Chapter XVII: Book IV: Chap. I (4)

_The Bagnio’s of_ Arcadius.] They were so called, because they were built by him, as _Procopius_ writes in his 1st _Orat._ concerning the Buildings of _Justinian_. As you sail, says he, out of the _Propontis_, to the Eastern Coast, you see a Publick _Bagnio_, call’d the _Arcadian Bagnio_, which is a great Ornament to the City. In this Place _Justinian_ built a Court, which lies before the City, so near to the Sea, that they who walk upon the Shore, may hold a Discourse with any of the Ships Crew, as they sail by them. The Account I shall give of the Curiosities of this Court, is as follows. The Court it self is a very beautiful Building, and is fann’d with gentle Breezes. ’Tis paved with delicate Marble, and adorned with stately Pillars, which afford a delectable Prospect, even to a Brightness, which seems to rival a Meridian Sun-shine. There are also many other Curiosities which adorn this Court, some of which are Pieces of most elegant Workmanship, both in Brass and Stone. Thus far _Procopius_. The _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned are probably the same with those which are called the _Xerolophus_, which _Cedrinus_ tells us were built by _Arcadius_. The _Xerolophus_, says he, was built by _Arcadius_, the Pillars of which are all like that Pillar, which _Theodosius_ erected in the _Taurus_. _Socrates_ in his _Seventh_ Book, _Chap._ 1. attests, that this Building stood in the _Forum_ of _Arcadius_. For speaking of one _Sabbatius_ a Heretick, he says, that the People rais’d a Tax to oppose _Sesonnicus_ their Bishop, in a Place of the City which is called Ξηρόλοφος, in the _Forum_ of _Arcadius_. Thus _Socrates_. This was certainly a Building which consisted of several Apartments, which induces me to believe it was the _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned. For _Nicephorus Gregoras_, in his _Seventh Book_, _Chap._ 1. writes, That _Athanasius_, Patriarch of _Constantinople_, resided some Time in the Apartments of the _Xerolophus_. The Word _Xerolophus_, says _Suidas_, signifies a _Dry Unction_, and the Place was called so, because, when any Body was anointed there, they never used to bath, and adds; That this Place was formerly famous for Oracles, and that answers were given to Enquiries there made, from a _Tripos_. There were also in the same Place sixteen private Apartments, with Winding-Stairs. I have seen it in an antient _Greek_ Author, that there were here twelve Buildings with Winding-Stairs, as also the Columns of _Diana_, _Severus_, _Marcianus_, and the Statues of _Valentinian_, and _Theodosius_ the _Less_. _Justinian_ also quotes an Inscription there, taken out of the _Fifth Book_ of _Xenophon_’s _Anabasis_. _Zonaras_ also writes, that when _Leo Isaurus_ was Emperor of _Constantinople_, the Statue of _Arcadius_, placed upon a Pillar in the _Xerolophus_, was thrown down by an Earthquake. The _Bagnio’s_ here mentioned were called Publick, or Imperial _Bagnio’s_; whereas those which were built by private Persons were called _Thermæ_, or _Baths_.

_A Hundred and eighteen Houses._] I take the Word _Houses_ in this Place, to signifie the Dwelling Houses of some of the principal Men of the City, as the Great Mens Houses at _Rome_ were distinguished by standing by themselves, and having no other Houses adjoining to them.

_Two_ Portico’s _of a great Length_.] These _Portico’s_, as at present, were not joined to Houses, so as to seem a Part of them, but were built separate from them, contrived for the Pleasure of Walking, and refreshing the Mind. Hence it is, that _Strabo_, _Lib._ V. _de Geogra._ where he is describing the Parts of _Rome_, calls the _Portico_ of _Livia_ the περίπατον, or Walk. _Pliny_ is of the same Opinion in his _Fourth Book_, _Chap._ 1. _Strabo_ tells us in another Place, that the _Cumani_ of _Æolis_ borrowed Money to build a _Portico_, and that when they failed, as to the Time of Payment, the Person, who gave them Credit, laid them under a Prohibition not to walk in it, but only when it rained; and when the Cryer called aloud to them to enter the _Portico_, it passed into a Proverb, _That the Cumani_ dared not to enter their _Portico_ without the Leave of the Cryer. These are the same Kind of _Portico’s_ which _Ulpian_ means, where he mentions the _Portico’s_, which had no Houses adjoining to them. _Tacitus_, _Lib._ XV. speaking of the Burning of _Rome_ by _Nero_, takes Notice of these Ambulatory _Portico’s_, when he tells us, that the _Portico’s_ which were dedicated to Pleasure, were most of them destroyed by Fire. There was a _Portico_ of this Sort at _Athens_, Part of which, as _Pliny_ records, _Lib._ XXXV. _Cap._ 3. was painted by _Myco_, who was paid for it; and the other Part was finished _gratis_ by _Polygnotus_, an eminent Painter. It was for this Reason, that ’twas call’d _Porticus varia_, or ποικίλη. This is the same _Portico_ in which _Zeno_ taught, and for which he was called the Father of the _Stoicks_. _Suidas_ says, that it was customary to adorn such _Portico’s_ with Silver and Marble Statues, as appears by a Will mentioned by _Marcellus_, which runs thus, _My Will and Pleasure is, that my Heir, at his own Expence, build in my native Countrey a Publick_ Portico, _in which, I desire my Silver and Marble Statues may be reposited_. I believe my Author understands in this Clause of the Will, the same Kind of _Portico’s_ with those I now comment upon, which were of so considerable a Length, that they reached from the Imperial Palace, to the _Forum_ of _Constantine_. For _Procopius_ writes, in his _First Orat. de Ædif. Justin._ That in the Reign of _Justinian_, the Church of St. _Sophia_, and both the long _Portico’s_, stretching themselves as far as the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, were burnt down. The same Fact is testified by _Cedrinus_, who says, that both these _Portico’s_ were consumed by Fire, in the Reign of _Basiliscus_, altho’ after these Casualities, they were always rebuilt. I would observe, that every _Ward_ at _Constantinople_ had in it some _Portico’s_, though some _Wards_ at Rome had none.

_Four Gradus._] The Word, which is here called _Gradus_, signifies a Tribunal, which was ascended by Marble Steps, to receive the Bread which was to be distributed among the common People, and which, was therefore called, _Panis Gradilis_. _Valentinian_ tells us, that the carrying the _Panis Gradilis_ from one Tribunal to another, is strictly forbidden. He also commands in _Cod. Theod._ that every one receive the _Panis Gradilis_ from the Tribunal. From which Passages it is plain, that this _Gradus_ was a famous Tribunal, from whence they used to distribute Bread. For _Constantine_, as _Metaphrastes_ writes, bestowed every Day upon the Poor, eighty Thousand Loaves. _Socrates_, _Lib._ II. _Cap._ 13. says expressly, that he gave Daily eighty Thousand Bushels of Corn to the Poor; besides, as _Suidas_ adds, Wine, and Flesh, and Oil. These were therefore _Gradus_, or Tribunals, erected in this _Ward_ for that Purpose.

_It was governed by one_ Curator, _who had under his Charge the whole_ Ward.] The _Curators_ (who seem something like our Aldermen) were first instituted by _Augustus_, and by _Suetonius_, _Cap._ XXX. are called _Magistratus_. He divided, says he, meaning _Augustus_, the City into Streets and _Wards_, and commanded that the _Wards_ should be governed by a Magistrate, chosen by Lot yearly, and that the Streets should be governed by a Master elected out of the common People. Afterwards, in the Room of these, _Alexander Augustus_ appointed fourteen _Curators_. _Lampridius_ tells us, that _Rome_ chose fourteen _Curators_, out of the most eminent Citizens, and obliged them to assist the _Prefect_ of the City, so that all, or most of them attended, when any Thing was transacted for the good of the Publick. It was a principal Part of their Business to decide Causes, and to take Care of Orphans, and the Poor.

_There was also one_ Vernaculus _who was Messenger of the_ Ward, _he assisted the_ Curator, _and was entirely at his Command_.] The Business of this Officer was to be subservient to the _Curator_, and give Notice to, and summon the Citizens to meet in all Matters, which more immediately related to the _Ward_. Their Office was the same, mentioned by _S. Rufus_, and _P. Victor_, who give them at _Old Rome_, the Name of _Denunciatores_. Two of which were appointed to assist in every _Ward_.

_It had also twenty five_ Collegiati, _chosen out of the several Bodies of Tradesmen, whose Business it was, to direct and assist in Cases of Fire_.] At _Rome_ the _Præfectus Vigilum_ commanded in Chief the seven Companies of Freemen appointed for a constant Watch to the City. This Office was instituted by _Augustus_, who placed a single Company over two _Wards_, as is observed by _Suetonius_, and _Dion._ _Lib._ LV. and by _Paullus_, _Lib. de Offi. præ. Vigil._ These Men were chosen out of the several Bodies of the Tradesmen, whose Business was the same with those at _Rome_; and were called _Collegiati._ The Number of them was always stated, and unalterable so that when one of them died, the _Prefect_ of the City filled up the Vacancy with one of his own Body. _Honorius_ and _Theodosius_, in their _Letters Mandatory_ to _Æstius Prefect_ of the City, will and command, _That the Number of five hundred sixty three be the standing Number of them, and that no Person presume by any Authority whatsoever, to alter that Number; so that it shall be lawful to you only, in the Presence of the Body Corporate, when any Person is deceased, or otherways removed, to elect, and nominate one to succeed him out of the same Body Corporate of which he was a Member_: These _Collegiati_ are chosen out of thirty five Corporations of Tradesmen, which are particularly specified in a Letter sent by _Constantine_ to _Maximus_, and are discharged upon their Election from all other Offices whatsoever. In this first _Ward_, there were only twenty five of them, in others more or less, who made up the Number a Hundred and sixty, or a Hundred and sixty three. To complete the Number of which, as appears from the first Book of _Zeno de Collegiat._ Thirty seven or forty, are wanting in the last _Ward_. The Word _Collegiati_, in other Places, sometimes signifies the _Deacons_ who buried the Dead; and sometimes it is taken for _Freemen_, as in _Lib._ XLI. _Co. Theod. de Op. Pub._

_There were also five_ Vico-Magistri, _whose Business it was to watch the City by Night_.] These were originally instituted by _Augustus_. _Suetonius_, in the Life of _Augustus_, _Chap._ XXX. writes, that the City was divided into Streets and _Wards_, and adds, that _Augustus_ commanded, that the Magistrates of the _Wards_ should be annually chosen by Lot. The Streets were governed by the _Vico-Magistri_, who were elected out of the Commons, in the Neighbourhood of the Streets, over which they presided; so that as those who governed the _Wards_ were called _Curatores_, so they who governed the Streets were called _Vico-Magistri_. ’Tis very probable, that these Magistrates had some Soldiers under their Command to prevent Robberies, and other Outrages committed in the Night, as _Old Rome_ had its _Vigils_, or Watchmen, who were all Soldiers. There were two, three, or four _Vico-Magistri_ appointed over every Street at _Rome_: At _Constantinople_ every _Ward_ had but five, so that the whole Number of them is Seventy; although my Author in his _Summary View of the City_, which follows hereafter, reckons no more than sixty five.

The Second _Ward_.

_The second_ Ward, _after an easy, and almost imperceptible Ascent above its Level from the lesser Theatre, falls with a deep Precipice down to the Sea. This_ Ward _contains in it, the Great Church of St._ Sophia; _the Old Church; the Senate-House; a Tribunal with_ Porphyry _Steps; the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Zeuxippus; _a Theatre; an Amphitheatre; thirty four Streets; ninety eight large Houses; four great_ Portico’s; _thirteen private Baths; four private Mills, and four_ Gradus. _It has also one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty five_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The great Church of St._ Sophia.] This Church, some say, was built by _Constantine_, others by _Constantius_. It was afterwards burnt down, and rebuilt by _Justinian_, and was then look’d upon as the finest and most beautiful Church in the whole World. _Periander_, and others, whose Works are still extant, have described at large the Delicacy and Magnificence of this wonderful Piece of Architecture. _Evagrius_ writes, that this Church measured in Length a Hundred and ninety Foot, in Breadth a Hundred and fifteen; and that from the Pavement to the Top of the _Cupola_, it was an Hundred and eighty Foot high.

_The Old Church._] I suppose the Author here means one of those Churches which were built by _Constantine_, some of which are mentioned by _Procopius_, in _Lib. de Ædif. Justinian._

_The Senate-House._] In this Place they held their Senate, which, as _Sozomen_ affirms, was built by _Constantine_ the _Great_, where he commanded the same yearly Solemnity to be celebrated on the _Calends_ of _Jan._ as was done at _Rome_. It was burnt down, upon a Sedition occasioned by an Attempt to banish St. _Chrysostom_ out of the City, and was rebuilt, as _Procopius_ tells us, with greater Splendor.

_A Tribunal with_ Porphyry _Steps_.] This Tribunal was made of _Porphyry_ Marble, which Word in _Latin_, signifies _Purple_, because _Porphyry_ Marble is of a _Purple_ Colour.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Zeuxippus.] These _Bagnio’s_ were famous for a _Portico_, which run round the Houses and Shops adjoining to them. There was a yearly Revenue assigned for lighting the Lamps of this _Bagnio_, and repairing them. _Theodosius_ in _Lib. de Op. Pub._ writes thus; _Because there are many Houses and Shops adjoining the_ Portico’s _of_ Zeuxippus, _we will and command, that the yearly Income of the said Houses and Shops, without any Pretence or Excuse to the contrary, be paid into our Imperial_ Bagnio, _for purchasing Lights, and for the Repairs of the said_ Bagnio’s. This Passage is part of a Letter which he wrote to _Severinus_, _Prefect_ of the City, (not _Prætor_) as it stands in the _Codex Theodos. de Op. Pub._ These _Bagnio’s_ formerly stood near the Imperial Palace, and were afterwards called the _Bagnio’s_ of the _Numeri_, as _Nicephorus_ writes, _Lib._ IX. _Cap._ 9. _Sozomen_ and _Socrates_ take Notice of the same _Bagnio’s_. I believe they were first built by _Zeuxippus_, who persecuted the _Christians_ at _Byzantium_, much about the Time of _Nero_; and who among other of his Severities, forced St. _Andrew_ to fly to _Argyropolis_. If I mistake not, he was at that Time Lieutenant of _Macedonia_ and _Thrace_. These _Bagnio’s_ were enlarged and beautified by _Severus_ the Emperor, for which Reason they were afterwards called the _Bagnio’s_ of _Severus_. After this they were called _Balnea Numerorum_, because great Numbers of Soldiers use to bath there. _Zosimus_, in his second Book writes, that these _Bagnio’s_ formerly stood in a _Peninsula_. In antient Times, says he, _Constantinople_ had a Port at the End of the _Bagnio’s_, which were built by _Severus_ the Emperor, when he was reconciled to the _Byzantians_, for opening the Gates of the City to _Niger_, his Enemy. _Suidas_ says, that a Poet named _Christodorus_, celebrated the Statues and Images of _Zeuxippus_ in Verse, among which he is very particular in the Praises of the Statue of _Hesiod_. _Procopius_, in his First Book, _de Ædif. Justinian._ tells us, that these _Bagnio’s_ were rebuilt by _Justinian_, but were called the _Zeuxippum_, because in this Place they used to run their _Horses in Pairs_, as the Word _Zeuxippus_ signifies in the _Greek_. St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ takes Notice of them in his Oration to the _Arians_, and in another which he made _concerning himself_. I am not, says he, taking a Journey to a new _Jerusalem_, that is to the _Zeuxippum_; for that Place was laid in Ashes in the Reign of _Justinian_. The _Bagnio’s_ of _Severus_, as _Cedrinus_ relates, which were call’d the _Zeuxippum_, were consumed by Fire. In this Place was a very delightful Variety of Prospects. All the ingenious Contrivances of Art were here expressed in Marble and Stone, and the most elaborate Workmanship of Antiquity. In short, the Designs here were so matchless and inimitable, that they seemed to want nothing but a Soul to animate, and inform them. Among other surprizing Pieces of antient Skill, was the Statue of old _Homer_. The Figure was finished very naturally, and in his Looks might be observed a great Thoughtfulness, with a Mixture of much Uneasiness and Trouble. This Place was also beautified with brazen Pillars, which had been here set up in Honour of those great Personages, who had been renowned for their Learning or Virtue, through the whole World.

_An Amphitheatre._] This stands near the Sea Shore. You must pass by it, as you go to the Imperial Palace, and the Port of _Julian_, between which Places there were formerly Lime Kilns, which were commanded to be filled up by _Theodosius_ the _Less_, as the Reader may see in _Lib. ult. Cod. Theod._ _We will and command_, says he, _that all Lime-kilns, standing on any Ground, between the Sea Shore, the Amphitheatre, and the Port of St._ Julian, _be entirely demolished, for the Benefit and Health of our most great and magnificent City_, and _by Reason of the Nearness they stand to our Imperial Palace; and we do hereby prohibit all Persons whatsoever for the future, to burn any Lime in those Places_.

The Third _Ward_.

_The third_ Ward, _at the Entrance of it, is a Level Ground, and stands, in Part, where the_ Circus _is built; but descends, at the End of it, with a very great Declivity down to the Sea, and contains, the same_ Circus Maximus; _the House of_ Pulcheria Augusta; _the new Port; a_ Portico _of a Semi-circular Figure, made after the Likeness of the_ Greek _Letter_ Sigma, _which was formerly wrote thus_, C; _the Tribunal of the_ Forum _of_ Constantine; _seven Streets; ninety four great Houses; five large_ Portico’s; _eleven private_ Bagnio’s; _and nine private Mills. It had one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _twenty one_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The House of_ Pulcheria Augusta.] This Lady was the Sister of _Theodosius_ the _Less_, who continued for some Time unmarried. When her Brother was dead, she married _Martian_, and made him Emperor. _Zonaras_, _Cedrinus_, _Zosimus_, _Nicephorus_, and other Historians have mentioned many Things of her. She had also another House in the eleventh _Ward_.

_The New Port._] This probably is the same Port that was built by _Julian_ the Apostate. There was another Port in the sixth _Ward_ called _Portus Neorius_, because there was a Dock there for building Ships.

_A_ Portico _of a Semi-circular Figure_.] The _Greek_ Letter Σ, as ’tis now wrote, was formerly wrote C. _Zonaras_ and _Cedrinus_ often take Notice of this _Portico_.

The Fourth _Ward_.

_The fourth_ Ward _extends itself in a long Vale, the Hills rising on the Right and Left from the_ Miliarium Aureum _through a Vale, to a plain level Ground. It contains, the_ Miliarium Aureum; _the_ Augusteum; _a_ Basilica; _a_ Nympheum; _the_ Portico _of_ Phanio; _a Marble Galley, the Monument of a naval Victory; the Church of St._ Menna; _a_ Stadium; _The Stairs of_ Timasius; _thirty two Streets; three hundred and seventy five great Houses; four large_ Portico’s; _seven private Baths; five private Mills; and seven_ Gradus. _It is presided by one_ Curator, _assisted by one_ Vernaculus, _forty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Miliarium Aureum.] _Cedrinus_, speaking of the _Miliarium Aureum_, writes thus: Under the Roof of the _Miliarium Aureum_ were placed the Statues of _Constantine_ the _Great_, and his Mother, with a Cross between them. Behind him stands _Trajan_, and near his Mother is the Statue of _Ælius Hadrianus_ on Horseback. There is a Clock here, which was set up by _Justinian_. There was also a _Miliarium Aureum_ at _Rome_, erected in the _Forum_ by _Augustus_, from whence they used to adjust the Distances of Places, and the Mensuration of Miles, all the Roads of _Italy_ meeting at the Foot of it, as ’tis observed by _Plutarch_, _Dion_, _P. Victor_, and others. Yet _Æmilius Macer_ is of another Opinion. A Mile, says he, is not to be computed from the _Miliarium_, but from the Houses, upon the Skirts of the City, to the Place to which you measure. As then there was a _Miliarium Aureum_ at _Rome_, so there was at _Constantinople_, which imitated _Old Rome_ as near as it could; tho’ at _Rome_ it was built in the Figure of a Pillar, at _Constantinople_ it was another kind of Building, as is evident from what is above-mentioned by _Cedrinus_; and is also attested by _Suidas_, who writes, that under the Roof of the _Miliarium_, stood the Cross, the Figures of _Constantine_ and _Helena_, the Image of _Fortune_, and many other Statues. He calls it not the _Miliarium_, but the _Milium_.

_The_ Augusteum.] This was a large Pillar of Brass, erected by _Justinian_, as _Cedrinus_ relates, who tells us, that in the fifteenth Year of the Reign of _Justinian_, was finished the great brazen Pillar, which is called the _Augusteum_. Upon it was placed the Statue of _Justinian_ on Horseback, holding in his Right Hand an Apple, in Imitation of a Globe, to signify that the whole World was subject to his Government. He sat with his Right Hand stretched out, pointing to the _Persians_ to stand off, and not to approach his Dominions. All the Coverings of the Passage of Entrance into the Imperial Palace, were made of gilded Brass. This is still called the Brazen Passage, as the Pillar is call’d the _Augusteum_. _Procopius_ speaks largely of it in his Oration _de Ædif. Justin._ where he writes, that not the Pillar, but the Place where the Pillar stood, was called the _Augusteum_, as it was also the _Macellum_. The principal Pillar, says he, is to be admired for its Size, yet is it no regular and uniform Structure, but made of Stones of a vast Compass. The Pedestal and Top of it is covered with the most refined Brass, which by cramping its Stones together, does at the same Time both strengthen and adorn it. The Brass, as to its Lustre, is not much inferior to pure Gold, and at least of equal Worth and Beauty with the finest Silver. At the Top of this Pillar was placed a very large Horse cast in Brass, facing the East, wonderful in his Kind, in a walking Posture, with his Head bending downwards, lifting up his near Fore-Foot, as though he would paw the Ground. His Off-Foot is fixed to the Pedestal, on which he stands; and his Hind-Feet are so closely contracted, as if he was rising upon his Speed. Upon him sits the Statue of the Emperor in Brass, whom they call _Achilles_, because he is somewhat like him. He has no Boots, but his Feet are bound round with a kind of Sandals. He is armed with a radiant Breast-plate and Head-piece, and looks, you would fancy, as if he were marching, in a war-like Posture, against the _Persians_. In his left Hand he bears a Globe, by which ’tis signified, that the Earth and the Sea is subject to his Power. He is not equipped either with Sword nor Spear. There’s a Cross fixed upon the Globe, intimating, that under its auspicious Influence, he arrived to the Imperial Dignity; and that all Success in War is to be attributed to the Omnipotency of the Saviour of Mankind. His Right Hand, which is open, is stretched Eastward, and seems to forbid the barbarous Nations to approach his Territories. Below this Place, stands the _Forum_ called _Augustum_. This _Forum_ stands before the Imperial Palace; ’tis surrounded with Pillars, and the Inhabitants call it _Augustum_. Eastward from hence stands the _Curia_, or _Prætorium_, which was built by _Justinian_, where the old _Romans_, in the Beginning of the new Year used, as _Suidas_ observes, to perform a solemn Festival. _Phavorinus_ relates, that the Flesh-Market was the same with the _Augusteum_. It was so called, says _Suidas_, because the _Curatores_, and _Senastophori_ of the _Wards_, used every Year, on the _Ides_ of _October_, to dance in Honour of _Augustus_, or because the Statues of _Constantine_, and _Helena_ his Mother, were erected there.

_A_ Basilica.] This was one of the most magnificent _Basilica’s_ in the World, which _Cedrinus_ takes Notice of, when he tells us, that a Fire began at the Middle of the _Chalcopratia_, which consumed both the _Portico’s_ before mentioned, all the neighbouring Buildings, and the _Basilica_, which contained a Collection of a Hundred and twenty Thousand Books. There was a Curiosity very particular in this Library, which was the Gut of a Dragon, on which were inscribed in Golden Characters, the _Iliads_ and _Odysses_ of _Homer_, with the _History_ of the Atchievements of other _Heroes_. The Roof of this _Basilica_ was supported with many Ranges of Pillars, as we see at present in some Churches, which are many of them built after the same Manner with the _Basilica’s_. One of these _Basilica’s_ is described by _Virgil_, in his seventh _Æneid_.

_A stately Palace in the City’s Height,
Sublime upon a hundred Pillars stood,
With gloomy Groves, religiously obscure_,
Laurentian Picus’ _Palace; where the Kings,
The first Inauguration of their Sway,
The Sceptres, and the regal_ Fasces _took_.

TRAPP’S Virg.

In these _Basilica’s_ they used to plead, and admit to Audience publick Ambassadors; and, indeed, most of the publick Affairs were transacted here. This I am speaking of was finely gilded, and made of a delicate Marble. _Theodosius_, in his Letters Mandatory to _Cyrus_, _Prefect_ of the City, means this _Basilica_, in the following Words: _We will and command, that the_ Basilica _gilt with Gold, and shining with Marble, be no Ways shaded or darkened with Statues, or Pictures placed before it_. I believe _Zonaras_ understands the same Building in his _Leo Magnus_, where he says, that the Building called the _Domus Maxima_, in which the Senate, and some of the principal Citizens met to deliberate upon publick Affairs, was burnt down; nay, that the Emperor himself came thither in solemn Pomp, when he entered upon his Consular Dignity. It was a Work of surprising Beauty and Splendor. _Justinian_ tells us in his 81st _Novel_, that the inferior Judges used to sit there in small Apartments. _Suidas_ writes, that this _Basilica_ stood behind the _Miliarium_, and that there was placed in it, amidst several others, a golden Statue. Among other Curiosities here, there is an Elephant, cast at the Expence of _Severus_, on the Account of a certain Banker, who killed his Keeper, and gave his Body to be devoured by a wild Beast; which the Elephant seeing, in a Rage slew the Banker. _Severus_, to preserve the Memory of the Fact, ordered the Elephant and his Keeper to be cast in Brass, and both the Figures, in the Consulship of _Julian_, were carried to _Constantinople_, and placed in the _Basilica_.

_A_ Nympheum.] This, as _Zonaras_ and _Cedrinus_ tell us, was a spacious Building, in which they used to celebrate Marriage, when they had not Houses large enough for that Purpose. _Suidas_ mentions, that in the _Forum_ of this _Ward_, there was a Spring continually running, which filled the _Bagnio_ of the _Nympheum_. _Theodosius_, in another Letter to _Cyrus_ above-mentioned, writes thus. _I command you, by Virtue of your prefectorial Authority, to appoint, as you shall judge convenient, what Share of Water be allotted to our Imperial_ Bagnio’s, _and what Quantity may be sufficient for the_ Bagnio’s _of the_ Nympheum.

_The_ Portico _of_ Phanio.] _Suidas_ tells us, that _Phanio_ is a Place where they carried the Filth of the City. This, probably, is the same _Portico_, which the Emperor _Zeno_ tells us, reached from the _Miliarium_, as far as the _Capitol_, and is supported with four Ranges of Pillars, between which he allows, in his _Cod. de Priv. Ædif._ a Privilege to build little Shops.

_A Marble Galley._] This was set up in Memory of a Victory, which _Zosimus_, in his fifth Book tells us, _Trajutus_, Admiral of _Arcadius_’s Fleet, obtain’d over _Gaina_, near _Chersonesus_.

_The Church of St._ Menna.] This Person was an _Egyptian Soldier_, who suffer’d Martyrdom under _Dioclesian_, in _Phrygia_: This Church was built by _Constantine_, who, as _Eusebius_ reports in _his Life, Book_ III. _Chap._ 4. built also other Churches in honour of the _Martyrs_.

_A_ Stadium.] This was a square _Area_, design’d, as _Suidas_ observes, for Martial Exercises. The _Grecians_ generally made them two hundred Foot long, and sometimes more. This _Area_ was surrounded with a _Portico_, and Pillars. The _Grecians_ used them sometimes in Merriment, and Dancing, and sometimes in more manly Diversions, as Wrestling, fighting at Gauntlets, _&c._ The _Portico_, on the South Side of it, was double Wall’d, to secure it from the Violence of the Northern Storms. In the _Stadium_, stood an _Ephebeum_, with Seats all round it, where they held publick Disputations in Philosophy, and where Youth was train’d up in Literature, and Science. In ancient Times, when Books were scarce, they used to improve themselves by Dispute, and Argumentation. On each Side of the _Ephebeum_, there were _Bagnio’s_, in which the Combatants anointed themselves, before they enter’d the Lifts. The _Stadium_ fac’d the Sea, as _Procopius_ observes in his Book _de Ædif Justin._ In a Place, says he, near the Sea, at present call’d the _Stadium_, (a Place formerly appropriated to Games, and Martial Exercises) _Justinian_, and his Consort _Theodora_, built some large Hospitals.

_The Stairs of_ Timasius.] These were three Steps, at the Foot of a Hill, leading down to the Sea, which were built by _Timasius_. ’Tis very probable, that they were made of Marble, and were something remarkable, because my Author takes Notice of them. There was Custom paid at these Stairs, for the Repairs of the City _Aqueduct_; as appears from the _Cod. Theod. Aquæduc._ _We will_, says he, _that all the Customs, which are, or may be collected at the Stairs of this our City of_ Constantinople, _be expended in the Repairs of the common Aque-duct_. I am of Opinion, that this Custom was payable by such Ships as unladed their Freight there. _Justinian_ in his 159ᵗʰ _Novel_ takes notice of a Clause in the Codicil of the Will of _Hierius_, where he bequeaths to his Kinsman _Hierius_ the Suburbs _Coparium_, with all the Stairs thereunto belonging. _Cedrinus_ writes, That in the Reign of _Copronymus_ the Emperor, the Sea was froze by the Severity of the Weather, and that upon a sudden Thaw, a large Cake of Ice bore against, and demolish’d the Stairs of the Imperial Palace at _Constantinople_. _Timasius_, who built these Stairs, was General of the Infantry to _Theodosius_ the _Great_, and was train’d up in the Art of War from the Time of _Valens_ the Emperor. At last being falsely, and injuriously accused by _Eutropius_, the Chamberlain of _Arcadius_, he was banish’d into _Oasis_. _Zosimus_, speaking of him in his _fifth Book_, says, that he was the Father of _Syagrius_, who was entitled _Pater Patriæ_.

The Fifth _Ward_.

_The fifth_ Ward, _a great Part of it is full of Windings, and Turnings, and is lengthen’d by an adjoining Plain. There are many useful Buildings in this_ Ward, _which contains the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Honorius; _the Cistern of_ Theodosius; _the_ Prytaneum; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Eudocia; _the_ Strategium, _in which stands the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius, _and the_ Thebean Obelisk; _the Store-houses for Oil; a_ Nympheum; _the Granaries of_ Troas; _the Granaries of_ Valens, _and_ Constantius: _It contains also the_ Prosphorian _Port; the_ Stairs _of_ Chalcedon; _twenty three Streets; a hundred and eighty four great Houses; seven large_ Portico’s; _eleven private Baths; seven publick, and two private Mills; nine_ Gradus, _and two Flesh-Markets: It had one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _forty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vice-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Cistern of_ Theodosius.] This Cistern was a subterraneous Cavern, arched at top, which was supply’d, not with Spring, but with Rain Water only. _Petrus Gyllius_ in his _Antiquities_ of _Constantinople_, tells us, that when he resided at that City, he discover’d a subterraneous Cistern there; which he shewed to the Proprietors of the Land where it was, who, before, were intirely ignorant of it. It was, says he, 336 Foot in length, 182 Foot broad, and 224 in compass. The Roof of it was supported with Marble Pillars, placed at twelve Foot distance from each other. Every Pillar was near nine Foot high. They stand, lengthways, in twelve Ranges; broad-ways, in twenty eight. In Winter-time, when the _Aque-duct_ pours itself with more Violence into it, it fills up to the Middle of the Capitals of the Columns. It has sometimes Fish in it, which the Master, who overlooks it, skiffing about in a small Boat, kills with a Spear.

_A_ Prytaneum.] There was at _Athens_ a Tower call’d the _Prytaneum_, where their Senators, and wise Men met upon publick Affairs, and where Persons, who deserv’d well of the Commonwealth, were maintain’d at the Publick Charge, as ’tis observ’d by _Cicero_, _Lib. primo de Orat._ In Conformity to _Athens_, there was also at _Constantinople_ a spacious Building, near the Imperial Cistern, where a Person, eminent in Wisdom and Learning, instructed twelve young Men in such Arts and Sciences, as might qualify them to be serviceable to the Publick. _Cedrinus_ in his History of _Leo Isaurus_, writes, that, near the Royal Cistern, there was a venerable Pyle of Building, over which there presided a Master, who had under him, according to ancient Custom, twelve Scholars, of sober Life, and a good Share of Learning. These, when they had run through the whole Compass of human Literature, apply’d themselves very diligently to the Study of Divinity, and were had in so high Estimation, that the Emperors themselves look’d upon it as an Injury to their Character, to transact any thing of Importance, without their Advice. This Institution was afterwards suppress’d by _Leo_. _Zonaras_ is more express, and large upon this Occasion; there was, says he, a House in the _Basilica_, near the _Forum Ærarium_, large enough for a Palace, in which were reported many ancient _Manuscripts_ of Human, and Divine Learning, and where a sufficient Maintenance was allow’d for a Person of distinguish’d Knowledge whom they call’d the _Oecumenical Doctor_. He had under him twelve _Fellows_, who lived at the publick Cost, and instructed such as desired to be their Pupils. The Emperors also, concludes he, consulted them in the most arduous Affairs of State. But _Leo_ the Emperor, when he could not prevail with them to declare themselves the same profess’d Enemies to Images, in Church-worship, with himself, destroy’d them, and their Library, in the Night by Fire. As therefore it was customary in other Nations to maintain at the common Charge Persons who might prove useful to the Publick, so was it here; and therefore, I conceive, that as the _Prytaneum_ at _Constantinople_ took its Name from that of _Athens_, so was it originally instituted for Purposes, much of the same Nature.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Eudocia.] These _Bagnio’s_ were so call’d, because they were built by _Eudocia_ the Wife of _Theodosius_ the _Less_. Before she was converted to the Christian Faith, she was called _Athenais_. _Zonaras_, _Nicephorus_, and others have wrote much concerning her. She had some Houses in the tenth _Ward_; where I shall speak more of her.

_The_ Strategium.] This, I look upon, to be the Place, where the General’s Troops liv’d, and pitch’d their Tents. Here was the _Forum_ of _Theodosius_, and the _Thebean Obelisk_ which was brought from _Thebes_ in _Ægypt_ to _Constantinople_, and there squat’d.

_The Granaries of_ Troas.] These Granaries contain’d the Corn, and other Commodities which were brought from _Troas_; as those Granaries were call’d the Granaries of _Alexandria_, in which the Corn was laid up, that was brought from _Alexandria_. _Troas_ is a Countrey of _Phrygia_, situate near the _Hellespont_, not far from _Constantinople_.

_The Granary of_ Valens.] This was built by _Valens_. It is probably the same Granary, in which was placed the Statue of _Manaim_, who march’d his Army against the _Scythians_. There was kept here a brazen Bushel, which was the common Standard, by which Corn was bought, and sold. _Valens_ commanded that twelve Bushels of Wheat should be sold at the Price of an _Aureus_, (in _English_ Coin 17_s._ 1_d._ _ob. qua._) and commanded a Sailor’s Hand to be cut off, who had eluded the Force of that Law by Tricks, and Evasions, and in Memory of the Fact, order’d a Brazen Hand to be hung up in the Granary.

They had also at _Constantinople_ Store-houses where they reposited their Gold, and Silver, and Jewels. For _Paulus_ a Lawyer informs us, that ’twas customary to lay up in Store-houses the most valuable Part of their Estates. _Lampridius_ also mentions some Store-houses built by _Alexander_, where private Persons, who had no Conveniency in their own Houses, used to lay up their Gold, their Silver, their Jewels, and their Corn, and that the Masters of the Store-houses were obliged to keep them safe at their Peril.

_The_ Prosphorian _Port_.] Here they used to unlade all kinds of Provisions; for the Word προσφορὸν in the _Greek_ signifies any thing that is brought to Market.

_The Stairs of_ Chalcedon.] These were a convenient Descent by Steps, where they went on Board, when they sail’d for _Chalcedon_, which lay over against _Constantinople_.

_Two Flesh-Markets._] All kind of Provisions were sold here.

The Sixth _Ward_.

_The sixth_ Ward, _upon the Entrance of it, is a short Piece of level Ground, all the rest is upon the Descent; for it extends itself from the_ Forum _of_ Constantine _to the Stairs, where you ferry over to_ Sycæna. _It contains the_ Porphyry _Pillar of_ Constantine; _the Senate-house in the same Place; the_ Neorian _Port; the Stairs of_ Sycæna; _twenty two Streets; four hundred and eighty four great Houses; one large_ Portico; _nine private Baths; one publick, and seventeen private Mills; it has also one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus; _forty nine_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The_ Porphyry _Pillar of_ Constantine.] This Pillar stood in the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, which was pav’d with square Stones. _Zonaras_, speaking of _Nicephorus Phocas_ the Emperor, has this Passage: The People curse _Nicephorus_ even to the pav’d _Forum_, in which is erected the round _Porphyry_ Pillar. _Cedrinus_ in his History tells us, that _Constantine_ in the twenty fourth Year of his Reign, built a _Forum_ with two _Rostrums_, or Pleading Desks made in the form of Pulpits, and that he plac’d in the _Forum_, a Pillar which he brought from _Rome_. It was one solid Piece of _Porphyry_ Marble, and was bound with three _Fasciæ_, or Wreaths of Brass round it, with Inscriptions upon them. On the Top of it he erected his own Statue, with this Inscription, _CONSTANTINUS_. It blazed like the Sun, was made by the famous _Phidias_, and was brought from _Athens_. Upon the Pedestal of the Pillar were carved in _Basso Relievo_, the seven and twelve Baskets of Fragments, which were taken up in the Miracles of the _Loaves_ and _Fishes_, and beneath were inscribed the following Verses.

_To thee, O Saviour, Lord of th’ Universe,
Who rulest the unmeasurable Globe
With deepest Knowledge, I this People offer;
May they be thine; I conquer’d them for thee.
I lay m’ Imperial Sceptre at thy Feet,
With all the mighty Force and Pow’r of_ Rome.
_Let thy good Providence with watchful Eye
Look down, and guard the City from all Ills._

_Zonaras_ mentions the same Thing, tho’ in different Words. He placed, says he, meaning _Constantine_, the round _Porphyry_ Pillar which he brought from _Rome_, in the _Forum_, paved with square Stones. For this Reason it was called by the _Greeks_ Πλακότον. At the Top of the Pillar he placed his own Statue in Brass, which for its Largeness, and the Exquisiteness of its Work, was scarce to be matched in the whole World, as being finished to the Life, by an antient and eminent Statuary. It was thought that it was originally designed for _Apollo_, and brought from _Troy_; but _Constantine_ gave it his own Name, making some Alteration by fattening some of those Nails in the Head of it, with which the _Jews_ crucified the _Lord of Life_. This Statue continued standing upon the Pillar till very lately, when in the Reign of _Alexius Comnenus_, it was thrown down by an Earthquake, and crushed some People to Death. _Nicephorus_ in the Fourth Book, _Chap._ 8. of his _Eccles. Hist._ gives a better Description of it. He built, says he, a large _Porphyry_ Pillar, upon which he placed his own Statue, holding in his right Hand a Globe, with a Cross fixed upon it. By this Symbol he intimated, that by Virtue of that invincible Trophy the Cross, the whole Earth and Sea was subject to his Power. _Gyllius_ writes, that this Pillar was made of eight Stones, and that at the Joints of it, it was covered round with Wreathed Laurels made of Brass, so that you could not perceive where it was cemented; but that upon the Removal of the Brass-work, you might easily discern that it was a jointed Structure, and that the Number of the Stones might be plainly seen. This Pillar is eighty six Foot high, besides the _Basis_, the Steps, and the Pedestal.

_The Senate-House, in the same Place._] This Building stood on the North Side of the _Forum_ of _Constantine_. The Senators and principal Men of the City used to assemble here upon publick Affairs, and the Emperor took upon him in this Place the Consular Habit. It was curiously beautified with Brass, and _Porphyry_ Marble. _Zonaras_, and _Cedrinus_ tell us, that in the Reign of _Leo_ the _Great_, it was destroyed by Fire.

_The_ Neorian _Port_.] This was the Haven, or Dock, where they built their shipping, from whence the Gate, which hands near it, is called by some Writers, the Gate of the _Neorium_; but by _Zonaras_, and _Cedrinus_, as will appear in my Notes upon the twelfth _Ward_, it was called _Porta Aurea_, the gilded or beautiful Gate. Some have given it the Name of the Imperial Gate, because it joins to the Palace.

_The Stairs_ of Sycæna.] These are the Stairs upon the Shore, from whence you go off to a neighbouring Island called _Sycæna_ but which at present is called _Pera_. In the Creek here, there are many Thousand small Boats, more in Number than at _Venice_. They are generally called Ferry-boats, because they _carry_ their Fare to and fro’ across the River.

_One large_ Portico.] This _Portico_ reached as far as the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, and was burnt down in a tumultuous Manner, in the Reign of _Justinian_.

The Seventh _Ward_.

_The seventh_ Ward, _if compared with the former, lies more upon the Level, although at the Extremity on one Side of it, it falls with a greater Declivity into the Sea. It stretches its self with very long_ Portico’s, _from the right Hand of the Pillar of_ Constantine, _to the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius; _as it does also on another Side of it as far as the Sea, by_ Portico’s _extended in the same Manner. It contains in it three Churches, that of St._ Irene; _St._ Anastasia, _and St._ Paul; _the Pillar of_ Theodosius, _which you ascend on the Inside by Winding Stairs; two large Equestrian Statues; Part of the_ Forum _of_ Theodosius; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Corosia; _eighty five Streets; seven hundred and eleven great Houses; six large_ Portico’s; _eleven private Baths; twelve private Mills; and sixteen_ Gradus. _It is governed by one_ Curator, _has one_ Vernaculus, _eighty_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The Church of St._ Irene.] This Church stood in a Street of this _Ward_, which was called _Taurus_. It was called the Church of St. _Irene_, _i. e._ of Peace; and which, as _Socrates_ and _Cedrinus_ inform us, was built by _Constantine_ the _Great_, and burnt down in the Reign of _Justinian_.

_The Church of St._ Anastasia.] The Reliques of St. _Anastasia_, in the first Year of _Leo_ the _Great_, were brought from _Syrmium_ to _Constantinople_, and reposited in this Church which was built by the Catholicks, because St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ had there revived the Doctrine of the _Holy Trinity_, or as _Sozomen_ reports, because a Woman big with Child falling from a Gallery over the Church-porch died upon the Spot, and revived by the Prevalency of the Prayers of the Congregation.

But it seems to me more agreeable to Truth, that there were at _Constantinople_ two Churches which went under this Name: One was the Church of the _Novatians_, which was pull’d down by the _Arians_, and which was afterwards rebuilt by them, as _Sozomen_ observes, _Lib._ IV. _Cap._ 19, and was therefore call’d the Church of St. _Anastasia_. The other was so call’d, from the Revival of the Doctrine of the Trinity, just mentioned. The Church here meant was anciently the House of _Nicobulus_, where St. _Gregory Nazianzen_ was hospitably entertained by him, as appears in his Oration to the Hundred and fifty Bishops. This House was afterwards made a Church, and became a most magnificent _Basilica_. But _Sozomen_ tells us, _Lib._ V. _Cap._ 5. That the Church was so called for the Reason above-mentioned. _Martian_, one of the Principal, and most wealthy Citizens, built there a large and beautiful Church. The Reliques of _Anastasia_, were reposited there, because the Church bore her Name.

_The Pillar of_ Theodosius, _which is ascended on the Inside by Winding Stairs_.] _Zonaras_, in his Life of _Justinian_, writes concerning this Pillar as follows: In the seventeenth Year of his Reign, says he, the great Pillar placed before the Porch of the great Church was finished, upon which he placed his own Statue on Horseback. In the same Place had stood formerly the Pillar of _Theodosius_, supporting a silver Statue, made at the Cost of his Son _Arcadius_. This Statue was seven Thousand four hundred Pound in Weight. _Justinian_ took down the Statue, and demolished the Pillar, and laid them both up; so that the Statue, with the Stones of the Pillar, is to be seen at this Day. As the Treatise, I am, upon was wrote when this Pillar was standing, it must of Consequence be wrote before the Time of _Justinian_. _Cedrinus_, in his Life of _Zeno_, speaks of this Pillar in another Manner, or else he is speaking of another Pillar. In the Street called _Taurus_, says he, _Theodosius_ the _Great_ erected a Pillar, on which was carved the History of his Battles with the _Scythians_, and the Trophies of his Success. This Pillar, continues he, has Winding-Stairs within it. At the Top of it, in a Place where two Ways meet, sat _Theodosius_ on Horseback, with his right Hand stretched towards the City, and pointing downwards to the Trophies carved upon it. This Pillar, with the Statue, was thrown down by an Earthquake in the fourth Year of the Reign of _Zeno_ the Emperor. The same Historian, speaking of _Anastasius_, says, that he ordered to be melted down many of the Statues, and other Curiosities set up by _Constantine_ the _Great_, out of which his own Statue was made, which he placed upon the Pillar in the _Taurus_. For before the Statue of _Theodosius_ the _Great_ was placed there, the Pillar of _Anastasius_ was thrown down, and dashed to Pieces by an Earthquake.

_Two large Equestrian Statues._] One of these was the Statue of _Theodosius_ the _Great_. The other is unknown.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Corosia.] These Bagnio’s took their Name from _Corosia_, the Daughter of _Valens_ the Emperor, as _Sozomen_ observes in the Ninth Chapter of his Sixth Book. _Martian_, says he, a Man of consummate Learning, and great Austerity of Life, who had formerly been one of the Emperor’s Life-Guard, but at that Time a Priest, was a _Novatian_, and Tutor to _Anastasius_ and _Corosia_, the Son and Daughter of _Valens_, in the Rudiments of Grammar. He adds, that there were some _Bagnio’s_ at _Constantinople_ that were named from them.

The Eighth _Ward_.

_The eighth_ Ward, _on the Side of the_ Taurus, _is not bounded by the Sea, and may be looked upon to be rather a narrow, than a broad Piece of Ground; yet is this Defect sufficiently amended by its great Length. It contains part of the_ Forum _of_ Constantine, _a_ Portico _on the left Side of it, reaching as far as the_ Taurus; _the_ Basilica _of_ Theodosius; _the_ Capitol; _twenty two Streets; a hundred and eight spacious Houses; five large_ Portico’s; _fifteen private Baths; five private Mills; five_ Gradus, _and two Flesh Markets. It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _seventeen_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

This _Ward_ is wholly encompassed by the Land, and contains part of the _Taurus_, which was a Street of _Constantinople_. _Zonaras_ in his Life of _Nicephorus Botoniates_, takes Notice of it, and tells us, that it contained Part of the _Forum_ of _Constantine_, a _Portico_ on the left Side of it, reaching as far as the _Taurus_, the _Basilica_ of _Theodosius_, and the _Capitol_: In such magnificent Buildings, more especially, did _Constantinople_ much resemble _Old Rome_.

The Ninth _Ward_.

_The ninth_ Ward _is all a Declivity, and bounded by the Sea. It contains the two Churches of_ Cænopolis, _and_ Omonæa; _the Granaries of_ Alexandria; _the House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia; _the_ Bagnio’s _of_ Anastasia; _the Granaries of_ Theodosius; _sixteen Streets; a hundred and sixteen great Houses; two large_ Portico’s; _fifteen private Baths; fifteen private, and four publick Mills. ’Tis governed by one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _thirty eight_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.

_The two Churches of_ Cænopolis, _and_ Omonæa.] I am of Opinion, that the first of these Churches took its Name from some Place in the City. Perhaps it was call’d so from a Spring without the _Porta Aurea_, which had made the Ground foul, and oozy. _Leo_, before he came to the Government, as the Story goes, anointed the Eyes of a blind Man with the Dirt of that Place, and he recover’d his Sight. When he arriv’d afterwards to the Imperial Dignity, he dedicated a Church to the _Virgin Mary_, who foretold his Accession to the Government. _Nicephorus_, in _Lib._ XV. _Cap._ 25. _Hist. Ecclesiast._ (and _Procopius_ confirms it) says, that in the Suburbs, which was called _Fons_, or the Spring, _Justinian_ repair’d the Church of the _Blessed Virgin_. The other Church is call’d Ὁμόνοια, or the Church of Concord; because, probably in the Times of Heathenism, the Temple of _Concord_ stood there; as there were no less than three such Temples at _Rome_. One of which was dedicated to her by _M. Furius Camillus_, upon a Suppression of a Military Tumult; the second by _M. Manlius Prætor_, upon quelling such another Tumult in _Gaul_; and the third in the _Forum Romanum_, near the _Græcostasis_, by _L. Opimius_ the _Consul_, upon the Defeat of _Gracchus_ and his Party, in Opposition to the strongest Resentments of the People; so that the Inscription over this Temple was _Opus Vecordiæ_, and not _Concordiæ_. There was also another Temple dedicated to _Concord_, which was either built, or repair’d by _Livia Augusta_, as is observed by St. _Austin._ _Lib._ III. _Cap._ 2. _de Civit. Dei._ One of these Temples was repaired by _Constantine_ for Christian Worship, as is evident from an antient Inscription in the _Lateran_.

_The Granaries_ of Alexandria.] There were yearly carried from _Alexandria_ to _Constantinople_, eight Millions of _Medimni_ of Wheat, (each _Medimnus_ of _Attick_ Measure consisted of six Bushels) for which the Masters of the Ships by an Edict of _Justinian_, received the Sum of ninety Thousand _Aurei_. There was antiently rais’d by Order of the Senate, and the principal Inhabitants, the Sum of six hundred and eleven Pounds in Gold, which was lodged in the Hands of the _Prefect_ of the City, for purchasing Provision; to which the Emperor added another Import, for purchasing Corn from _Alexandria_, _Lib._ III. _Cod. Theod. de Frumen. Urb. Constan._ This Corn, when brought to _Constantinople_, was laid up in Granaries, which were therefore called the Granaries of _Alexandria_.

_The House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia.] This Lady, as _Cedrinus_ relates, was the Daughter of _Arcadius_. She had another House in the tenth _Ward_. _Arcadius_ had by the Empress _Eudocia_, three Daughters, _Pulcheria_, _Marina_, and _Arcadia_, who all lived in a State of Celibacy.

_The_ Bagnio’s _of_ Anastasia.] These _Bagnio’s_ were so call’d from _Anastasia_, the Daughter of _Valens_, as others were from her Sister _Carosia_ abovementioned. _Marcellinus_, in his _Seventeenth Book_ observes, that these _Bagnio’s_ took their Name from _Anastasia_. _Paulas Diaconus_ tells us in his _Thirteenth Book_, that there’s a very large House in _Constantinople_ called _Carya_, which signifies a Nut: For, says he, there stands in the Porch of this House a Nut-tree, on which, as the Report goes, St. _Achatius_ suffered Martyrdom. Upon this Account, there is also an Oratory built in the same Place. _Procopius_ also mentions a Man, who went to the _Bagnio’s_ of _Anastasia_, which took their Name, says he, from the Sister of _Constantine_.

The Tenth _Ward_.

_The tenth_ Ward, _on the other Side of the City, is divided from the ninth by a broad Way, yet is it much more upon the Level; nor is it, in any Part of it uneven, but near the Sea Shore. ’Tis of a proportionable Length and Breadth, and contains in it; the Church of St._ Achatius; _the_ Bagnio’s _of Constantine; the House of_ Augusta Placidia; _the House of_ Augusta Eudocia; _the House of the most illustrious_ Arcadia; _a large_ Nympheum; _twenty Streets; six hundred and thirty six great Houses; six large_ Portico’s; _twenty two private Baths; two publick, and sixteen private Mills; and twelve_ Gradus. _It has one_ Curator, _one_ Vernaculus, _ninety_ Collegiati, _and five_ Vico-Magistri.

NOTES.