Chapter III: Part 3

_Type._--Female, adult, no. 4612, Museum of Zoology, University of
Utah; 1-1/2 mi. N Price, 5567 ft., Carbon County, Utah; obtained
on June 5, 1940, by Ross Hardy and H. Higgins, original no. 1901.

_Range._--East-central Utah, east into west-central Colorado.
Marginal occurrences are: in Utah, 12 mi. E Price, 1-1/2 mi. N
Price, Notom, King's Ranch, 12 mi. SW Green River, 16 mi. NW Moab;
in Colorado, State Line and Grand Junction.

_Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks with but
slight suffusion of black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform
markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal
and ventral stripes of tail, brownish-black. Skull large;
pterygoid fossae ovoid; lacrimal processes small; width across
maxillary arches relatively great; auditory bullae well inflated;
diastema short.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii longipes_, _D. o.
sanrafaeli_ differs as follows: Size smaller; color lighter, more
cinnamon, pinnae of ears lighter; skull smaller; auditory bullae
smaller; pterygoid fossae ovoid rather than round; wider across
occipital condyles; narrower across zygomatic processes of
maxillae.

From _Dipodomys ordii cupidineus_, _D. o. sanrafaeli_ can be
recognized by its larger size, lighter color and larger skull.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii nexilis_, _Dipodomys ordii
priscus_ and _Dipodomys ordii uintensis_ see accounts of those
subspecies.

_Remarks._--Intergradation between _Dipodomys ordii cupidineus_ and _D. o. sanrafaeli_ is noted in the intermediate size of body in a single specimen from Notom. Intergradation in color and cranial characters occurs between _Dipodomys ordii nexilis_ and _D. o. sanrafaeli_ in specimens from 16 miles northwest of Moab. All these specimens, however, are referable to _D. o. sanrafaeli_.

Animals from that part of the range of _D. o. sanrafaeli_ west of the Green River are typical while those to the east of the river are all intergrades. Animals from 16 miles northwest of Moab, Utah, and from three localities in Colorado, even though intergrades with _D. o. nexilis_, are all referable to _D. o. sanrafaeli_. It appears that the Green River does not act as a complete barrier in this area since in the winter it occasionally freezes over, thus allowing the animals to cross. It is thought that kangaroo rats do not hibernate but remain more or less active throughout the winter. Man-made conveniences, such as bridges, might also serve as means of dispersal, permitting these animals to cross otherwise prohibitive barriers. Where there are no bridges across the Green River, farther to the south, the rats apparently do not cross the river; steep, rocky canyon-walls and the lack of ice on the water in winter lessen the chances of small mammals crossing from one side to the other.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 30, distributed as follows:

=Utah=: _Carbon County_: 12 mi. NE Price, 2 (CM); 3 mi. NE Price,
1 (RH); 1-1/2 mi. N Price, 2 (1 RH; 1 UU); Wellington, 1 (RH).
_Emery County_: "San Rafael, 21 mi. out," 1 (USAC); 12 mi. SW
Green River, 2 (CM). _Grand County_: 1 mi. E Green River, 1 (MVZ);
16 mi. NW Moab, 2 (CM). _Wayne County_: Notom, 1 (BYU). _Garfield
County_: King's Ranch, 4800 ft., 3 (2 UU; 1 USAC).

=Colorado=: _Mesa County_: State Line, 11 (MVZ); Fruita, 1 (USBS);
Grand Junction, 2 (USBS).

=Dipodomys ordii panguitchensis= Hardy

_Dipodomys ordii panguitchensis_ Hardy, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 55:90, June 25, 1942.

_Type._--Male, adult, no. 4375, Museum of Zoology, University of
Utah; one mile south of Panguitch, 6666 ft., Garfield County,
Utah; obtained on August 31, 1940, by Ross Hardy, original no.
2151.

_Range._--Known only from the type locality.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface near Olive-Brown, purest on sides and flanks, upper
parts strongly suffused with black; cheeks white; arietiform
markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal
and ventral stripes of tail which are wider than white lateral
stripes, blackish. Skull small; rostrum relatively short and wide;
interorbital region wide; interparietal region wide; foramen
magnum elongate dorsoventrally; pterygoid fossae ovoid.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii utahensis_, which it closely
resembles, _D. o. panguitchensis_ differs in: Size larger; color
darker; interparietal region wider; foramen magnum elongate
dorsoventrally as opposed to nearly round; pterygoid fossae ovoid
as opposed to nearly round.

This subspecies can be distinguished from _Dipodomys ordii
fetosus_, _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_ and _Dipodomys ordii
cupidineus_ by its darker color and generally larger size.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii cinderensis_ and _Dipodomys
ordii fremonti_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--This geographic race inhabits the upper reaches of the Sevier River Valley in the vicinity of Panguitch, Utah. Natural barriers to kangaroo rats, such as the Cedar Mountains to the west, high plateau country to the south, the Paunsaugunt Plateau to the east and the narrow canyons of the Sevier River to the north prevent these animals from extending their range or from coming into physical contact with any adjacent geographic races. This isolation has resulted in a fairly stable population. Some animals, however, show characters, such as the width of the rostrum, and the shape and length of the nasals which are intermediate between those of topotypes of _D. o. utahensis_ and the type series of _D. o. panguitchensis_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 3, all from Utah, distributed as
follows: _Garfield County_: 1 mi. S Panguitch, 6666 ft., 3 (2 RH; 1
UU).

=Dipodomys ordii monoensis= (Grinnell)

_Perodipus monoensis_ Grinnell, Univ. California Publ. Zool.,
21:46, March 29, 1919.

_Dipodomys ordii monoensis_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2,
1921.

_Type._--Female, adult, no. 27002, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
University of California; Pellisier Ranch, 5 mi. N Benton Station,
5600 ft., Mono County, California; obtained on September 21, 1917,
by J. Dixon, original no. 6384.

_Range._--Northeastern Inyo and Mono counties, California, north
to southern Pershing County and east to eastern Nye County,
Nevada; marginal occurrences are: in California, 5 mi. N Benton
Station and Deep Spring Valley; in Nevada, Arlemont, 2 mi. NW
Palmetto, 1 mi. N Beatty, 5 mi. W White Rock Spring, Big Creek at
Quinn Canyon Mts., 2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 2 mi. S Millett P.
O., 13-1/2 mi. NW Goldfield, Fingerrock Wash, Eastgate, 1/2 mi. NE
Toulon, 21 mi. W and 2 mi. N Lovelock, 1/2 mi. S Pyramid Lake,
West Walker River in Smith's Valley, and 10 mi. S Yerington.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, entire
dorsal surface (_c_) between Pinkish Buff and Cinnamon-Buff, purest
on sides, flanks and cheeks, with but slight suffusion of black in
upper parts; pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal
and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull medium in size;
rostrum relatively long and narrow; nasals relatively short;
interorbital region narrow; interparietal region relatively wide;
lacrimal processes small; auditory bullae relatively small;
pterygoid fossae circular; zygomatic arches robust and relatively
straight; foramen magnum nearly circular.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii columbianus_, _D. o.
monoensis_ differs as follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull
larger; rostrum longer and narrower; interorbital region narrower;
breadth across auditory bullae less; lacrimal processes larger;
braincase less vaulted; auditory bullae more inflated ventrally;
pterygoid fossae smaller; zygomatic arches more robust; cutting
edge of upper incisors wider.

From _Dipodomys ordii fetosus_, _D. o. monoensis_ differs in: Hind
foot shorter; color lighter; skull smaller; rostrum shorter and
narrower; interorbital width less; interparietal region larger;
lacrimal processes smaller; auditory bullae less inflated.

For comparison with _Dipodomys ordii inaquosus_ see account of
that subspecies.

_Remarks._--This subspecies retains all of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its geographic range. Intergradation occurs in animals from the southern end of Pyramid Lake, Big Smoky Valley and near Toquima Peak, Nevada; these animals, although typical of _D. o. monoensis_ in coloration, resemble _D. o. columbianus_ cranially. Three-way intergradation between _D. o. columbianus_, _D. o. fetosus_ and _D. o. monoensis_ is noted in animals from east-central Nye County, Nevada. These animals resemble _D. o. monoensis_ in size, _D. o. fetosus_ in color and resemble _D. o. columbianus_ in certain cranial features. These animals are referred to _D. o. monoensis_. Animals from Toulon, Nevada, in the inflation of the auditory bullae, the vault of the braincase, the color and the total length show intergradation with _D. o. inaquosus_ but are referable to _D. o. monoensis_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 264, distributed as follows:

=California=: _Mono County_: Pellisier Ranch, 5 mi. N Benton
Station, 17 (7 DRD; 10 MVZ); Benton, 5639 ft., 2 (1 LACM; 1 MVZ);
Taylor Ranch, 2 mi. S Benton Station, 5300 ft., 2 (MVZ). _Inyo
County_: Deep Springs Valley, 1 (LACM).

=Nevada=: _Washoe County_: 1/2 mi. S Pyramid Lake, 3950 ft., 1
(MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. N Wadsworth, 4100 ft., 2 (MVZ). _Pershing
County_: 21 mi. W and 2 mi. N Lovelock, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 3-1/4
mi. NNE Toulon, 3900 ft., 1 (MVZ); 3 mi. NNE Toulon, 3900 ft., 6
(MVZ); 1/2 mi. NE Toulon, 1 (MVZ); Toulon, 3930 ft., 5 (MVZ).
_Churchill County_: Truckee Canal, 2 mi. SW Hazen, 4000 ft., 1
(MVZ); 1 mi. NW Soda Lake, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 1 mi. S Soda Lake,
4000 ft., 1 (MVZ); 5 mi. W Fallon, 1 (MVZ); 4 mi. W Fallon, 4000
ft., 3 (MVZ); 1 mi. W Mountain Well, 5350 ft., 3 (MVZ); Eastgate,
4400 ft., 13 (MVZ). _Lyon County_: 6 mi. N Fernley, 1 (MVZ); 1 mi.
SE Wadsworth, 4200 ft., 7 (MVZ); 3/4 mi. N Fernley Underpass,
Fernley, 1 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. N Fernley Underpass, Fernley, 1 (MVZ);
Wilson Canyon, 8 mi. NE Wellington, 4700 ft., 1 (MVZ); West Walker
River, Smith's Valley, 4700 ft., 4 (MVZ); 10 mi. S Yerington,
Mason Valley, 4500 ft., 6 (MVZ). _Mineral County_: 8 mi. SE
Schurz, 4100 ft., 18 (MVZ); Fingerrock Wash, Stewart Valley, 5400
ft., 4 (MVZ); Cat Creek, 4 mi. W Hawthorne, 4500 ft., 1 (MVZ);
Huntoon Valley, 5700 ft., 1 (MVZ). _Nye County_: 2 mi. S Millett
P. O., 5500 ft., 1 (MVZ); 4 mi. SE Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 11
(MVZ); 5 mi. SE Millett P. O., 5500 ft., 5 (MVZ); 4 mi. S Millett
P. O., 5500 ft., 2 (MVZ); Millman Ranch, Moore Creek, 6400 ft., 19
mi. SE Millett P. O., 9 (MVZ); Meadow Creek Ranger Station,
Toquima Mts., 2 (MVZ); Monitor Valley, 9 mi. E Toquima Mts., 7000
ft., 19 (MVZ); Fish Spring Valley, 1/2 mi. N Fish Lake, 6500 ft.,
2 (MVZ); Railroad Valley, 2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 5000 ft., 5
(MVZ); Hot Creek Valley 3-1/2 mi. E Hot Creek, 5650 ft., 1 (MVZ);
Hot Creek Valley, 4/5 mi. S Hot Creek, 5900 ft., 1 (MVZ); 5-1/2
mi. NE San Antonio, 5700 ft., 1 (MVZ); San Antonio, 5400 ft., 2
(MVZ); 9 mi. W and 3 mi. S Tybo, 6200 ft., 2 (MVZ); Ralston
Valley, 15-1/2 mi. NE Tonopah, 5800 ft., 2 (MVZ); Railroad Valley,
2-1/2 mi. S Lock's Ranch, 5000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Hot Creek Valley
Creek, 5800 ft., 1 (MVZ); Ralston Valley, 34 mi. E and 1 mi. N
Tonopah, 5650 ft., 2 (MVZ); Old Mill, N end Reveille Valley, 6200
ft., 6 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. S Silverbow, Kawich Mountains, 1 (MVZ); 5
7/10 mi. SE Kawich, 2 (MVZ); 5 mi. W White Rock Spring, 6950 ft.,
Belted Range, 2 (MVZ); 1 mi. N Beatty, 1 (DRD). _Esmeralda
County_: 13-1/2 mi. NW Goldfield, 4850 ft., 3 (MVZ); 7 mi. N
Arlemont, 5500 ft., 6 (MVZ); Arlemont, 11 (MVZ); Mouth Palmetto
Wash, 7 (DRD); 2 mi. NW Palmetto, 7 (DRD); 1 mi. NW Palmetto, 1
(DRD); Palmetto, 7 (DRD); 1 mi. SE Palmetto, 7 (DRD); Pigeon
Spring, 6400 ft., 1 (MVZ); Indian Spring, Mt. Magruder, 20 (DRD).

=Dipodomys ordii ordii= Woodhouse

_D(ipodomys) ordii_ Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
6:224, 1853.

_Dipodomys phillipsi ordi_, Coues and Allen, Monogr. North
American Rodentia, p. 541, 1877 (part--the part from El Paso,
Texas).

_Dipodops ordii_, Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4:42, October, 1890
(part--the part from El Paso, Texas).

_Cricetodipus ordii_, Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, 1:581,
1897.

_Perodipus ordi_, Elliot, Field Columbian Museum, Zool. Ser.,
2:238, 1901.

_Perodipus montanus richardsoni_, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:144,
October, 1905 (part--the part from Carlsbad, New Mexico).

_Perodipus ordii_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:113,
May 23, 1917.

_Type._--None designated. Species characterized from specimens
obtained by Dr. Woodhouse at El Paso, Texas.

_Range._--Southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas
and north-central Mexico; marginal occurrences are: in Arizona, 20
mi. NE Calva, Oracle and Calabasas; in Sonora, Nogales; in
Chihuahua, Casas Grandes, Corralitos and Santa Rosalia; in Texas,
16 mi. E Van Horn and 30 mi. N Van Horn; in New Mexico, 40 mi. N
Roswell, 40 mi. SE Corona and Mangos Valley.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface (16'') between Pinkish Cinnamon and Cinnamon-Buff,
purest on sides and flanks, upper parts suffused with black;
arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind
feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish-black. Skull of
medium size; rostrum narrow and relatively long; braincase
flattened; auditory bullae but slightly inflated; zygomatic arches
slender and straight; upper incisors short and narrow.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii richardsoni_, _D. o. ordii_
differs as follows: Size smaller; color somewhat lighter; dorsal
and ventral stripes of tail brownish instead of blackish; skull
smaller in all measurements taken.

From _Dipodomys ordii montanus_, _D. o. ordii_ differs in: Size
smaller; color lighter; skull narrower across bullae and rostrum;
wider interorbitally; all other measurements taken the same, thus
imparting to the skull, in dorsal view, a longer, narrower
appearance.

From _Dipodomys ordii chapmani_, _D. o. ordii_ differs in: Size
smaller; color lighter; skull smaller; zygomatic arches narrower
at suture of jugal and zygomatic process of maxillary; rostrum
narrower; upper incisors smaller; nasals shorter; least
interorbital width less.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii sennetti_ and _Dipodomys
ordii compactus_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--Intergradation occurs with _Dipodomys ordii chapmani_, _Dipodomys ordii longipes_, _Dipodomys ordii medius_ and _Dipodomys ordii attenuatus_. Only along the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas, are individuals of a population uniform. On the periphery of the range, specimens from a given locality may resemble _D. o. ordii_ or _D. o. longipes_ or may be intermediate between these two subspecies.

Animals from the Organ Mountains near Globe Springs, 20 miles north of Cliff, New Mexico, and those labeled with reference to Van Horn, Texas, on the average are darker, have a wider expanse across the auditory bullae, a wider interorbital region and, in most specimens, more distally flared nasals than the norm of other populations. This deviation from the normal is interpreted not as intergradation with any other subspecies but rather as individual variation in a given population.

Specimens from 40 miles southeast of Corona and 10 miles northeast of Socorro, New Mexico, show intergradation between _D. o. ordii_ and _D. o. montanus_ in size of body, configuration of nasals and cranial size. For a discussion of intergradation with _D. o. longipes_, _D. o. medius_ and _D. o. chapmani_ see the remarks in the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens from Cananea and Santa Cruz, Sonora, Casas Grandes Viejo, Chihuahua City and Colonia Diaz, Chihuahua, are not typical of _D. o. ordii_ but rather show the influence of some race probably to the southeast that is as yet unknown. In a series of nine specimens from near Casas Grandes Viejo, Chihuahua, four individuals are typically _D. o. ordii_, four resemble an apparently undescribed form and one specimen is intermediate between _D. o. ordii_ and the unnamed subspecies. This unnamed race differs from _D. o. ordii_ in having darker pelage, darker dorsal stripe on tail, larger body, wider interorbital region, longer skull, greater breadth across the bullae, less vaulted braincase, more robust zygomatic arches and the foramen magnum more deeply notched on both the dorsal and ventral rims. It seems that these animals mentioned above should be referred to _D. o. ordii_ at least until such time as material becomes available from eastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila and northeastern Durango.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 451, distributed as follows:

=Arizona=: _Gila County_: Rice, 2 (USBS). _Maricopa County_:
Marinette, 8 (CAS). _Pinal County_: Oracle, 4 (USBS). _Graham
County_: 20 mi. NE Calva, 5 (USBS); Fort Grant, 11 (7 USBS; 4
MVZ). _Pima County_: Ft. Lowell, 3 (DRD); 11-1/2 mi. S Tucson, 1
(MVZ); Continental, 20 (8 USBS; 12 DRD); La Osa, 11 (USNM);
Babiquivari Mountains 10 mi. N International Boundary, 1 (DRD).
_Santa Cruz County_: 2 mi. S Tumacacori Mission, 1 (DRD); 7 mi. N
Patagonia, 4500 ft., 12 (CAS); 3 mi. N Patagonia, 1 (CAS);
Calabasas, 7 (6 USBS; 1 USNM). _Cochise County_: 8 mi. W Bowie, 1
(LACM); Wilcox, 4163 ft., 25 (12 USBS; 5 UM; 4 MVZ; 4 USNM); 12
mi. SE Dos Cabezos, 2 (UM); 1 mi. WSW Chiricahua National
Monument, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ); Portal, 4500 ft., 2 (USBS); Fairbank,
8 (3 AMNH; 5 CNHM); Mouth Pinery Canyon, 4 (USBS).

=New Mexico=: _Torrance County_: Gran Quivira, Mesa Jumanes, 6
(USBS). _Catron County_: Mangos Valley, 3 (USBS); Alma, 3 (USBS);
Pleasanton, 7 (USBS). _Socorro County_: Gallina Mountains, 1
(USBS); 10 mi. NE Socorro, 2 (USBS); 3 mi. N Socorro, 3 (MVZ);
Socorro, 1 (USBS); Range, 2 mi. SW Socorro, 4700 ft., 2 (MVZ);
Lava Mesa; S Clyde, 4300 ft., 1 (MVZ); Dry Creek, 3 (USBS); San
Augustine Plain, 12 mi. N Monica Springs, 2 (USBS). _Lincoln
County_: Guyo Canyon, 40 mi. SE Corona, 1 (USBS); 4 mi. W
Carrizozo, 2 (UM). _Grant County_: Gila, 5 (USBS); Cactus Flat, 20
mi. N Cliff, 3 (USBS); Cliff, Gila River, 4470 ft., 1 (USBS);
Silver City, 2 (USBS); Redrock, 2 (USBS); 9 mi. N Faywood, 2
(USBS); Hachita, 1 (USBS); Dog Spring, 11 (USNM); Deer Creek,
Culberson Ranch, 2 (USBS). _Sierra County_: Fairview, 6500 ft., 1
(USBS); Cuchillo, 4700 ft., 3 (USBS); Lake Valley, 5000 ft., 3
(USBS). _Otero County_: Tularosa, 5 (USBS); 10 mi. SW Tularosa, 2
(CNHM); Quartz Sands, SW Tularosa, 2 (MVZ); White Sands, 12 mi. W
Alamogordo, 1 (MVZ); 2 mi. S Alamogordo, 2 (UM); 3 mi. S
Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 5 mi. S Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 9 mi. SW
Alamogordo, 1 (UM); 12 mi. SW Alamogordo, 2 (UM); 15 mi. SW
Alamogordo, 1 (LACM); White Sands, 18 mi. SW Alamogordo, 7 (MVZ);
19 mi. SW Alamogordo, 3 (UM); White Sands National Monument, 24
(13 CNHM; 11 LACM); 1/2 mi. SW Escondido, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ);
Jarilla, 1 (USBS). _Hidalgo County_: 10 mi. NW Lordsburg, 6
(LACM); 4 mi. NW San Luis Pass, 5200 ft., Animas Valley, 5 (MVZ).
_Luna County_: Deming, 11 (USBS). _Dona Ana County_: Garfield, 4
(USBS); 6 to 8 mi. NE Las Cruces, 1 (CAS); 15 mi. W Las Cruces, 1
(LACM); 11 mi. W Las Cruces, 2 (CAS); Las Cruces, 3 (USBS); Organ
Mountains, near Globe Springs, 2 (USBS); Coe's Ranch, El Paso
Road, 35 mi. N El Paso, Texas, 2 (USBS); 1/4 mi. N Strauss, 2
(CAS); 1 mi. E Strauss, 4100 ft., 7 (MVZ); 35 mi. W El Paso,
Texas, 2 (USNM); 20 mi. W El Paso, Texas, 1 (USNM); 10 mi. W El
Paso, Texas, 1 (USNM); Mexican Boundary, near monument 5, Lat. 31°
47'; Long. 30° 15', 13 (USNM). _Eddy County_: 3 mi. NW Carlsbad, 7
(MVZ); 2 mi. E Carlsbad, 1 (KU); Eddy, 10 (USBS).

=Texas=: _El Paso County_: 3 mi. NE City Limits, El Paso, 3764
ft., 15 (12 MVZ; 3 TCWC); El Paso, 3 (USBS); near El Paso, 7
(USNM). _Hudspeth County_: 1 mi. NW old Fort Hancock, 3900 ft., 3
(MVZ); Fort Hancock, 4 (USNM); 4 mi. NW Sierra Blanca, 1 (LACM).
_Culberson County_: 35 mi. N Van Horn, 5 (TCWC); 30 mi. N Van
Horn, 1 (TCWC); 16 mi. E Van Horn, 3 (TCWC); 16 mi. SE Van Horn, 5
(TCWC); Kent, 1 (USBS). _Reeves County_: 5 mi. E Toyahvale, 1
(USBS). _Jeff Davis County_: 14-1/2 mi. S Fort Davis, 2 (UM).
_Presidio County_: 10 mi. NE Marfa, 1 (UM).

=Sonora=: Nogales, 2 (USNM); Santa Cruz, 4 (USNM); 5 mi. N
Cananea, 4750 ft., 4 (MVZ); Alamo Wash, 35 mi. NW Magdalena, 5
(DRD); Sonora, 2 (AMNH).

=Chihuahua=: 4.3 mi. W Casas Grandes Viejo, 5000 ft., 8 (MVZ); 1.5
mi. W Casas Grandes Viejo, 1 (MVZ); Casas Grandes, 2 (USBS);
Gallego, 1 (USBS); Colonia Diaz, 6 (USBS); Las Trincheras, 9 mi. S
by road Boquillos de Condios, 4 (MVZ); Santa Rosalia, 6 (USBS);
Chihuahua, 7 (USBS); 5 mi. SE Chihuahua, 5250 ft., 4 (MVZ);
Corallitos, 4 (1 USBS; 3 MVZ).

=Dipodomys ordii luteolus= (Goldman)

_Perodipus ordii luteolus_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
30:112, May 23, 1917.

_Dipodomys phillipsi ordi_, Coues and Allen, Monogr. of N. Amer.
Rodentia, p. 541, August, 1877 (part--the part from Niobrara
River, Nebraska).

_Perodipus montanus richardsoni_, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:141,
August 17, 1911 (part--the part from Sterling, Colorado).

_Dipodomys ordii luteolus_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2,
1921.

_Type._--Male, adult, no. 160408, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv.
Coll.; Casper, Natrona County, Wyoming; obtained on September 2,
1909, by Merritt Cary, original no. 1690.

_Range._--Southeastern Wyoming, northeastern Colorado,
northwestern half of Nebraska and southwestern South Dakota;
marginal occurrences are: in Wyoming, Casper, Sun and Ft. Steele;
in Colorado, Loveland, Hugo and Akron; in Nebraska, Birdwood
Creek, Neligh and Valentine; in South Dakota, Batesland and
Buffalo Gap.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color light, entire
dorsal surface between Light Ochraceous-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff,
purest on sides and flanks; upper parts but lightly washed with
black; arietiform markings, plantar surfaces of hind feet, pinnae
of ears and dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, blackish. Skull
medium in size; jugal weak; braincase slightly inflated; nasals
slightly flared distally.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii terrosus_, _D. o. luteolus_
differs as follows: Size smaller, except that tail and ear are
longer; color lighter in all pigmented areas; skull smaller in
every measurement taken; auditory bullae less inflated; zygomatic
processes of maxillae smaller; cutting edge of upper incisors
narrower; zygomatic arch weaker.

From _Dipodomys ordii priscus_, _D. o. luteolus_ differs in: Size
larger except hind foot which is shorter; dorsal and ventral
stripes of tail, plantar surfaces of hind feet, arietiform
markings and pinnae of ears, in most specimens, darker; auditory
bullae less inflated; nasals shorter; rostrum wider; total length
of skull shorter; zygomatic arch weaker; foramen magnum more
ovate.

From _Dipodomys ordii evexus_, _D. o. luteolus_ differs as
follows: Hind foot longer; color lighter in all pigmented areas;
auditory bullae more inflated; pterygoid fossae more expanded
laterally; width across maxillary arches less; interorbital region
narrower; zygomatic arch weaker; external auditory meatus almost
round as opposed to ovoid.

Comparison with _Dipodomys ordii richardsoni_ is made in account
of that subspecies.

_Remarks._--_Dipodomys ordii luteolus_ resembles _D. o. priscus_ in size and color but can readily be told from it and _D. o. richardsoni_ when specimens from the central portions of the ranges of the subspecies are compared. At and near the periphery of the range, especially in that part which adjoins the range of _D. o. richardsoni_, intergradation occurs. Specimens from Kennedy, Perch and Neligh, Nebraska, approach _D. o. richardsoni_ in the shape of the pterygoid fossae and nasal bones, but in all other characters they resemble _D. o. luteolus_ to which subspecies they are here referred. Specimens from Loveland and 20 miles east of Avalo, Colorado, show intergradation with _D. o. richardsoni_ in the width of the rostrum and size of the zygomatic arch but are referable to _D. o. luteolus_.

No specimens here referred to _D. o. luteolus_ were found to intergrade with _D. o. priscus_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 250, distributed as follows:

=South Dakota=: _Perkins County_: 9 mi. N Bison, 8 (MVZ). _Meade
County_: Smithsville, 2 (USBS). _Jackson County_: 20 mi. SSE
Phillip, in Haakon County, 1 (MVZ). _Custer County_: Elk Mountain,
1 (MHS); Buffalo Gap, 2 (USNM). _Bennett County_: Big Spring
Canyon, Batesland, 7 (CNHM); Rosebud Indian Agency, 1 (USBS).

=Wyoming=: _Fremont County_: 2-1/2 mi. W Shoshoni, 80 (KU);
Granite Mountain, 1 (UM). _Natrona County_: 1 mi. NE Casper, 19
(KU); Casper, 7 (USBS); Sun, 8 (USBS). _Converse County_: Douglas,
2 (USBS). _Niobrara County_: Van Tassel Creek, 1 (CM). _Carbon
County_: Fort Steele, 1 (USBS). _Goshen County_: Rawhide Butte, 1
(USBS).

=Nebraska=: _Sioux County_: Warbonnet Canyon, 6 (MHS); Glen, 1
(MHS); Agate, 3 (1 UM; 2 CNHM); Jim Creek, 1 (MHS). _Box Butte
County_: 16 mi. NE Alliance, 4 (UM). _Sheridan County_: 12 mi. S
Gordon, 3 (MVZ); 5 mi. N Antioch, 4 (UM); 4 mi. N Antioch, 3 (UM).
_Cherry County_: Valentine, 9 (6 USBS; 2 USNM; 1 NU); 15 mi. E
Gordon, 1 (CNHM); Niobrara River, 3 (USBS); 18 mi. NW Kennedy, 3
(2 USBS; 1 MHS); Valentine Lake Refuge, 1 (NU); Kennedy, 10 (3
MVZ; 5 USBS; 2 USNM); 30 mi. S Wood Lake, 4 (CNHM); Cherry, 7
(NU); near Clark's Canyon, 7 (USBS). _Rock County_: Perch, 12 (10
AMNH; 2 CNHM). _Antelope County_: Neligh, 8 (1 USBS; 7 MHS).
_Scotts Bluff County_: Mitchell, 1 (MHS). _Hooker County_: Kelso,
5 (UM). _Thomas County_: Halsey, 1 (MHS); Dismal River, 2 (USBS).
_Custer County_: 1 mi. NW Gavin, 6 (2 MVZ; 4 UM); Gavin, 3 (UM); 8
mi. NW Anselmo, 1 (UM); 7 mi. NW Anselmo, 1 (UM). _Lincoln
County_: Birdwood Creek, 2 (USBS); Brady, 4 (NU); Hackberry Lake,
13 (UM).

=Colorado=: _Larimer County_: Loveland, 8 (USBS). _Weld County_:
20 mi. E Avalo, 3 (USBS); 8 mi. E Pawnee Buttes, 1 (USBS);
Greeley, 1 (USBS). _Morgan County_: 30 mi. S Fort Morgan, 1 (UM).
_Logan County_: Sterling, 8 (USBS). _Adams County_: Barr Lake, 4
(CMNH); 6 mi. E and 1 mi. N Denver, 1 (CMNH); 3 mi. NE Fitzsimons,
1 (CMNH). _Washington County_: Akron, 2 (UM). _Lincoln County_:
Limon, 1 (USBS); Hugo, 1 (USBS). _El Paso County_: Colorado
Springs, 2 (MVZ).

=Dipodomys ordii extractus= new subspecies

_Type._--Male, adult, no. 76562, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
University of California; 1 mi. E Samalayuca, 4500 ft., Chihuahua,
Mexico; obtained on May 15, 1937, by William B. Richardson,
original no. 2148.

_Range._--Known only from the type locality.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, entire
dorsal surface Pinkish Buff, purest on sides and flanks, dorsal
surface but slightly suffused with black; pinnae of ears, plantar
surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail
light-brownish. Skull medium in size; nasals long; rostrum
relatively as well as actually wide; least interorbital breadth
wide; auditory bullae relatively little inflated; braincase but
slightly vaulted; external auditory meatus ovoid; zygomatic arches
relatively robust and but slightly bowed laterad; pterygoid fossae
subcircular; lacrimal processes small; foramen magnum deeply
notched on dorsal border.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii ordii_, _D. o. extractus_
differs as follows: Size larger; color lighter; arietiform marks
absent in _D. o. extractus_ but pronounced in _D. o. ordii_; skull
larger; rostrum wider; nasals longer; re inflated laterally;
braincase less vaulted; pterygoid fossae subcircular as opposed to
circular; foramen magnum more deeply evaginated dorsally and
ventrally.

1. _D. o. richardsoni_ 8. _D. o. terrosus_ 18. _D. o. montanus_
2. _D. o. oklahomae_ 10. _D. o. uintensis_ 24. _D. o. priscus_
5. _D. o. evexus_ 11. _D. o. sanrafaeli_ 31. _D. o. longipes_
6. _D. o. medius_ 15. _D. o. luteolus_ 33. _D. o. nexilis_ ]

From _Dipodomys ordii obscurus_, _D. o. extractus_ differs as
follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger in all respects,
notably in least interorbital width, greatest length of skull and
breadth across auditory bullae; zygomatic arches less robust and
straight as opposed to robust and bowed laterally; pterygoid fossae
subcircular as opposed to circular; auditory bullae more inflated
ventrally.

From _Dipodomys ordii idoneus_, _D. o. extractus_ differs in: Size
larger; color lighter; skull larger in all measurements taken
except least interorbital width and breadth across maxillary
arches which are smaller; nasals longer and narrower; braincase
less vaulted; zygomatic arches less robust and more nearly
straight; auditory bullae less inflated ventrally.

_Remarks._--This subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ is the palest of any of the known races from Mexico. It inhabits an area of light-colored sandy soil at the type locality.

The only subspecies with which _D. o. extractus_ really needs comparison is _Dipodomys ordii ordii_ from which it differs as described above. The series which is herein described contains two individuals that resemble _D. o. ordii_ cranially and three that resemble it in color although they are somewhat paler. One specimen, MVZ no. 76560, is the palest of any of the series, has a short tail and in these respects resembles the pale form of _Dipodomys ordii compactus_. It is apparent from the skull of this latter individual that it is not _D. o. compactus_ but _D. o. extractus_.

_Dipodomys ordii ordii_ inhabits, in most of its range, dark-colored soils, whereas _D. o. extractus_ inhabits light-colored soils. Possibly the differentiation that has occurred is a result of an ecological separation much as occurs with _Perognathus_ on the white sands and black lavas of the Tularosa Basin of New Mexico (see Benson, 1933).

_Specimens examined._--Total, 14, all from Chihuahua, as follows: 1
mi. E Samalayuca, 4500 ft., 14 (MVZ).

=Dipodomys ordii chapmani= Mearns

_Dipodomys chapmani_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:291,
February 21, 1890.

_Cricetodipus chapmani_, Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, 1:581,
1897.

_Perodipus chapmani_, Elliot, Field Columbian Museum, Zool. Ser.,
2:237, 1901.

_Perodipus ordii chapmani_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
30:113, May 23, 1917.

_Dipodomys ordii chapmani_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2,
1921.

_Cotypes._--Male, no. 2400, and female, no. 2398, Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist.; Fort Verde, Yavapai County, Arizona; obtained on January 26,
1887, and October 1, 1885, respectively, by Edgar A. Mearns. (Type
not seen.)

_Range._--Central Arizona from the Grand Canyon of the Colorado
River, southeastward to, and probably beyond, Fort Verde; marginal
occurrences are: lower end Prespect Valley, Kirkland, Prescott,
Camp Verde, Bill Williams Mountain.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color dark; entire
dorsal surface between (_10''_) Pinkish Cinnamon and
Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks, upper parts strongly
suffused with black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar
surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail,
blackish. Skull medium in size; rostrum long and narrow; nasals
long; auditory bullae slightly distended; braincase vaulted.

_Comparisons._--For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii cupidineus_,
_Dipodomys ordii longipes_ and _Dipodomys ordii ordii_ see
accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--This subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ is relatively isolated from other subspecies of the species. The Colorado River with its deep canyons is interposed between the ranges of _D. o. chapmani_ and _D. o. cupidineus_. A high range of mountains separates _D. o. chapmani_ from the range of _D. o. longipes_. The only race with which _D. o. chapmani_ probably comes into contact is _D. o. ordii_ to the southeast. No specimens are available from the southeastern part of the range of _D. o. chapmani_. Animals from the northwestern part of the range of _D. o. ordii_, without exception, have dark-colored pelage which is characteristic of _D. o. chapmani_. In the shape of the nasals, vault of the braincase, interorbital width and auditory bullae, animals from Rice, Arizona, resemble _D. o. chapmani_, but in other characters resemble _D. o. ordii_ to which subspecies they are referred. Animals from 20 miles northeast of Calva, Arizona, are dark-colored and are intermediate between the dark _D. o. chapmani_ and the pale _D. o. ordii_ in size of the cranium and body but are referable to _D. o. ordii_. In the northwestern part of the range of _D. o. chapmani_ the animals are not typical in that they have a shorter, wider rostrum and a heavier zygomatic arch than topotypes.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 90, all from Arizona, distributed as
follows: _Mohave County_: lower end Prospect Valley, 4500 ft.,
Grand Canyon, 7 (USBS); Kingman, 9 (LACM). _Coconino County_:
Aubrey Valley, 10 mi. S Pine Spring, 4 (USBS); Bill Williams
Mountain, 1 (USNM). _Yavapai County_: 3 mi. N Fort Whipple, 11
(USBS); Fort Whipple, 4 (2 USBS; 2 USNM); Willow Creek, 4 mi. N
Prescott, 4 (MVZ); 1 mi. W Camp Verde, 1 (MVZ); Camp Verde, 33 (15
USBS; 3 MVZ; 3 AMNH; 9 LACM; 3 DRD); 1/2 mi. S Camp Verde, 4 (MVZ);
Kirkland, 9 (USBS); Turkey Creek, 3 (USBS).

=Dipodomys ordii montanus= Baird

_Dipodomys montanus_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,
7:334, April, 1855.

_Perodipus montanus_, Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
17:140, July 14, 1904.

_Perodipus ordii montanus_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
30:113, May 23, 1917.

_Dipodomys ordii montanus_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2,
1921.

_Type._--Male, no. 490/1631, U. S. Nat. Mus.; near Fort
Massachusetts, Costilla County, Colorado; obtained in 1853 by F.
Kreutzfeldt (Pacific Railroad Survey).

_Range._--The San Luis Valley of south-central Colorado and
north-central New Mexico; marginal occurrence are: in Colorado, 22
mi. E Mosca, Saguache, Alamosa and Antonito; in New Mexico, 4 mi.
SW Cimmaron.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface between (_c_) Vinaceous-Buff and Avellaneous,
purest on sides and flanks, upper parts strongly suffused with
black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of
hind feet and dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, blackish. Skull
small; rostrum slender; interorbital width narrow; auditory bullae
strongly inflated; braincase but slightly vaulted; interparietal
region wide; zygomatic arch bowed laterally.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii richardsoni_, _D. o.
montanus_ differs as follows: Size smaller; color darker in all
pigmented areas; ventral stripe of tail continuous to end of
pencil in all specimens, whereas in _D. o. richardsoni_ the stripe
is incomplete in most specimens. In all specimens the dorsal and
ventral stripes of the tail are darker in _D. o. montanus_; skull
smaller in all measurements taken; jugal straight or nearly so, as
contrasted to bowed laterally; pterygoid fossae shallower and more
ovoid, that is to say, wings of pterygoid flare laterally; ventral
projection of auditory bullae more pronounced; rostrum,
immediately in front of zygomatic process of maxilla, nearly
parallel to median plane along long axis of skull, while in _D. o.
richardsoni_ this union forms a decided obtuse angle; paroccipital
processes smaller; foramen magnum smaller and more ovoid as
opposed to larger and more circular.

From _Dipodomys ordii evexus_, _D. o. montanus_ differs as
follows: Size smaller in all measurements taken except width
across auditory bullae which is greater; color darker, ventral
stripe of tail continuous to end of pencil; least width of
supraoccipital less (2.5 mm. in _D. o. montanus_ and 3.5 mm. in
_D. o. evexus_); extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals
greater; braincase more inflated dorsally; bullae relatively as
well as actually larger and more inflated ventrally; pterygoid
fossae narrower anteroposteriorly and wider laterally than in _D.
o. evexus_; jugal straight or nearly so as contrasted to bowed
laterally; lacrimal processes smaller.

For comparison with _Dipodomys ordii medius_ see account of that
subspecies.

14. _D. o. ordii_ 17. _D. o. chapmani_ 31. _D. o. longipes_ ]

_Remarks._--This subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ appears to be restricted to the San Luis Valley of Colorado and New Mexico. Intergradation, between _Dipodomys ordii ordii_ and _D. o. montanus_, is noted in animals from Gran Quivira, Mesa Jumanes, New Mexico. These animals have the frontomaxillary suture and extension of the premaxilla as in _D. o. ordii_ and the nasals and inflation of the auditory bullae as in _D. o. montanus_. In the majority of characters they are, however, referable to the latter. Intergradation is noted also in animals from 4 miles southwest of Cimmaron, New Mexico, in that they resemble _D. o. richardsoni_ in the shape of the nasals and the width and length of the rostrum but in the remainder of the characters studied resemble _D. o. montanus_ to which they are referred.

Baird, in the original description, gives "near Fort Massachusetts" as the type locality for this subspecies. Miller (1923) lists the type locality as "Fort Massachusetts (now Fort Garland)." Fort Massachusetts and Fort Garland are two different ex-army posts. Old Fort Massachusetts was situated on what is now the Trinchera Ranch which is north of the town of Fort Garland. Old Fort Garland is approximately one-half mile south of the town of Fort Garland. The two abandoned army posts were no more than twelve miles apart. In 1946, at neither abandoned post could I find any habitat suitable for kangaroo rats.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 148, distributed as follows:

=Colorado=: _Saguache County_: Saguache, 1 (USBS). _Alamosa
County_: 1.6 mi. NE Medano Springs Ranch Headquarters, 8 (MVZ);
Great Sand Dunes National Monument, 10 (MVZ); 8 mi. S Great Sand
Dunes National Monument, 4 (MVZ); Medano Ranch, 15 mi. NE Mosca,
11 (2 USBS; 9 MVZ); 22 mi. E Mosca, 5 (AMNH); Alamosa, 1 (UM).
_Conejos County_: Antonito, 1 (USBS); 7 mi. E Antonito, 3 (USBS);
12 mi. E Antonito, 2 (USBS). _Costilla County_: 4-1/2 mi. N
Blanca, 8100 ft., 3 (MVZ); 1 mi. NE Blanca, 7950 ft., 1 (MVZ); 3
mi. NW Fort Garland, 6 (CMNH); 1 mi. NW Fort Garland, 3 (MVZ); 15
mi. W Fort Garland, 7800 ft., 4 (KU); Fort Garland, 64 (31 USBS;
28 LACM; 5 MVZ); 5 mi. SSE Fort Garland, 4 (AMNH); 5 mi. S Fort
Garland, 2 (AMNH).

=New Mexico=: _Colfax County_: 4 mi. SW Cimmaron, 5 (AMNH); 3 mi.
SE Cimmaron, 8 (AMNH); 1-1/2 mi. W Philmont Ranch Headquarters, 2
(AMNH).

=Dipodomys ordii cinderensis= Hardy

_Dipodomys ordii cinderensis_ Hardy, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
57:53, October 31, 1944.

_Type._--Male, no. 4611, Mus. Zool., Univ. Utah; at approximately
4,000 ft. on sandy soil, immediately north of the northern of two
large cinder cones in Diamond Valley, 10 mi. N St. George,
Washington County, Utah; obtained on February 13, 1944, by Ross
Hardy, original no. 2690.

_Range._--Diamond Valley, Washington County, Utah, north through
Mountain Meadows, east as far as Cedar City, Iron County, Utah,
north through the Escalante Desert to Lund, Iron County, and west
almost to the Utah-Nevada boundary; marginal occurrences, all in
Utah are: 11 mi. SE Lund; N end Mountain Meadows; Diamond Valley;
10 mi. W Cedar City; 4-1/2 mi. NW Summit and 6 mi. W Parowan.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color dark, upper
parts near Buffy Brown, strongly suffused with black, purest on
sides and flanks; pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet,
dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, arietiform markings, black.
Skull small; rostrum narrow; auditory bullae relatively as well as
actually well inflated; external auditory meatus small;
interparietal region narrow.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii fetosus_, _D. o.
cinderensis_ differs in: Size smaller; color darker; skull smaller
in all measurements taken.

From _Dipodomys ordii panguitchensis_, _D. o. cinderensis_ differs
as follows: Size smaller; color lighter; skull smaller except for
auditory bullae which are larger; external auditory meatus
smaller; maxillary tooth-row longer.

Compared with _Dipodomys ordii longipes_ and _Dipodomys ordii
cupidineus_, _D. o. cinderensis_ is smaller, darker and can easily
be distinguished.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_ and _Dipodomys
ordii utahensis_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--This race confined to Utah, and inhabiting northern Washington County and most of Iron County, is restricted almost exclusively to areas of loose shifting sand. Intergradation with _Dipodomys ordii fetosus_ occurs near Lund. The animals from this locality intergrade in size of body and in color, but in the majority of cranial characters resemble _D. o. cinderensis_. In all characters studied _D. o. cinderensis_ appears to be more closely related to _Dipodomys ordii utahensis_ than to any other subspecies with which it comes into actual contact.

Animals from near Parowan have both cranial and external characters by which they could be referred to either _D. o. panguitchensis_ or _D. o. cinderensis_. Owing to the existence of the physical barrier (Cedar Mountains) separating the two populations, they are referred to _D. o. cinderensis_. _Dipodomys ordii cinderensis_ is not a well differentiated race but appears to possess characters sufficiently diagnostic to distinguish it from contiguous forms.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 74, all from Utah, distributed as
follows: _Iron County_: 11 mi. SE Lund, 50 (46 RH; 4 MVZ); 4-1/2
mi. NW Summit and 6 mi. W Parowan, 9 (RH); 10 mi. W Cedar City, 1
(USAC); 5 mi. W Cedar City, 1 (USAC); Cedar City, 2 (BYU).
_Washington County_: Diamond Valley, 9 (RH); N end Mountain
Meadows, 2 (RH).

=Dipodomys ordii fetosus= Durrant and Hall

_Dipodomys ordii fetosus_ Durrant and Hall, Mammalia, 3:14, March,
1939.

_Type._--Female, adult, no. 48451, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
University of California; 2 mi. N Panaca, 4,800 ft., Lincoln
County, Nevada; obtained on June 24, 1931, by Ward C. Russell,
original no. 1658.

_Range._--Southeastern Nevada and western Beaver and Millard
counties, Utah; marginal occurrences in Nevada, 2 mi. SE Pioche,
15 mi. WSW Sunnyside, 16-1/2 mi. WSW Sunnyside, 14 mi. NNE Sharp,
8-1/2 mi. NE Sharp, 15 mi. S Groom Baldy, 10 mi. E Crystal Spring,
Panaca; in Utah, Pine Valley, 50 mi. W Milford and 5 mi. S
Garrison.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface (_16''_) between Pinkish Cinnamon and Cinnamon-Buff,
purest on sides and flanks with strong admixture of black in upper
parts; cheeks white; pinnae of ears, arietiform markings, plantar
surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail,
blackish. Skull medium in size; rostrum wide and short;
interorbital region narrow; braincase but slightly vaulted;
lacrimal processes large; zygomatic arches weak and bowed
laterally; pterygoid fossae large and subcircular.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii utahensis_, _D. o. fetosus_
differs as follows: Hind foot longer; color lighter; skull larger;
rostrum, relatively as well as actually, shorter and wider; nasals
longer and wider; interorbital region narrower; braincase less
vaulted; interparietal region narrower; auditory bullae more
inflated laterally, posteriorly and ventrally; foramen magnum
smaller.

From _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_, _D. o. fetosus_ differs as
follows: Larger; color darker; arietiform markings present; skull
larger; rostrum longer and wider; nasals longer and less inflated
distally; interorbital region wider; auditory bullae somewhat more
inflated; zygomatic arches more robust.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii monoensis_, _D. o.
columbianus_, _D. o. pallidus_, _D. o. panguitchensis_ and _D. o.
cinderensis_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--_Dipodomys ordii fetosus_ has a small geographic range. Hall (1946:416) points out that the interorbital breadth in topotypes is less than in those from any other part of the range. This feature, therefore, is not useful in characterizing this subspecies. Intergradation with _Dipodomys ordii columbianus_ is noted in the greater total length and the somewhat darker color in animals from Coal Valley and Garden Valley, Nevada. In the part of the range which lies in Utah, none of the animals is typical and all are intergrades in color and cranial characters with _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 136, distributed as follows:

=Nevada=: _Nye County_: White River Valley, 15 mi. WSW Sunnyside,
5500 ft., 26 (MVZ); White River Valley, 16-1/2 mi. WSW Sunnyside,
5500 ft., 6 (MVZ); 14 mi. NNE Sharp, 1 (MVZ); Garden Valley, 15
mi. NE Sharp, 1 (MVZ); Garden Valley, 14-1/2 mi. NE Sharp, 3
(MVZ); 8-1/2 mi. NE Sharp, 17 (MVZ). _Lincoln County_: E side Coal
Valley, 14 mi. N Seeman Pass, 4850 ft., 4 (MVZ); 2 mi. SE Pioche,
1 (MVZ); E side Coal Valley, 10 mi. N Seeman Pass, 1 (MVZ); Desert
Valley, 20 mi. SW Pioche, 1 (MVZ); 2 mi. N Panaca, 4800 ft., 17
(16 MVZ; 1 CAS); Desert Valley, 21 mi. W Panaca, 10 (MVZ); Crystal
Spring, Pahranagat Valley, 4000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 10 mi. E Crystal
Springs, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ); 15 mi. S Groom Baldy, 1 (MVZ).

=Utah=: _Millard County_: 5 mi. S Garrison, 5400 ft., 12 (MVZ);
Pine Valley, Sec. 33, T. 25 S, R. 17 W, 5000 ft., 16 (UU); Warm
Cove, Sec. 34, T. 25 S, R. 18 W, 5500 ft., 2 (UU); Desert Range
Experiment Station, 50 mi. W Milford, 5252 ft., 10 (9 UU; 1 BYU).

=Dipodomys ordii utahensis= (Merriam)

_Perodipus montanus utahensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 17:143, July 14, 1904.

_Perodipus ordii utahensis_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
30:113, May 23, 1917.

_Dipodomys ordii columbianus_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May
2, 1921.

_Dipodomys ordii columbianus_, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool.,
37:5, April 10, 1931 (part--the part from Ogden, Utah.)

_Type._--Male, adult, no. 55115, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.;
Ogden, Weber County, Utah; obtained on July 15, 1893, by Vernon
Bailey, original no. 4085.

_Range._--Between Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Mountains from
extreme northern Utah, south to northern Sevier County, Utah;
marginal occurrences, all in Utah, are: Promontory Point, Ogden,
St. John, Cedar Valley, Nephi, Aurora, Spring City, Provo and 4
mi. N Draper.

_Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface (_a_) between Cinnamon-Buff and Clay Color, purest
on sides, flanks and cheeks, with heavy admixture of black in
upper parts; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces
of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail blackish. Skull
small; rostrum short and narrow; interorbital region moderately
wide; interparietal large, spatulate anteriorly; lacrimal
processes relatively large; braincase vaulted; zygomatic arches
robust and straight; auditory bullae relatively, as well as
actually, greatly inflated.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii marshalli_, _D. o.
utahensis_ differs as follows: Size smaller; color darker; skull
smaller; rostrum longer and narrower; interorbital region wider;
lacrimal processes larger; interparietal region larger; auditory
bullae less inflated; palate longer and narrower.

From _Dipodomys ordii pallidus_, _D. o. utahensis_ differs in:
Size smaller; color darker; skull smaller; rostrum shorter and
narrower; interorbital region narrower; auditory bullae less
inflated laterally, posteriorly and ventrally; interparietal
region larger; lacrimal processes smaller; foramen magnum with
ventral notch as opposed to rounded ventrally; pterygoid fossae
circular as opposed to subcircular; palate longer and narrower.

From _Dipodomys ordii cinderensis_, _D. o. utahensis_ differs as
follows: Size larger, except hind foot which is shorter; color
somewhat lighter, more reddish; skull larger; rostrum longer;
nasals longer; braincase more vaulted; pterygoid fossae circular
as opposed to subcircular; auditory bullae less inflated laterally
but more inflated ventrally.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii columbianus_, _D. o.
fetosus_, _D. o. marshalli_, _D. o. panguitchensis_ and _D. o.
cineraceus_ see accounts of those subspecies.

_Remarks._--The systematic status of _D. o. utahensis_ has long been in doubt. Several workers have, at various times, considered it to be indistinguishable from _Dipodomys ordii columbianus_. Durrant and Setzer (1945:29) recognized it as a valid subspecies and gave diagnostic characters by which it could be distinguished from _D. o. columbianus_.

Intergradation has been noted in specimens from the eastern and southeastern shores of Great Salt Lake. In color and the width of the auditory bullae these specimens are intermediate between _D. o. utahensis_ and _Dipodomys ordii marshalli_ but in the sum total of characters are referable to the latter. Specimens from 20 miles southwest of Nephi and from U. B. (Yuba) Dam are darker and intermediate in rostral width and breadth of the auditory bullae but are referable to _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 91, all from Utah, distributed as
follows: _Box Elder County_: Promontory Point, 1 (USNM). _Weber
County_: Ogden, 4293 ft., 20 (7 BYU; 7 MVZ; 4 USNM); Little
Mountain, 1 (USNM). _Davis County_: Antelope Island, Great Salt
Lake, 4250 ft., 5 (USNM). _Tooele County_: Bauer, 4500 ft., 6 (UU);
St. John, 4300 ft., 4 (UU); Little Valley, Sheeprock Mountains,
5500 ft., 1 (UU); Clover Creek, Onaqui Mountains, 5500 ft., 1 (UU).
_Salt Lake County_: Plain, 4 mi. N Draper, 4500 ft., 1 (UU). _Utah
County_: Fairfield, Cedar Valley, 4800 ft., 15 (9 BYU; 6 UU); W
Lake Mountains, 9 (BYU); Provo, 4510 ft., 10 (MVZ); Sand Dunes W
Curtis Station, 4 (BYU). _Juab County_: Nephi, 2 (1 USNM; 1 MVZ); 4
mi. W Nephi, 1 (RH). _San Pete County_: Spring City, 4 (LACM).
_Sevier County_: 1 mi. W Aurora, 5190 ft., 6 (5 UU; 1 USNM).

=Dipodomys ordii columbianus= (Merriam)

_Perodipus ordi columbianus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,
9:115, June 21, 1894.

_Dipodomys phillipii_, Baird, U. S. P. R. R. Expl. and Surveys,
Gen. Rept., p. 412, 1857 (part--the part from Ft. Walla Walla, O.
T.).

_Cricetodipus ordii columbianus_, Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium,
1:581, 1897.

_Perodipus ordii columbianus_, Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 30:113, May 23, 1917.

_Dipodomys ordii columbianus_, Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May
2, 1921.

_Type._--Female, adult, no. 24181/31594, U. S. Nat. Mus., Dept. of
Agriculture, Coll.; Umatilla, Plains of Columbia, Umatilla County,
Oregon; obtained on October 18, 1890, by Clark P. Streator,
original no. 386.

_Range._--Southeastern Washington, eastern Oregon, southwestern
Idaho, northwestern, northern and most of northeastern Nevada;
marginal occurrences are: in Washington, 2 mi. SW Paterson, 4 mi.
E Burbank and Wallula; in Oregon, 7 mi. E Madras, 2 mi. E
Prineville and Guano Valley; in California, Eagleville, Red Rock,
Observation Peak, 5 mi. E Litchfield, Honey Lake, Vinton; in
Nevada, 3-1/2 mi. E Flanigan, 6 mi. S Pahrum Peak, 2-1/2 mi. E and
11 mi. N Gerlach, 2 mi. SW Quinn River Crossing, 1 mi. SE
Tuscarora, 5 mi. N Beowawe, 1/2 mi. S Beowawe, 2-1/2 mi. NE Smiths
Creek Ranch, Bells Ranch, 5 mi. W Austin, 8 mi. W Eureka, 4 mi. S
Shoshone, 5 mi. SE Greens Ranch, and 22 mi. N Deeth; in Idaho, 8
mi. W Rodgerson, 6 mi. SW American Falls, 4 mi. NE American Falls,
5 mi. NW Michaud, Arco, Hammett and Payette; in Oregon, Umatilla.

_Diagnosis._--Size medium (see measurements). Color dark, entire
dorsal surface (_16''_) between Pinkish Cinnamon and
Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks with strong admixture of
black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of
ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of
tail, blackish. Skull medium in size; rostrum relatively
long and narrow; nasals long and expanded distally; interorbital
region narrow; lacrimal processes small; braincase but slightly
vaulted; auditory bullae relatively greatly inflated; pterygoid
fossae circular; zygomatic arches robust.

_Comparisons._--From _Dipodomys ordii utahensis_, _D. o.
columbianus_ differs as follows: Color lighter, dorsal and ventral
stripes of tail brownish as opposed to black; ventral stripe of
tail, in most specimens, incomplete to end of pencil as opposed to
complete; lacrimal processes smaller; extension of premaxillae
dorsad wider; interparietal generally narrower, smaller,
quadrangular and truncate anteriorly, as opposed to spatulate and
rounded anteriorly; braincase less vaulted; zygomatic arches bowed
laterally as opposed to straight; styloid processes larger;
cutting edge of upper incisors narrower.

From _Dipodomys ordii fetosus_, _D. o. columbianus_ differs in:
Hind foot shorter; color generally darker; skull larger; rostrum
shorter and wider; nasals somewhat shorter; braincase more
vaulted; auditory bullae less inflated; interparietal region
wider; ventral border of foramen magnum more rounded (less
indented); zygomatic arches straight as opposed to bowed
laterally.

For comparisons with _Dipodomys ordii inaquosus_, _Dipodomys ordii
monoensis_ and _Dipodomys ordii celeripes_ see accounts of those
subspecies.

_Remarks._--In most subspecies of _Dipodomys ordii_ having large geographic ranges, there is a certain amount of variation, but _D. o. columbianus_ remains relatively stable throughout its large range. Where extreme variation is noted in _D. o. columbianus_ it is obviously the result of intergradation. This intergradation is noted between _Dipodomys ordii monoensis_ and _D. o. columbianus_ in Lyon County, Nevada, where the animals are referable to the former race cranially but to the latter on the basis of color. Animals from Kelton, Utah, are in color as _Dipodomys ordii marshalli_ and cranially combine characters of _D. o. columbianus_, _D. o. utahensis_ and _D. o. marshalli_. The sum total of their characters places them with _D. o. marshalli_. Durrant and Setzer (1945:29), and the present writer in this account, do not record any animals from Utah as belonging to _D. o. columbianus_. Nevertheless, the influence of _D. o. columbianus_ is seen in the animals from Kelton, Utah.

_Specimens examined._--Total, 588, distributed as follows:

=Washington=: _Benton County_: Blalock Island, 2 mi. SW Paterson,
2 (MVZ). _Walla Walla County_: 4 mi. E Burbank, 4 (MVZ); 2 mi. SSE
Burbank, 27 (MVZ); Wallula, 7 (4 MVZ; 3 DRD).

=Oregon=: _Gilliam County_: Arlington, 1 (MVZ). Morrow County:
2-1/2 mi. SW Irigon, 6 (MVZ); Cecil, 1 (MVZ). _Umatilla County_:
Umatilla, 10 (MVZ). _Jefferson County_: 7 mi. E Madras, 2 (DRD).
_Crook County_: 2 mi. NE Prineville, 1 (MVZ); 7 mi. W Prineville,
8 (MVZ); 4 mi. SW Prineville, 23 (MVZ); Crooked River, at mouth of
Bear Creek, 8 (MVZ). _Lake County_: Fort Rock, 1 (DRD); NE edge
Alkali Lake, 8 (MVZ); 9 mi. S Adel, mouth 20 Mile Creek, 1 (MVZ);
Guano Ranch, Guano Valley, 2 (DRD). _Harney County_: Malheur Lake,
9 (LACM); Narrows, 1 (DRD); 1 mi. S Narrows, 3 (MVZ); 5 mi. SW
Narrows, 19 (MVZ); Smith Creek, 10 mi. SE Diamond, 1 (MVZ); Lake
Alvord, 1 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. E Denio, 4 (MVZ). _Malheur County_: 3
mi. N Vale, 2 (MVZ); 8 mi. N Jordan Valley, 1 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. S
Rome, 5 (MVZ); 1 mi. S Rome, 11 (MVZ).

=Idaho=: _Payette County_: Payette, 1 (DRD). _Butte County_: Arco,
1 (MVZ). _Elmore County_: Hammett, 1 (MVZ). _Bingham County_: 5 mi.
E Shelley, 1 (MVZ); Blackfoot, 5 (MVZ); 3 mi. S Blackfoot, 6 (MVZ);
Aberdeen, 1 (MVZ). _Owyhee County_: S bank Snake River, Homedale,
13 (MVZ); Indian Cove, 4 (MVZ); 5 mi. SE Murphy, 3 (MVZ); Castle
Creek, 8 mi. S Oreana, 1 (MVZ); S Fork Owyhee River, 12 mi. N
Nevada line, 1 (MVZ). _Minidoka County_: Acequia, 8 (MVZ); 4 mi. N
Rupert, 2 (MVZ). _Twin Falls County_: Salmon Creek, 8 mi. W
Rodgerson, 7 (MVZ). _Power County_: 5 mi. NW Michaud, 4 (MVZ); 4
mi. NE American Falls, 4 (MVZ); 6 mi. SW American Falls, 10 (MVZ).

=California=: _Modoc County_: Eagleville, 12 (CAS); 2 mi. E
Eagleville, 7 (CAS); 2-1/2 mi. E Eagleville, 24 (CAS); 3 mi. E
Eagleville, 6 (CAS); 5 mi. E Eagleville, 3 (CAS). _Lassen County_:
2 mi. W Red Rock P. O., 1 (MVZ); 1 mi. W Red Rock P. O., 4 (MVZ);
Dransfield, 6 mi. E Ravendale, 5300 ft., 4 (CAS); 7 mi. E
Ravendale, 1 (MVZ); 7 mi. N Observation Peak, 21 (MVZ); 6 mi. N
Observation Peak, 7 (MVZ); Observation Peak, 31 (MVZ); Pete's
Valley, 4 (MVZ); 5 mi. E Litchfield, 12 (MVZ); 6 mi. W Wendell,
3975 ft., 3 (CAS); 8 mi. SW Wendell, 5 (CAS); Honey Lake, 2
(LACM); 4-1/2 mi. WNW Stacy, 5 (MVZ); 3 mi. NW Warm Springs, 1
(MVZ). _Plumas County_: Beckwith, 1 (DRD); 2 mi. WNW Vinton, 2
(MVZ); Vinton, 18 (14 LACM; 4 MVZ); 1 mi. E Vinton, 7 (MVZ); near
Vinton, 21 (DRD).