, 76
cells, 58
grooves, 53
nerves, 53, 58, 83
tract, 58, 76
Omenta, 134, 146
Ophthalmic artery, 70
Optic axis, 70
commissure, 76
foramen, 66, 70
nerve, 70, 71, 76, 83
tract, 76
Orbicular ligament, 178
Orbicularis palpebrarum, 67
Orbit of eye, 54, 66
Organ of Corti, 65
Organic compounds in body, 11, 12
Os calcis, 195
innominatum, 161, 162
magnum, 181
uteri, 168
Osseous labyrinth, 64
Ossicles of ear, 63, 65
Osteoblasts, 18
Osteomalacia, 164, 189
Osteomyelitis, 193
Oval window, 63, 64, 65
Ovaries, 165
Ovum, 12, 166, 168
Oxyhemoglobin, 130

Paget’s disease, 53
Pain, sensation of, 47, 81
Palate, bones of, 48, 54
cleft, 55
hard, 55, 59
soft, 59, 60, 136
Palmar, arch, 186
fascia, 184
Palmaris longus, 182, 183
Pancreas, 153
Pancreatic duct, 143, 153
juice, 143, 144, 153
Pancreatitis, 153
Panhysterectomy, 169
Papillæ of skin, 37, 39
of tongue, 61
Paralysis, 79
Parietal bone, 48, 49
Parotid gland, 51, 62
Patella or knee-cap, 19, 192
Patheticus nerve, 83
Pectoral muscles, 99, 128
Pectoralis major, 174
Pedicles of vertebræ, 89
Pelvis, 132, 161, _et seq._
false, 163
of kidney, 156
true, 163, 164
Penis, 160, 165
Pepsin, 140
Peptones, 12, 140, 150
Pericardium, 34, 101, 102
Perichondrium, 16
Perineal body, 170
Perineum, 170
Perilymph, 64, 65
Periosteum, 15, 18, 19, 76
Peripheral resistance, 112, 114
Peristaltic movements, 138, 143, 146
Peritoneum, 134
Permanent teeth, 60
Peroneal artery, 199
Peroneus brevis, 197
longus, 197
Petrous portion of temporal bone, 51, 52
Peyer’s patches or glands, 142
Phalanges of foot, 195
of hand, 181
Pharynx, 59, 136, 137
Physiology, 11
Phrenic artery, 99, 109
nerve, 85, 99, 130
Pia mater, 76
Pigeon breast, 97
Pillars of the fauces, 59, 60
Pink eye, 74
Pinna, 63
Pisiform bone, 181
Pituitary body, 36
Placenta, 106, 107
Plantar artery, 199
fascia, 198
nerve, 86
Plantaris, 197
Plasma of blood, 33, 116, 117
Platysma myoides, 92
Pleuræ, 34, 125
Plexus, 29
brachial, 84, 85
cardiac, 87
cervical, 84
hypogastric, 87
lumbar, 84
sacral, 84, 85
solar, 87, 153
Pneumogastric nerve, 84, 110, 127, 153
Polypi, 58
Pons Varolii, 78
Popliteal artery, 198
nerves, 86, 199
space, 32, 198
Popliteus muscle, 198
Portal circulation, 110
vein, 110, 150
Pott’s disease, 91
fracture, 180, 195
Poupart’s ligament, 132
Prepatella bursa, 192
Prepuce, 165
Presbyopia, 73
Presternal notch, 171
Procreating glands, 165
Profunda artery, 175, 186
femoris artery, 198
Promontory of the sacrum, 90
Pronator quadratus, 182, 183
radii teres, 182, 183
Prostate gland, 164, 165
Proteins, 11, 26, 33, 140, 144, 147, 148
Protoplasm, 12, 13
Psoas magnus, 189, 190
parvus, 190
Ptosis of liver, 152
of upper lid, 74
Ptyalin, 61, 136
Pubes, 161, 163
Pudic artery, 168
Pulmonary artery, 106, 110
circulation, 110
valves, 104
veins, 105, 110
Pulse, 112, 113, 114, 115
Pulse, causes, 112
dicrotic, 113
rate, 111, 113, 114
Pupil of eye, 69, 72
Pus corpuscles, 120
Pylorus, 138
Pyramidalis muscle, 134
Pyramids, Malpighian, 156

Quadratus lumborum, 134
Quadriceps extensor, 190

Radial artery, 108, 185
nerve, 85
Racemose glands, 35
Radius, 178, 179
Râles, 129
Receptaculum chyli, 32
Recti muscles of eye, 67, 72
Rectum, 145, 146
Rectus abdominis, 133, 134
capitis anticus major, 93
femoris, 190
Red corpuscles, 118, 119
Reflex action, 83
Regions, abdominal, 134, 135
Renal artery, 109
Rennin, 140
Respiration, 121, 127, _et seq._
center of, 78, 130
effect on air, 129, 130
effect on blood, 130, 131
forced, 128, 129
kinds of, 128
rate, 128
sounds, 129
variations in, 131
Retching, 140
Retina, 68, 69, 70
Rheumatism, 25
Rhomboideus muscles, 93
Rickets, 19, 49, 53, 97, 164, 195
Ribs, 97, 98
Right lymphatic duct, 31, 32
Rigor mortis, 22, 23
Rivinus, ducts of, 62
Rodent ulcer, 74
Rods and cones, 69, 70
Rolando, fissure of, 75, 82
Rosary, 97
Round ligament of uterus, 168
Round window, 64, 65
Rupture, 146, 164
of kidney, 158
of liver, 152
of spleen, 154
of urethra, 160

Sacral nerves, 84
plexus, 84, 85
vertebræ, 90
Sacro-sciatic notch, 163
Sacrum, 90, 161
Sagittal suture, 48
Saliva, 61, 136
Salivary glands, 35, 61, 136
Salpingectomy, 169
Saphenous veins, 109, 199
Sarcolemma, 21
Sarcoma, 173, 177, 193
Sartorius muscles, 23, 190
Scalenus muscles, 93, 128
Scaphoid bone, ankle, 195
wrist, 181
Scapula, 173
Scarlet fever, 35
Scarpa’s triangle, 190, 198
Schwann, white substance of, 37
Sciatic nerve, 85, 163, 199
Sclera or sclerotic coat, 68
Scrotum, 165
Sebaceous glands, 35, 40, 41
Sebum, 41
Second nerve, 70, 83
Secreting glands, 35
Segmentation, growth by, 12
Semen, 165
Semicircular canals, 64, 66
Semilunar bones, 181
cartilages, 193, 194
valves, 28, 32, 104
Semimembranosus muscle, 191
Semitendinosus muscle, 191
Sense, organs of, 57, _et seq._
of hearing, 65
of sight, 70, _et seq._
of smell, 55, 57, 58, 61
of taste, 55, 61
of touch, 45, _et seq._
Sensory nerves, 82, 83
tract, 82
Septum of nose, 55
deviation of, 58
Serous membrane, 40
Serratus magnus, 174
Serum albumin, 11
of blood, 117
Sesamoid bones, 19
Seventh nerve, 83
Shin, 194
Shoulder girdle, 171
joint, 185
Sighing, 131
Sight, sense of, 70, _et seq._
Sigmoid cavities, 178
flexure, 145, 146
Silent areas in brain, 82
Silver fork deformity, 180
Sinuses, 28, 49, 51, 52, 78, 105
Sixth nerve, 68, 83
Skin, 39, _et seq._
Skull, bones of, 48, _et seq._
Small intestine, 141, 142, _et seq._
Smell, sense of, 55, 57, 58, 61
Smooth muscle, 21, 25
Sneezing, 131
Sobbing, 131
Soft palate, 59, 60, 136
Solar plexus, 87, 153
Soleus, 196
Solitary glands, 142, 145
Sounds, 65, 66
Special senses, 57, _et seq._
Speech, 122
center, 82
Spermatic or ovarian artery, 109, 168
cords, 165
Spermatozoa, 165
Sphenoid bone, 48, 52
Sphincter of anus, 146
of pupil, 72
of pylorus, 138
Spina bifida, 91
Spinal accessory nerve, 84, 95, 137
canal, 91
column, 88
cord, 79, _et seq._
foramen, 89
nerves, 84, 95
Spine, 87
Spinous process of vertebræ, 89
Spleen, 153, 154
Splenic artery, 109, 153
flexure, 145, 146
vein, 110, 150
Sprain, 21
Squamous portion of temporal bone, 51
Stapes, 63
Starches, 12, 136, 144
Steapsin, 144
Stensen’s duct, 62
Sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, 51, 92, 171
Sternum, 97
Stimuli, 24
Stomach, 138
arteries, 139
digestion in, 139, 140
glands, 139
position, 138
structure, 139
Stomach teeth, 60
Strabismus, 72
Striated or striped muscle, 21, 23, 25
Stricture of esophagus, 138
of urethra, 160
Sty, 74
Styloid process of fibula, 195
of radius, 178, 179
of temporal bone, 52
of ulna, 178, 179
Subarachnoid space, 76, 79
Subclavian arteries, 94, 99, 107, 108, 185
veins, 109
Subclavius muscle, 173
Subdural space, 76
Sublingual gland, 56, 62
Submaxillary gland, 56, 62
Succus entericus, 143, 144
Sugar in urine, 151, 158
Superciliary ridges, 49
Supinator brevis, 182, 184
longus, 182, 184
Supraorbital foramen or notch, 49
vessels and nerve, 49
Suprarenal artery, 109
capsules, 36, 154
Suprascapular artery, 94
nerve, 186
Suspensory ligament of lens, 70, 72
of liver, 149
Sutures, 48, 53
coronal, 48
lambdoidal, 48
sagittal, 48
Sweat, composition, 42
functions, 42
glands, 35, 42
nervous control of, 42
quantity, 43
Sylvius, fissure of, 75
Sympathetic nerve, 87, 110, 127, 137, 143, 145, 168
system, 75, 87
Symphysis pubis, 163
Synovial fluid, 20, 34
membrane, 20
Syphilis, 35, 58, 122, 152, 182, 194
Systemic circulation, 105, 106, 107, _et seq._, 112, 113
Systole, 104, 106, 112

T-fracture, 177, 193
Tablets of skull, 20, 48
Tactile corpuscles, 37, 39, 46
Tarsus or ankle, 195
Taste buds, 61
nerves of, 61
sense of, 55, 61
Tears, 68
Teeth, 27, 60
Temperature of body, 43
regulation of, 43
sensation of, 47
variations in, 44
Temporal bone, 48, 51
muscle, 50, 51, 55
Temporary or milk teeth, 60
Tendo Achillis, 195, 197
Tendons, 15, 23
Tenth nerve, 84
Testes or testicles, 165
Third nerve, 68, 72, 83
Thoracic aorta, 99, 107, 109
duct, 31
nerves, 186
Thoracic cutaneous nerve, 100
Thorax, 96
Thymus gland, 36, 124
Thyro-arytenoid ligaments, 122
Thyroid axis, 108
cartilage, 121
gland, 36, 124
Tibia or shin bone, 194
Tibial artery, 198
nerve, 76, 87, 199
Tibialis anticus, 197
Tissues, areolar, 15
bony, 13, 17
cartilaginous, 13
connective, 13, 15
differentiation of, 13
elastic, 15
epithelial, 13
fibrous, 15
muscular, 13
nervous, 13, 36
Tongue, 46, 59, 60
tie, 62
Tonsillitis, 35, 62
Tonsils, 59, 62
Torticollis, 92
Touch, corpuscles, 37, 39, 46
sense of, 45, _et seq._
Trachea, 123
Tracheotomy, 123
Transudation of lymph, 33
Transversalis muscle, 133
colli artery, 94
Transverse colon, 145
processes of vertebræ, 89
Trapezium, 181
Trapezius, 93, 171
Trapezoid bone, 181
Triangular cartilage, 57
Triceps, 176, 177
Tricuspid valve, 104
Trifacial nerve, 61, 83
Trochanters, 189
Trochlear surface of femur, 189
of humerus, 175
True pelvis, 163, 164
ribs, 97
Trypsin, 144
Tuberculosis, 35, 122, 155, 159, 168, 182, 193, 194, 196
Tuberosities of humerus, 175
of tibia, 194
Tuberosity of ischium, 163
of radius, 178
Tubuli lactiferi, 100
Tumor albus, 194
Tumors, 100, 175
Tunica vaginalis oculi, 67
Turbinated bones, 48, 53, 54
Twelfth nerve, 84
Tympanum, 51, 63
Typhoid fever, 142, 154

Ulcer, 139
Ulna, 177, 178, 185
Ulnar artery, 108
nerve, 85, 175, 186
Umbilical artery, 107
region, 135
vein, 106
Unciform bone, 181
Unstriated or unstriped muscle, 21, 22, 25
Upper extremities, 171, _et seq._
Urea, 148, 152, 158
Ureters, 155, 156, 159
Urethra, 159, 160, 165
Urinary apparatus, 155, _et seq._
Urine, 156, _et seq._
Uterine artery, 168
Uterus, 167, 168
Uvula, 59

Vagina, 168
Vagus or pneumogastric nerves, 84, 110, 111, 130
Valves, 103
aortic, 104
bicuspid or mitral, 104
coronary, 105
Eustachian, 106, 107
ileo-cecal, 142, 145
of lymphatic vessels, 31, 32, 33
of veins, 28
pulmonary, 104
semilunar, 28, 32, 104
tricuspid, 104
Valvulæ conniventes, 142
Varicose veins, 109, 113, 199
Vas deferens, 165
Vasa nervorum, 37
vasorum, 29
Vasoconstrictor nerves, 115
dilator nerves, 115
motor nerves, 29, 78, 115
Vascular system, 107, et seq.
Vastus externus, 190
internus, 190
Veins, 27, 28, 29, 109
basilic, 109
deep, 28
gastric, 110, 150
hemorrhoidal, 146
hepatic, 110, 150
iliac, common, 109
inferior vena cava, 105, 109, 150
innominate, 109
intralobular, 150
jugular, 109
median, 109
cephalic, 109
mesenteric, 110, 150
portal, 110, 150
pulmonary, 105, 110
saphenous, 109, 199
splenic, 110, 150
subclavian, 109
superficial, 28
superior vena cava, 105, 109
umbilical, 106
valves, 28
varicosity, 109, 113, 199
Vena cava, inferior, 105, 109, 150
superior, 105, 109
Venæ comites, 27, 113
Ventricles of brain, 75, 79
of heart, 103
Vermiform appendix, 145
Vertebra prominens, 91
Vertebræ, 88, _et seq._
Vertebral arteries, 77
Vesiculæ seminales, 165
Vestibule of labyrinth, 64, 65
Vicarious function of glands, 35
Villi, 142
Viscera, abdominal, 135, _et seq._
Visual center, 81
Vital capacity, 129
Vitreous humor, 70
Vocal cords, 122
Volvulus, 146
Voluntary muscle, 21, 23
Vomer, 48, 55
Vomiting, 140
Vulva, 169

Wharton’s duct, 62
White corpuscles or leucocytes, 27, 33, 34, 119, 120
White substance of Schwann, 37
matter of brain and cord, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81
Willis, circle of, 78, 108
Wisdom teeth, 60
Wormian bones, 19, 49
Wrist, 180
joint, 185
Wry neck or torticollis, 92

Yawning, 131

Zygomatic process of temporal bone, 51, 54

SAUNDERS’ BOOKS FOR NURSES

PAGE
Aikens’ Clinical Studies for Nurses 3
Aikens’ Hospital Management 3
Aikens’ Primary Studies for Nurses 3
Aikens’ Training School Methods and the Head Nurse 3
Beck’s Reference Handbook for Nurses 4
Boyd’s State Registration for Nurses 4
Davis’ Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing 5
DeLee’s Obstetrics for Nurses 5
Dorland’s Medical Dictionaries 7, 8
Fiske’s Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses 4
Fowler’s Operating Room and the Patient 4
Friedenwald and Ruhrah on Diet 6
Galbraith’s Four Epoch’s of Woman’s Life 6
Galbraith’s Hygiene and Physical Training for Women 6
Grafstrom’s Mechano-therapy (Massage) 8
Griffith’s Care of the Baby 8
Hoxie’s Medicine for Nurses 8
Lewis’ Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses 7
Macfarlane’s Gynecology for Nurses 5
Manhattan Hospital Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Nursing 6
McCombs’ Diseases of Children for Nurses 7
McKenzie’s Exercise in Education and Medicine 5
Morris’ Essentials of Materia Medica 8
Morrow’s Immediate Care of Injured 8
Nancrede’s Essentials of Anatomy 8
Paul’s Materia Medica for Nurses 8
Paul’s Nursing in the Acute Infectious Fevers 8
Pyle’s Personal Hygiene 8
Register’s Fever Nursing 8
Stoney’s Bacteriology and Surgical Technic 2
Stoney’s Materia Medica for Nurses 2
Stoney’s Nursing 2
Wilson’s Reference Handbook of Obstetric Nursing 7

W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY
925 Walnut Street Philadelphia
London: 9, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden

Stoney’s Nursing

NEW (4th) EDITION

In this excellent volume the author explains the entire range of _private_ nursing as distinguished from _hospital_ nursing; and the nurse is given definite directions how best to meet the various emergencies. _The American Journal of Nursing_ says it “is the fullest and most complete” and “may well be recommended as being of great general usefulness. The best chapter is the one on observation of symptoms which is very thorough.” There are directions how to _improvise_ everything ordinarily needed in the sick room.

=Practical Points in Nursing.= By EMILY M. A.
STONEY, Superintendent of the Training School for
Nurses in the Carney Hospital, South Boston, Mass.
12mo, 495 pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $1.75 net.

Stoney’s Materia Medica

NEW (3d) EDITION

Stoney’s Materia Medica was written by a head nurse who knows just what the nurse needs. _American Medicine_ says it contains “all the information in regards to drugs that a nurse should possess. * * * The treatment of poisoning is stated in a manner that will permit of its being carried out thoroughly and intelligently.”

=Materia Medica for Nurses.= By EMILY M. A.
STONEY, Superintendent of the Training School
for Nurses in the Carney Hospital, South Boston,
Mass. 12mo volume of 300 pages.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

Stoney’s Surgical Technic

NEW (3d) EDITION

The first part of the book is devoted to Bacteriology and Antiseptics; the second part to Surgical Technic, Signs of Death, Autopsies, Bandaging and Dressings, Obstetric Nursing, Care of Infants, etc., Hygiene and Personal Conduct of the Nurse, etc. The New York _Medical Record_ says it “is a very practical book which presents the subjects stated in its title in a concise manner.”

=Bacteriology and Surgical Technic for Nurses.= By
EMILY M. A. STONEY. Revised by FREDERIC R. GRIFFITH,
M. D., New York 12mo volume of 300 pages, fully
illustrated.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

Aikens’ Hospital Management JUST READY

This is just the work for hospital superintendents, training-school principals, physicians, and all who are actively interested in hospital administration. Each chapter has been written by one specially fitted to write upon that particular phase of the subject; and Miss Aikens has brought the various chapters into a harmonious whole.

=Hospital Management.= Arranged and edited by
CHARLOTTE A. AIKENS, formerly Director of Sibley
Memorial Hospital, Washington, D. C. 12mo of 488
pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $3.00 net

Aikens’ Primary Studies for Nurses

_Trained Nurse and Hospital Review_ says: “It is safe to say that any pupil who has mastered even the major portion of this work would be one of the best prepared first year pupils who ever stood for examination.”

=Primary Studies for Nurses.= By CHARLOTTE
A. AIKENS, formerly Director of Sibley Memorial
Hospital, Washington, D. C. 12mo of 435 pages,
illustrated.
Cloth, $1.75 net.

Aikens’ Training-School Methods and the Head Nurse

This work not only tells how to teach, but also what should be taught the nurse and _how much_. The _Medical Record_ says: “This book is original, breezy and healthy.”

=Hospital Training-School Methods and the Head
Nurse.= By CHARLOTTE A. AIKENS, formerly
Director of Sibley Memorial Hospital, Washington,
D. C. 12mo of 267 pages.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

Aikens’ Clinical Studies for Nurses

ILLUSTRATED

This new work is written on the same lines as the author’s successful work for primary students, taking up the studies the nurse must pursue during the second and third years.

=Clinical Studies for Nurses.= By CHARLOTTE
A. AIKENS, formerly Director of Sibley Memorial
Hospital, Washington, D. C. 12mo of 512 pages,
illustrated.
Cloth, $2.00 net.

Fowler’s Operating Room NEW (2d) EDITION

Dr. Fowler’s work contains all information of a surgical nature that a nurse must know in order to attain the highest efficiency. _Canadian Journal of Medicine and Surgery_ says: “We find compactly and clearly stated just those thousand and one things which when required are so hard to locate.”

=The Operating Room and the Patient.=
By RUSSELL S. FOWLER, M. D., Professor of
Surgery, Brooklyn Postgraduate Medical School.
Octavo of 284 pages, with original illustrations.
Cloth, $2.00 net.

Fiske’s Anatomy and Physiology JUST READY

Miss Fiske weaves the physiology in with the anatomy, and in such a way that both anatomy and function are readily understood and retained by the reader.

=Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses.=
By ANNETTE FISKE. A. M., Graduate of the
Waltham Training School for Nurses, Massachusetts.
12mo of 250 pages, illustrated.

Beck’s Reference Handbook NEW (2d) EDITION

This book contains all the information that a nurse requires to carry out any directions given by the physician. The _Montreal Medical Journal_ says it is “cleverly systematized and shows close observation of the sickroom and hospital regime.”

=A Reference Handbook for Nurses.=
By AMANDA K. BECK, Graduate of the Illinois
Training School for Nurses, Chicago, Ill. 32mo
volume of 200 pages. Bound in flexible leather,
$1.25 net.

Boyd’s State Registration for Nurses

This book tells the nurse just what she must know in order to obtain a certificate in any State. It presents comparative summaries of the laws, requirements, fees, exceptions and restrictions, violations and their penalties. The work will also form a serviceable basis for the drafting of laws.

=State Registration for Nurses.= By LOUIE
CROFT BOYD, R. N., Graduate Colorado Training
School for Nurses.
Price, 50 cents net.

DeLee’s Obstetrics for Nurses THIRD EDITION

Dr. DeLee’s book really considers two subjects--obstetrics for nurses and actual obstetric nursing. _Trained Nurse and Hospital Review_ says the “book abounds with practical suggestions, and they are given with such clearness that they cannot fail to leave their impress.”

=Obstetrics for Nurses.= By JOSEPH B.
DELEE, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics at the
Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago.
12mo volume of 512 pages, fully illustrated.
Cloth, $2.50 net.

Davis’ Obstetric & Gynecologic Nursing

THE NEW (3d) EDITION

_The Trained Nurse and Hospital Review_ says: “This is one of the most practical and useful books ever presented to the nursing profession.” The text is illustrated.

=Obstetric and Gynecologic Nursing.=
By EDWARD P. DAVIS, M. D., Professor of
Obstetrics in the Jefferson Medical College,
Philadelphia. 12mo volume of 436 pages,
illustrated. Buckram, $1.75 net.

Macfarlane’s Gynecology for Nurses

ILLUSTRATED

_Dr. A. M. Seabrook_, Woman’s Hospital of Philadelphia, says: “It is a most admirable little book, covering in a concise but attractive way the subject from the nurse’s standpoint. You certainly keep up to date in all these matters, and are to be complimented upon your progress and enterprise.”

=A Reference Handbook of Gynecology for Nurses.=
By CATHARINE MACFARLANE, M. D., Gynecologist to
the Woman’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 32mo of 150
pages, with 70 illustrations.
Flexible leather, $1.25 net.

McKenzie’s Exercise in Education and Medicine

=Exercise in Education and Medicine.=
By R. TAIT MCKENZIE, B. A., M. D., Professor of
Physical Education, and Director of the Department,
University of Pennsylvania. Octavo of 406 pages,
with 346 illustrations.
Cloth, $3.50 net.

Manhattan Hospital Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Nursing

ILLUSTRATED

This is a practical book, prepared by surgeons who, from their experience in the operating amphitheatre and at the bedside, have realized the shortcomings of present nursing books in regard to eye, ear, nose, and throat nursing.

=Nursing in Diseases of the Eye, Ear, Nose and
Throat.= By the Committee on Nurses of the Manhattan
Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital: J. EDWARD GILES, M.
D., Surgeon in Eye Department; ARTHUR B. DUEL, M.
D., (chairman), Surgeon in Ear Department; HARMON
SMITH, M. D., Surgeon in Throat Department. Assisted
by JOHN R. SHANNON, M. D., Assistant Surgeon in
Eye Department; and JOHN R. PAGE, M. D., Assistant
Surgeon in Ear Department. With chapters by HERBERT
B. WILCOX, M. D., Attending Physician to the
Hospital; and Miss EUGENIA D. AYERS, Superintendent
of Nurses. 12mo of 260 pages, illustrated. Cloth,
$1.50 net.

Friedenwald and Ruhrah’s Dietetics for Nurses NEW (2d) EDITION

This work has been prepared to meet the needs of the nurse, both in training school and after graduation. _American Journal of Nursing_ says it “is exactly the book for which nurses and others have long and vainly sought.”

=Dietetics for Nurses.= By JULIUS
FRIEDENWALD, M. D., Professor of Diseases
of the Stomach, and JOHN RUHRAH, M. D.,
Professor of Diseases of Children, College of
Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. 12mo volume
of 395 pages.
Cloth, $1.50 net

Friedenwald & Ruhrah on Diet THIRD EDITION

=Diet in Health and Disease.= By JULIUS
FRIEDENWALD, M. D., and JOHN RUHRAH,
M. D. Octavo volume of 764 pages.
Cloth, $4.00 net.

Galbraith’s Personal Hygiene and Physical Training for Women

JUST ISSUED

=Personal Hygiene and Physical Training for Women.=
By ANNA M. GALBRAITH, M. D., Fellow New York Academy
of Medicine. 12mo of 371 pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $2.00 net.

Galbraith’s Four Epochs of Woman’s Life THE NEW (2d) EDITION

=The Four Epochs of Woman’s Life.= By ANNA
M. GALBRAITH, M. D. With an Introductory Note
by JOHN H. MUSSER, M. D., University of
Pennsylvania. 12mo of 247 pages.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

McCombs’ Diseases of Children for Nurses

JUST ISSUED--NEW (2d) EDITION

Dr. McCombs’ experience in lecturing to nurses has enabled him to emphasize _just those points that nurses most need to know. National Hospital Record_ says: “We have needed a good book on children’s diseases and this volume admirably fills the want.” The nurse’s side has been written by head nurses, very valuable being the work of Miss Jennie Manly.

=Diseases of Children for Nurses.=
By ROBERT S. MCCOMBS, M. D., Instructor of
Nurses at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
12mo of 470 pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $2.00 net

Wilson’s Obstetric Nursing

In Dr. Wilson’s work the entire subject is covered from the beginning of pregnancy, its course, signs, labor, its actual accomplishment, the puerperium and care of the infant. _American Journal of Obstetrics_ says: “Every page emphasizes the nurse’s relation to the case.”

=A Reference Handbook of Obstetric Nursing.=
By W. REYNOLDS WILSON, M. D., Visiting
Physician to the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity. 32mo
of 355 pages, illustrated.
Flexible leather, $1.25 net.

American Pocket Dictionary NEW (6th) EDITION

The _Trained Nurse and Hospital Review_ says: “We have had many occasions to refer to this dictionary, and in every instance we have found the desired information.”

=American Pocket Medical Dictionary.= Edited by
W. A. NEWMAN DORLAND, A. M., M. D., Loyola
University, Chicago.
Flexible leather, gold edges, $1.00 net;
with patent thumb index, $1.25 net.

Lewis’ Anatomy and Physiology SECOND EDITION

_Nurses Journal of Pacific Coast_ says “it is not in any sense rudimentary, but comprehensive in its treatment of the subjects.” The low price makes this book particularly attractive.

=Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses.=
By LEROY LEWIS, M. D., Lecturer on Anatomy and
Physiology for Nurses, Lewis Hospital, Bay City,
Mich. 12mo of 375 pages, 150 illustrations.
Cloth, $1.75 net.

Dorland’s Illustrated Dictionary NEW (5th) EDITION

=The American Illustrated Medical Dictionary.=
Edited by W. A. N. DORLAND, M. D. Large
octavo of 876 pages, 293 illustrations, 119 in
colors. Flexible leather, $4.50 net; thumb indexed,
$5.00 net.

Paul’s Materia Medica

=A Text-Book of Materia Medica for Nurses.=
By GEORGE P. PAUL, M. D., Samaritan Hospital,
Troy, N. Y. 12mo of 240 pages.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

Paul’s Fever Nursing

=Nursing in the Acute Infectious Fevers.=
By GEORGE P. PAUL, M. D.
Cloth, $1.00 net.

Hoxie’s Medicine for Nurses

=Practice of Medicine for Nurses.=
By GEORGE HOWARD HOXIE, M. D., University
of Kansas. With a chapter on Technic of Nursing
by PEARL L. LAPTAD. 12mo of 284 pages,
illustrated.
Cloth, $1.50 net.

Grafstrom’s Mechano-therapy SECOND EDITION

=Mechano-therapy (Massage and Medical
Gymnastics).= By AXEL V. GRAFSTROM,
B. Sc., M. D., 12mo, 200 pages.
Cloth, $1.25 net.

Nancrede’s Anatomy NEW (7th) EDITION

=Essentials of Anatomy.= CHARLES B. G.
DENANCREDE, M. D., University of Michigan.
12mo, 400 pages, 180 illustrations.
Cloth, $1.00 net.

Morrow’s Immediate Care of Injured

=Immediate Care of the Injured.= By ALBERT
S. MORROW, M. D., New York City Home for
Aged and Infirm. Octavo of 340 pages, with 238
illustrations. Cloth, $2.50 net.

Register’s Fever Nursing

=A Text-Book on Practical Fever Nursing.=
By EDWARD C. REGISTER, M. D., North Carolina
Medical College. Octavo of 350 pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $2.50 net.

Pyle’s Personal Hygiene NEW (4th) EDITION

=A Manual of Personal Hygiene.= Edited by
WALTER L. PYLE, M. D. Wills Eye Hospital,
Philadelphia. 12mo, 472 pages, illus.
$1.50 net.

Morris’ Materia Medica NEW (7th) EDITION

=Essentials of Materia Medica, Therapeutics,
and Prescription Writing.= By HENRY MORRIS,
M. D. Revised by W. A. BASTEDO, M. D.,
Columbia University, N. Y. 12mo of 300 pages,
illustrated. Cloth, $1.00 net.

Griffith’s Care of the Baby JUST ISSUED NEW (5th) EDITION

=The Care of the Baby.= By J. P. CROZER
GRIFFITH, M. D., University of Pennsylvania.
12mo of 455 pages, illustrated.
Cloth, $1.50 net.