Chapter IV: Part 4

This ought to make them content,--but the Constipated are for ever murmuring about a habit--which, if managed with moderate care,--is the fundamental basis of Health and Long Life. A little attention to Regimen will generally prevent it--a simple Laxative will suffice to remove it--and neither will be often necessary, for those who observe a deobstruent Diet--take proper Exercise in a pure Air--sufficient liquid Food--and eat freely of Butter, Salt, and Sugar.

The peculiarity of most Constitutions is so convenient, that almost all Costive persons--by attending to the effects which various things produce upon their Bowels--may find, in their usual Food and Drink, the means of persuading their sluggish Viscera to vibrate with healthful celerity.

A SUPPER or BREAKFAST of thin Gruel, (No. 572,) with plenty of Butter and Salt in it,--ripe Fruits, particularly _Grapes_[101],--Oranges,-- Strawberries,--Raspberries,--Mulberries,--Marmalade,--Honey,-- Treacle,--roasted Apples,--stewed Prunes,--Figs,--Raisins,-- Tamarinds,--French Plumbs, &c.;--will almost always produce the desired effect.

Two or three strong _Cinnamon or Ginger Lozenges_, (see page 234,) gradually dissolved in the mouth when the Stomach is empty, will act as an Aperient on many persons.

SALAD OIL is a very pleasant _Peristaltic Persuader_:--by the following means it may be introduced (as a supper) to the most delicate Stomach,--without any offence to the most fastidious Palate.

Put a table-spoonful of Sherry into a wine-glass--on this a table-spoonful of Olive Oil--on this another table-spoonful of Sherry--or rub together a table-spoonful or two of Oil, with the yolk of an Egg boiled hard, (No. 547,) add a little Vinegar and Salt to it, and eat it at Supper as a Sauce to a Salad (No. 138*) of Mustard and Cresses,--or Lettuce,--Radishes,--Button Onions,--Celery,--Cucumber, &c.;--or cold boiled Asparagus,--Brocoli,--Cauliflower,--Carrot,--or Turnip,--Kidney or French Beans,--or Pease;--or Pickled Salmon, (No. 161,) Lobster, (No. 176,) Shrimps, Herrings, Sprats, (No. 170**,) or Mackarel, (No. 168,) or as a Sauce to cold Meat, &c.

You may give it an infinite variety of agreeable flavours; the ingredients to produce which are enumerated in (No. 372) of "THE COOK'S ORACLE."

Hypochondriac people are fond of taking Medicine at certain times, the spring and fall,--at the full or the new Moon, &c. whether they want it or not.--For those in Health to attempt to improve it by taking Physic, is absurd indeed. Remember the epitaph on the Italian Count--

"I was well--
Wished to be better--
Took Physic--and died."

Hypochondriasis--Spleen--Vapours--the Blue Devils--the Bile--Nervous Debility, &c. are but so many different names for those Disorders which arise either from CHRONIC WEAKNESS of the Constitution--or an inconsiderate management of it.--A man who has a strong stamina will bear irregularities with impunity--which will soon destroy a more delicate frame.

We do not laugh at the melancholy of the Hypochondriac,--or consider his Complaints as merely the hallucinations of _un Malade Imaginaire_; but trace the cause of them to either some Indigestion interrupting the functions of the Alimentary Canal--which a gentle Aperient would immediately remove--or the ineffective performance of the Restorative Process--insufficiently nutritive Diet--or depression of the vital and animal functions from anxiety or over-exertion of either the Mind or the Body:--which nothing but Rest and nutritive Food can repair.

The Editor of this little treatise has had from his Youth to bear up against an highly irritable nervous system,--the means he has found useful to manage and support it, he is now recording for the benefit of other Nervous Invalids.

* * * * *

We advise our Friends--never to call in even the gentle aid of Peristaltic Persuaders,--but when Instinct absolutely insists upon it--some of the Indications of which are, "A disagreeable taste in the Mouth--Eructations--Want of Appetite--Sensations of distention in the Stomach and Bowels--Pains in the Stomach or Head--Vertigo--Feverishness--Restlessness--Peevishness," &c.--but these will often disappear by taking a liquid meal, instead of a solid one, or using more exercise, will often answer the purpose.--Mr. Jones very sensibly observes, "if people will by no means rest from constantly tampering with laxatives, instead of using exercise, the habit of using the _Lavement_ every evening cannot be so destructive, as it irritates only _twelve inches_ of intestine, and spares raking down the other _thirty-nine feet_."--_See Med. Vul. Errors_, p. 44.

RELAXED BOWELS[102] are often extremely unmanageable, and difficult to regulate--and are the principal cause of that _Chronic Weakness_ which is so generally complained of, and of many other distressing Nervous Disorders.

If the Bowels are unfaithful to the Stomach, and, instead of playing fair,--let go their hold of the "Pabulum Vitæ," before the Absorbents have properly performed the process which that grand organ has prepared for them--Nutrition will be deficient; and Flatulence, &c. &c. Giddiness,--Spasms,--Head-ache,--and Back-ache,--and what are called _Bilious and Nervous_ Disorders,--and all the Diseases incident to Debility, will attack you on the slightest cause.

Those who are afflicted with a relaxation of the Bowels, are advised to a _Dry diet_, rather than a _Liquid one_, and must submit to a Regimen diametrically contrary to that we have recommended to cure Constipation.

"Since I lessened my Drink I have been much more costive than I was before, and have for two years past freed myself from a Diarrhœa. Costiveness generally attends dry food in other animals as well as men."--B. ROBINSON, _on Food and Discharges_, p. 82 and 64.

Live principally upon Animal Food sufficiently cooked, and Stale Bread, or biscuit;--instead of Malt liquor (unless it be very mild and good Homebrewed Beer, which is the best of all Beverages) drink Beef-Tea, (No. 563), or well made Toast and Water[103] (No. 463*), with about one-fourth part of Wine, and a little Sugar and grated Nutmeg or Ginger in it;--if the Stomach be troubled with Acidity, or great Flatulence, one-eighth part of Brandy may agree with it better:--_whatever You eat and drink should be Warmed_.--See page 94 on _Siesta_, and page 158.

Be watchful of the effects of the Food which you take,--avoid whatever appears to irritate, and _eat only that which experience has proved acceptable_.

IRRITABLE BOWELS are excited to inconveniently increased action by any thing that the Stomach has either not the ability, or the inclination, to prepare for them,--and _Diarrhœa_ is the consequence.

The easiest and most effectual method of restoring tranquillity in the Bowels--is to be content with a light diet of Gruel, Broth, or Fish, &c. till the return of a keen Appetite assures you, that the Stomach has recovered its powers, and being ready for action, requires its usual supply of solid food.

_When the Bowels get a trick of emptying themselves too often_,--a teaspoonful of Compound Powder of Chalk in your Tea,--or a wine-glassful of the following mixture, taken twice or thrice a day, will generally cure them of it very speedily:--

℞ Chalk mixture, six ounces.
Tincture of Cinnamon (No. 416*), one ditto.
Opiate Confection, one drachm.

Mixed together.

If Diarrhœa continues obstinate, more powerful Astringents[104] may be necessary.

TINCTURE OF CINNAMON (No. 416*) is one of the best cordial tonics--see also (No. 569) and (Nos. 413 & 15.)

OPIUM LOZENGES, containing a quarter of a grain each, and strongly flavoured with Oil of Peppermint, are recommended to those who are troubled with relaxed Bowels.

STRONG PEPPERMINT LOZENGES are the most convenient portable carminative:--as soon as they are dissolved, their influence is felt from the beginning, to the end of the Alimentary Canal;--they dissipate flatulence so immediately, that they well deserve the name of _Vegetable Æther_; and are recommended to SINGERS[105] AND PUBLIC SPEAKERS, as giving effective excitement to the organs of the Voice,--as a support against the distressing effects of fasting too long--and to give energy to the Stomach between meals.

N.B. _Sixty different sorts of Lozenges_, are made in the most superlative manner, by Mr. Smith, Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheapside.

His _Rose Jujubes_--are a very elegant preparation, which those who have not a remarkably Sweet Breath, are recommended to take the last thing at night, and the first in the morning--the breath smells faintest when the Stomach is emptiest.

His _Mellifluous Aromatics_ are so delicately flavoured, they moisten the mouth and throat without cloying the Palate, Stomach, &c., which is more than can be said of most Lozenges.

_To make_ FORTY PERISTALTIC PERSUADERS.

Take,
Turkey Rhubarb, finely pulverized, two drachms.
Syrup (by weight) one drachm.
Oil of Carraway, ten drops (minums).
Made into Pills, each of which will contain _Three
Grains of Rhubarb_.

THE DOSE OF THE PERSUADERS must be adapted to the constitutional peculiarity of the Patient:--when you wish to accelerate or augment the Alvine Exoneration--take two, three, or more, according to the effect you desire to produce--_two Pills_ will do as much for one person as _five_ or _six_ will for another; they generally will very regularly perform what you wish to-day,--without interfering with what you hope will happen to-morrow;--and are, therefore, as convenient an argument against Constipation as any we are acquainted with.

_The most convenient opportunity to introduce them to the Stomach_--is early in the Morning, when it is unoccupied,--and has no particular business to attend to, _i. e._ at least half an hour before Breakfast.

_Physic_ should never interrupt the Stomach, when it is engaged in digesting _Food_--perhaps the best time to take it, is when you awake out of your first Sleep--or as soon as you awake in the morning. Moreover, such is the increased sensibility of some Stomachs at that time, that half the quantity of Medicine will suffice.

From _two to four Persuaders_ will generally produce one additional motion within twelve hours.

They may be taken at any time--by the most DELICATE FEMALES, whose Constitutions are so often distressed by Constipation[106], and destroyed by the drastic purgatives they take to relieve it. See also page 224.

Their agreeable flavour recommends them as the most convenient aperient for CHILDREN, whose indispositions most frequently arise from obstructions in the Bowels;--it is not always a very easy task to prevail upon a spoiled Child to take Physic;--therefore--we have made our Pill to taste exactly like Gingerbread.

For INFANTS, too young to swallow a Pill, pound it, and mix it with Currant Jelly, Honey, or Treacle.

ON THE FIRST ATTACK OF DISEASE--it may generally be disarmed by discharging the contents of the Bowels:--IN EVERY DISORDER[107] the main point is carefully to watch, and constantly to keep up the activity of the Alimentary Canal--for want of due attention to this, MILLIONS (especially of _Children_) HAVE DIED OF MEDICABLE DISORDERS!!

FOR BILIOUS OR LIVER[108] COMPLAINTS, (which are now the fashionable names for all those deranged sensations of the Abdominal Viscera--which as often arise from the want, as from the excess of Bile--and perhaps most frequently from _Indigestion_)--and for expelling WORMS[109], for which it is the fashion to administer _Mercury_[110] (which, because it is the only remedy for one Disease, people suppose must be a _panacea_ for every disorder) and other drastic mineral medicines, which are awfully uncertain both in their strength and in their operation.

If, instead of two or three times a week tormenting your Bowels with _Corrosive Cathartics_,--_Hydragogues_,--_Phlegmagogues_, &c., you take one or two gentle PERSUADERS, twice or thrice a day;--they will excite a gradual and regularly increased action of the Viscera--restore the tone of the Alimentary tube--and speedily and effectually cure the disorder, without injuring the Constitution.

There is not a more universal or more mischievous _Vulgar Error_, than the notion, that Physic is efficacious, in proportion as it is extremely disagreeable to take, and frightfully violent in its operation,--unless a medicine actually produces more Distress in the System, than the Disorder it is administered to remove--in fact, if the Remedy be not worse than the Disease, the million have no faith in it--and are not satisfied that they can be perfectly cured if they escape Phlebotomy,--unless put to extreme pain, and plentifully supplied with Black Doses, and drastic Drugs;--they have the best opinion of that Doctor who most furiously

"_Vomits_--_Purges_--_Blisters_--_Bleeds_, and _Sweats 'em_."

To perfectly content them that you have most profoundly considered their case, you must to such Prescription--add a Proscription of every thing they appear particularly partial to!!!

People who in all other respects appear to be very rational--and are apt to try other questions by the rules of Common Sense, in matters relating to their Health, surrender their understanding to the fashion of the Day,--and in the present Century, on all occasions take _Calomel_ as coolly as in the last, their Grandfathers inundated their poor Stomachs with _Tar-Water_.

* * * * *

TONIC TINCTURE, (No. 569) is

Peruvian Bark, bruised, one ounce and a half.
Orange Peel, do. one ounce.
Brandy, or Proof Spirit, one pint.

Let these ingredients steep for ten days, shaking the bottle every day--let it remain quiet two days--and then decant the clear liquor.

Dose--one teaspoonful in a wineglass of water, twice a day, when you feel languid, _i. e._ when the Stomach is empty, about an hour before Dinner, and in the Evening. Twenty grains of the Powder of Bark may be added to it occasionally.

To this agreeable Aromatic Tonic we are under personal obligations, for frequently putting our Stomach into good temper, and procuring us good Appetite and good Digestion.

In low Nervous affections, arising from a languid Circulation--and, when the Stomach is in a state of shabby debility from age--intemperance, or other causes--this is a most acceptable restorative.

N.B. TEA made with dried and bruised _Seville Orange Peel_, (in the same manner as common Tea,) and drank with milk and sugar, has been taken for Breakfast by _Nervous_ and _Dyspeptic_ persons with great benefit.

CHEWING a bit of _Orange Peel_ twice a day when the Stomach is empty, will be found very grateful, and strengthening to it.--

* * * * *

STOMACHIC TINCTURES.

Two ounces of CASCARILLA Bark (bruised)--or dried ORANGE PEEL,--or COLOMBA ROOT--infused for a fortnight in a pint of Brandy, will give you the Tinctures called by those names.

Dose--one or two teaspoonsful in a wine-glass of water.

* * * * *

TINCTURE OF CINNAMON, (No. 416*).

This excellent Cordial is made by pouring a bottle of genuine Cogniac (No. 471) on three ounces of bruised Cinnamon (Cassia will not do). This cordial restorative was more in vogue formerly, than it is now;--a teaspoonful of it, and a lump of Sugar, in a glass of good Sherry or Madeira, with the yolk of an Egg beat up in it--was called "_Balsamum Vitæ_."

"_Cur moriatur homo, qui sumit de Cinnamomo?_"--"Cinnamon is verie
comfortable to the Stomacke, and the principall partes of the
bodie."

"_Ventriculum, Jecur, Lienem Cerebrum, nervosque juvant et
roborat._"--"I reckon it a great treasure for a student to have by
him, in his closet, to take now and then a spoonfull."--COGAN'S
_Haven of Health_, 4to. 1584, p. 111.

_Obs._--Two teaspoonsful in a wineglass of water--are a present and pleasant remedy in Nervous Languors--and in relaxations of the Bowels--in the latter case five drops of Laudanum may be added to each dose.

* * * * *

SODA WATER, (No. 481*.)

The best way of producing agreeable _Pneumatic Punch_, as a learned Chemist has called this refreshing refrigerant, is to fill two half-pint Tumblers half full of Water,--stir into one 30 grains of _Carbonate of Potash_,--into the other 25 grains of _Citric[111] Acid_, (both being previously finely pounded,)--when the powders are perfectly dissolved--pour the contents of one tumbler into the other--and sparkling Soda Water is instantaneously produced.

To make DOUBLE SODA WATER, use double the quantity of the Powder.

_Single Soda Water_ is a delightful drink in sultry weather--and may be very agreeably flavoured by dissolving a little Raspberry or Red Currant Jelly in the Water, (before you add the Carbonate of Potash to it), or a little Tincture of Ginger, (No. 411,)--or Syrup of Ginger, (No. 394,)--or Syrup of Lemon Peel, (No. 393,)--or infuse a roll of fresh and thin-cut Lemon Peel, and a bit of Sugar in the water--or rub down a few drops of (No. 408,) with a bit of Lump Sugar, with or without a little grated Ginger;--a glass of Sherry or a tablespoonful of Brandy is sometimes added.

The addition of a teaspoonful of the TONIC TINCTURE (No. 569,) will give you a very refreshing Stomachic--and ten drops of _Tinct. Ferri Muriati_ put into the water in which you dissolve the Citric Acid--a fine effervescing Chalybeate.

_The day after a Feast_, if you feel fevered and heated, you cannot do better than drink a half-pint glass or two of _Single Soda Water_ between Breakfast and Dinner.

DOUBLE SODA WATER (especially if made with tepid water) is an excellent auxiliary to accelerate the operation of Aperient Medicine--and, if taken in the Morning fasting, will sometimes move the Bowels without further assistance.

If some good _Cogniac_ or Essence of Ginger (No. 411) be added to it, it is one of the best helps to set the Stomach to work--and remove the distressing languor which sometimes follows hard drinking.

* * * * *

ESSENCE OF GINGER, (No. 411).

The fragrant _aroma_ of Ginger is so extremely volatile, that it evaporates almost as soon as it is pounded--the fine Lemon peel _goût_ flies off presently.

If Ginger is taken to produce an immediate effect--to warm the Stomach--dispel Flatulence, &c., or as an addition to Aperient Medicine--the following is the best preparation of it:--

Steep three ounces of _fresh grated_ Ginger, and one ounce of fresh Lemon Peel, (cut thin) in a quart of Brandy--or Proof Spirit, for ten days, shaking it up each day.

N.B. TINCTURE OF ALLSPICE, which is sometimes called _Essence of Bishop_, for making _Mulled Wine_, _&c._ extempore, is prepared in the same manner.

* * * * *

GRUEL, (No. 252).

1st. Ask those who are to eat it, if they like it _THICK_ or _thin_; if the latter, mix well together by degrees, in a pint basin, _one_ tablespoonful of Oatmeal with three of cold water;--if the former, _two_ spoonsful.

Have ready, in a Stewpan, a pint of boiling water or milk--pour this by degrees to the Oatmeal you have mixed--return it into the Stewpan--set it on the fire--and let it boil for five minutes--stirring it all the time to prevent the Oatmeal from burning at the bottom of the Stewpan--skim--and strain it through a Hair Sieve.

2d. To convert this into CAUDLE--add a little Ale--Wine--or Brandy--with Sugar--and _if the Bowels are disordered_, a little Nutmeg or Ginger grated.

Gruel may be made with Broth[112] (No. 490,) or (No. 252,) or (No. 564,) instead of Water--(to make _Crowdie_, see No. 205*,)--and may be flavoured with _Sweet Herbs_--_Soup Roots_ and _Savoury Spices_--by boiling them for a few minutes in the water you are going to make the Gruel with--or ZEST (No. 255)--Pea Powder (No. 458)--or dried Mint--Mushroom Catsup (No. 439)--or a few grains of Curry Powder (No. 455)--or Savoury Ragout Powder (No. 457)--or Cayenne (No. 404)--or Celery Seed bruised--or Soup Herb Powder (No. 459)--or an Onion minced very fine and bruised in with the Oatmeal--or a little Eschalot Wine (No. 402)--or Essence of Celery (No. 409)--or (No. 413)--(No. 417)--or (No. 420), &c.

PLAIN GRUEL, such as is directed in the first part of this Recipe, is one of the best Breakfasts and Suppers that we can recommend to the rational Epicure;--is the most comforting soother of an irritable Stomach that we know--and particularly acceptable to it _after a hard day's work of Intemperate Feasting_--when the addition of half an ounce of Butter, and a teaspoonful of Epsom Salt will give it an aperient quality, which will assist the principal Viscera to get rid of their burden.

"_Water Gruel_" (says Tryon in his Obs. on Health, 16mo. 1688, p. 42,) is "the KING _of Spoon Meats_," and "the QUEEN _of Soups_," and gratifies nature beyond all others.

In the "_Art of Thriving_," 1697, p. 8, are directions for preparing Fourscore Noble and Wholesome Dishes, upon most of which _a Man may live excellent well for Twopence a_ _day_: the author's _Obs._ on _Water Gruel_ is, that "ESSENCE OF OATMEAL" makes "_a noble and exhilarating meal_!"

Dr. FRANKLIN'S favourite Breakfast was a good basin of warm Gruel, in which there was a small slice of Butter with Toasted Bread and Nutmeg--the expense of this, he reckoned at three half-pence.

"Mastication is a very necessary Preparation of solid Aliment, without which there can be no good Digestion."--The above are the first lines in ARBUTHNOT'S _Essay on Aliment_.

This first act of the important process of Digestion, is most perfectly performed, when the flavour, &c. of our Food is agreeable to our Taste;--we naturally detain upon our Palate those things which please it,--and the Meat we relish most, is consequently most broken down by chewing, and most intimately incorporated with the Saliva--this is the reason why what we desire most, we digest best.

Here, is a sufficient answer, to the Folios which have sprung from the Pens of cynical and senseless Scribblers--on whom Nature not having bestowed a Palate, they have proscribed those pleasures they had not Sense[113] to taste, or comprehend the wise purposes for which they were given to us, and

"Compound for Sins they are inclin'd to,
By damning those they have no mind to."

How large a share of the business of Digestion is managed by Mastication, has been shown by the experiments of _Spallanzani_[114].

To Chew long, and leisurely, is the only way to extract the essence of our food--to enjoy the taste of it, and to render it easily convertible into laudable Chyle, by the facility it gives to the gastric juices to dissolve it without trouble.

The pleasure of the _Palate_, and the health of the _Stomach_, are equally promoted by this salutary habit, which all should be taught to acquire in their infancy.

The more tender meat is, the more we may eat of it.--That which is most difficult to Chew, is of course most difficult to Digest.

From 30 to 40 (according to the tenderness of the meat) has been calculated as the mean number of Munches, that solid meat requires, to prepare it for its journey down _the Red Lane_; less will be sufficient for tender, delicate, and easily digestible white meats.

The sagacious _Gourmand_, will calculate this precisely,--and not waste his precious moments in useless Jaw-work, or invite an Indigestion by neglecting _Mastication_.

I cannot give any positive rules for this, it depends on the state of the Teeth[115]; every one, especially _the Dyspeptic_, ought to ascertain the condition of these useful working tools; and to use them with proportionate diligence, is an indispensable exercise which every rational Epicure will most cheerfully perform, who has any regard for the welfare of his Stomach[116].

It has been recommended, that those whose Teeth are defective, should mince their meat--this will certainly save trouble to both Teeth and Stomach--nevertheless, it is advisable, let the meat be minced ever so fine, to endeavour to mumble it into a pulp before it be introduced to the Stomach--on account of the advantage derived from its admixture with the SALIVA.

"By experiment, I determined the quantity of _Saliva_ secreted in half an hour, to be _whilst the parts were at rest_, four drachms,--whilst _eating_, five ounces four drachms."--STARK _on Diet_, p. 99.

MASTICATION is the source of all good Digestion;--_with its assistance_, almost any thing may be put into any stomach with impunity:--_without it_, Digestion is always difficult, and often impossible: and be it always remembered, it is not merely what we eat, but what we digest well, that nourishes us.

The sagacious _Gourmand_ is ever mindful of his motto--

"Masticate, Denticate, Chump, Grind, and Swallow."

The four first acts, he knows he must perform properly,--before he dare attempt the fifth.

Those who cannot enjoy a savoury morsel on account of their Teeth, or rather on account of the want of them, we refer to the note at the foot of p. 260, and also have the pleasure to inform them, that PATENT MASTICATORS are made by PALMER, _Cutler, in St. James's Street_.

To those who may inadvertently exercise their Masticative faculties on unworthy materials--or longer on worthy ones than nature finds convenient, we recommend "Peristaltic Persuaders." See page 235.

When either the _Teeth_ or _Stomach_ are extremely feeble, especial care must be taken _to keep Meat till it is tender_--before it is cooked--and call in the aid of the _Pestle_ and _Mortar_.--And see Nos. 10,--18,--87,--89,--175,--178; from 185 to 250,--502--542--and especially 503. Or dress in the usual way whatever is best liked--mince it--put it into a Mortar--and pound it with a little Broth or melted Butter,--Vegetable,--Herb,--Spice,--Zest, No. 255, &c.--according to the taste, &c. of the Eater.--The business of the Stomach is thus very materially facilitated.

"Mincing or Pounding Meat--saveth the grinding of the Teeth; and therefore (no doubt) is more nourishing, especially in Age,--or to them that have weak teeth; but Butter is not proper for weak bodies,--and therefore, moisten it in pounding with a little Claret Wine, and a very little Cinnamon or Nutmeg."--LORD BACON'S _Natural History_, Century 1.--54.

This is important Advice for those who are afflicted with "_Tic Douloureux_,"--the paroxysm of which is generally provoked by the exercise of Eating,--and the Editor has known that dreadful disorder cured by the Patient frequently taking food thus prepared in small portions, instead of a regular meal.

The TEETH should be cleaned after every meal with a "TOOTH PRESERVER," (_i. e._ a very soft brush,) and then rinsed with _tepid_ water--_never neglect this at night_;--nothing destroys the Teeth so fast as suffering food to stick between them--those who observe this rule, will seldom have any occasion for _Dentifrices_--_Essences of Ivory_--_Indurating Liquid Enamels_, _&c._

But it is the rage just now with some Dentists, to recommend Brushes so hard, that they fetch Blood like a Lancet wherever they touch; and instead of "_Teeth Preservers_," these should rather be termed "_Gum Bleeders_."

Not even a Philosopher can endure the TOOTHACH patiently--what an overcoming agony then it must be to a _Grand Gourmand_!--depriving him of the means of enjoying an amusement which to him is the grand solace for all sublunary cares.--To alleviate, and indeed generally to cure this intolerable pain--we recommend

_Toothache and Anti-rheumatic Embrocation_, (No. 567.)

Sal Volatile--three parts.
Laudanum--one part.

Mix and rub the part in pain therewith frequently. If the Tooth which aches is hollow, drop some of this on a bit of cotton, and put it into the Tooth,--if the pain does not abate within an hour--take out the cotton, and put another piece in--changing it every hour four or five times, till the pain ceases.

In a general Face-ach, or sore Throat--moisten a piece of flannel with it and put it to the part affected,--rub any part afflicted with Rheumatism night and morning, and in the middle of the day. I have frequently cured old and inveterate Rheumatic affections with this Liniment.

INDEX.

Actors, Hints to, concerning their Health, 96

Ale, 11, 144
Stale ditto, how to make fresh, 11

Abernethy, Mr., quoted, 9, 41, 49, 102, 159, 178, 238

Abstinence, cheapest Cure for Intemperance, 159

Athletic weight, what, 59

Air, on the change of, 8
Do. Note at foot of 66
Stagnant, Dr. Struve's Obs. on, 114
General Obs. on change of, &c., 119
not always advisable 121

Animal Food, 10

Alcohol, proportion of, in Wines, Brandy, Gin, &c., 138
Dr. Philips's Obs. on 145

Arbuthnot, Dr., quoted, 1, 19
Obs. on Mastication 250

Anxiety of Mind, Evils arising from, 85 to 87
Do. Sir John Sinclair on, Note to, 86
Do. Dr. Whytt, do., 86
Do. Sir Thomas Barnard, do., 86
Do. Dr. Colton, do., 86

Appetite, to refresh, 163
Three Sorts of, in Note to, 163
Varieties of, 169
Montaigne's Obs. on, 200

Aperients, what the best, 215
what they ought to do, 219
Lord Bacon's Obs, 219
Mr. Locke's do., 221
Dr. Hamilton's do., 221
best time to introduce them to the Stomach, 235
for Children, 237

Astringents, 232

Bacon, Lord, his Obs. on Aperients, 219
on Food for those whose Teeth are defective, 263

Barclay, Captain, quoted, 3, 7
his Diet during his extraordinary walk, 13

Balsamum Vitæ, 97

Brown, Dr., his Obs. on the Materia Medica, &c., 5

Bath, tepid, 126

Brain, the two ways of fertilizing, 68

Bed Room, 90
Curtains, 91

Bed, best, 91
ventilated, 92
Do. in hot weather, 92
A Fire in, 93
Clothes, 103
Ditto, ditto, in cold weather, 104

Beef, 10, 22, 31
eaters preferred to Sheep-biters, 29
Tea, how to make, 96, 182
a good Tonic, 182
on the digestibility of, 177
Obs. on, by Bryan Robinson. By the Editor. By Mr. Astley Cooper,
177

Beer, 11, 23, 28, 144

Breakfast, 20
Do. of Beef Tea recommended after hard drinking, 161
of Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1550, 184
of a Washerwoman in A.D. 1821, 184

Bread, Liquid, 144
Crust of, wonderful virtues of, 169

Broils, 26

Broths, in what degree nutritive, 30
excellent Mutton, 254

Breath, _Rose Jujubes_ for those who have not a remarkable sweet,
234

Blumenbach on the Pulse, 45

Bowels, constipated, how to regulate, 220
relaxed, do., 228

Braces, 111

Bons Vivants, hint to, 122
Do. do., 207 and 208

Brandy, how much it wastes in keeping, 135
where to buy it, 141

Bilious Attack, 172
Disorders, 238

Bishop, Essence of, 248

Bouillon, Tablettes de, 179
Do. how to make, 251

Cadogan, Dr., Address to him quoted, 169
quoted, 83

Calcavella Wine, 154

Calomel, 242

Cellar, the temperature of a good, 133
on the management of, 134

Cheyne, Dr., quoted, 87, 216

Corpulency, to reduce, 29, 50, 64
Authors who have written thereon, 64
by walking, 62
by fasting, 62
by purging, 62
Panacea for, 125

Customs, 17
Dr. Armstrong's Obs. on. Struve's do., 65

Crabs, 30

Colton, his Obs. on Intemperance, 34

Cornaro, a compendium of his system in his own words, 38
liked New Wine, 136

Cold Food and Drink, bad for the Dyspeptic and Gouty, 94

Cold, the frequent cause of Palsy, 113
an easy way to get rid of one, 117

Chronic Disorders, common cause of, 63
importance of Regimen in, 202

Cooper, Mr. Astley, quoted 177

Condiments, the excessive use of common, 210

Chimney Sweeping, 81
Boards, 91

Clothes, 103
how to adjust them to a nicety, 104
Disorders arising from change of, 106
J. Stewart's Obs. on, 106
tight and thin very injurious, 110

Coat, 106
Great one, where to keep, 110

Corks, Obs. on, 134

Cosmetic, 125

Crowdie, 250

Curaçoa, 141
how to make, 150

Cucumber, how to eat, 171

Claret, 153

Cheese, 171

Chyle, Dr. Moore's Obs. on the, 212
Sir John Sinclair's do., 213

Cinnamon Lozenges, aperient, 224
Tincture, 233
how to make, 244

Cramp in the Stomach, remedy for, 189

Costiveness, habitual, how to cure, 222
Do. by a Supper or Breakfast, 224
Do. by Grapes, 224
Do. fresh or dried Fruits, 224
Do. Cinnamon or Ginger Lozenges, 224
Do. Salad Oil, &c., 225

Darwin, Dr., quoted, 178

Diet, a general rule for, 33
The proportion of Meat to Drink, 57
Facts relative to, 213

Death, sudden in the night, a common cause of, 193

Digestibility of various Foods, 176

Digestion, the process of, how long about, 176
Spallanzani's Obs. thereon, 176
when it goes on merrily, 203
how exquisitely perfect in Children, 208

Dinner, 21 to 24
a Ban Yan, 24
best time for, 179
Hour of, A.D. 1570, 183
Dr. Cogan's Obs. on, 183
Mr. Warner's do., 183
Mr. Pye's do., 183
in the Northumberland Household Book for A.D. 1512, 184
Hour of in 1821, Verses on, 186
at Night, and Supper in the Morning, 186

Dining out, 114 & 153
bad effects from, 191

Doors, double, 91

Dogs, 80

Dyspeptic Disorders, the common cause of, 38
Do., 83
Persons should have warm Food, 94 & 95
when extreme, remedy for, 164
Hint to, 260

Drinkers, three sorts of, 141
Thermometer for, 142
Hints for hard, 162
Do., 164

Drinking, the Economy of, 144

Diarrhœa, 228
Rules for those subject to, 230

Eating, good, 172

Ear, instance of a fine one, 47

Edmonds, Mr. the Dentist 260

Eggs, how nutritive, 30

Ennui, remedy for, 73

Exercise, the indispensable importance of, 8
Mr. Abernethy on, 9
Dr. Cheyne, 9
must be increased, &c., 33
Neglect of, the great cause of Indigestion, 38
Obs. on the importance of, 122
Do. by Cowper, 122
Do. by Armstrong, 122
Do. by Dr. Cadogan, 123
Do. Sir Chas. Scarborough, 123

English Melodies, 233

Epicurism, Dr. Swift's Obs. on, 185

Eudiometer, 120

Economy of Drinking, 144

Epsom Salt, 217
the most agreeable way to take it, 218

Essence of Meat, how to obtain, 251
Oatmeal, 256

Fat, what makes animals, 64

Fasting a day, effect of, 62
too long, the bad effects of, and how to avoid them, 175, 180,
182

Feasting, intemperate, to remove the disorders arising from, 160

Falconer, Dr. quoted, 25

Fish not so nutritive as Flesh, 29 and 30
Shell, do., 30

Forty-Winks, a nap of, 23

Forty, a Man at, 199

Food, what easiest of Digestion, 26
Test of the relative restorative powers of Meat, Poultry, and
Fish, 28
Scale of, do., 28
Gelatinous, 30
what most invigorating, 31, 32
the Editor's own experience, 31
how important to Health, &c., 49
for those whose Teeth are defective, 263

Flannel Waistcoats, 106

Franklin, Dr. his Economical Project, 75

Fashionable Society, disorders of, 83

Fitzgerald, Mr. quoted, 84

Flatulence, the common cause of,
and how to prevent and remove it, 99, 172, and 175

Feet, when cold, 108
should be kept very clean, 126

Fire, on the management of a, 113
plan of lighting, 117

Garters, 111

Goose roasted, how invigorating, 29
the Latin for it, 171

Grog, the strength of, 89

Gruel, various ways of making and flavouring, 248
Tryon's Obs. on, 255

Gin, proportion of Spirit in, 139

Ginger Lozenges, 173
Aperient, 224

Ginger, Tincture of, how to make,
preferable and more convenient than the powder, 247

Gourmand's motto, 262

Gum-bleeders, 264

Hatching, 68

Health, Happiness, and Longevity, Pope's recipe for, 42

Heat, external, promotes Digestion, 158 and 159

Heartburn, remedy for, 161

Heart, palpitation of, 173

Horizontal Refreshment, 23

Heberden, Dr. his Obs. on Regimen, 198

Hunter, J. on digestibility of dressed and raw Meats, 27

Hunger, 180

Heidelburgh Tun, 131

Hours, early one's, how Healthful, 74
late, the bane of the delicate and nervous, 75

Huffeland quoted, 126

Jackson, Mr. teacher of Sparring, 51

Jameson, Dr. quoted, 35

Ice after Dinner, 167

Jones, Sir William, his Andrometer, 36

Jellies, in what degree nutritive, 30

Jockey, to waste one, 29

Inebriation, how to relieve the indispositions arising from, 160
when doubly debilitating, 162

Indigestion, 48
common cause of, 38
how to relieve, 157
Do. when extreme, 164
often caused by Anxiety of Mind, 172
Daubenton recommends Ipecacuanha for, 189

Ivanhoe, the preface to it quoted, 98

Johnson, his Curaçoa, 98, 141
Brandy, &c., 141

Irish Whiskey, 149

Intemperance, how to cure the Chronic complaints occasioned by it,
58

Instinct, the best guide in the choice of Aliment, 198
Dr. Heberden's Obs. on, 198
Mr. Abernethy, do., 198
from Domestic Management, 199
from Evylyn, 200
from Young, 200
from Montaigne, 200
from Dr. W. Hunter, 200
from J. Hunter, 201
from Dr. Armstrong, 201
from Dr. Smith, 201
from Dr. Adair, 201
from Dr. Withers, 202
from Dr. Sydenham, 202
from Spectator, 202
from Dr. Mandeville, 203

Kitchiner, Dr. quoted, 47

Life, how to live all the Days of, 2 and 42
the Meridian of, 17, 43
divided into Three Stages, 33 and 34
calculation showing the rate of Self-Consumption, 44
Do. of the expectations of, at various ages, 45
Do. note at foot of p., 83
what the great Art of, 67
Literary men, not long-lived, 69
a country, 82

Lavement, 228

Lettsom, Dr. his moral and physical Thermometer, 142

Lemon Peel, how to make Quintessence of, 218

Lip, under, plump and rosy, the most certain criterion of Health,
15

Liver, how to render Healthful, 63
Complaints, 239

Liver, Mr. Carlisle's Observations on, 239

Lobsters, 30

Locke, Mr. quoted, 221

Liquid Bread, 144

Luncheon, 21, 175

Lungs, 121

Longings, especially in Acute Diseases, 202
Withers' Obs. on, 202

LOZENGES, 60 sorts made by Mr. Smith,
Fell Street, Wood Street, Cheapside, 234

Magnesia, an uncertain Medicine, 161

Mastication, how important to Digestion, 88
Dr. Arbuthnot Obs. on, 256
Spallanzani ditto, 258
calculation of the mean number of Munches requisite, 259

Masticators, patent, where to buy, 262

Mathematical Valetudinarian, a calculation of, 18

Mattress, of Horse-hair, 91

Matrimony, 70
best ages for, 70

Meat _under_-done, 27
_over_-done, 27
thoroughly done most digestible, 27
Essence of, 251
Minced, recommended by Lord Bacon, 263

Mercury, Obs. on, 240

Measure, Lyne's glass, 129

Madeira, 134
Obs., 154

Mind, how important tranquillity of, 9
the vigour of, decays with that of the Body, 50
exertion of, more exhausting than that of the Body, 66, 67, and 87
Anxiety of, paralyses Digestion, 67
Anxiety of, a common cause of Indigestion, 172

Mellifluous Aromatics, 234

Mutton, 10-22
Digestibility of, 177
Chops, delicately stewed, 254
Broth, excellent, 254

Midnight, one hour's rest before, worth two after, 74

Mock Turtle recommended, 206
Birch's ditto, 206
Kay's ditto, 206

Mountain Wine, 154

Mulled Wine, to make extempore, 248

Nap of 40 winks, 69

Noisy Neighbours, hints to, 76 to 82
Actionable Nuisances, 80

Nervous Disorders, 83
Dr. Whytt's Obs. on, 181
people should keep a register of their Health, 197

Nightmare, chief cause of, 87
Obs. on, 189 and following pages.
the Editor's case of, 190
remedies for, 192, 193
Dr. Whytt's case of, 194
Mr. Waller's Essay on, 195

Northumberland Household Book, 185

Oysters, 30
not so nutritive as supposed, 30, 171

Opium, Obs. on, 88
Lozenges, 233

Orange Peel, for nervous people, 243

Palpitation of the Heart, the cause and cure of, 173
Do. oftener arises from Indigestion, than from Organic Disease,
173

Pocket Pistol, how to charge a, 182

Parkins, Sir Thomas, preferred Beef-Eaters to Sheep-Biters, 91

Parliament, hints to Members of, 179

Portable Soup, 249

Party-Walls, their thinness, 76

Peppermint Lozenges, 99, 173, 233

Peptic Precepts, 156

Prawns, 30

Perspiration, the panacea for Corpulence, 125

Pulse, an uncertain Index, 16
Scale of its pace at various ages, 45
when languid, 73

Peck, Mr., his Geographie de la Gourmandise, 185

Piano-Fortes, 80

Position, the influence of, in alleviating Disease, 97

Port, the contents of a Pipe of, 130
Obs. on, 137
how to purchase, 140

Purgatives, bad effects of violent, 157
Ditto, 240
Ditto, 241

Peristaltic Persuaders, 215, 219
how to make, 235
when to take, 227, 236
for Children, 237

Pills, the advantages of, 216

Ragout, a restorative, when advisable, 204

Regimen, Dr. Heberden's Obs. on, 198
Dr. Armstrong's Do., 213
Celsus' Do., 215
Dr. Arbuthnot's Do., 215
importance in chronic Complaints, 202

Restorative, Extempore, 206

Ratcliffe, Dr., quoted, 172

Riding, useful to reduce Corpulence, 52

Robinson, Dr. Bryan, extract from his Essay on Food and Discharges,
56
his own regimen, 58

Rhubarb, tincture of, to make, 217

Rhubarb Pill, recommended by Dr. Pemberton, 220

Rheumatism, remedy for, 265

Ruptures, 112

Relaxed Bowels, 228
Locke on, 228
Cheyne on, 229

Salad Oil, remedy for Constipation, 225

Salt, the best Sauce, 210

Sanctorius, the proportion of his Meat to his Drink, 57

Sauces recommended by Dr. Moffet, 208

Siesta, the, 68
recommended, 94
Do. by Sanctorius, 101
Do. Cruickshank, 101
Do. Dr. Darwin, 102
Do. Dr. Harwood, 102
Do. Dr. Adair, 102
Do. Mr. Abernethy, 102
Do. Eng. Proverb, 103
Do. Waller, 103
Do. Lord Bacon, 103

Semi-Siesta, 23, 101

Senna, tincture of, 217

Second Courses, Obs. on, 167

Scribblefast, Counsellor, his case, 78

Shell Fish, 30

Scudamore, Dr., quoted, 177

Sleep, 12 to 65
Struve, Dr., Obs. on the importance of, 71
time required to, 73
Dr. Cheyne's remark on, note to, 87
Exercise, the best source of it, 88
other means of inviting it, 88

Senses, few people have one perfect, 257
Mr. Stewart's division of, into noxious and innocent, 257

Supper, 24
the best for those who dine late, 24
Do. for those who dine early, 24
Obs. on its influence on Sleep, 87
Obs. on a solid one, 88

Supper, best for the Dyspeptic, 90
in the Morning, 186

Singers, hints respecting their Health, 96

Stark, his experiments on Diet, 29
Obs. on the Saliva, 261

Sparring, the exercise of recommended, 52
weight reduced during an hour, 55

Salads, 167

Soup, how to season, 163
Mock Turtle, 206
of Rattle Snakes, 214
Portable, to make, 249

Sun-shine preferred by Dr. Franklin to Candle-light, 75

Stock Fish, recommended by Dr. Mandeville, 207

Skin, the, 125

Sherry, the contents of a Butt of, 130
analysed for the Editor, 138
Obs. on, 154

Scotch and Irish Whiskey, 149

Soda Water, various ways of making, 245
Obs. on, 167

Stomach Warmers, where to be had, 158
how much it will hold, note under, 158
must occasionally have a Holiday, 163
centre of Sympathy, 165
Wind in the, 173
put out of temper by fasting too long, 182
Dr. Hunter says, tells the Head what it wants, 200
Dr. Smith Do., 201
Dr. Adair Do., 201
let it have what it asks for, 203
Dr. Whytt's Obs. on how much its disposition, &c. varies, 204
of Invalids require screwing up, 208
Cheyne's Obs. on the importance of a clean one, 216

Stomachic Tinctures, 244

Spice and Wine, 207

Spasms in Stomach, how to manage, 173, 189

Smith, Mr., his 60 sorts of Lozenges, 234

Stewart, John, the traveller, his Obs. on Clothes, 106
Do. on the Senses, 257

Spallanzani quoted, 258

Sweet Wines, 154

Tar Water, 242

Temperature, to preserve that of a room regular, 115
best for sitting rooms, 116
the influence of in alleviating Disease, 94
the mean of England, 108
Observations, &c., 113

Thermometers, where to be placed, 105

Tent Wine, 154

Training, Captain Barclay's Obs. on, 3
Do. quoted, 7
principal rules for, 7
rules, 9
Diet ordered, 10
time required to screw a Man up to his fullest strength, 14
Criterions of Good Condition, 15
first preparation for, 18
on the mode of Cookery, &c. most invigorating, 25
Food must be taken warm, 26
Do., and thoroughly done, 27
John Hunter's Obs. on Do., 27
Spallanzani, experiment to prove it, 27
diet in wasting a Jockey, 29

Teeth, to take care of, 260
the value of, 261
Food for those whose Teeth are defective, 263
Preservers, 264
Ache, remedy for, 265

Tic Douloureux, 264

Tewahdiddle, 89

Tongue of Pityllus, 210

Time, the Economy of, 69

Tonic Medicines, 182, 219
Tincture, 242

Toast and Water, to make, 230

Tablettes de Bouillon, how to make, 251

Thriving, the art of, quoted, 255

Valetudinarians, maxim for, from Comus, 72

Vegetables, undressed, 171

Voice, when the falsetto begins to fail, 47
what the power of depends upon, 99

Ventriloquism, 173, 200

Vinum Britannicum, 144

Wadd on Corpulency, 29

Waistbands, 111

Walking, how it reduces weight, 62

Water-Cresses, 171

Water-drinking, the advantages of, 147

Weather, wet, 108

Wesley, Mr. Chas., his extraordinary Ear, 47

Windows, Double, 91
Curtains, 91

Wine, 127
ounces in a Quart of, 128
how to measure the contents of a bottle of, 128, 129
Port, how old it ought to be, 132
the art of preserving, 133
White, why preferable to Red, 133, 153
when to bottle, 133
New, objection to, 135
Do. to make old, 136
Cornaro, Obs. on old, 136
proportion of Alcohol in, 138
Do. to Brandy, 138
Do. in Gin, 139
recommended by St. Paul, 143
Iceing Wine, 143
no man must drink it habitually before 30, 147
Do. Dr. Trotter's Obs. on, 147
silly rule of some people about drinking, 148
the relative wholesomeness of, 151
only three sorts of Wine, note under, 151
three sorts of drinkers, 141
Sweet Wines, Tent, &c., how made, 154
Vinum Britannicum, 144
Writers on, a list of, 154

Whiskey, 149

Wind in the Stomach, 173

Whytt, Dr., quoted, 181
his case of night-mare, 194

Wholesomes, the, 207

Worms, remedies for, 240

Young, his Obs. on Sleep, 65

THE END.

J. MOYES, GREVILLE STREET, LONDON.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] The advantages of the training system are not confined to pedestrians and pugilists alone--they extend to every man; and were training generally introduced instead of medicines, as an expedient for the prevention and cure of diseases, its beneficial consequences would promote his happiness and prolong his life. "Our Health, Vigour, and Activity, must depend upon regimen and exercise; or, in other words, upon the observance of those rules which constitute the theory of the training process."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 239.

"It has been made a question, whether Training produces a _lasting_, or only a _temporary_ effect on the constitution? It is undeniable, that if a man be brought to a better condition; if corpulency, and the impurities of his body disappear; and if his wind and strength be improved by any process whatever, his good state of health will continue, until some derangement of his frame shall take place from accidental or natural causes. If he shall relapse into intemperance, or neglect the means of preserving his health, either by omitting to take the necessary exercise, or by indulging in debilitating propensities, he must expect such encroachments to be made on his constitution, as must soon unhinge his system. But if he shall observe a different plan--the beneficial effects of the training process will remain until the gradual decay of his natural functions shall, in mature old age, intimate the approach of his dissolution."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 240.

[2] See the 338th aphorism in COULTON'S _Lacon_. 1820. 5th Edition.

[3] "Besides his usual or regular Exercise, a person under training ought to employ himself, in the intervals, in every kind of exertion which tends to activity, such as cricket, bowls, throwing quoits, &c. that during the whole day, both body and mind may be constantly occupied."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 231.

"The nature of the disposition of the person trained should also be known, that every cause of irritation may be avoided; for, as it requires great patience and perseverance to undergo training, every expedient to soothe and encourage the mind should be adopted."--CAPT. BARCLAY _on Training_, p. 237.

[4] Forty years ago, Balls, &c. used to begin in the Evening, _i. e._ at seven, and end at Night, _i. e._ twelve; now it is _extremely ungenteel_ to begin before Midnight, or finish till the Morning.

[5] "The Studious, the Contemplative, the Valetudinary, and those of weak nerves--if they aim at Health and Long Life, must make Exercise in a good air, a part of their Religion."--CHEYNE _on Long Life_, p. 98.

"Whenever circumstances would permit, I have recommended patients to take as much exercise as they could, short of producing fatigue; to live much in the open air; and, if possible, not to suffer their minds to be agitated by anxiety or fatigued by exertion."--p. 90.

"I do not allow the state of the weather to be urged as an objection to the prosecution of measures so essential to Health, since it is in the power of every one to protect themselves from cold by clothing, and the exercise may be taken in a chamber with the windows thrown open, by actively walking backwards and forwards, as sailors do on ship-board."--p. 93. See ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_. 1817.

[6] One of the invariable consequences of training is to increase the solidity, and diminish the frequency of the alvine exoneration, and persons become costive as they improve in condition:--if this disposition takes place to an inconvenient degree,--see _Peptic Precepts_, _Index_.

[7] "Animal Food being composed of the most nutritious parts of the food on which the animal lived, and having been already digested by the proper organs of an animal--requires only solution and mixture--whereas vegetable food must be converted into a substance of an animal nature by the proper action of our own viscera, and consequently requires more labour of the stomach, and other digestive organs."--BURTON _on the Non-Naturals_, p. 213.

[8] The following was the Food taken by Capt. Barclay in his most extraordinary walk of 1000 miles in 1000 successive hours, June 1, 1809. "He _Breakfasted_ after returning from his walk, at five in the morning. He ate a roasted Fowl, and drank a pint of strong Ale, and then took two cups of Tea with Bread and Butter.

"He _Lunched_ at twelve; the one day on Beef Steaks, and the other on Mutton Chops, of which he ate a considerable quantity.

"He _Dined_ at six, either on Roast Beef, or Mutton Chops. His drink was Porter, and two or three glasses of wine.

"He _Supped_ at eleven, on a cold fowl. He ate such vegetables as were in season; and the quantity of Animal food he took daily, was from five to six pounds."--See _Pedestrianism_, p. 6.

"_His style of Walking is_ to bend forward the body, and to throw its weight on the knees. His step is short, and his feet are raised only a few inches from the ground. Any person who will try this plan, will find that his pace will be quickened, at the same time he will walk with more ease to himself, and be better able to endure the fatigue of a long journey, than by walking in a posture perfectly erect, which throws too much of the weight of the body on the ankle-joints. He always uses thick-soled shoes, and lamb's wool stockings. It is a good rule to shift the stockings frequently during the performance of a long distance; but it is indispensably requisite to have shoes with thick soles, and so large, that all unnecessary pressure on the feet may be avoided."--p. 208.

[9] "According to the force of the Chylopoetic Organs, a larger or less quantity of Chyle may be abstracted from the same quantity of Food."--ARBUTHNOT _on Aliment_, p. 24.

[10] "Nothing comes to perfection under a stated period of growth; and till it attains this, it will, of course, afford inferior nutriment. Beef and Mutton are much easier of digestion, and more nutritious, than Veal or Lamb. If the flesh of Mutton and Lamb, Beef and Veal, are compared, they will be found of a different texture, the two young meats of a more stringy indivisible nature than the others, which makes them harder of digestion."--_Domestic Management_, 12mo. 1813. p. 151.

[11] "_A 40 Winks Nap_," in an Horizontal posture, is the most reviving preparative for any great exertion of either the Mind or the Body;--to which it is as proper an _Overture_ as it is a _Finale_.--See _Siesta_, Index.

[12] "Few persons, even in the best health, can, without disgust, bear to be confined to a peculiar food, or way of living, for any length of time, (which is a strong argument that variety of food is natural to mankind); and if so,--the debilitated stomachs of Valetudinarians cannot be expected to be less fastidious."--FALCONER _on Diet_, p. 8.

[13] "It appears from my experiments, that _boiled_, and _roasted_, and even _putrid_ meat, is easier of digestion than _raw_."--See J. HUNTER _on the Animal Economy_, p. 220.

[14] "Newmarket affords abundant proofs, how much may be done by training; Jockies sometimes reduce themselves a Stone and a half in a week."--WADD _on Corpulency_, 8vo. 1816.--p. 35.

[15] "A Dog was fed on the _Richest Broth_, yet could not be kept alive; while another, which had only the _Meat boiled to a Chip_, (and water), throve very well. This shows the folly of attempting to nourish Men by concentrated Soups, Jellies, &c."--SINCLAIR'S _Code of Health_.

If this experiment be accurate--what becomes of the theoretic visions of those who have written about Strengthening Jellies, Nourishing Broths, &c.?

[16] "The excesses of our Youth, are drafts upon our old Age, payable with interest, about twenty years after date."--COLTON'S _Lacon_. 5th Edition, 1820. p. 51.

[17]
The Teeth are renewed at the 7th year.
Puberty arrives at twice seven 14.
Full stature at three times seven 21.
The vigour of growth at four times seven 28.
The greatest vigour of Body and Mind at five times seven 35.
The commencement of decay at six times seven 42.
General Decay, and decrease of energy, at seven times seven 49.
Old Age at eight times seven 56.
And the grand climacteric of the Ancients at nine times seven 63.

Dr. JAMESON _on the Changes of the Human Body_, p. 31.

[18] "Cornaro found that as the powers of his stomach declined with the powers of Life in general, that it was necessary that he should diminish the quantity of his food; and by so doing, he retained to the last the feelings of Health."--ABERNETHY'S _Surg. Obs._ p. 71.

[19] And for Culinary Operators from 25 to 40. Before the former, they can hardly accumulate sufficient experience; and after the latter, they every day lose a portion of their "_bon goût_" and activity.

[20] See his sensible Essay on the Changes of the Human Body at different Ages. 8vo. 1811.--p. 89.

[21]
"The Pulse in the new-born Infant, while
placidly sleeping, is about 140 in a minute.
Towards the end of the first Year 124
Towards the end of the second Year 110
Towards the end of the third and fourth Years 96
When the first Teeth drop out 86
At Puberty 80
At Manhood 75
At Sixty, about 60"

BLUMENBACH'S _Physiology_, p. 40.

The expectations of Life are thus calculated by De Moivre--Subtract the age of the person from 86, half the remainder will be the expectation of that Life.

[22] See the history of a case of Spectacles, &c. in page 61 of Dr. KITCHINER'S _Practical Observations on Telescopes, Opera Glasses, &c._--Third Edition.

[23] "In proportion as the powers of the Stomach are weak, so ought we to diminish the quantity of our food, and take care that it be as nutritive, and as easy of digestion as possible."--ABERNETHY'S _Surgical Observations_, p. 67.