Chapter XVI: Introduction

The sultanate of Bagumbayan occupies the middle ground between the Saylud or lower Rio Grande Valley and the Saraya or upper Rio Grande Valley. It is located at the head of the delta, and really comprises the upper part of the Saylud, and lies mainly along the banks of the southern branch of the Rio Grande. It extends as far down the banks of the southern Rio Grande as the upper borders of Tamontaka, and as far down as Libungan, along the banks of the northern branch of the Rio Grande. Its upper limit is Maysawa, a little above the Kakar or canal.

The present sultan, Abu-Bakar, lives at Bagumbayan proper, which is located on the right bank of the southern Rio Grande about 3 miles below Tambao or the fork. He is still addressed, at times, as the sultan of Talakuku, which was the proper address of his father, named after the older name of the capital. The word Bagumbayan means "newly built," and has lately been applied to the sultanate on account of the late change of the residence of the sultan. Talakuku is the word that appears in all Spanish records and histories. Kabuntalan is still older and is more used by the Moros themselves. The old site of Kabuntalan was on the left bank of the main river just above the fork. It has been completely abandoned.

Nagtangan is the oldest name and the one which appears first in this manuscript.

This manuscript is copied from the original, which is in the possession of the sultan himself. It was obtained through the favor of Datu Balabadan, who is a relative of the sultan and who belongs to the same family or an allied branch of the same.

The original is a very old copy and many of the leaves and margins are torn and have fallen into pieces. The handwriting is fair and plain, but the composition and grammar are very poor. The orthographical errors committed in writing Moro names in Arabic characters are very numerous and greatly change the expression of the words. It is evident that the original author was a poor writer, and did not have the usual practical knowledge in writing in Arabic characters that other Moro authors had.

The dialect is strictly that of Magindanao. The titles of the datus are similar to those used in Magindanao. Two new titles, Jukulanu and Jiwana, appear often, and in all probability are applied to subdatus of the same rank as Gugu, Umar Maya, Maraja Layla, etc.

LITERAL TRANSLATION OF MANUSCRIPT NO. VII

GENEALOGY OF KABUNTALAN

IN THE NAME OF GOD THE COMPASSIONATE AND MERCIFUL

This book speaks of the ancestors of the datus of Nagtangan. Daman asked for a datu from Bwayan and got Dikaya. Dikaya married a Nagtangan wife and begot Duka. Duka married Lantyan, a Malitigaw woman, and begot Myadung. He also married a woman called Ambun and begot Babak and Naw and Suman.

Babak married Umar Maya, Tubu-tubu, and bore Saripada Kunyaw, Sultan Digra Alam, and Pataw. Umar Maya married also Andawmada, a Tawlan lady, and begot Bagamba, Sarabanun, and Bay. By a concubine he begot Jukulanu Diwa and Bal, and the daughters Buli and Gaw and Bahar.

Saripada Kunyaw married Anik and begot Sultan Mohammed Alimu-d-Din, who had no offspring, Mawlana Mundug, and Datu Sakaludan Dudin. He also married Andawmada, an Ipuktn lady, and begot Baya-Wata. By a concubine he begot Jiwana Jambang, and the following daughters: Kumkuma, Ayag, Payak, Talilah, and Minding.

Sultan Digra Alam married Nya, a Magindanao woman, and begot Raja Muda Mangindra and Mohammed; by Bay he begot Baya-Labi; by a Talayan woman he begot Baya-Wata Lilang.

Bagamba married Raja Bwayan and bore Sultan Darimbang.

Sarabanun begot Kamad, Ubuk, and Dumpiras. Jukulanu Diwa begot Marajal, Baya Nayug, Jukulanu Kunuk, Jukulanu Badal, and Undung, and the daughters Atik, Ilug, Nawila.

Bal begot Ginda, Abas, Duwi, and Dangkay, and a daughter, Buli. Buli married Mupat Salam and bore Banun. She also married Aspa and bore Jiwana Kunik.

Mawlana Mundug begot Wata-mama Kamad and Ngyan. By a concubine he begot Dula, Dastara, Jaynal, and Alam, and the daughters Dadaw and Sambasing. By Lamidas he begot Kadija; by a concubine, Daldal; by Saban, Aminu-l-Lah.

Datu Sakaludan Dudin married Amina, the daughter of Jukulanu Diwa, and begot Danding, Madaga, Kudanding, Patima, Gindulungan, and Anat. By a concubine he begot Ganwi and Kunan.

Baya-Wata married Timbang Sulug and begot Wata-mama Damda.

Jiwana Jimbang begot Asab and Pata.

Raja Muda Mangindra married Mayung, a Binilwan lady, and begot Anig, Umun, Daywa, and Dawada; and the sons, Sultan Mohammed-sa-Barahaman, Kunday, Pataw, Janipan, and Dindyaw. By a concubine he begot Lubaba; by Baya-labi, Ingkung.

Baya-Wata married Aman and begot Inuk, Uku, and Anti, and the daughter Wata-Babay Didu.

Gugu Kiram begot Anti, Nanun, Lintang, Didu, Ngulu, and Banun.

Maraja Layla Dikaya begot Maraja Layla Kandug, Kunan, Maraja Layla Amad, and Papung.

Sultan Mohammed Darimbang begot Raja Bwayan Paki, Damda, and Pidtaylan. By a concubine he begot Kakayt.

Kamad married Anig and begot Bulawan, Inuk, and Dagayug. By a concubine he begot Mama-sa-Ilud, and Kuntay.

Ubuk begot Daga, Mama-Santi, Bulug, and Tawp.

Dupiras begot Lyaw and Dabu by a concubine.

Jukulanu Kunuk married Dawada, the daughter of Raja Muda Mangindra, and begot Tamay and Diyug.

Jukulanu Badal married Mayakay and begot Panggu. He also married Ginu, the daughter of Wata-mama Kamad, and begot Ungji, Ulanulan, Indalan, Udamag, Kadidung, Aslan, Aminalla, Duwag, Nyugaw, and Tiban.

Udung married Ninaw and begot Mamag, Tuli, Lilang, Lastam, Aning, and Alungan. By Baybay he begot Namar; by Lumba, Indig and Dandung.

Nawila married Lugung, the son of Jalaludin Tambi, and bore Putri and Kirig.

Ginda begot Malaga.

Abas married Ngyan, the daughter of Mawlana Mundug, and begot Atshar and Pinayu; and Nanaw by a concubine.

Wata-Mama Kamad begot Ginu.

Dulay begot Bandun, Jawala, Buli, and Dyaw. By Payaka he begot Kubung and Paygwan.

Dastara's children lived in Kuran.

Alam married Gindulungan and begot Malatunul. Gindulungan married Mawg, the son of the sultan of Tuba, and bore Qudrat.

Ngyan married Abas and begot Atshar and Pinayu.

Dadaw married Badang and begot Jambrang, a twan (sir) of Lawgan.

Kadija married Atun, Datu of Burungan; her children lived at Burungan.

Daldal married Kayag and begot Saripa and Nyaw.

Talilah begot Sabu-Din. Sabu-Din begot Abu Bakar, Mindung, Kawan, Itug, and Pimbar.

Nanaw married Tamama and begot Kalumpunit.

Datu Sakaludan married Lady Tidung and begot Tima and Randu. He also married Yungayu and begot Andam and Basing.

Barayim married Anu, the daughter of Maraga, and begot Rapruk.

Raja Bwayan Mohammed Alimu-Din married Ani, a lady of Magindanao, the grandmother of Mupat Idayat, and begot Kabayan. By Mayay, a lady of Kabalukan, he begot the sultan of Magindanao; by a concubine, Gugu Jamburang; by Salaya, Gugu Panasang; by Dadayu, Nugal and Gansing; by Pandarágan, Gaga; by Sitti, Itug; by Kasimna, Atung and Panunggu; by Takdung, Basing; by Inam, Atabwan; by Inding, Apun; by Amil, Nangalung.

Alimu-Din, the grandson of Baya-labi Sari, married Maraga, the daughter of Ginda, and begot Tuka and Dubwang.

Kudanding married Kindang and begot Ayung. By Tima, a lady of Tidung, he begot Putri; by Ija, Limulang and Sina; by Nayung, Gandang and Kutay; by Nawg, Babayasi.

Datu Tamay and Diyug were cousins. Kibad was their second cousin. Tagi was a brother, the son of Maryam. Qudrat was another cousin. Anatan, datu of Kabuntalan, was their uncle.

Madaga married Sultan Mohammed-sa-Barahaman and bore Mayug and Sultan Iskandar Manamir, which makes three datus of Kabuntalan. Anatan, datu of Kabuntalan, married Jawya and begot Didu, Untung, and Padidu. By Malali, he begot Pawag and Kirig and Dyaw and Parug; by Sitti, Umbag; by Madidu, Anaw and Baralaga.

Wata-Mama Balindung Adamunda married Ani and begot Asim, Iday, Kalug, Kuntay, Nanun, and Tayting. By a woman of Kadingilan he begot Bantilan.

Asab begot Putri.

Pata married Jiwana Aryung and begot Kibad, Kanapya, Sarapudin, and Ilm.

Daywa married Datu Palug of Binirwan and bore Kunik, Banun, and Iyaw. Dindyaw married Maraja Layla Kandug and bore Talawung and Dastara.

Mawlana Mawg married Iday, the daughter of Balindung, and begot Maning, Ampal, Lilang, Anti, Bagwa Datu, and Tapudi.

Kawan married Timbay and begot Paydu, Dandayung, and Iday.

Panggu married Talung, the daughter of Maraja Layla Kandug, and begot Ulanan, Tubu-tubu, and a daughter, Tya. He also married Kubra and begot Ula.

Tamay married Antam and begot Limulang and Makabwat.

Diyug married Tuli, the daughter of Undung, and begot Paki, Dada, Tingaw Pulwa, Myayu, Malug, and Tinabun.

Mamag married Didung and begot Babay, Mama, Diruyudun, and Manángka.

Anti, the son of Gugu Kiram, begot Muyuka, Pinagunay, Kunaw, Pindaw, and Bungayu.

Nglu married Tababay and begot Nawila and Amil.

Lintang begot Bantugun.

Brayim married Anu and begot ----.

Raja married Dabu and begot Kirig and Pakamaman.

Ingkung married Dubung and begot Arimaw, Kalug, Saribu, Padaw, Dukin, and a daughter, Mayla. By a concubine he begot Pinu, Bilalang, and Talawd.

Maraja Layla Akad married Miyayu and begot Inal, Idu, and Atshar.

Sultan Mohammed Iskandar Manamir married Sarip, the daughter of the sultan of Magindanao, and begot Iskandar Sulkarnayn and Sahabu-d-Din. By Gayang he begot Idris; by Kati, Mamunu-r-Rashid, Kindang, and Puyuwa; by Apsa, Kadija.

The grandfather of Baya-labi Sarip, by her father, was Raja Bwayan. Her grandfather, by her mother, was Sultan Diruyudun of Bagu Ingud.

Tagi married Manjanay and begot Lintang and Paramata. By Putri, the daughter of Kudanding, he begot Pindaw; by Apsa, an Ilanun, Dubuwa, Tuku, Pakir, and Pandita; by Bayid, Mama-sa-Ingud; by Dabu, Bwisan; also Kúmkuma.

Idris married Minda, the grandmother of Umar-Maya Anti, and begot Sindad. By another woman he begot Kunik.

Sultan Mohammed-sa-Barahaman begot also Kamsa. Kamsa begot Itaw, Jimbah, Antil, Limpul, and Mandi.

Dipatwan Minug married Madaga and begot Tandwal, Pipikan, Pamupun, Diluyudun, and Talambungan.

Kunik married Pinduk and begot Ninig, Marajal, and Kumipang. By Kumala he begot Bunti and Muyuk; by Paydu, Atik.

Namal married Tima and begot Tantung, Sawad, and Mohammed.

Bulawan married Rajalam and begot Bula, Anggris, and Pindug.

Raja Muda Asim begot Pintay and Ubab.

Kalug begot Talulad and Mayay, and Katampara and Talama, the last two from Kurma.

Kintay married Balug and begot Dalmatan, Muntya, Talib, and Alungan.

Ganwi married Itug and begot Gayug. He also married Basing and begot Anday, Atshar, Luping, and Utung.

Qudrat married Idayu, the daughter of the Sultan of Balilah, and begot Bwisan, Dundang, and Nuni. By Lilang he begot Asibi; by Tapaya Migayad; and by Agak, Mohammed.

Rastam married Dawag and begot Tawp, Ampan, Igay, and Payluyan. He also married Uman and begot Saligan, Gambil, and Timbaw.

Kibad married Ninig and begot Pinduma and Dulan.

Bantugan married Lagay and begot Ayug and Gambis. He married also Tubu and begot Dawa, Dulan, and Balalagay. By Abu, he begot Bwanda.

Andam married Pudin and Bangkas, Mayung, Mama-sa-Ingud, Gandi, and Gimbang.

Aminula married Basing and begot Raginut, Angjum, and Anu.

Pawag married Tapudi and begot Talila, Maytum, Mantya, and Sandag.

Kirig married Baliwan and begot Nanwi.

Sapula begot Mindal, Awa, Ijang, Ruging, and Nyaw.

Datu sa-Dalikan married Dagayug and begot Payak, who lived in the care of a Manobo of Dalikan--not the one who was intrusted to the care of Sultan Mohammed Iskandar Manamir of Kabuntalan by a Tiruray of Dalikan. This latter woman was the daughter of the former and was not an inheritance for the Nagtanganun because the datu did not furnish her with a dowry. Angki married Puwi and begot Dangus and Tapudi, the cousin of the sultan's mother.

Sultan Diluyudun of Bagu Ingud married Jumjuma, the daughter of Dipatwan Marajanun, and begot Danding and Mayung. By Kabayan, a lady of Kabalukan, he begot Apan, Bwat, and Timbukung; by Adung, Panalaw; by Paku, Gasing and Dgaw; by Raja, Muntya; by Ampas, Kambang; by Angkung, Salamat and Gindu; by Bitu, Kapya, Timu, and Naypitan and Pinamili; by Idag, Uyag, Makalay, Singag; by Kalimah, Umbul; by Ibad, Amad; by Batata, Dalding, the daughter of Gandum, Maguman; by Anuk, Kulaga; by Ingi, Paytakay, Bungalus Pimpingan, and Idag.

The sultan of Magindanao married Mayung, the daughter of the sultan of Bagu Ingud, Sarip, and begot Bangun, the sultan Raja Muda Bayaw, Bagu, and Gidu. By Atik, a lady of Makatudugan, he begot Laga and Tandu; by Wayda, Talumpa and Taganuk; by Matundun, Malatunul, Sarabanun, and Bisinti; by Awig, Gubal; by Kudaw, Isad; by Myayug, Atik, Blaw, Ngyan; by Malayu, Makaw; by Kumbay, Byalung.

IN THE NAME OF GOD THE COMPASSIONATE AND MERCIFUL.

The first datu of Bwayan was Budtul, who married a woman from Magindanao and begot Malang-sa-Ingud and Pulwa. Putri Mamur was married first to Malang-sa-Ingud, but after his death she married Pulwa. Pulwa married also Budang of Tijaman, and begot Dikaya.

THE HISTORY OF BAGUMBAYAN.

The two greatest powers that figured prominently in the Rio Grande Valley are the sultan of Magindanao and the raja of Bwayan. These rulers have at all times been considered as greater in power and higher in rank than any other ruler in the valley. In the latter part of the eighteenth century and during the main part of the nineteenth century the sultan of Kabuntalan also figured prominently and held a very intimate relation and a close position to both of the other sultans, which position he still holds at the present time.

It appears that the first ruler of Kabuntalan was Dikaya, the son of a raja Bwayan, who simply held the honorary title of datu. His successor had no male heir, and one of his daughters, Babak, married Umar Maya Tubu-tubu of Magindanao, who became ruler of Kabuntalan and whose son was the first mentioned sultan there. This makes the line of descent of Kabuntalan related by Babak to the line of Bwayan and by Umar Maya to that of Magindanao. This relation to both Magindanao and Bwayan and the intermediate position Kabuntalan holds to both Saylud and Saraya have been very prominent factors in the history-making events of the valley, and have successively been taken advantage of by both Spanish and American authorities managing the affairs of the country.

Diagram No. 5 gives in a very explicit and clear manner the names of the rulers of Kabuntalan or Bagumbayan, the order of their descent and succession, and the relation they hold to each other. Their names in the order of precedence are as follows:

1. Datu Dikaya
2. Datu Duka
3. Datu Umar Maya
4. Sultan Digra Alam
5. Sultan Mohammed Alimu-d-Din
6. Sultan sa-Barahaman
7. Sultan Mohammed Iskandar Manamir
8. Sultan Iskandar Sul-Karnayn
9. Sultan Idris
10. Sultan Abu Bakar

The diagram shows also the principal relations of Bagumbayan to Bwayan and to Magindanao.

Very little is known about the early history of Kabuntalan. Datu Kali Ibrahim, who is the chief judge of Bagumbayan, told the following story:

Soon after the arrival of Dikaya in Kabuntalan the chief people of the village took their new datu in a boat on a little excursion. When they had gone some distance from the village they engaged in a sham fight and one party attacked the datu. This affair was prearranged and planned to test the courage and power of their datu. They made their attack with krises and bamboo lances. Dikaya was frightened and ran away. The people lost respect for him and expelled him from the village. Some time later he won their friendship by his good behavior and was reinstated as datu of Kabuntalan.

The statement on page 47 that Dikaya was the son of Pulwa was taken from the Bwayan tarsila and is added on account of the relation it bears to the subject. The part of the tarsila of Bwayan which bears on this subject states that Dikaya was the son of Pulwa by a concubine, and that Dikaya begot Duka, who married Rantyan, a Malitigaw lady whose mother was Agub. The children of Duka and Rantyan were Bulus, Manalidtu, Puwi, and Miyandung.

As Pulwa must have lived about the year 1550, and as Digra Alam must have ruled about the year 1770, the statement that Duka married Ambun and begot Babak, the mother of Digra Alam, can not be accepted as true. Some links in the list are evidently missing, but the fact is that the right to rule Kabuntalan belonged to the descendants of Duka, and was principally derived from Bwayan.

The first ruler of Kabuntalan addressed as sultan was Digra Alam, the son of Umar Maya and Babak. Diagram No. 5 shows plainly that Digra Alam must have ruled about the same time as Sultan Pakir Mawlana Kanza of Mindanao, or his brother, Pakaru-d-Din, that is about the year A. D. 1770.

In a treaty between the Spanish Government and the sultan of Kabuntalan in the year 1857 the sultan is addressed as sultan of Tambao. He must be either Sultan Iskandar Sul-Karnayn or Sultan Idris, probably the latter.

About midway between Tambao and Libungan on the left bank of the river is a small monument, possibly a tomb, erected in memory of those who died during the fight between the Spaniards and Sultan Idris. In 1861 Tambao and Taviran or Tapidan were occupied by the Spaniards. In 1884 Sultan Idris submitted unconditionally to the Spanish authorities and received their protection against Datu Utu. Datu Ayunan of Taviran, Datu Balabadan's brother, aided the Spanish authorities in the war against Datu Utu and was one of the most prominent datus of Talakuku and Magindanao.

MANUSCRIPT NO. VIII

THE ANCESTORS OF THE DATUS OF MINDANAO