Chapter X: And Y (4)

1854 Great Britain and France declare war against Russia in
March. The Allies land at Varna. Dreadful attack of Cholera
in both armies--then the invasion of the Crimea. Battles of
the Alma, Balaklava, and Inkermann with all the minor sorties
and engagements, and the scenes of camp life, so graphically
described by military and civil correspondents. Bomarsund taken
by the Baltic Expedition, August 16th.

1855 Sardinia joins the Allies. South side of Sebastopol taken.
Battle of Tchernaya. Taking of Kertch and Kinburn. Battle of the
Heights of Kars. Fall of Sebastopol and Kars. Russia proposes
peace. Napoleon visited England, April 17th. Crimean medals
distributed, May 18th. Sebastopol evacuated by the Russians,
September 9th. Dreadful storm in the Black Sea, during which the
Prince, Resolute, &c., foundered. Insurrection at Madrid. Flight
of the Queen Mother Christina and dismissal of her favourites.

1856 Peace of Paris signed, March 31st. Victoria cross
instituted, January 29th. Lord Dalhousie ceased to be Governor
General of India, and was succeeded by Viscount Canning. War in
Persia, and capture by the British of Bushire; Persian King,
obliged thereafter to sue for peace. Great Britain involved in a
war with China. Commissioner Yeh made prisoner. Lord Elgin made
Ambassador to negotiate a settlement of difficulties. Seizure of
Lorch, October 8th. English Cathedral, Montreal, burnt.

1857 Shakspeare’s house bought. Kensington Museum opened.
Victoria cross distributed, and Victoria Asylum commenced. Indian
Mutiny begun, February 28th. Massacre of Cawnpore, July 16th.
Relief of Lucknow, November 17th.

1858 Close of the Mutiny and re-organization of the country.
Attempt on the life of Napoleon III by Orsini and others. Orsini
beheaded, March 13th. Princess Royal married to the Prince of
Prussia.

1859 Revolution in Tuscany. Victoria Bridge opened, 19th
December. Earthquake at Quito, 29th March. A Southern Convention
at Vicksburg, Miss., at which eight States are represented,
passes resolutions in favor of opening the slave trade. John
Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes seize the arsenal
at Harper’s Ferry and kill four of the inhabitants. The militia
and Federal troops arrive at Harper’s Ferry and besiege Brown
and his men in the armory buildings. The armory captured by
Colonel Lee (now General). One marine and twelve of Brown’s men
killed, Brown and four men taken prisoners, and two escape, but
are re-captured. The people of Charlestown, Va., excited by the
rumors of an attempt to rescue John Brown; and Governor Wise
calms their fears by guarding the place with a Richmond regiment.
In the House of Representatives of South Carolina a resolution
is offered that “South Carolina is ready to enter, together with
other slave-holding States, or such as desire present action,
into the formation of a Southern Confederacy.” John Brown and
two negroes hung. The medical students from Southern States in
Philadelphia colleges resolve to secede and join colleges in
their own States.

The following is a chronological table of the war in Italy. It is
taken from the Journal of Education and compiled by the esteemed
Superintendent of Education for Lower Canada, and will be found
valuable for History students.

“First body of French troops leaves Toulon; Austrian ultimatum
dispatched from Vienna to Turin. It is received at Turin. The
limit fixed by the ultimatum (of three days) expires; Count
Cavour declines the Austrian conditions; statement of the war
question addressed to the Corps Legislatif by Count Walewski;
French troops first cross Mont Cenis. Revolution in Tuscany; the
Grand Duke retires: address of Victor Emmanuel to his army. The
Austrian declaration of war posted in Vienna; the Austrians,
under Count Gyulai, pass the Ticino; Marshal Canrobert and
General Niel reach Turin and assume command of their respective
corps d’armée; General McMahon arrives at Genoa; death of General
Bouat; appeal of Victor Emmanuel to the Italian people. The
Austrians occupy Novara; the French ambassador quits Vienna;
revolt of Massa and Carrara. King Victor Emmanuel leaves Turin
to take command of his army; the Austrians occupy Mortara; their
steamers seize the Sardinian ports on Lake Maggiore; three
Austrian vessels repulsed on the lake; the Duchess of Parma
withdraws from the Duchy. Manifesto of Napoleon III, addressed
to the Corps Legislatif; the Austrians pass the Po at Cambio;
they are repulsed in an attempted crossing at Frassinetto; they
burn the bridge over the Scrivia at Piacenza; the Austrian
vanguard reaches Tronzano. The conflict at Frassinetto continues;
the Austrians, passing the Po at Vacarizza, advance to Sale;
a cannonade at Valenza. The Duchess of Parma returns to her
capital. General Cialdini, issuing from Casale, seizes a convoy
of the enemy. The Austrians repass the Po at Gerola. Imperial
decree establishing the Regency in France. The Emperor Napoleon
III, and the Prince Napoleon Jerome leave Paris for the seat of
war; the Austrians complete a retrograde movement to the left
of the Sesia. The Emperor embarks at Marseilles; the Austrians
pause at Vercelli, and return reconnoitering parties to the
right bank of the river; they occupy Rivergaro. The Emperor
lands at Genoa; issues an order of the day to the army. The
English declaration of neutrality published. The Austrians occupy
Bobbio, and push their advanced post to Casteggio. The French
Emperor arrives at Alessandria. The French squadron of Admiral
Jurieu-Gravier anchors before Venice; the Emperor visits the
outposts at Valenza. The Austrians threaten the bridge at Stella;
the Emperor visits the head-quarters of the King at Occimiano;
the Austrians vainly attempt to take the bridge at Valenza. The
head-quarters of Count Gyulai transferred in retreat to Gariasco.
Speech of M. Kossuth on the war, delivered at London Tavern;
battle of Montebello; the Allies, numbering 6,300, under General
Forey, defeat 25,000 Austrians under General Count Stadion;
the Emperor visits Casale. The Piedmontese, under General
Cialdini, force the passage of the Sesia at Vercelli, routing the
Austrians; Garibaldi with his corps, leaves Biella, and marches
for Northwestern Lombardy; the blockade of Venice established.
Death of the King of Naples. Garibaldi, passing the Ticino at
Sesto Calende, defeats the enemy and captures Varese. Garibaldi,
attacked by the Austrians, beats them; Colonel Christoforis,
with a portion of Garibaldi’s force, beats the Austrians near
Sesto Calende; the Emperor at Voghera. The Emperor arrives
at Vercelli; Garibaldi again beats the Austrians at Malmate.
Garibaldi marches upon Como; rapid movement of the French army
from the south to the north of the Po; Montebello and Custeggio,
evacuated by them, occupied by the Austrians. Garibaldi, beating
the Austrians at San Fermo, occupies Como, Camerlata, and
Lecco; Austrian vessels bombard Canobbio, on Lake Maggiore;
the Valtelline rises in insurrection. Battle of Palestro; the
Allies, commanded by Victor Emmanuel, attack the Austrians; the
Emperor of Austria, attended by Field-Marshal Baron Hess, arrive
at Verona. The Allies defeat the Austrians at Palestro; General
Niel occupies Novara; proclamation of the Emperor Francis Joseph
to the Tyrolese. Garibaldi retiring before a powerful body of
the enemy, attacks Laveno unsuccessfully; the Austrians attack
the allied outposts at Robbio, but speedily retreat; the advance
of the Allies, under McMahon, enters Lombardy by the bridge
of Turbigo. The Austrians hastily evacuate Sardinia; severe
action at Buffalora; Garibaldi again marches upon Varese, beats
the Austrians, and re-occupies it. The conflict at Buffalora
concludes in a splendid victory of the Allies at Magenta. Milan
rises upon the Austrians; the garrison retires; Victor Emmanuel
proclaimed King; Lombardy annexed to Sardinia; Grand _Te Deum_
at Paris for the victory at Magenta. The Emperor and King enter
Milan; the Austrian’s custom-houses on Lake Maggiore seized by
Garibaldi’s corps. Garibaldi pursues the Austrians, who retreat
towards Monza; proclamation of Napoleon III to the Italians.
Marshal Baraguay d’Hilliers attacks the Austrians at Malegnano,
and after a severe contest carries that post; on the same day
the Austrian Count d’Urban is beaten by Marshal Canrobert at
Canonica; the Austrians evacuate Laverno on Lago Maggiore.
Garibaldi enters Bergamo; the Austrians evacuate Pavia and
Piacenza; the Duchess of Parma arrives at Verona. The Austrians
evacuate Lodi; they also evacuate Bologna and Ancona; resignation
of the Derby Ministry in England; Lord Palmerston invited to form
a cabinet; head-quarters of the French advanced to Gorgouzola.
The vanguard of the French army passes the Adda at Cassano;
the Sardinian army passes the Adda at Vaprio; the Austrians
complete the evacuation of the Papal territory, and also withdraw
from Modena; death of Prince Metternich. The Austrians abandon
Pizzigbettone; Garibaldi at Brescia; Cremona and Brescia declare
for the King of Sardinia; the Allied army passes the Sesia;
General d’Urban retires from Coccaglia. The Duke of Modena
arrives at Mantua; d’Urban occupies Cavriana, but evacuates
it the same night; revolt at Venice. Garibaldi repulsed by an
overwhelming force of the Austrians at Castenedolo; he retreats
towards Lonato. General Count Schlick takes command of the second
Austrian army, replacing Gyulai; the head quarters of Napoleon
III removed to Covo; the Austrian Emperor at Travigliato. The
Austrians occupy Montechiaro and Castiglione; Kossuth leaves
London for Italy. The Emperor and King enter Brescia; the
Austrians occupy the pass of the Stelvio; the Emperor Francis
Joseph reviews a portion of his army at Lonato; he assumes
supreme command of the army. The third division of the Adriatic
fleet sails from Toulon. The Austrians abandon Montechiaro,
Castiglione, and Lonato. The Emperor and King leave Brescia for
the camp; the Austrians re-occupy Montechiaro and Castiglione;
Francis Joseph Axes his head-quarters at Villafranca. The French
pass the Chinese at Montechiaro, and push a reconnaissance as
far as Goito; the head-quarters of Francis Joseph at Vallegio;
Kossuth arrives at Genoa. The French Emperor and the King urge
a reconnaissance as far as Desenzano; the Austrians in full
force repass the Mincio, and occupy Pozzolengo, Solferino and
Cavriana. Great battle of Solferino: 250,000 Austrians defeated
by the Allies, numbering 150,000; the Austrians repass the
Mincio; the allied head-quarters at Cavriana. Prussia proposes
in the Diet the mobilization of the Federal army; retreat of
the French troops at Brescia. Kossuth arrives at Parma, and
after conferring with Prince Napoleon, proceeds to the Imperial
head-quarters. A portion of Garibaldi’s troops, under Major
Medidi, occupy the pass of Tonal, between Val Canonica and the
Tyrol. The Allies, crossing the Mincio, enter the Venitian
States. The vanguard of the Allies advances to Villafranca. The
Imperial head-quarters removed to Volta; the corps of Prince
Napoleon joins the main body of the allied army at Vallegio;
the Sardinians commence the siege of Peschiera; the new British
ministry declares in Parliament its determination to maintain
an inviolable neutrality. The Emperor removes his head-quarters
from Volta, and, crossing the Mincio, fixes them at Vallegio. Ten
thousand French troops landed at Lussin-Piccolo, in the Adriatic;
Grand _Te Deum_ for the victory of Solferino at Notre-Dame. The
Austrians retire from Bormio, after a sharp action, in which
they are defeated by Garibaldi. Armistice concluded between
the two emperors at VillaFranca; Zara bombarded by the French
frigate _Impetueuse_. Interview between Napoleon III and Francis
Joseph; the war terminated by the peace of VillaFranca.” Militia
Volunteer Association of England established 17th November.

1860 The principal events of this year are: General rising of the
Sicilians, March 16th. Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France,
March 24th. War in China and capture of Pekin. Insurrection
at Palermo, April 4th. Great Eastern sailed for America, June
16th. Prince of Wales at Quebec, August 18th. King of Naples,
Francis II, retired to Gaeta, September 6th. Garibaldi entered
Naples, September 8th. Ancona taken, September 30th. Battle
of Volturno, October 2nd. Victor Emmanuel at Naples, November
7th. Abraham Lincoln elected President of the United States. A
Secession Convention assembles in Columbia, S.C., but adjourns
to Charleston, in consequence of the small pox. The Convention
at Charleston passes the ordinance carrying South Carolina out
of the Union. Attempted removal of ordnance from the Arsenal
at Pittsburg, Pa., prevented by the citizens. Fort Moultrie
evacuated by Major Robert Anderson, who retires with his troops
to Fort Sumter. Seizure by the citizens of the Arsenal at
Charleston, S.C.

1861 Duchess of Kent died, March 16th. Attack on Japanese
Nussier, September 23rd. The fearful colliery explosion at
Hartley took place on the 16th January of this year. King of
Russia died, January 2nd. Taltian gallery destroyed, February
5th. The principal events of the Great Rebellion this year
are given under in the order of occurrence:--The Postmaster
at Charleston refuses to make returns to the United States
Government. The _Star of the West_ chartered and sent to Fort
Sumter to reinforce Major Anderson. Mississippi secedes. The
first gun of the rebellion fired; the forts on Morris Island
fire on the _Star of the West_, and she puts to sea. Major
Anderson leaves Fort Sumter in the _Baltic_, after having
formally surrendered the fort and saluting his flag with the
honors of war; several men killed by the explosion of a gun while
saluting; no lives lost in the bombardment. The Army and Navy
Appropriation Bills pass Congress. Battle at Rich Mountain, Va.,
in which General McClellan defeats Pegram. The rebels evacuate
Laurel Hill, Va. General McClellan occupies Beverly, Va.; Garnett
defeated and killed at Carrick’s Ford, Va.; Pegram surrenders.
Battle of Bull Run, Va.; the Union army defeated, and falls
back on Washington in confusion; Union loss, 481 killed, 1011
wounded, and 700 prisoners; Rebel lose, 269 killed, and 1483
wounded. General Dix takes command in Baltimore. General Scott’s
resignation accepted by the President, who appoints General
McClellan to the chief command of the armies. General Dix issues
an order regulating the Maryland elections. Floyd defeated by
Rosecrans at Gauley Bridge. Battle at Belmont, Mo.; the rebels
under Sidney A. Johnston defeated by Grant. Naval engagement
in Port Royal Harbour; the rebel forts Beauregard and Walker
captured. General Buell assigned to the Department of Kentucky.
James M. Mason and John Slidell, rebel Ministers to England and
France, seized on board the _Trent_, by Commodore Wilkes, of
the _San Jacinto_. Rebels defeated at Piketon, Ky., by General
Nelson. A general bombardment of Pensacola and the navy-yard by
Colonel Brown at Fort Pickens; the town and navy-yard destroyed.
The gunboat _Cœur de Lion_ runs the blockade of the Potomac, and
arrives at Fortress Munro. The _Constitution_ leaves Hampton
Roads with General Phelps, first part of the Butler expedition to
New Orleans. General Scott returns to New York from Europe. Mr.
Seward agrees to surrender Mason and Slidell.

1862 French army in Mexico, January 7th. Mausoleum at Frogmore
commenced, March 15th. French Victories in Cochin-China, March
29th. Garibaldi at Catania, August 20th. Battle of Aspromonte,
August 29th. Mason and Slidell surrendered. Engagements at Port
Royal Ferry, S.C., and Pensacola, Fla. General Mitchell occupies
Huntsville, Ala. Fort Puluski surrenders. The siege of Fort
Macon, N.C., commenced. Pocahantos, Ark., occupied by General
Curtis. New Orleans surrenders to Commodore Farragut. Battle
at Warwick Creek, Va. General Banks evacuates Strasburg, Va.,
in consequence of the advance of Jackson. Commodore Farragut
shells Grand Gulf, Miss. Battle at Lewisburg, Va. The President
calls for 300,000 men. Battle of Malvern Hills; end of the seven
days’ fight. Battle of Catlett’s Station, Va., and retreat of
Pope. General McDowell evacuates Fredericksburg, Va. General W.
T. Sherman commences a movement upon Vicksburg in the rear of
Haine’s Bluff. Stuart makes an unsuccessful foray on Burnside’s
army at Falmouth, Va.

1863 Captain Speke discovered the source of the Nile, February
23rd. Prince of Wales married, March 10th. The President issues
his Emancipation Proclamation. The rebels estimate their losses
thus far at 20,898 killed, 59,615 wounded, and 21,169 prisoners.
Total, 209,116. Battles of Hunt’s Cross Roads, Tenn., and
Galveston, Texas. Naval engagement in Charleston Harbour; the
rebel rams attack the fleet. National fast observed by order
of President Lincoln. Porter’s squadron passes the batteries
at Grand Gulf, Miss., and General Grant fights the battle of
Branlinsburg, and lands his troops. Battle of Chancellorsville,
Va., commenced. Stonewall Jackson mortally wounded. The tracks
diverging from Gordonsville destroyed by General Buford. General
Stoneman destroys the railroad at Columbia, Va. Second day of
the battle of Chancellorsville, Va. Battle of Nansemond, Va.;
Longstreet reinforces Lee. Fredericksburg, Va., captured by
General Sedgwick. Battle at Gettysburg, Pa., commenced. General
Rosecrans occupies Tullahoma, Tenn., and Winchester the next
day. Negotiations for the surrender of Vicksburg, Miss.,
opened. Vicksburg surrenders to General Grant. Lee defeated
at Gettysburg, Pa. Battle at Helena, Ark. Chattanooga, Tenn.,
evacuated by the rebels. Naval engagement in Charleston Harbour;
a naval attack on Fort Sumter repulsed. Union forces defeated at
Sabine Pass, Texas. Chattanooga occupied by General Crittenden.
Cumberland Gap surrendered to General Burnside--Union forces
defeated at Tipton, Tenn. Culpepper, Va., occupied by General
Meade’s advance. Engagements near Culpepper, Va., and at Bird’s
Gap, Ga. General Hooker’s “battle in the clouds” at Lookout
Mountain. Engagement at Wauhatchie, Ala. General Blair occupies
Tuscumbia, Ala. 181 Federal prisoners arrive at Fortress Monroe
from Libby Prison, in a starving condition. The exchange of
prisoners stopped. General Butler takes command of the Department
of Virginia at Fortress Monroe. A furious bombardment of Fort
Sumter. General Foster announces Longstreet in full retreat from
Tennessee, whereupon the President orders a Thanksgiving. General
Grant’s captures during the war announced as 472 cannon and
90,000 prisoners.

1864 Tercentenary of Shakspeare, April 10th. Great storm at
Calcutta, October 5th. General Sherman returns to Vicksburg from
a successful raiding expedition into Albania and Mississippi,
having destroyed over $2,000,000 worth of property, and captured
8000 negroes and 4000 prisoners. The rebels under General Forrest
enter Paducah, Ky.; the rebels were repulsed and driven from
the city. Severe gale; several vessels driven ashore along the
coast. An expedition of Union troops under Colonel Clayton
to Mount Elba and Longview, Ark., captured 320 prisoners, 300
horses, about 40 wagons laden with camp and garrison equipments,
beside 300 contrabands, and killing and wounding about 200
rebels. United States steamer _Maple Leaf_ blown up in St.
John’s River, Florida, by a rebel torpedo; four of the crew
killed. Fight between rebels and Union gunboats at New Falls
City, near Shreveport, La.; defeat of the rebels; from 500
to 600 of them killed or wounded. Fight with rebels at Grand
Ecore, La.; capture of 2000 rebels and twenty cannon by Union
troops. The rebels attempt to blow up the United States frigate
_Minnesota_, lying in Hampton Roads, with a torpedo, but fail.
Capture of Fort Pillow by the rebels under General Forrest; all
found in the garrison, except about 200, massacred after they had
surrendered--men, women, and children. Steamer _Golden Gate_,
laden with United States Government stores, captured by rebels
near Memphis. Maximilian invested with his new honours as Emperor
of Mexico at his Castle of Meramar. Battle at Mine Run between
the rebels, under General Lee, and the army of the Potomac, under
General Grant; the rebels defeated and driven back; Brigadier
General Jas. S. Wadsworth and Brigadier Alex. Hays among the
killed. Dalton, Ga., occupied by Union troops under General
Thomas. Severe battle between the Union army under General Grant
and the rebels under General Lee, near Spottsylvania Court-house;
Major General John Sedgwick killed. The gunboats of General Banks
and Admiral Porter’s expedition up Red River succeed in getting
down over the Falls near Alexandria, through the engineering
skill of Lieutenant Colonel Bailey. Fight between Union troops
under General Butler and the rebels under the General Hill near
Petersburg, Va.; the latter defeated. Another terrible battle
near Spottsylvania Court-house, between the Union and rebel
armies. General Sheridan completes a successful raid in the rear
of Lee’s rebel army in Virginia, recapturing 500 Union soldiers,
and destroying eight miles of railroad, two locomotives and
three trains. Fight between General Butler’s troops and those of
General Beauregard, without definite results. The rebel army in
Georgia driven by General Sherman to Buzzard’s Roost Mountain.
Major General Hancock captures 7000 rebels and thirty guns in
a battle near Spottsylvania, Va. Union troops evacuate Little
Washington, N.C., when rebels enter and burn all the houses in
the place except about twenty; women robbed and turned adrift
without food or shelter. The outer line of works of Fort Darling
carried by Union troops under Generals Gillmore and Smith.
General Sheridan captures the outer line of fortifications in
front of Richmond. Dalton, Ga., evacuated by the rebels under
General Joe Johnston and occupied by Union troops under General
Sherman. Bombardment of Charleston and Fort Sumter, S.C., renewed
with vigour. Resaca, Ga., captured by General Sherman’s army,
with 1200 prisoners, ten guns and six trains going South for
supplies; Union loss in killed and wounded 2700. General Sigel
defeated at Rood’s Hill, in the Shenandoah Valley. Successful
advance of General Grant’s army to Cold Harbour, Va. General
Fitz Hugh Lee and 500 rebel cavalry captured by General Butler’s
troops near White House, Va. General Hunter defeats the rebels
at Staunton, Va.; captures 1500 prisoners, 3000 stand of arms
and 3 cannon, beside a large amount of stores, &c.; the rebel
General W. E. Jones, killed. The rebels attack the Union troops
under General Burnside, and are repulsed. General Kautz, with
his Union cavalry troops, charges the rebel works in front of
Petersburg, Va., and enters the place, but not being supported
by General Gillmore, is compelled to retire. Fight between Union
cavalry under General Sheridan and the rebels under General J.
E. B. Stewart; defeat of the rebel troops and death of General
Stewart; General Hunter burns the Virginia Military institute,
Governor Letcher’s house, and captures 6 cannon and 600 horses,
and a large amount of stores. Maximilian makes a triumphant entry
into the City of Mexico; John Morgan, rebel General, captures
Cynthiana, Ky., and two Ohio regiments; General Burbridge, with
Union troops, subsequently arrives, defeats the rebels, captures
400 prisoners and 1000 horses. Expedition of 8000 Union troops
under General Sturgis defeated by 10,000 rebels under Generals
Forrest, Lee and Roddy; wagon and ammunition trains lost.
Desperate fight between rebel and Union troops on the line of
the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad; the Union troops driven from
their position, but afterward regain it; a Union brigade gobbled
up. Artillery fight in front of Petersburg, Va.; the town set
on fire by shells from Union guns. Frederick, Md., evacuated by
Union troops under General Wallace, and occupied by rebels, who
levy $200,000 on the citizens. Severe fight between the armies
of General Sherman and General Hood in front of Atlanta; severe
assaults of Hood successfully repulsed. Peace Conference at
Niagara Falls; Horace Greeley acts as President Lincoln’s agent,
and offers the rebel Commissioners a safe conduct to Washington
and back. A mine exploded under the rebel fortifications at
Petersburg, Va., which are blown up with the troops in them; a
terrific battle ensues; the Union storming column is repulsed
with fearful slaughter; Union loss, 6000. Severe fight between
the rebels and Union troops under General Warren; the rebels
repulsed; Union loss 2800. Martinsburg, Va., reoccupied by rebel
troops. Another battle on the line of the Weldon and Petersburg
Road, between Union troops under General Warren and the rebels;
the latter repulsed, with fearful slaughter; Union loss about
3000. Forrest, with three brigades of cavalry, attacks Memphis,
and endeavours to capture Generals Washburne and Hurlbut; they
fail in their object, and are driven out by Union troops. Fight
between rebel and Union troops near Charlestown, Va., without
decisive results. The rebels make another desperate effort to
drive General Warren from the Petersburg and Weldon Railroad,
but are again repulsed, with heavy loss. General Kilpatrick
returns from a successful raiding expedition; tears up 14 miles
of railroad, captures 4 cannon and 200 prisoners. Atlanta,
Ga., captured by Union troops, under Major General Sherman; 27
guns and 1000 rebel prisoners taken. Fight in the Shenandoah
valley, near Berryville, Va.; defeat of the rebels; 20 wagons,
2 battle flags and many prisoners captured. Fight with rebels
at Greenville, Tenn.; John Morgan, the notorious guerilla,
killed, and his force dispersed. Desperate fight with rebels
at Opequan Creek, Shenandoah valley; the Union troops, under
General Sheridan, capture 3000 prisoners, 15 battle flags and
5 guns. Some rebels capture the steamers _Parsons_ and _Island
Queen_, on Lake Erie, and convert them into pirates. The British
Government order that no vessel belonging to the Confederates
or United States shall enter British ports for the purpose of
being dismantled or sold. General Sheridan gains a great victory
at Fisher’s Hill, Shenandoah Valley; captures 20 guns, beside
caissons, horses and 1100 prisoners; Union General Russell
killed. Great battle in the Shenandoah Valley, between Union
forces, under General Sheridan, and the rebels, under General
Early; defeat of the latter, and capture of 43 guns, beside
caissons, horses and prisoners. General Blunt defeated by the
rebels under General Price, at Lexington, Mo. The rebel ram
_Albemarle_ blown up in Roanoke River by a United States torpedo
boat, under the command of Lieutenant Cushing. Fight between
General Pleasanton’s Union army and General Price’s rebel army
at Newton, Mo.; defeat of the latter; 2000 rebels and 7100 stand
of arms captured. Fight between the Union forces under General
Sherman and the rebels under General Hood; defeat of the latter.
Armed bands of rebels appear on the Lakes and occasion great
excitement and alarm along the Northern frontier. Rebel troops
under General Price attack Fayetteville, Ark., and are repulsed
with a loss of about 1000 in killed and wounded. The rebels
under General Breckinridge attack the Union troops under General
Gillem at Bull Gap, and capture 400 Union troops. Severe fight
between rebel and Union troops at Strawberry Plains, Tenn.,
without decisive results. Forty-five Union scouts captured by the
rebel General Mosby, near Charlestown, Va. The Senate authorizes
the construction of six revenue cutters for the lakes. A bill
authorizing the President to terminate the Reciprocity Treaty,
passes the House. The Canadian Courts decide that they have no
jurisdiction in the case of the St. Albans and Lake Erie pirates,
and release them. General Sherman investing Savannah; Admiral
Porter’s expedition leaves Fortress Monroe for Wilmington.
Re-arrest of one of the St. Albans’ raiders in Canada; re-action
of sentiment.

1865 American Rebellion still continuing--Principal events
in order of succession:--Columbia, S.C., captured by General
Sherman; Fort Anderson, Cape Fear River, shelled by our forces;
General Schofield advancing from Smithfield, N.C. Rebel dollar
estimated by the rebels as worth two cents in specie. Charleston
evacuated. Sheridan pursuing Early and his body guard, all that
is left of his army. General Sherman leaves Fayetteville, N.C.,
destroys the arsenal, and moves on Goldsboro. General Sheridan’s
entire command arrives at White House, Va. Johnston defeated at
Bentonville, N.C. Goldsboro evacuated, and the rebel forces fall
back on Smithfield. General Steele leaves Pensacola, Fla., to
attack Mobile. Captain Kennedy, the spy and incendiary, hung at
Fort Lafayette. The rebels attack and carry Fort Steadman, but
the fort is retaken by a vigorous charge of the Ninth Corps;
the President witnesses the action. General Granger commences a
co-operating movement against Mobile. General Sherman arrives
at General Grant’s head-quarters. General Stoneham captures
Boone, N.C. General Wilson moves on Greenville, Ala. A general
advance made on Spanish Fort, Mobile Bay. The _Stonewall_ arrives
at Lisbon, Portugal, having escaped from Ferrol, Spain, and
is ordered to leave the harbour. Battle of Five Forks, Va.;
the rebel right doubled up on the centre, and a portion of the
wing cut off. General Grant orders an attack on the whole line,
and, after desperate fighting, both wings are rested on the
Appomattox; the South Side Road is cut, and during the day and
night Richmond and Petersburg are evacuated, and Lee’s army
is in full retreat for Danville; the rebel General A. P. Hill
killed. Selma, Ala., captured by General Wilson’s cavalry,
together with the greater portion of Forrest’s and Roddy’s
commands. General Sheridan attacks Lee, West of Burkesville and
routs him, capturing Ewell and a number of other generals. The
news of the capture of Richmond announced to Sherman’s army.
General Grant urges Lee to surrender to save the further effusion
of blood; Lee asks for terms. General Lee surrenders the Army
of Northern Virginia to General Grant. The President and Mrs.
Lincoln return to Washington. Mobile captured; 300 guns and 3000
prisoners. General rejoicing all over the country. All the St.
Albans raiders, except Young, released. The President issues
a proclamation closing certain Southern ports. The President
makes a speech in which he defines the States of the rebellion
and hints at plans for restoration. He issues a proclamation
respecting treatment of our national vessels in foreign ports,
and threatens retaliation for discourtesy. A _Te Deum_ chanted in
Trinity Church. Lynchburg, Va., surrenders to a Union scouting
party, Practical end of the War:--General Grant arrives in
Washington and advises that the draft be stopped, that recruiting
cease, and that the military establishment be reduced. Lee
reported to have advised Johnston to surrender to Sherman. The
_Europa_ arrives with the news that the American Minister at
Lisbon has demanded satisfaction for the outrage on the American
flag. The President assassinated in Ford’s Theatre, Washington,
by J. Wilkes Booth, who escapes; another assassin proceeds to
Mr. Seward’s residence and seriously stabs him in the throat,
also assaulting Mr. Frederick W. Seward. The President dies about
half past seven o’clock; Andrew Johnson becomes President of the
United States.

1866 Death of Lord Palmerston. The Fenian raid into Canada
with the affairs of Ridgeway and Pigeon Hill. The war in
Europe, of which the following is a complete table of principal
events:--Federal execution decreed by the Germanic Diet. Entry
of the Prussians into Leipsic, Gleasen and Cassel. Occupation of
Loban. Entry of the Prussian General Vogel into the Hanoverian
capital. Occupation of Marenthal, Ostritz and Lauban, in
Bohemia, by two Prussian regiments, and occupation of Bernstadt
by Prussian cavalry. Occupation of Dresden by the Prussians.
Evacuation of Fort Wilhelm by the Hanoverian troops. Prince
William of Hanau made prisoner. Cavalry encounter between the
Austrians and Prussians upon the Rumburg road. Nixdorf occupied
by 7000 Prussians. Occupation of Rumburg by the Prussians.
Armistice between the Prussian and Hanoverian troops. Action near
Jungbunzlau between the Austrians and the Prussians. The Prussian
troops occupied Reichenberg, Trautenau and Aicha (Bohemia).
Engagement near Turnau. The army of the Crown Prince of Prussia
fought the battle of Nachod. Engagement at Oswiecim. Fight
between the Prussians and Hanoverians near Langeusalza. General
Steinmetz throws back the Austrian corps d’armée (Ramming)
upon Josephstadt. Engagement of the same corps with the 6th
and 8th Austrian corps under the Archduke Leopold. Action near
Trautenau. The troops of Prince Frederick Charles engaged near
Munchengratz. The Hanoverian army surrendered at discretion.
Capture of Gitschin by the Prussian army. Actions at Kort, near
Turnau, and at Chwalkowitz, between Kalitz and Konigshof. An
Austrian army corps under General Clam-Gallus compelled to retire
upon Koniggratz. Action at Gitschin. Arrival of King William
at Gitschin. Junction of the Crown Prince’s army with that of
Prince Frederick Charles. The battle of Sadowa. The laying of the
Atlantic Cable and the raising of the old one nearly two years
in water and successfully spliced and working, uniting the two
continents--the Old and New World--let it be hoped, in the bonds
of _eternal_ fraternity.

GLORY TO GOD ON HIGH, AND IN EARTH PEACE.--GOOD WILL TOWARDS MEN.

FINIS.