Chapter III: The Working Child

Footnote 85:

Politics, by Aristotle, A. IV, 4.

Footnote 86:

Architecture, Industry, and Wealth, by William Morris, p. 138.

Footnote 87:

_Idem._

Footnote 88:

Farfolloni de gli Antichi Historici, by Abb. Lancellotti (Venice,
1636), quoted by Karl Marx in Capital, English edition, p. 427.

Footnote 89:

Marx, _op. cit._, p. 428.

Footnote 90:

A Description of the Country from Thirty to Forty Miles round
Manchester, by Dr. Aikin. Quoted by R. W. Cooke-Taylor, The Factory
System and the Factory Acts, p. 17.

Footnote 91:

Cooke-Taylor, _op. cit._, gives the real name of “Alfred” as Samuel
Kydd, a barrister-at-law.

Footnote 92:

Memoirs of Robert Blincoe, N.D.

Cooke-Taylor, Modern Factory System, pp. 189–198.

Annals of Toil, by J. Morrison Davidson, p. 262.

Industrial History of England, H. de B. Gibbins.

Footnote 93:

H. de B. Gibbins, _op. cit._, pp. 178–181.

Footnote 94:

Life of Robert Owen, Written by Himself, vol. i, xxvi, pp. 57 _et
seq._

Footnote 95:

H. de B. Gibbins, _op. cit._, p. 181.

Footnote 96:

Cooke-Taylor, The Factory System and the Factory Acts, p. 55.

Footnote 97:

_Idem._

Footnote 98:

H. de B. Gibbins, _op. cit._, p. 181.

Footnote 99:

Hansard, 1832.

Footnote 100:

The whole poem is given in Mr. H. S. Salt’s little anthology, Songs of
Freedom, p. 81.

Footnote 101:

Report on the Ten Hours Bill. J. Morrison Davidson, _op. cit._, p.
268.

Footnote 102:

Robert Hunter, Child Labor in New York, Being a Report to the Governor
of New York.

Footnote 103:

Child Labor Legislation—A Requisite for Industrial Efficiency, by Jane
Addams, in the Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905, p. 131.

Footnote 104:

Problems of the Present South, by Edgar Gardner Murphy, p. 313.

Footnote 105:

Quoted in _Charities_, August 26, 1905.

Footnote 106:

Illiteracy Promoted by Perjury. A pamphlet issued by the Pennsylvania
Child Labor Committee.

Footnote 107:

U. S. Census, vol. ii.

Footnote 108:

Illiteracy Promoted by Perjury, p. 3.

Footnote 109:

U. S. Census, Occupations.

Footnote 110:

E. G. Murphy, _op. cit._, p. 110.

Footnote 111:

Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905, p. 21.

Footnote 112:

Jane Addams, _op. cit._, p. 131.

Footnote 113:

E. G. Murphy, _op. cit._, p. 143.

Footnote 114:

_Idem._, p. 103.

Footnote 115:

An address to the Manufacturers of Cotton, delivered at Glasgow, by
Robert Owen, 1815.

Footnote 116:

U. S. Census, vol. ix.

Footnote 117:

_Idem._

Footnote 118:

Report (unpublished) to the Child Labor Committee, by Owen R. Lovejoy.

Footnote 119:

Child Labor Legislation. Schedules of Existing Legislation. Handbook
of National Consumers’ League, compiled by J. C. Goldmark and Madeline
Wallin Sikes.

Footnote 120:

The Needless Destruction of Boys, by Florence Kelley, _Charities_,
June 3, 1905.

Footnote 121:

Boys in the Glass Industry, by Harriet M. Van Der Vaart, the
_Churchman_, May 6, 1905.

Footnote 122:

Owen R. Lovejoy, report quoted.

Footnote 123:

Florence Kelley, _op. cit._

Footnote 124:

The Anthracite Coal Communities, by Peter Roberts, Ph.D., p. 177.

Poverty, by Robert Hunter, p. 237.

Footnote 125:

Working Children in Pennsylvania—Pamphlet issued by the Child Labor
Committee of Pennsylvania.

Footnote 126:

Child Labor in New York, by Robert Hunter, p. 5.

Footnote 127:

_Idem._

Footnote 128:

U. S. Census, vol. viii, Manufactures, Part II.

Footnote 129:

From a press report of a lecture at Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N.Y.,
by Margaret Dreier (Mrs. Raymond Robins).

Footnote 130:

From an address by Mrs. Florence Kelley, delivered at the Annual
Meeting of the Consumers’ League, January, 1904. Published in the
Report of the Consumers’ League of New York for the year ending
December, 1903.

Footnote 131:

Transactions Illinois Child Study Association, vol. i, No. 1.

Footnote 132:

Labor Problems, by Thomas Sewall Adams, Ph.D., and Helen L. Sumner,
A.B., pp. 62 _et seq._

Footnote 133:

“In a recent investigation made by the Minnesota Bureau of Labor, it
was found that, of the few wage-earners considered, the boys under
sixteen had twice as many accidents as the adults, and the girls under
sixteen thirty-three times as many accidents as the women.”—Adams and
Sumner, _op. cit._, p. 63.

Footnote 134:

The Cost of Child Labor—pamphlet issued by the Child Labor Committee
of Pennsylvania, p. 31.

Footnote 135:

Children in American Street Trades, by Myron E. Adams, in the Annals
of the American Academy, May, 1905.

Footnote 136:

Child Labor—The Street, by Ernest Poole.

Child Labor—Factories and Stores, by Ernest Poole.

Myron E. Adams, _op. cit._

Footnote 137:

Ernest Poole, _op. cit._

Footnote 138:

_Idem._

Footnote 139:

Unprotected Children—pamphlet issued by the Child Labor Committee of
Pennsylvania.

Footnote 140:

See also Child Labor in New Jersey, by Hugh F. Fox, in Annals of the
American Academy, July, 1902.

Footnote 141:

Jane Addams, _op. cit._, p. 131.

Footnote 142:

The Minotola Strike, by the Hon. John W. Westcott, in _Wilshire’s
Magazine_, September, 1903.

Footnote 143:

Hannah R. Sewall, _op. cit._, p. 491.

Footnote 144:

Child Labor in Southern Industry, by A. J. McKelway, in Annals of the
American Academy, May, 1905, p. 433.

Footnote 145:

The Economics of Socialism, by Henry M. Hyndman, p. 80.

Footnote 146:

See, for instance, Poverty, by Robert Hunter, p. 244; Mrs. Sidney
Webb, in The Case for the Factory Acts, etc.

Footnote 147:

History of Coöperation, by George Jacob Holyoake, vol. i, p. 213.

Footnote 148:

Mrs. Sidney Webb, _op. cit._

Footnote 149:

Report of the Consumers’ League of the City of New York, 1903, p. 21.

Footnote 150:

The Children of the Coal Shadow, _McClure’s Magazine_, 1902.

Footnote 151:

_The Churchman_, August 5, 1905.

Footnote 152:

The Operation of the New Child Labor Law in New Jersey, by Hugh F.
Fox, in Annals of the American Academy, May, 1905.

Other works consulted include:—

Report of the Royal Commission on Labor (England); Report of the
Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration.

Hull House Maps and Papers.

Reports of the Industrial Commission (especially vol. xix).

Dangerous Trades, edited by Professor T. Oliver.

The Effects of the Factory System, by Allen Clarke.

Various Reports of the Different Bureaus of Labor, etc.