Chapter LII: Appendix: I (3)

_A._ The generator is mounted on the right hand side of the engine and bolted to the cylinder front end cover. It is operated by the pinion on the armature shaft engaging with the large time gear. The charging rate of the generator is set so as to cut in at engine speeds corresponding to ten miles per hour in high speed and reaches a maximum charging rate at twenty miles per hour. At higher speeds the charge will taper off, which is a settled characteristic of battery charging. This operation of cutting in and cutting out at suitable speeds is accomplished by the cut-out, which is mounted on the dash. This cut-out is set properly at the factory and should not under any circumstances be tampered with.

_Q._ What about oiling?

_A._ The starting motor is lubricated by the Ford splash system, the same as the engine and the transmission. The generator is lubricated by a splash of oil from the time gears. In addition an oil cup is located at the end of the generator housing and a few drops of oil should be applied occasionally.

_Q._ What should be done when repairing the ignition?

_A._ The introduction of a battery current into the magneto will discharge the magnets and whenever repairing the ignition system or tampering with the wiring in any way, do not fail to disconnect the positive wire from the battery. The end of this wire should be wound with tape to prevent its coming in contact with the ignition system or metal parts of the car.

_Q._ How does the charging indicator work?

_A._ The charging indicator is located on the instrument board. This indicator registers “charge” when the generator is charging the battery and “discharge” when the lights are burning and the engine not running above ten miles per hour. At an engine speed of 15 miles per hour or more the indicator should show a reading of from 10 to 12 even with the lights burning. If the engine is running above 15 miles per hour and the indicator does not show “charge,” first inspect the terminal posts on the indicator, making sure that the connections are tight, then disconnect the wire from the terminal on generator, and with the engine running at a moderate speed, take a pair of pliers or a screw driver and short circuit the terminal stud on the generator to the generator housing. If the generator is O.K., a good live spark will be noted. (Do not run the engine any longer than is necessary with the terminal wire disconnected.) Next inspect the wiring from the generator through the charging indicator to the battery for a break in the insulation that would result in a short circuit.

_Q._ How are the lights operated?

_A._ The lighting system consists of two 2-bulb headlights and a tail light operated by a combination lighting and ignition switch located on the instrument board. The large bulbs are of 6-8 candle-power type. The small bulbs of 6-8 volt two candle-power type. The small bulb is also used in the tail light. All of the lamps are connected in parallel so that the burning out or removal of any one of them will not effect the other. Current for the lamps is supplied by the battery. Do not connect the lights with the magneto as it will result in burning out the bulbs and might discharge the magnets.

_Q._ What about repairing starter and generator?

_A._ If either the starter or generator fails to give proper service, the owner should at once consult an authorized Ford dealer. If the trouble is not found in the wiring, connections, etc., as outlined, the dealer will remove the starter or generator, or both if necessary, and return them intact to the nearest branch for repair or replacement. Dealers or owners should not attempt to repair or tamper in any way with the mechanism of the starter and generator.

_Q._ How is the starter removed?

_A._ When removing the starter to replace transmission bands, or for any other reason, first remove the engine pan and the left hand side of the engine and with a screw driver remove the four small screws holding the shaft cover to the transmission cover. Upon removing cover and gasket, turn the Bendix drive shaft around so that the set screw on the end of the shaft is in the upward position. Immediately under the set screw is placed a lock washer, designed with lips or extensions opposite each other on the outside diameter. One of these is turned against the collar and the other is turned up against the side of the screw head. Bend back the lip which has been forced against the screw and remove the set screw. As the lock washer will no doubt be broken or weakened in removing the starter, a new one must be used in replacing it. These washers may be obtained from the nearest branch. Next, pull the Bendix assembly out of the housing, being careful that the small key is not misplaced or lost. Remove the four screws which hold the starter housing to the transmission cover and pull out the starter, taking same down through the chassis,--this is why it was necessary to remove the engine pan. Extreme care should be used in removing the Bendix drive and other parts that none are misplaced nor lost and that they are replaced in their former positions. In replacing the starter, be sure that the terminal connection is placed at the top. If the car is to be operated with the starter removed, be sure to put the transmission cover plates in position. These plates may also be obtained from the nearest branch.

_Q._ How is the generator removed?

_A._ If it is found necessary to remove the generator, first take out the three cap screws holding it to the front end cover and by placing the point of a screw driver between the generator and front end cover; the generator may be forced off the engine assembly. Always start at the top of the generator and force it backward and downward at the same time. Plates may be obtained from the nearest branch to place over the time gear if the car is to be operated with the generator removed.

_Q._ Can the engine be run with the generator disconnected from the battery?

_A._ If for any reason it is run with the generator disconnected from the battery, as on a block test, or when battery has been removed for repair or recharging, be sure that the generator is grounded to the engine by running a wire from the terminal on generator to one of the valve cover stud nuts. A piece of wire ¹⁄₁₆″ or more in diameter may be used for this purpose. Be sure that the connections at both ends of the wire are tight. Failure to do this when running the engine with the generator disconnected from the battery will result in serious injury to the generator.

_Q._ What about the care of the battery, repairing of recharging?

_A._ The Ford Starting System uses a 6-volt 13-plate “Exide” battery, type 3-XC-13-1. The care of the battery in service is summed up in the following rules:

1. Add nothing but pure water to the cells and do it often enough to keep the plates covered at all times. Distilled water, melted artificial ice or rain water collected in clean receptacles is recommended. In cold weather add water only just before running the engine so that the charging may mix the water and the electrolyte and freezing of the water be avoided.

2. Take frequent hydrometer readings to make sure that the generator is keeping the battery charged. To take reading remove filler cap of cell, insert end of hydrometer syringe in filler opening, squeeze bulb, and release, drawing up enough liquid to float hydrometer bulb free in the liquid. The reading of the scale at the surface of the liquid when hydrometer is floating in the specific gravity (density) of the electrolyte. A fully charged battery will show a reading of 1.275 to 1.300. A battery half charged will show a reading of 1.225 to 1.250. A completely discharged battery will show a reading of 1.200 or less. When taking hydrometer readings remove the filler cap from only one cell at a time and be sure to return electrolyte to the cell from which it was taken. Then replace and tighten the filler cap. Hydrometer tests taken immediately after filling with water and before water has become thoroughly mixed with the electrolyte will not show the true condition of the battery.

3. If hydrometer reading shows battery less than half charged it should be taken to the nearest Exide Battery Service Station for recharging. Continued operation in a less than half charged condition is injurious to the battery, just as running in a soft or deflated condition is injurious to the tires.

4. Keep the filler caps in place and screwed tight,--a half turn tightens them. Keep battery connections tight and clean. A coating of heavy oil or vaseline will protect the connectors from corrosion. Keep battery firmly secured in place. If hold-downs are loose battery will shift about in compartment and result in loose connections, broken cells or other trouble.

5. Exide Battery Stations are maintained in principal cities and towns throughout the country to assist you to obtain good service from your battery. Do not entrust your battery to the care of a novice.

_Q._ What about battery guarantee?

_A._ The Exide batteries are guaranteed by the manufacturers (The Electric Storage Battery Company, Philadelphia, Pa.) to be free from defects in material and workmanship.

At any time within three months from date of delivery to the purchaser any battery which may prove to be defective or incapable, when fully charged, of giving its rated capacity, will be repaired or replaced free of expense upon receipt, transportation charges prepaid, at any Exide Battery Depot or authorized Exide Battery Service Station. This guarantee does not cover the free charging of batteries nor the making good of damage resulting from continued lack of filling the cells from time to time with pure water. No claims on account of alleged defects can be allowed unless made within three months of date of delivery of battery to purchaser, and the right is reserved to refuse to consider claims in the case of batteries opened by other than authorized Exide Battery Service Stations.

Purchasers of cars equipped with the “Exide” batteries are earnestly urged to coöperate with the battery manufacturers to taking their cars, as promptly as possible after receipt, by the nearest Exide Battery Service Station in order that the battery may be tested and its condition and installation checked. No charge is made for this inspection.

INDEX

PAGE

Accumulator 99

Alignment 229

Alternating current 96

Ammeter 99

Ampere 95

Atwater Kent ignition systems 126

Automobile arrangement of parts 245
painting 262
troubles 264

Axles 212
dead, type 212
front 214
full-floating 213
live, type 212
semi-floating 212

Battery, storage 99

Bearings, types of 236

Bijur starter mechanism 151

Body, care and washing 253

Borg and Beck clutch 192

Bosch Magneto, operation of 105
cutting out ignition 110
safety spark gap 109
timing of 106

Brakes, operation of 218
care of 221
equalizer 220

Breaker box and distributor head assembly, N.E. 117

Cam shaft 18

Cam shaft drive 19

Car, arrangement and parts, cleaning 243
care, cleaning and washing 253

Carburetion 46

Carburetor, types, operation 46
adjustments of 56
kerosene, principle of operation 76
adjustment 78

Charging rate, adjustment 165

Choking coil 97

Circuit breaker 100

Clutch, construction of 189
cone type 191
multiple disc type 192
leathers and patterns 196

Coil, non-vibrating 100

Commutator 97

Condenser 97

Contact breaker 100

Cooling system, necessity, types and care 82

Crank shaft, counterbalanced 17
four-throw plain 17

Current, high tension, low tension 95

Cylinder head 14

Delco, electrical system 96

Differential gears 207

Direct current 96

Disc clutch, cleaning 195

Distributor 100

Electric starter and light equipment 147

Electrical, equipment 154
systems 153
tuning hints 259

Electrolyte 99

Engine, 4-cycle type, operation of 29
assembly of 36
care and cleaning of 253
construction and parts 12

Evaporation 84

Exact magneto timing 108

Filling vacuum tank 94

Flywheel, types, care of 20

Ford car, operation and care of 269
cooling system 287
engine, operation and care of 277
maintenance 280
valve arrangement 279
valve grinding 280
valve timing 279
gasoline system 290
ignition system 295
lubrication system 316
maintenance points 323
muffler 310
one-ton truck 325
rear axle assembly 307
running gear 311
starting and lighting system 328

Ford car, tire care 320
transmission system 301

Fuse, construction, use of 97

Gasoline engine construction 12
parts assembly 36

Gear, shifts 200
box arrangement 201

Generator 147

Greases 40

Heated manifolds 79

High speed 189

High tension current 95

Hydrometer syringe 99

Induction coil 96

Ignition coil, N.E. type 117

Ignition distributor, N.E. type 116

Kick switch arrangement 137
coil 137

Lamp controllers 159

Lens, cleaning of 254

Lubrication, of spring leaves 224
systems 39

Magneto, parts, operation of 101
timing of 113
washing, repair 111

Main bearings 17

Manifold, action of 80

Mechanical alignment 230

Mufflers, design, care of 86
cleaning 87

Multiple cylinders 12

North East Automatic spark advance 121
breaker cam 120
breaker contacts 119
ignition system 114
starter system 161

Ohm 95

Oils, quality, grade of 40

Oil reservoir 19

One unit, electrical system 148

Overhauling car 247

Overheating 83

Operation of starter 156

Philbrin ignition system 141

Pistons 15

Piston rings 15
rod bearings 16
rods 16
wrist pins 15

Plunger pump oiling system, operation of 42

Power stroke 31
lapping 32

Poppet valve, construction 23
adjustment 23
operation 23

Radiator, cleaning 83
freezing 84
solutions 84
repairs 84

Regulation of generator 100

Repair equipment 25

Rug cleaning 254

Running gear, washing of 253

Schebler-carburetor, model R, adjustment of 63
Ford “A,” adjustment of 74
Ford “A,” operation of 73

Semi-floating axle, operation of 212

Spark plugs, construction of 186
care of 186

Splash oiling system 40
care of 41
cleaning of 41

Spring, care, tests 225
types, care of 226

Starter-Generator, operation of 163

Starting motor, operation of 149

Steering gear, types 232
adjustment of 233
care of 235

Stewart carburetor, operation, care of and maintenance 65

Storage battery, operation of 180
charging 182
freezing 185
maintenance 182

Strainer for gasoline 93

Stroke 31

Stromberg carburetor, model M 47
model L 58

Sunderman carburetor, action of 60

Switches 100

Three unit, electrical system 148

Tire, build, quality 256
chains 257
rim care 254

Top, care of 254

Transmissions 198
gear shifts 200
box arrangement 201
care of 202

Tube, care 258
repairing 258

Two unit, electrical system 148

Universal joints 204

Upholstering 254

Vacuum systems 89
cleaning strainer 93

Vacuum systems, operation of 90
troubles 93

Valve, types, arrangement of 21
grinding 25
setting 24
sleeve type 26
setting of 27
timing marks 25

Voltage 95

Voltaic cells 99

Water cooling 82

Water vents 16

Wheels, lining up 229

Windshield, cleaning and care 99

Wiring 114

Wrapping springs 224

Wrist pins 15
bushings 15

Transcriber’s Notes

The text used for this e-text is that as printed in the source
document. Unless listed under Changes below, inconsistent spelling
and hyphenation, the inconsistent use of quote marks surrounding
reference letters or model and type letters, the inconsistent use of
per cent with and without full stop, etc. have not been standardised.
The automobile brand consistently called Jeffrey in the text was
actually called Jeffery. The (minor) differences in wording and
structure between the table of contents and the text have not been
standardised.

Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their
settings, not all elements may display as intended.

Page 8: there are no seventeenth and eighteenth items listed; items
nineteen and twenty are cardinal rather than ordinal numbers in the
source document.

Page 14, Fig. 3: the oddly shaped cylinder head is as printed in the
source document.

Page 33, ... Twin, Four, and Six Cylindered Motors ... and ... a case
where two, four, or two six cylindered motors are set ...: as printed
in the source document; the commas between Twin and Four and between
two and four are possibly erroneous.

Page 35, calculation of piston displacement: the calculation results
in 192.42 cubic inches.

Page 54: Fig. 32 shows an exterior photograph ...: as printed in the
source document; Fig. 32 is obviously a drawing.

Page 128 and 135: Fig. 68 and Fig. 75 and their captions are
identical in the source document.

Page 159 and 183: Fig. 91 and Fig. 103 and their captions are
identical in the source document.

Page 205 Whitemore and page 327 Whittemore: possibly misspellings of
Whitmore.

Changes

Most tables and illustrations have been moved out of text paragraphs.
In some tables and lists the ditto character has been replaced with
the dittoed text.

Some minor obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been
corrected silently.

Above or underneath some illustrations indented texts provide
transcriptions of the explanatory and descriptive texts inside the
accompanying illustration. These transcriptions do not occur as
such in the source document but have been provided for the sake of
legibility and searchability.

Page xii: page number 126 inserted.

Page 1-2: Daimler was consistently spelled Diamler; this has been
corrected.

Page 3: Marquis de Doin changed to Marquis de Dion.

Page 33: ... a staggard position ... changed to ... a staggered
position ....

Page 47: ... through a verticle channel ... changed to ... through a
vertical channel ....

Page 47, 48: ... air bled jet ... changed to ... air bleed jet ... (2
×).

Page 70: ... which embodies a radically new principal ... changed to
... which embodies a radically new principle ....

Page 82: It acts on the principal that ... changed to It acts on the
principle that ....

Page 84: ... its freezing point being 8% below zero ... changed to
... its freezing point being 8° below zero ....

Page 87: ... are scrapped and rubbed ... changed to ... are scraped
and rubbed ....

Page 98: reference letters A-F in paragraph Dynamo changed to lower
case as in illustration.

Page 117: ... the verticle shaft bearing sleeve ... changed to ...
the vertical shaft bearing sleeve ....

Page 126: ... which eliminate troubles ... changed to ... which
eliminates troubles ....

Page 152: Figs. 87 (Position 2A) and 87A (Position 3) have been
placed in the right order.

Page 169: ... in contact with the ear ... changed to ... in contact
with the gear ....

Page 178: ... shown at D and C (Fig. 99) ... changed to ... shown at
D and C (Fig. 100) ....

Page 231: ... E-EL lines drawn through the spindles will meet at F
... changed to ... e-e1 lines drawn through the spindles will meet at
E ...; ... the lines E and E1 meet at different angles ... changed to
... the lines e and e1 meet at different angles ....

Page 260: ... the nearest mettle part. changed to ... the nearest
metal part.

Page 333: ... show a reading of 1,200 or less. changed to ... show a
reading of 1.200 or less.