Chapter VIII: Part 8

Grave No. 23. A grave 600 feet up on the plateau south of
Oak Spring Canon, in a dome-shaped mound of volcanic ash
left by the wind. It was not like a rock-slide grave.
Somewhat angular stones unlike rock-slide material among
which were no pebbles, formed a rectangular pile, 15 feet
long by 12 feet wide. The grave contained many stones,
several modern beads, evidently part of a rosary, two
dentalium shells and a human lower jaw, but all were
discarded.

* * * * *

Grave No. 24. This grave was located in a dome of
volcanic ash on the hill or plateau north of the Ahtanum
River and northwest of Mr. A. D. Eglin's house near
Tampico. It was marked by a rectangular group of rough
and wind smoothed rocks (not rock-slide or river pebble)
which extended down as in the crude cairns, 6 feet
northeast and southwest by 4 feet wide northwest and
southeast, the vault being 5 feet by 3 feet. Numbers
99-4323 and 202-8190 were found in this grave.

99-4323. A skeleton of a child found in a very much
decomposed condition. Some of the bones showed
anchylosis. The skull was found in the southwest of the
grave with part of the pelvis, two humerii and a scapula.
The rest of the skeleton was scattered, the lower jaw
being in the northwest corner of the grave with the
femora, tibiae and fibulae. The skull faced northeast and
rested on the occiput.

202-8190. Bone point found at the side of the skull.

* * * * *

99-4324. See grave No. 27.

* * * * *

Grave No. 25. Eglin stone grave located in a volcanic ash
knoll left behind by wind and surrounded by 'scab land'
on the bottom land about 18 miles up and west of North
Yakima or nearly to Tampico, Yakima County, and on the
north side of the river road, but east of the north and
south branch road which is east of Mr. Sherman Eglin's
place; about 600 feet north of the north branch of the
Ahtanum river and about 15 feet above the water level.
Over the grave was a stone heap of angular basalt about
8 feet in diameter. At a depth of 3 feet, after finding
stones all the way down, was a cyst (Negative, nos.
44498, 5-11 and 44499, 5-12, reproduced in Plate X, from
the same station looking east), made up of slabs
averaging 2 inches in maximum thickness with thin sharp
edges about 2 feet by 18 inches and smaller. There were
two such cover stones, some at the sides and ends.
Sometimes two or three such slabs were found parallel or
overlapping. There were no slabs or floor below the
skeleton. This grave resembled very much the stone graves
of Ohio and Kentucky except that the slabs were not of
limestone and there was a pile of rocks over the stone
cyst. Numbers 99-4321, and 202-8191 to 202-8195 were
found in this grave.

99-4321. In the cyst about on a level with the lower
edges of the enclosing slabs was the skeleton of a child
about six years old with head west, face north, and the
knees flexed on the left side. The skull was slightly
deformed by occipital pressure (Plate X).

202-8191. Horizontally under the vertebrae was found an
engraved slab of antler in the form of a costumed human
figure with the engraved surface up (Fig. 121).

202-8192. Dentalium shells were found under the body,
from the neck to the pelvis.

202-8193. Ten engraved dentalium shells (Fig. 117).

202-8194. A bit of bone.

202-8195. Charcoal found in this grave.

The grave (No. 25) and its contents seem to antedate the
advent of the white race in this region or at least show
no European influence.

* * * * *

99-4322 to 99-4323. See graves nos. 22 to 24.

* * * * *

Grave No. 26. Rock-marked grave in a dome left by the
wind near the pasture gate on Mr. A. D. Eglin's place and
about half a mile north of his house near Tampico. A heap
of somewhat angular wind abraded rock some being smooth,
(none being river pebbles or rock-slide material) marked
the grave and extended below the surface about two feet.
Then about 1 foot of earth intervened between them and
thin rocks found around the bones of a very young child.
The skull was in the northwest end of the grave and was
disarticulated. The depth was 4 feet, the length of the
excavation 4 feet, and the width 3 feet. The skeleton was
found with the head northwest and the pelvis southeast. A
grave with outward appearance resembling this except that
it had river pebbles among the stones of the pile is
shown in Fig. 2, Plate IX, (Negative no. 44497, 5-10
taken from the north of east).

* * * * *

Grave No. 27. Rock-marked grave in a dome of volcanic ash
left by the wind located about half a mile north of Mr.
A. D. Eglin's house near Tampico. This grave was like a
rude cairn being rudely walled and found filled with
earth and stones as well as covered by rocks of which
eight or nine weighing about 15 or 20 pounds, showed
above the surface of the ground. Its depth was 4 feet,
length 5 feet, and its width, 3 feet 6 inches, extending
west southwest and east northeast. A little charcoal was
found in this grave also.

99-4324. Adult skeleton found flexed on left side, facing
northeast.

* * * * *

Grave No. 28. Rock-slide grave located in a small
irregular rock-slide on the north side of Cowiche Creek
about 3 miles west of its mouth and about 40 feet above
the road. The rocks were piled up in a crescent-shaped
ridge on the lower side of the grave. Four sticks about
four feet long were found planted upright among the
stones. The grave extended east and west. Parts of a
human skeleton were found. It was in a flexed position,
head west, skull and the bones of the upper part of the
body broken and decomposed. The bones of the lower part
of the body were well preserved. The skeleton had been
wrapped in matting or bark, several pieces of matting
being found in the grave as well as parts of a basket.
Numbers 202-8196a and 202-8196b were found in this grave.

202-8196a. Chipped point of mottled quartz found near the
skull (Plate II, Fig. 3).

202-8196b. Chipped point of white quartz found near the
skull (Plate II, Fig. 4).

202-8197. Pestle or roller made of stone from the surface
about a mile east of Fort Simcoe. This is of cylindrical
shape tapering to both ends but to one more than to the
other. Both ends are fractured (Fig. 37).

* * * * *

Grave No. 29. Rock-marked grave located on a plateau
above Wenas Creek near its mouth and about seven miles
north of North Yakima. The rocks marking the grave
covered a space 6 feet by 4 feet and extended down to the
skeleton which was very much broken but not decomposed.
No objects other than some charcoal were found in this
grave.

All the other graves in the vicinity of the mouth of
Wenas Creek seem to have been rifled.

202-8198. Broken ulna of a deer found at the mouth of
Wenas Creek about 7 miles north of North Yakima.

Numbers 202-8199 to 202-8204 were found on the surface at
the mouth of Wenas Creek.

202-8199. Small chipped point made of red jasper.

202-8200a-c. Three chipped points made of white chert.

202-8201. Broken and burned chipped point made of white
chert.

202-8202. Broken triangular chipped point made of white
chert.

202-8203. Chipped point made of reddish white chert
(Plate II. Fig. 13).

202-8204 a, b. Two chipped pieces of white chalcedony.

Numbers 202-8205a-e to 202-8206f were found in the valley
of Wenas Creek, on the surface near where the trail from
North Yakima to Ellensburg crosses the creek, about 7
miles north of North Yakima.

202-8205a-e. Five pieces of agate of reddish or amber
color.

202-8205f. Agate of whitish color

202-8206a. A chip of stone.

202-8206b-e. Four pieces of stone.

202-8206f. Chip of stone.

Numbers 202-8207 to 202-8209 were found on the surface at
the mouth of Wenas Creek.

202-8207. Pestle made of stone.

202-8208. Pestle made of stone.

202-8209. Broken pebble, battered on the side.

202-8210. Fragment of a pestle made of stone of nearly
square cross section. Found on the surface three miles
north of Clemen's ranch, on Wenas Creek where the trail
from North Yakima to Ellensburg crosses.

202-8211. Pestle found about 28 miles north of North
Yakima, on the trail to Ellensburg. It was in a dry creek
in "Kittitass" Canon. This canon is probably the
Manastash not the "Kittitass," as we were told.

ELLENSBURG.

202-8212. Base of a triangular chipped point made of
jasper found on the surface near the town reservoir on
the ridge east of Ellensburg.

Numbers 202-8213 to 202-8222 were found on the surface of
the bottom land west of Cherry Creek, near Ellensburg.
The place was a village site and is on the farm of Mr.
Bull near where an east and west road crosses the creek,
and opposite where the creek touches on the east, the
west base of the upland. At this point the creek comes up
to the upland from the lowland to the north (p. 12).

202-8213. Chipped boulder.

202-8214. Notched boulder, or net sinker.

202-8215. Battered pebble.

202-8216. Four burned stones.

202-8217. Gritstone, probably a whetstone.

202-8218. Pebble.

202-8219. Unio shells.

202-8220. Six chips.

202-8221. Scraper chipped from chalcedony (Fig. 52).

202-8222. Chipped point of heart shape made of clove
brown jasper. (Plate II, Fig. 12).

* * * * *

Grave No. 30. Stone circle located on the crest of a
western extension of the Saddle Mountains on Mr. Bull's
farm, east of Cherry Creek and about seven miles south of
Ellensburg. The place is east of the village site
above-mentioned which is on the bottom land along the
west side of the creek at this point. A circular ring of
stones, 10 feet in diameter marked the grave. Smaller
stones and earth in the middle extended 3 feet 6 inches
down to the skeleton. No objects were found except a
plentiful supply of charcoal.

99-4325. The bones of an adult human skeleton which
appeared as if it had been flexed were found very much
out of anatomical order. It lay northeast and southwest
in the southeast part of the grave. There was a large
hole in the right frontal of the skull which lay facing
the northwest. The lower jaw was found on top of the
skull with its angle east. Fragments of the tibiae were
blackened by fire.

* * * * *

Grave No. 31. Rock-slide grave located in the rock-slide
on the west side of the bluff, a western extension of the
Saddle Mountains, east of Cherry Creek and about half a
mile southwest of Mr. Bull's house. One small piece of
decayed wood was found projecting above the rock-slide,
and it was the only indication of the grave, there being
no cavity over it. Among the rocks, four more posts were
found, one at each corner of the grave. These had
evidently rotted off even with the surface, having
formerly, no doubt, extended above it. The depth of the
grave was from 2 to 3 feet, according to the slope of the
hill. Numbers 99-4326 and 202-8223 to 202-8228 were found
in this grave.

99-4326. Skeleton of a child with anchylosed neck
vertebrae. Some of the bones were bleached. The bones
were very much displaced, the skull being found in the
middle of the grave and some of the vertebrae being found
near the surface, but most of the bones were around the
skull. The body dressed and wrapped in matting had been
placed between four large boulders.

202-8223. Fragments of leather or skin clothing.

202-8224. Dentalium shells.

202-8225. Glass beads.

202-8226. Three bracelets made of iron (Fig. 96).

202-8227. A bone disk with central perforation (Fig. 80).

202-8228. A bit of a fresh water shell.

* * * * *

Grave No. 32. Rock-slide grave located about 30 feet
south southwest of grave No. 31 and in the same
rock-slide. It had the same characteristics but had
evidently been disturbed, the skull being missing. No
artifacts were found in the grave.

99-4327. Adult skeleton without skull and some bones of a
little child. The bones of an adult were found in a heap
except the vertebrae which lay extended full length;
cervical vertebrae to the north. The bones of one ankle,
a tibia, and fibula were diseased. The cervical vertebrae
are anchylosed; and one of the ribs is abnormal. The
bones of the knees are partly bleached. The bones of the
child being found between the ribs and the pelvis suggest
that it was foetal.

* * * * *

Grave No. 33. Rock-slide grave located 40 feet south
southwest from grave No. 31 in the same rock-slide with
it. There was nothing on the surface to indicate this
grave, but below the surface of the slide on the upper
side of the grave, were three rows of sticks, about 3
feet long, standing vertically and close to each other.
These seemed to be so placed that they would prevent the
slide from further movement towards the grave. The grave
cavity was 5 feet south southeast by 4 feet east
northeast and 4 feet deep on one side, 3 feet on the
other, or averaging about 3-1/2 feet deep, and extending
into the soil below the slide. Numbers 99-4328 and
202-8229 to 202-8230 were found in this grave.

99-4328. In the bottom of the grave the skeleton of a
youth was found. It was in good condition, lying on its
back, facing west, but having rolled westward. The legs
were flexed so that the femora lay at right angles or to
the southeast of the pelvis, and the tibiae and fibulae
lay parallel to them. The arms lay extended at the sides
of the body with the hands on the pelvis. Three of the
arm bones and one pelvis bone are stained by copper. The
tibia of a child was found with these.

202-8229. Mat of twined rushes found under the pelvis.
The rushes were stitched together in pairs with cord and
each pair was twisted once between each stitch (Fig. 71).

202-8230. Open twine matting of rushes held together with
cords woven around them, skin with hair on it, and in
this were copper beads strung with beads made of
dentalium shells on a leather thong (Fig. 72).

* * * * *

Grave No. 34. Rock-slide grave found 5 feet south
southwest of grave No. 32. There were no surface
indications of the grave. Posts of decayed wood were
found extending from the surface down to about 6 inches
from the bottom. The tops appeared to have been cut off
and probably never extended above the surface. Numbers
99-4329 and 202-8231 to 202-8246 were found in this
grave.

99-4329. The skeleton of a young child with a persistent
frontal suture was found at a depth of from 3 to 4 feet
with the head east, trunk on back, femora at right angles
to tibiae, and fibulae parallel to them, flexed to left
or south.

202-8231. Skin with the hair on found on body.

202-8232. Matting.

202-8233. Several rows of beads, some of copper, others
of glass and still others of sections of dentalium shells
were found at the neck, arms and legs. These are strung
on pieces of thong, some of which are wound at the ends.
Some of them are on coarse twisted, and others on fine
twisted plant fibre (Fig. 74).

202-8234a, b. Two pendants made of haliotis shell were
found, one near the head and one at the pelvis (Fig. 91).

202-8235a, b. Two copper pendants were found at the legs,
_b_ has a thong in the perforation.

202-8236a-d. Four bracelets made of copper found on the
arms (Fig. 95).

202-8237. Teeth of a rodent found in the grave.

202-8238. A square pendant made of copper with a thong
and bead made of copper (Fig. 78).

202-8239. A pendant made of copper (Fig. 83).

202-8240. A bit of wood bounding a knot hole.

202-8241. Two dentalium shells.

202-8242. A piece of iron.

202-8243. Woodpecker feathers, some bound at the tips
with fabric, one with feather, and fur or moss.

202-8244. A copper ornament found among the rocks over
this grave about 1 foot deep.

202-8245. A pendant made of brass with thong and bead
made of copper found among the rocks over this grave
about 1 foot deep (Fig. 84).

202-8246. A pendant made of copper with thong found about
1 foot deep among the rocks over this grave (Fig. 82).

* * * * *

Grave No. 35. Rock-slide grave located in the same slide
with Nos. 31, 32, 33 and 34, 8 feet to the south
southwest of No. 34. The grave was 3 feet in diameter by
4 feet deep. Four posts of poplar were found at the
corners of this grave but these did not show above the
surface being decayed down to within 6 or 8 inches of the
ground under the rock-slide. Sticks had also been used to
mark this grave on the surface. Numbers 99-4330 and
202-8247 to 202-8249 were found in this grave.

99-4330. The skeleton of a youth was found resting on its
back with the head to the east, arms at the sides, legs
flexed at right angles, i.e., to the north. Two buttons,
one of bone and one of pearl, or shell, and a bridle bit
were found in the grave, but were discarded.

202-8247. A bit of shell.

202-8248. Thirteen cones made of iron (Fig. 86).

202-8249. Two pendants made of iron (Fig. 85).

* * * * *

Grave No. 36. A rock-enclosure burial located on the hill
south of Mr. Bull's house near the gap south of
Ellensburg and about 300 feet north of grave No. 30. This
burial was the southwestern of a group of eight, all very
close together and of which the southern circular
enclosure of five had been rifled although the three
oblong enclosures were intact. There were traces of human
bones in all of the eight enclosures. The enclosure to
the north contained a skeleton that had been burned. No.
36 differed from No. 30 in that the stones did not extend
below the surface.

99-4331. At a depth of 3 feet, in the grave pit 5 feet by
3 feet was the skeleton of an adult lying with the head
north, face east, on the left side, arms extended to
pelvis, legs flexed to left, i.e., to east. No specimens
were found in this enclosure.

* * * * *

Grave No. 37. A rock-slide grave was located about 10
feet west of grave No. 35 and was similar to it in
general character. Numbers 99-4332 and 202-8250 to
202-8258 were found in this grave.

99-4332. The very much decomposed skeleton of a child was
found here. The broken skull was preserved.

202-8250a, b. Two fragments of antler, perhaps part of an
implement found about 1 inch above the pelvis.

202-8251. A triangular copper object with two
perforations found inside the skull.

202-8252. A pendant or nose ornament made of haliotis
shell and stained pink in places found on the lower jaw
(Fig. 92).

202-8253. Dentalium shells.

202-8254. A long shell pendant with two perforations.

202-8255. A pendant made of haliotis shell bearing a pink
stain with a perforation and part of a second perforation
(Fig. 90).

202-8256. A long shell pendant with one perforation.

202-8257a, b. Two triangular objects made of shell.

202-8258. Pieces of shell found near the lower jaw.

PRIEST RAPIDS.

202-8259. One pebble showing use at the end as a pestle.
Found on the surface of the divide 25 miles east of
Ellensburg, and about 15 miles west of Mr. Craig's house
near the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8260a, b. Pieces of a pestle made of part of a column
of basalt, with the corners rounded by pecking. Found on
the surface at the head of Priest Rapids on the west side
of the river.

202-8261. A pestle made by rounding the edges of a piece
of a basaltic column. Found on the surface of the west
bank of the Columbia River 8 miles above Mr. Craig's
house, which is at the head of Priest Rapids.

* * * * *

Numbers 202-8262 to 202-8266 were found on the surface
near the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8262. A pestle or part of a pestle.

202-8263. A river pebble partly pecked into the form of a
pestle (Fig. 22).

202-8264. The end of a pestle having a large striking
head.

202-8265. Part of a stone pestle.

202-8266. Pestle formed by rounding the corners of a
small basaltic column.

202-8267. to 202-8290. Numbers 202-8267 to 202-8290 are
pestles made of stone found on the surface near the head
of Priest Rapids (Fig. 21, 202-8281).

Numbers 202-8291 to 202-8295 were found on the surface
near the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8291. Part of a pestle made of stone.

202-8292a. A pebble battered on each end (Fig. 41).

202-8292b. Pebble, one side of which has been used as a
mortar.

202-8293. Part of a mortar made of stone.

202-8294. Part of a mortar.

202-8295. Disk-shaped boulder, one side of which is
notched opposite a natural notch. Possibly this has been
a net sinker similar to the following.

* * * * *

Numbers 202-8296 to 202-8334 were found on the surface of
the bank of the Columbia River near the head of Priest
Rapids.

202-8296. River pebble. Such pebbles were made into
sinkers for fish nets. See 202-8310 and adjacent
catalogue numbers (Fig. 13a).

202-8297. Scraper or knife made of a river pebble one
side of which is chipped (Fig. 55).

202-8298. River pebble of disk shape, partly chipped.

202-8299. River pebble of disk shape, partly chipped on
two edges.

202-8300. River pebble of disk shape, partly chipped on
one edge.

202-8301. River pebble of disk shape, partly chipped on
two edges.

202-8302. River pebble of disk shape, partly chipped on
four edges (Fig. 53).

202-8303. River pebble, partly chipped.

202-8304. River pebble of disk shape, chipped around the
edge from one side only.

202-8305. Disk-shaped river pebble, chipped around the
edge from both sides.

202-8306. Disk-shaped river pebble, chipped in two
places, opposite each other from both sides, and at a
place equi-distant from these two from only one side.

202-8307. Scraper or knife chipped from a pebble (Fig.
54).

202-8308. Chipped pebble.

* * * * *

202-8309 to 202-8322. Numbers 202-8309 to 202-8322 are
oblong flat river pebbles with a notch chipped in the
edge at each end from both sides. They are probably
sinkers for fish nets. (202-8313, see Fig. 13_c_;
202-8318, see Fig. 13_b_).

202-8323 to 202-8325. Numbers 202-8323 to 202-8325 are
oval flat river pebbles with pieces chipped from the
edges in several places.

202-8326. Flat oval river pebble with pieces chipped from
both sides of the edge at five places, probably a sinker
for a fish net.

202-8327. Flat disk-shaped pebble with four notches about
equi-distant around the edge, and chipped from each side,
probably a sinker for a fish net.

202-8328. Oval river pebble with four notches chipped in
the edge nearly equi-distant from each other, probably a
sinker for a fish net.

202-8329. Oval flat river pebble with four notches
chipped in the edge from both sides, and about
equi-distant from each other, probably a sinker for a
fish net.

202-8330. Oval flat river pebble with four notches
chipped in the edge from both sides, and about
equi-distant from each other, probably a sinker for a
fish net (Fig. 13_d_).

202-8331. Half of a stone ring, probably a sinker for a
fish net.

202-8332. Boulder in which groove is partly pecked,
probably a net sinker or anchor.

202-8333. Large chipped implement made of basalt (Plate
I, Fig. 1).

202-8334. Large chipped form made of white chert (Plate
I, Fig. 3).

* * * * *

Numbers 202-8335 to 202-8383 were found on the surface
near the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8335. Chipped form.

202-8336. Chipped form of white chalcedony (Fig. 3).

202-8337. Chipped form.

202-8338. Chipped form made of red jasper (Plate _I_,
Fig. 2).

202-8339 to 202-8344. Numbers 202-8339 to 202-8344 are
chipped forms.

202-8345. Basal half of a chipped point.

202-8346. Half of a chipped form.

202-8347. Point of a chipped form.

202-8348. Part of a chipped form.

202-8349 to 202-8354. Numbers 202-8349 to 202-8354 are
points of chipped forms.

202-8355. Triangular chipped point.

202-8356. Triangular chipped point.

202-8357. Chipped form.

202-8358. Chipped point.

202-8359. Chipped point made of brown horn stone (Plate
II, Fig. 11).

202-8360. Triangular chipped point made of pale yellow
chalcedony. The chalcedony is flint-like in texture
(Plate II, Fig. 14).

202-8361. Chipped point made of yellow agate (Plate II,
Fig. 10).

202-8362. Chipped point.

202-8363. Chipped point made of pale fulvous chalcedony
(Plate II, Fig. 8).

202-8364. Chipped arrow, knife or spear point made of
chalcedony (Fig. 2).

202-8365. Chipped arrow, spear or knife point.

202-8366. Chipped arrow point made of pale fulvous
chalcedony (Plate II, Fig. 7).

202-8367. Chipped arrow point.

202-8368. Chipped arrow point made of opaline whitish
chalcedony (Plate II, Fig. 9).

202-8369. Chipped arrow point made of chalcedony (Fig.
1).

202-8370. Point for a drill chipped from chert (Fig. 48).

202-8371. Scraper chipped from petrified wood (Fig. 49).

202-8372. Scraper chipped from agate (Fig. 50).

202-8373. Scraper chipped from chalcedony (Fig. 51).

202-8374. Chipped piece of chalcedony.

202-8375. Chipped piece of petrified wood.

202-8376. Flake of stone.

202-8377. Flake of stone.

202-8378a. Piece of antler showing knife marks.

202-8378b. Part of a wedge made of antler.

202-8379. A piece of antler that has been whittled.

202-8380a, b, c. Three pieces of antler.

202-8381. Bleached barb for a fish spear made of bone
(Fig. 12).

202-8382. Six clam shells from the Columbia River.

202-8383. Seventeen clam shells from the old shell bed
shown in Plate V, Fig. 1.

202-8384. Four shell disks found among the refuse of a
rock-slide grave near the head of Priest Rapids (Fig.
76).

202-8385. One dentalium shell found among the refuse of a
rock-slide grave near the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8386. Pendant made of haliotis shell, triangular in
form, perforated at the most acute corner. This shell
came from the Pacific Coast. Found in the grave of a
child in a rock-slide near the head of Priest Rapids west
of the Columbia River near the home of Mr. Craig (Fig.
89). Numbers 202-8387 to 202-8390 were also found here.

202-8387a, b, c, d. Vertebrae of a fish.

202-8388. Pendant made of a shell probably a young
_Pectunculus gigantea_. The hinge side has been smoothed
off (Fig. 88).

202-8389. Three dentalium shells.

202-8390. Twenty-eight shell disks or beads.

* * * * *

Grave No. 38. A rock-slide grave located on the east side
of the escarpment that runs south to the Columbia River
about two miles southwest of Mr. Craig's house near the
head of Priest Rapids. Stones were heaped up over this
grave and sticks about 6 feet long were standing up and
extended from the earth above the skeleton to 3 feet
above the surface. Numbers 99-4333 and 202-8391 to
202-8392 were found in the grave.

99-4333. An adult skeleton was found at a depth of 3 feet
from the top of the rock heap. The head was east. The
skeleton was flexed and it was lying on the left side.

202-8391. Stitched rush matting, probably recent, found
in contact with the skin on this skeleton (Fig. 70). Part
was of the stitch shown in Fig. 71.

202-8392. A roll of birch bark.

* * * * *

Grave No. 39. Grave of a child near grave No. 38. This
child's grave was of the same kind as grave No. 38.

202-8393. Pendant or bead made of sea shell (Fig. 87).

* * * * *

Grave No. 40. A rock-slide grave found 8 miles above Mr.
Craig's house in a small slide at the foot of the bluff.
Upright cedar slabs about 8 feet long were found along
about 6 feet of the lower part of the grave. The skeleton
of an adult lay flexed along the slabs with the head to
the north.

99-4334. The skull.

Several similar graves, most of which have been rifled,
were seen at this place.

* * * * *

Grave No. 41. Grave found about 5 miles south of Mr.
Craig's house on the western bank of the Columbia. It was
in the sand, covered with flat river boulders. No
artifacts were found in the grave.

99-4335. Adult skeleton, bleached. Much of the skeleton
was found exposed and parts were missing. The head was
north.

* * * * *

Grave No. 42. Boulder-covered grave in sand was located
at the edge of the river 12 miles up the Columbia from
Mr. Craig's house. Numbers 99-4336 and 202-8394 to
202-8395 were found in this grave.

99-4336. An adult skeleton was found in this grave with
the head north, face down, and flexed.

202-8394. Fragment of a large mortar made of stone (Fig.
18).

202-8395a, b, c. Three pestles found among the covering
boulders of this grave.

* * * * *

Numbers 202-8396 to 202-8398 were presented by Mrs. J. B.
Davidson of Ellensburg. The specimens were collected at
the head of Priest Rapids.

202-8396. Pipe made of limestone decorated with the
circle and dot design similar to that used in the
Thompson River region (Fig. 106 also negative 44505,
6-6).

202-8397. Double notched point chipped from black glassy
basalt or trap (Plate II, Fig. 6).

202-8398. Point for a drill or perforator chipped from
chalcedony (Fig. 47).

202-8399. River pebble partly pecked into the form of a
pestle. Found on the surface 8 miles above the head of
Priest Rapids (Fig. 23).

VARIOUS LOCALITIES.

Numbers 20.0-1463 to 20.0-1471 were collected and
presented by Mr. D. W. Owen of Kennewick.

20.0-1463. Bone object broken and partly missing from
Blalock Island fifteen miles below Umatilla in the
Columbia River.

20.0-1464. Wedge made of antler from the surface near the
Columbia River near the mouth of the Snake River (Fig.
39).

20.0-1465. Bleached awl made of bone from an island in
the Columbia River, forty miles above the mouth of the
Snake River (Fig. 57).

20.0-1466. Bleached awl made of bone from the surface of
an island in the Columbia River near the mouth of the
Snake River (Fig. 56).

20.0-1467. Awl made of brownish bone nearly circular in
section with five incised lines on two sides, four on
one, and none on the other which is plain because worn
smooth probably by age or use. From a grave on Blalock
Island, a long island in the Columbia River fifteen miles
below Umatilla.

20.0-1468. Awl made of brownish bone. The shaft has
nearly parallel sides and rounded corners but the base is
nearly circular in section. Striations such as are made
by a gritstone show on the surface. Found with another in
a grave on an island in the Snake River five miles above
its mouth (Fig. 10).

20.0-1469. Sculptured arm with hand made of black slate
having four nearly parallel sides and rounded corners.
From Umatilla, Oregon.

20.0-1470. Pipe made of sandstone bearing design. From
the Snake River Indians (Figs. 107 and 115).

20.0-1471. Sculptured handle broken from a club made of
serpentine. The broken surface is smooth. There are
notches 1/4 inch long on the edge. From Blalock Island
opposite Umatilla in the Columbia Valley (Fig. 167h,
Smith, (b).).

20.0-3343. Fluted stone, possibly an unfinished pestle.
From near Lewiston, Idaho. Presented by Mr. Henry Fair,
Spokane, Idaho.

* * * * *

Numbers 20.0-3344 to 20.0-3346 are from an old village
site near Fort Simcoe. Collected by Dr. H. J. Spinden.

20.0-3344. Mortar.

20.0-3345. Pestle.

20.0-3346. Pestle.

T-21184 (H-180). Fragment of a leaf-shaped point made of
chert. From Wallula near the Columbia River, Oregon.
Collected by Judge James Kennedy in 1882 (Fig. 6).

T-22107 (H-177). Fragments of a figure made of antler.
From Umatilla, Oregon. Collected by Mrs. James Terry
(Fig. 123).

* * * * *

TRANSCRIBER NOTES:

Archaic, alternate and misspellings of words have been retained to
match the original work with the exception of those listed below

Missing punctuation has been added and obvious punctuation errors
have been corrected.

Page 19: "gulley" changed to "gully" (on either side by a
gully).

Page 36: footnote 78, added "p." ( Spinden, p, 194.)

Page 82: "anterio" changed to "anterior" (leaving a large
anterior lateral projection).

Page 92: "assymetrical" changed to "asymmetrical" ( a slightly
asymmetrical disk)

Page 93: illustration caption: "n" changed to "in" ( in
the collection of)

Page 97: "he" changed to "be" ( contents will be found)

Page 108: "begining" changed to "beginning" (first
beginning at the East).

Page 108: "untill" changed to "until" (held the pipe until
I took).

Page 109: "simitransparent" changed to "semi-transparent"
(where the semi-transparent green steatite).

Page 113: "p.13" changed to "p. 131" (under the section of art on p.
131.)

Page 129: "fo" changed to "of" (and the method of
indicating)

Page 145: "familar" changed to "familiar" (not be one merely
familiar with)

Page 149: "Bibiography" changed to "Bibliography"

Page 160: "tibiæ" changed to "tibiae" and "fibulæ" changed
to "fibulae" for consistency.