Chapter XVIII: Appendix: I

+------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------+---------------+
| | England. | France. | The Empire. | Spain. | The Papacy. |
+------+------------------+------------+---------------+------------+---------------+
|1598. |Elizabeth. |Henry IV. |Rudolf II. |Philip III. |Clement VIII. |
|1603. |James I. | | | | |
|1604. | | | | | |
|1605. | | | | |Paul V. |
|1608. | | | | | |
|1610. | |Louis XIII. | | | |
|1611. | | | | | |
|1612. | | |Matthias. | | |
|1617. | | | | | |
|1618. | | | | | |
|1619. | | |Ferdinand II. | | |
|1621. | | | |Philip IV. |Gregory XV. |
|1622. | | | | | |
|1623. | | | | | |
|1624. | | | | |Urban VIII. |
|1625. |Charles I. | | | | |
|1632. | | | | | |
|1637. | | |Ferdinand III. | | |
|1640. | | | | | |
|1643. | |Louis XIV. | | | |
| | | d. 1715.· | | | |
|1644. | | | | |Innocent X. |
|1645. | | | | | |
|1648. | | | | | |
|1649. |The Commonwealth. | | | | |
|1654. | | | | | |
|1655. | | | | |Alexander VII. |
|1658. | | |Leopold I. | | |
|1660. |Charles II. | | | | |
|1665. | | | |Charles II. | |
|1667. | | | | |Clement IX. |
|1670. | | | | |Clement X. |
|1676. | | | | |Innocent XI. |
|1682. | | | | | |
|1685. |James II. | | | | |
|1687. | | | | | |
|1688. |William III. | | | | |
|1689. | | | | |Alexander VII. |
|1691. | | | | |Innocent XII. |
|1695. | | | | | |
|1697. | | | | | |
|1699. | | | | | |
|1700. | | | |Philip V. |Clement XI. |
| | | | | d. 1746.· | d. 1724. |
|1702. |Anne. | | | | |
|1703. | | | | | |
|1705. | | |Joseph I. | | |
|1711. | | |Charles VI. | | |
| | | | d. 1742. | | |
|1713. | | | | | |
|1714. |George I. | | | | |
| | d. 1727. | | | | |

-------------------+------------------+-----------------+--------------+--------------+------
Brandenburg. | Sweden. | Russia. | Turkey. | Denmark. |
-------------------+------------------+-----------------+--------------+--------------+------
Joachim Frederick. |Sigismond of |Boris Godunoff. | Mohammed III.|Christian IV. | 1598.
| Poland. | | | |
| | | Achmet. | | 1603.
|Charles IX. | | | | 1604.
| |The Troublous | | | 1605.
| | Times. | | |
John Sigismund. | | | | | 1608.
| | | | | 1610.
|Gustavus Adolphus.| | | | 1611.
| |Michael Romanoff.| | | 1612.
| | | Mustapha I. | | 1617.
| | | Osman II. | | 1618.
George William. | | | | | 1619.
| | | | | 1621.
| | | Mustapha I. | | 1622.
| | | (restored). | |
| | | Murad IV. | | 1623.
| | | | | 1624.
| | | | | 1625.
|Christina. | | | | 1632.
| | | | | 1637.
Frederick William. | | | Ibrahim. | | 1640.
| | | | | 1643.
| | | | |
| | | | | 1644.
| |Alexis. | | | 1645.
| | | Mohammed IV. |Frederick III.| 1648.
| | | | | 1649
|Charles X. | | | | 1654.
| | | | | 1655.
| | | | | 1658.
|Charles XI. | | | | 1660.
| | | | | 1665.
| | | | | 1667.
| | | |Christian V. | 1670.
| |Theodore. | | | 1676.
| |Peter and Ivan | | | 1682.
| | | | | 1685.
| | | Suleiman II. | | 1687.
Frederick III. | | | | | 1688.
| |Peter the Great. | | | 1689.
| | d. 1724. | | |
| | | Achmet II. | | 1691.
| | | Mustapha II. | | 1695.
|Charles XII. | | | | 1697.
| d. 1720. | | | |
| | | |Frederick IV. | 1699.
| | | | d. 1730. |
| | | | | 1700.
| | | | |
| | | | | 1702.
| | | Achmet III. | | 1703.
| | | deposed 1727.| |
| | | | | 1705.
| | | | | 1711.
| | | | |
Frederick William. | | | | | 1713.
d. 1740. | | | | |
| | | | | 1714.