Chapter VII: Section II: DENTICETE (cf. p. 35) (2)

In the Cape specimen the intermaxillaries are nearly of the same width in the whole of their length; in the Seychelles skull they are contracted in the greater part of their length, and rather dilated in front.

Mr. Swinburne Ward has kindly sent a very beautiful skull of a “Killer” taken in the sea near the Seychelle Islands.

To determine this skull I have been induced to compare the skulls of the genus in the British Museum, which it is very necessary to do from time to time, as specimens gradually accumulate, and often arrive when I am occupied on other subjects, and consequently are put aside for future examination.

In this examination I have observed that in the ‘Catalogue of Seals and Whales’ I have confounded with the skull described under the name of _Orca capensis_ one from the North Pacific, the former being the true _Orca capensis_, and the skull now received from the Seychelles Islands being of the same species.

The skull figured in the ‘Zoology of the Erebus and Terror’ under the name of _O. capensis_ is from a specimen received from the Zoological Society, to which it was presented by Capt. Delville, who said he obtained it in the North Pacific (?). It is quite a different species, for which I propose the name of _Orca pacifica_. I doubt its being from the _North_ Pacific, as I believe there is a skull of the same species in the Paris Museum, collected by M. Eydoux, and said to have come from Chili.

3. Orca africana.

Orca gladiator, var. australis, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
47. f. 2.

Inhab. Algoa Bay.

Skull much smaller, 24 inches long.

4. Orca latirostris.

B.M.

Orca latirostris, _Gray_, _P. Z. S._ 1870, p. 76.

Orca gladiator, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 48. f. 2, 3.

Delphinus orca, _Cuv._ _Oss. Foss._ v. tab. 22. fig. 4 (skull).

The skull very similar to that of the Cape species, but much smaller; but the beak is rather narrower, the intermaxillaries moderately broad, slightly dilated in front.

Inhab. North Sea.

An adult skull from the coast of Essex (361 _a_), and another without the lower jaw, are in the British Museum.

These skulls of the smaller British, or, rather, European _Orca_ are distinguishable from those of _O. gladiator_ by the smaller size and the broader, rounder nose—and from the skulls of the Cape-of-Good-Hope species by being of a much smaller species, and having a depressed crown of the head.

I believe the skull figured under the name of _Delphinus orca_ by Cuvier, Oss. Foss. vol. v. tab. 22. figs. 3, 4, represents this species, from the form of the beak and the narrowness of the occiput: this figure has been copied by various British and other authors.

1. Orca gladiator, var. arcticus (O. Eschrichtii), _Gervais_,
_Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 47. fig. 3.

Inhab. Faroe Islands.

2. Orca gladiator, var. europæus, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
47. f. 4.

Orca gladiator, _Gervais_, _l. c._ t. 48. f. 1.

Inhab. the Atlantic.

Skull about 40 inches long.

3. Orca gladiator, var. europæus, _Van Beneden & Gervais_,
_Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 47. f. 5.

Delphinus orca, _Gervais_, _Zool. et Paléont. Française_, t.
37. f. 3, 4.

Inhab. Mediterranean, Cette.

Skull about 22 inches long. It is about the same size as the _Orca_ from Algoa Bay; but the brain-cavity is rather broader and the beak is not so acute in front.

Gervais, in the ‘Zoology and Paleontology of France,’ figures the skull of a young _Delphinus orca_, taken on the coast of Cette, which is now in the Museum of Paris. It appears to belong to this species; or it may be that the _Orca_ of the Mediterranean does not grow to the usual size; or, again, it may be of a different species; for the skull is only fifty-eight centimetres long and thirty broad.

5. Orca magellanica.

Orca magellanica, _Burmeister_, _Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist._ ser.
3. xviii. p. 101, t. 9. f. 5; _An. Mus. Publ. de Buenos Ayres_,
i. p. 373, tab. 22; _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 8; _P.
Z. S._ 1870, p. 76.

Inhab. Patagonia. Mus. Buenos Ayres.

This species, according to the figure, is very like _Orca latirostris_.

6. Orca tasmanica.

Orca gladiator, var. australis, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
47. fig. 1.

Inhab. Tasmania. Skull about 32 inches long.

7. Orca rectipinna.

Orca rectipinna, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._ 1869,
p. 12.

No white spot behind eye.

Inhab. California.

8. Orca atra.

Orca ater, _Cope_, _l. c._ 1869, p. 12.

Black above and below, with white spot behind eye.

Inhab. Oregon, Aleutian Islands.

The following are the measurements of the different skulls of the genus in the collection of the British Museum; they were carefully taken with calipers by Mr. Edward Gerrard.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| _O. intermedia._|
| _O. pacifica._| |
| _O. latirostris._| | |
| _O. capensis._| | | |
| _O. stenorhyncha._| | | | |
+---------------------+---------------+---------+-------+-------+-------+
| | 361 | 361 | 1065 | 361 | 1065 | 362 |
| | _b_. | _c_. |_b_, _c_.| _a_. | _a_. | _a_. |
| |in. |in. | in. |in. |in. |in. |
| | lin.| lin.| lin.| lin.| lin.| lin.|
|Length from end of | | | | | | |
| nasal to centre of | | | | | | |
| occipital condyle | 35 0 | 37 0 | 39 0 | 33 0 | 36 6 | 14 0 |
|Length | | | | | | |
| of nose | 17 6 | 18 6 | 22 6 | 17 0 | 18 0 | 7 0 |
| of tooth-line | 13 6 | 14 0 | 16 0 | 13 0 | 14 6 | 4 9 |
| of lower jaw | 27 6 | 30 0 | 31 0 | 26 0 | 29 6 | 11 3 |
|Breadth | | | | | | |
| at the notch | 10 6 | 11 0 | 12 0 | 10 0 | 12 6 | 4 9 |
| at the orbit | 18 0 | 19 6 | 20 0 | 18 0 | 21 0 | 8 6 |
| at temple above | 18 0 | 19 6 | 20 0 | 18 0 | 20 0 | 9 0 |
| at middle of beak | 9 0 | 10 0 | 11 0 | 9 6 | 10 0 | 3 6 |
| at intermaxillaries| 3 3 | 3 3 | 4 6 | 3 3 | 3 6 | 0 9 |
+---------------------+-------+-------+---------+-------+-------+-------+

2. OPHYSIA.

Ophysia, _Gray_, _P. Z. S._ 1870, p. 76; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 8.

Skull:—beak from the notch before the orbit the same length as from the notch to the condyle; width at the notch two-thirds the entire length of the beak. Intermaxillaries very narrow, slightly dilated in front; brain-cavity broad; occiput deeply concave. Lower jaw very broad on the sides, very thick and solid in front.

1. Ophysia pacifica.

B.M.

Ophysia pacifica, _Gray_, _P. Z. S._ 1870, p. 76.

Delphinus globiceps, _Grant_, _P. Z. S._ 1833, p. 65.

Delphinus orca, _Eydoux_, _Mus. Paris_.

Orca capensis, _Gray_, _Zool. Ereb. & Terr._ p. 34, tab. 9, not
_Cat. Seals & Whales_, p. 283; _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t.
48. fig. 1.

Orca (Ophysia) capensis, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p.
8, tab. 9 (skull).

Inhab. North Pacific (_Capt. Delville, R.N._).

Skull, from the Zoological Society’s collection.

Family 14. BELUGIDÆ.

Beluginæ, _Flower_, _Trans. Zool. Soc._ vi. p. 115.

Head rounded in front. Teeth in both jaws more or less early deciduous, rarely wanting or, rather, not developed. Back without any dorsal fin. Pectoral fin small, ovate. Skull with the lateral expansion of the maxilla over the orbit, and the side of the beak, shelving downwards. Fingers short; index and middle fingers nearly the same length, the rest rather shorter; phalanges 2, 5, 6, 4, 3. Cervical vertebræ generally free; the second with a large dorsal process.

“The Narwhal and the _Beluga_ appear to separate themselves from all the rest, by certain well-marked structural conditions, especially the characters of the cervical vertebræ. As these two animals are in almost every part of their skeleton nearly identical, even to the number of the vertebræ and phalanges, I am disposed to look upon the exceptional dentition of the former as an aberration of secondary importance, and to unite the two genera into a distinct subfamily, placing it next to the Platanistidæ.”—_Flower_, _l. c._ p. 114.

1. BELUGA.

Beluga, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ pp. 231, 306, 393; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 9.

Lateral wing of the maxilla over the orbit shelving downward. Teeth conical in both jaws, early deciduous. Male without any spiral horn-like tooth. Fingers short. Metacarpal bones surrounded with cartilage. Bladebone with large coracoid and acromion processes. Second cervical vertebra with a large dorsal process.

Vertebræ 50:—C. 7. D. 10. L. and C. 33.

1. Beluga catodon.

B.M.

Beluga catodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 307, fig. 61; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 9, tab. 29. f. 3 (tongue).

Delphinus canadensis, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ t. 5
(head false, with beak).

Beluga albicans, _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 44. f. 1-5.

Delphinapterus, _Lucas_, _Vidensk. Selsk. Skr._ Række 5, Band
ix. tab. 8 (skull and teeth, showing how they are worn).

Inhab. North Sea, mouths of rivers.

1. Beluga rhinodon, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._
1865, p. 5, 1869, p. 13, fig. 1.

Inhab. Arctic seas.

2. Beluga declivis, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._
1865, p. 5, 1869, p. 14.

Inhab. Arctic seas.

3. Beluga angustata, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._
1869, p. 20, figs. 2 & 3.

Beluga concreta, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad._ 1865,
p. 5.

Inhab. Arctic seas.

These are probably varieties of _B. catodon_, showing that the attachment of the cervical vertebræ, the number of ribs, and the form of the acromion are liable to vary.

4. Beluga canadensis, _Wyman_, _Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist._
1865.

Inhab. Canada.

I believe it to be the same as the former.

2. Beluga Kingii.

Beluga Kingii, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 309; _Synops. Whales
&. Dolph._ p. 9, t. 7.

Inhab. Australia.

2. MONODON.

Monodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 231, 310; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 9.

Monoceros, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 393.

Lateral expansion over the orbit shelving down. Teeth in both jaws very early deciduous. Male with one, rarely two, very long, projecting, spiral tusks in the left side of the upper jaw. Cervical vertebræ:—first free, thin; second and third united by the spinal processes. Bladebone with large coracoid and acromion processes. Fingers short.

Vertebræ 50:—C. 7. D. 11. L. 6. C. 26.

“In the skeleton of two males in the Museum of the College of Surgeons, the bodies of the second and third cervical vertebræ are firmly united.”—_Flower._

1. Monodon monoceros.

B.M.

Monodon monoceros, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 311; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 9; _Gervais_, _Ostéogr. Cét._ t. 44. f. 6-9.

Inhab. North Sea.

Family 15. PONTOPORIADÆ.

Head long-beaked. Beak slender, smooth. Nostrils on the nape, crescent-shaped. Teeth in both jaws permanent, conical, with a swollen ring round the base. Dorsal fin short, trigonal. Pectoral fin short, truncated. Fingers 5, nearly equal; the thumb very short, of one joint; the index finger the longest, the rest gradually shorter to the little finger. Bladebone broad, with two ridges. Skull long-beaked, the beak compressed. Lower jaws united together nearly to the base. Cartilages of ribs ossified.

Vertebræ 42:—C. 7. D. 10. L. 7. C. 18.

1. PONTOPORIA.

Pontoporia, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ pp. 230, 231 & 393; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 5; _Flower_, _Trans. Zool. Soc._ vi. p. 87;
_Burmeister_, _An. Mus. P. Buenos Ayres_, p. 389.

Stenodelphis, _Gervais_, 1847.

Beak of the skull high, compressed. Symphysis of the lower jaw very long.

1. Pontoporia Blainvillii.

B.M.

Pontoporia Blainvillii, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 231; _Synops. Whales
& Dolph._ p. 5, t. 29 (skull); _Flower_, _Trans. Zool. Soc._
vi. p. 106, t. 28 (skull); _Burmeister_, _An. Mus. P. Buenos
Ayres_, i. p. 387, tab. 23 (animal), tab. 25 & 26 (skeleton).

Inhab. South Atlantic, Monte Video.

The animal figured by Gervais as _Delphinus (Stenodelphis) Blainvillii_ (Voy. Amér. Mérid. t. 23) differs from Burmeister’s figure in having an elongated subfalcate pectoral fin, and a higher dorsal, and a broad white streak, commencing from the blower and extending down the back to near the tail. If this is not a figure of the animal seen at sea, which I suspect it must be, it must be a different species.

Suborder VI. ZIPHIOIDEA.

Ziphiidæ, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 326.

Ziphioidea, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 9.

Head beaked. Nostrils two, united into a single transverse or crescent-like blower on the centre of the back of the crown. Teeth only in the front or sides of the lower jaw, fitting into pits in the upper one. Dorsal fin falcate. Pectoral fin ovate, small, low down on the side of the body: fingers short, 4- or 5-jointed; second and third the longest; fourth rather shorter; first and fifth rather short. Cervical vertebræ more or less united into one mass.

Family 16. HYPEROODONTIDÆ.

Hyperoodontina, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 327.

Hyperoodontidæ, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 9.

Blower lunate. Beak of the skull with a high crest on each side above, formed by the elevation of the maxillary bones in front of the blower. Teeth 2 or 4, in front of the lower jaw, conical. Cervical vertebræ united into one mass.

1. HYPEROODON.

Hyperoodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 328; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 9.

Beak of the skull bent downwards: crest of the back of the beak sharp-edged, above as high as the occiput.

Vertebræ 44 or 45:—C. 7 (all united into one solid mass). D. 9. L. 10. C. 18 or 19.

1. Hyperoodon butzkopf.

B.M.

Hyperoodon butzkopf, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 330; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 9, t. 3.

Hyperoodon rostratum, _Reinhardt_, _in Eschricht’s Vid. Selsk._
v. t. 7 (male fœtus and skeleton); _Gray_, _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ t. 3. f. 1-4.

Inhab. North Sea.

1. Hyperoodon semijunctus, _Cope_, _Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad._ 1865, p. 15 (280), 1869, p. 21.

Inhab. Charlestown Harbour.

Most likely a variety of _H. butzkopf_.

2. LAGENOCETUS.

Lagenocetus, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 336; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 9.

Beak of the skull straight, erect, very large, flattened, higher than the occiput.

1. Lagenocetus latifrons.

B.M.

Lagenocetus latifrons, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 339; _Synops. Whales
& Dolph._ p. 9.

Hyperoodon latifrons, _Gray_, _Zool. Ereb. & Ter._ t. 24;
_Reinhardt_, _in Eschricht’s Vidensk. Selsk. Skr._ v. t. 6
(skull).

Inhab. North Sea.

“Plate 6 represents the skull of a male of _Hyperoodon latifrons_ (Gray), from the Färöer, of which the complete skeleton, 25 feet long, is preserved in the University’s Museum.

“Eschricht believed, as is known, that _H. latifrons_ was established on a very old male of the common Dögling, _Hyperoodon rostratus_; but Gray’s species must now be regarded as well grounded.

“Plate 7 represents the male (fœtus) of the common _H. rostratus_. All figures of half the natural size.”—_Reinhardt._

Family 17. EPIODONTIDÆ.

Epiodontina, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 327.

Epiodontidæ, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 9.

Blower lunate. Skull:—beak simple; maxillaries not dilated above; intermaxillaries enlarged behind, forming a more or less deep cavity round the nostrils. Teeth 2 or 4 in front of the lower jaw, conical or cylindrical. Cervical vertebræ:—first, second, and third united into one mass, which is produced and truncated above; the rest thin, free.

1. EPIODON.

Epiodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 340; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 10.

Skull:—vomer simple, small; intermaxillaries elevated, and forming a moderately deep, well-marked basin round the nostrils. Fingers 5; carpal bones 6; phalanges 2, 3, 4, 3, 3. Sternal bones separate from the front, lanceolate. Vertebra 42; the “front caudal with chevron bones. First four cervical vertebræ united by their bodies into one mass” (Ostéog. Cét. t. 22. f. 4).

1. Epiodon Desmarestii.

Epiodon Desmarestii, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 341; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 10.

Ziphius aresques, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cétac._ t. 21. f. 1-4.

Ziphius decavirostris (de Z. aresques), _Gervais_, _Ostéog.
Cét._ t. 22. f. 4-11.

Ziphius cavirostris, _Gervais_, _Zool. et Paléon. Française_,
t. 38. f. 1, t. 39, f. 2-7.

Inhab. North Sea and Mediterranean, Hérault.

2. Epiodon australis.

Ziphiorrhynchus cryptodon, _Burmeister_, _Ann. & Mag. N. H._
1866. xvii. p. 94, t. 3.

Epiodon cryptodon, _Burm._, _l. c._ p. 303, t. 6; _Gray_,
_Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 10.

Delphinorhynchus australis, _Burmeister_, _Zeitsch. Nat._ vol.
xxvi. 1865, p. 262; _An. Mus. Buenos Ayres_, t. 15-21.

Ziphius de Buenos Ayres, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 31. f. 5.

Inhab. Buenos Ayres.

Vertebræ 49: cervical 7, dorsal 10, lumbar 12, caudal 20.

2. PETRORHYNCHUS.

Petrorhynchus, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ pp. 327, 342; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 10.

Skull trigonal. Vomer swollen, forming a large, elongated tubercle between the callous intermaxillaries. Intermaxillaries forming a deep basin round the nostrils.

1. Petrorhynchus mediterraneus.

Ziphius cavirostris, _Gervais_, _Zool. et Paléon. Franç._ t.
38. f. 2, t. 39. f. 1.

Ziphius du Canton Gironde, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 21. fig. 6.

Ziphius fos. des Bouches du Rhône, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 21. f. 7.

Ziphius de Corse, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 21. figs. 8, 9.

Inhab. Mediterranean.

2. Petrorhynchus capensis.

B.M.

Petrorhynchus capensis, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 346, figs. 67, 68;
_Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 10.

Ziphius indicus, _Van Beneden_; _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 346,
fig. 69.

Ziphius du Cap-de-Bonne-Espérance, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t.
21. f. 10.

Ziphius de la mer des Indes, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 21.
f. 11-13.

Inhab. South Sea. Cape sea (_H. Layard_).

Though M. van Beneden’s figure (copied in Cat. Seals & Whales, p. 347. f. 69) is so unlike the figure of _Petrorhynchus capensis_ in the Cat. Seals & Whales, pp. 344 & 345. figs. 67 & 68, yet the cast of the beak of M. van Beneden’s specimen resembles the latter figure and our specimen.

Family 18. ZIPHIIDÆ.

Ziphiina, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ pp. 327, 348.

Ziphiidæ, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 10.

Skull beaked. Maxillaries not dilated above. Intermaxillaries linear, rather swollen on the sides of the nostrils. Teeth on the sides of the lower jaw compressed. Cervical vertebræ more or less united into a consolidated mass.

* _Symphysis of the lower jaw produced behind the teeth._

1. BERARDIUS.

Berardius, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 348; _Synops. Whales. &
Dolph._ p. 10.

Teeth 2·2, in the front of the sides of the lower jaw, conical, compressed. Lower jaw gradually tapering in front. Symphysis moderately long, as far from the hinder tooth as from the tip.

1. Berardius arnuxi.

Berardius arnuxi, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 348, fig. 70; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 10; _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 23 (skull).

Inhab. New Zealand.

“Skull and lower jaw, a cervical vertebra, scapula, hyoid, paddles, and pelvic bones of one individual.

“Single tooth of another individual, weight 206 grains.

in.
“Length of head 23½
Length of nose 17
Length of dental groove 7
Length of lower jaw 19
Width at notch 5½
Width at orbits 9½
Width of intermaxillary at blow-holes 4½
Width of nose 2
Height of occiput 9½

“One small tooth imbedded close to the tip of lower jaw on left side, 1 inch high, weight 38⅘ grains, irregular triangular shape.

“This is the skull of a young animal. A groove containing a strong ligament connecting the muscle of the forehead with the snout is deeply imbedded in the intermaxillary groove. The snout is described as long and flexible. Atlas and axis anchylosed. Length of cervical vertebræ 3⁷⁄₁₀ inches. Scapula, longitudinal diameter 10 inches, transverse diameter 6 inches. Paddles, length 14 inches, width 3½ inches. Hyoid arch 5½ × 4 inches high. Pelvic bones 2½ inches.

“The specimen was cast on the beach on the west coast, and prepared by Dr. Knox.”—_Hector._

“Your _Berardius_ proves to be quite different from the first one we got, both in the dentition and form of the skull. We have had several good papers on it from Dr. Knox. He has made a beautiful preparation, showing that the tooth does not pass through the gum.”—_Dr. Hector_, letter dated 30th October, 1870.

“A fine specimen of _Berardius arnuxi_ has been cast ashore on the coast of Canterbury, New Zealand. It was made into a skeleton, which is now in the museum at Canterbury. The skeleton is complete, only wanting one of the pelvic bones. It was 30 feet long, and a young animal; not a single epiphysis is anchylosed. The cervical vertebræ, which, in the old animal evidently form a compact mass, are still partly free; the first three vertebræ (including the atlas) anchylosed, and of these the first two completely, and of the second and third the neural arches are as yet not completely united into one bone. It has ten ribs.”—_Julius Haast._

The animal was 30 feet 6 inches long.

Deep velvet-black, belly greyish, tail with two falcate lobes 6½ feet broad. The pectoral fins are little above the middle of the body, 17 inches broad and 19 inches long, of a triangular form. Dorsal fin small, falcate, not very far from the chin (?). “The animal has the power of protruding the four teeth at will.” They live on cephalopods. The stomach contained about a half-bushel of the horny beaks of the _Octopus_, which were nearly all the same size. It was evidently a young animal, as all the disk-like epiphyses of the vertebræ are still separate, as was the case with the limb-bones.

The seven cervical vertebræ were beginning to coalesce; the first three are already anchylosed, the first two completely, and the second and third only partially, as the neural arches and transverse processes are not yet united in one bone. It has ten dorsal vertebræ; the lumbar and caudal vertebræ were not observed. (Dr. Haast, Annals & Mag. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1870.)

** _Symphysis of the lower jaw to or nearly to the teeth._

2. ZIPHIUS.

Ziphius, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 348; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 10.

Micropteron, _Flower_, _l. c._ p. 328.

Teeth 2, in the middle of the sides of the lower jaw. Teeth of the male large, short, compressed, truncated at the end; of female small, curved. Lower jaw often with sundry rudimentary teeth, gradually tapering in front; symphysis elongate, and reaching to the middle of the teeth in the male, and beyond it in the female. Cervical vertebræ free. Scapula with large coracoid and acromion processes.

Vertebræ 46:—C. 7. D. 10. L. 10. C. 19.

“_Micropteron_: cervical vertebræ all united in one solid mass.”—_Flower_, _l. c._ p. 328.

1. Ziphius Sowerbiensis.

B.M.

Ziphius Sowerbiensis, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 350, fig. 71; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 10, tab. 5. f. 3, 4 (skull).

Mesoplodon Sowerbiensis, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 22 & 23
(skull and ear-bone); _Van Beneden_, _Mém. de l’Acad. Brux._
vol. x. t. 3.

Dioplodon Sowerbiensis, _Gervais_, _Zool. et Paléont.
Française_, t. 30. f. 1.

Inhab. British Channel. Irish Sea.

3. DOLICHODON.

Dolichodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 353; _Synops. Whales & Dolph._
p. 10.

Teeth 2, in the middle of the sides of the lower jaw. Teeth (of male) very long, strap-shaped, produced, arched obliquely, truncated at the end, with a conical process on the front of the terminal edge. Lower jaw weak, very slender in front. Symphysis elongate.

1. Dolichodon Layardii.

B.M.

Ziphius Layardii, _Gray_, _l. c._ p. 353, fig. 72.

Dolichodon Layardii, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ p. 10.

Inhab. Cape of Good Hope (_H. Layard_).

4. NEOZIPHIUS.

Teeth 2, in the front of the lower jaw, with a compressed, short, triangular crown. Lower jaw strong, rather narrow in the middle, and suddenly tapering in front of the tooth. Symphysis to the back edge of the teeth.

1. Neoziphius europæus.

Dioplodon europæus, _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 24 (skull).

Inhab. Mediterranean.

5. DIOPLODON.

Dioplodon, _Gray_, _l. c._ pp. 327, 355; _Synops. Whales &
Dolph._ p. 10.

Teeth 2 or 4, conical, in the middle of the sides of the lower jaw. Lower jaw broad behind, suddenly contracted in front. Symphysis moderate, not reaching halfway to the teeth.

1. Dioplodon sechellensis.

Ziphius sechellensis, _Gray_, _Synops. Whales & Dolph._ t. 6.
f. 1, 2 (skull).

Dioplodon sechellensis, _Gray_, _Cat. S. & W._ p. 355; _Synops.
Whales & Dolph._ p. 10, t. 5. f. 4; _Ann. & Mag. N. H._ 1870,
vi. p. 343, fig. (skeleton); _Gervais_, _Ostéog. Cét._ t. 25
(skull).

Dioplodon densirostris, _Gervais_, _Zool. Paléont. Franç._ t.
43. f. 3-6.

_Dioplodon sechellensis._]

Inhab. Seychelles. Mus. Paris. Lord Howe’s Island (_Krefft_).

The form of the lower jaw gives a very peculiar appearance to the skeleton. The cervical vertebræ are united together by their bodies and large dorsal spines, the latter forming a thick conical process. The bodies of the dorsal vertebræ are very small, enlarging in size towards the tail; they are thirty-six in number. The four terminal caudal ones are very small, forming a kind of cylindrical process. There are eight chevron bones. The thoracic cavity is small. There are twelve ribs on each side. The dorsal processes of the first eighteen vertebræ have an anterior basal process, which becomes gradually smaller.

Upper arm-bone very slender, slightly curved; the lower arm-bones moderate, straight, parallel to each other, and rather longer than the upper arm-bone. The ribs very broad at the upper end, and gradually tapering towards the chest, where they are nearly cylindrical.

“The total length of the skeleton, without cartilage, is 14 feet 8 inches; the head measures 2 feet 5½ inches in length, and the lower jaw 2 feet 3 inches in length. The first three cervical vertebræ are anchylosed; the next one is more or less free; and the remaining three are anchylosed again. The dorsals are ten in number, the last bearing a short rib 8 inches in length. Five of these ribs are jointed direct to the sternum; the following two meet the cartilage of the fifth rib.

“The sternum is composed of four pieces, 20 inches long, with a width of between 5 and 7 inches. It is not yet sufficiently cleaned to enable me to have it photographed; this, however, will be done as soon as possible, and copies forwarded to the Society. The lumbars number twenty, the last nine having V-bones attached. The fifth lumbar is 17½ inches high, 4 inches wide at the top, and 11¾ inches at the base, including the side processes. The eleventh lumbar is the widest, being 4¾ inches at the top. The caudals probably amounted to 13; but five of these are missing; the basal one is very small, about the size of a pea; and as it was firmly attached to the second last, there can be no mistake about it.

“The head is 2 feet 5½ inches long and 14 inches across at the widest part; the lower jaw 2 feet 3 inches long and 6¼ inches high behind the tooth. The left tooth measures 6 inches in length, 3⅜ inches in width, and is 1¾ inch thick [not well represented in the figure]. The space between the teeth measures 7¼ inches. The limbs are very imperfect; all the smaller bones are missing; and there is only a part of one scapula. I did not find the pelvic bones.

“This animal was captured about a year ago, near Lord Howe’s Island.”—_Krefft_, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 426.

THE END.

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