Chapter IV: Appendix: A (1)

ROLL FROM AN OLD PAPER IN POSSESSION OF THE 7TH DUKE OF ATHOLL. OFFICERS OF THE 42ND HIGHLANDERS, NEW YORK, MAY 22, 1757.

Lt. Col. Francis Grant, son of the Laird of Grant, wounded at
Ticonderoga.

Major Duncan Campbell, of Inverawe, killed at Ticonderoga.

Captain Gordon Graham, of Drainie, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Captain John Reid, of Straloch, wounded at Martinique.

Captain John NcNeil.

Captain Allan Campbell, son of Barcaldine.

Captain Thomas Graeme, of Duchray, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Captain James Abercrombie.

Captain John Campbell, of Strachur, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Captain John Campbell, of Duneavis, killed at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant William Grant, of Rothiemurchus family, wounded at
Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Robert Gray, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant John Campbell, younger of Glenyon, wounded at
Ticonderoga.[39]

Lieutenant George Farquharson, son of Farquharson of Micris,
Braemar, killed at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Sir James Cockburn.[40]

Lieutenant Kenneth Tolmie.

Lieutenant James Grant (Adjutant), wounded at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant John Graham (quartermaster) wounded at Ticonderoga and
wounded at Fort Pitt.

Lieutenant Hugh McPherson, killed at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Alex. Turnbull, of Strathcavers, wounded at Martinique.

Lieutenant Alex. Campbell, son of Inverawe, wounded at
Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Alex. McIntosh, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant James Gray.

Lieutenant William Baillie, killed at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Hugh Arnot.

Lieutenant John Sutherland, killed at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant John Small.

Lieutenant Archibald Campbell.

Lieutenant James Campbell.

Lieutenant Archibald Lamont.

Ensign Duncan Campbell, wounded at Fort Pitt.

Ensign Patrick Balneavis,[41] son of Edradour, wounded at
Ticonderoga, wounded at Martinique.

Ensign Patrick Stewart,[42] son of Bonskeid, killed at
Ticonderoga.

Ensign Norman MacLeod.

Ensign George Campbell.

Ensign Donald Campbell.

Ensign James McIntosh, wounded at Fort Pitt.

Ensign Alex. McIntosh, wounded at Martinique.

Ensign Peter Grant, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Three additional Companies embarked for America, November, 1757.

Captain James Stewart, younger of Urrard, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Captain James Murray, son of Lord G. Murray, wounded at
Ticonderoga, wounded at Martinique.

Captain Thomas Stirling, younger of Ardoch, wounded at
Martinique, wounded at New Jersey.

Lieutenant Simon Blair.

Lieutenant David Barclay, killed at Martinique.

Lieutenant Archibald Campbell, wounded at Ticonderoga.

Lieutenant Alex. Mackay.

Lieutenant Alex. Menzies.

Lieutenant David Milne,[43] wounded at Ticonderoga, wounded at
Martinique.

Ensign Duncan Stewart, son of Derculich.

Ensign George Rattray, son of Dalralzion, killed at Ticonderoga.

Ensign Alex. Farquharson.

Ensign John Smith is added in ink to the 1858 Army List in
the N. Y. State Library at Albany and is also marked as
“wounded at Ticonderoga.”

Reviewing the Atholl Highlanders

Sir John James Hugh Henry Stewart-Murray, K. T., Seventh Duke of Atholl]

B

ROLL OF CAPT. JOHN REID’S COMPANY, NOV. 1757.

The following is the roll of Capt. John Reid’s Company of the 42nd, which was commanded by Capt. James Murray during the expedition. Taken from Atholl Records, page 440, Vol. III.

Capt. James Murray, wounded.
Lieut. Kenneth Tolmie.
Lieut. David Mill, wounded.
Ensign Charles Menzies.
Sergt. James McNab.
Sergt. John McAndrews.
Sergt. John Watson.
Sergt. Alex’r Cumming.
Corporal John Cumming.
Corporal Jonathan Grant.
Corporal Angus McDonald.
Corporal John Stewart.
Drum Walter McIntyre, killed.
Drum Alan Campbell.

_Privates_

Wm. Anderson.
John Buchanan, killed.
Angus Cameron.
Hugh Cameron, killed.
Wm. Carmichael.
Donald Carr, killed.
Hugh Christie.
Alex. Cumming.
James Farquharson, killed.
Alex Fraser.
Donald Fraser.
Donald Fraser.
Hugh Fraser.
Hugh Fraser, killed.
John Forbes.
John Graham.
Donald Grant.
James Grant.
John Grant.
John Grant.
William Grant.
James Gordon.
William Gordon.
Donald Kennedy.
Donald Kennedy.
John Kennedy.
George McAdam.
John McArthur.
Donald McColl.
Donald McDiarmid.
Angus McDonald.
Arch’d McDonald.
Arch’d McDonald, killed.
James McDonald, killed.
John McDonald.
Lachlan McDonald.
William McDonald, killed.
Neil McEachern.
Peter McFarlane.
Peter McFarlane, killed.
John McGillvray.
Leonard McGlashan.
Alex McGregor.
Donald McGregor.
Robert McGregor.
John McIntosh.
Alex McIntyre.
Donald McIntyre.
James McIntyre, killed.
Hector McInven.
Hugh McKay.
Alex’r McKenzie.
Hugh McKenzie.
John McKenzie, killed.
John McKenzie.
Roderick McKenzie.
Dougall McLachlan, killed.
John McLaren.
Roderick McLaren.
Neil McLeod.
Norman McLeod, killed.
Donald McLeish.
Donald McLeish.
William McLinnion.
Neil McMillan.
Donald McNeil, killed.
Neil McNeil.
Hugh McPhee.
John McPhee.
Alex McPherson.
Donald McPherson.
Donald McQueen, killed.
James Michael.
Donald Murray.
James Murray.
James Rea.
Alex’r Reid.
Alex’r Ross.
Donald Ross.
Hugh Ross, killed.
John Ross.
Donald Robertson.
Neil Shaw.
John Sinclair, died of wounds.
John Smith.
Walter Spaulding.
Alex’r Stewart.
Charles Stewart, died of wounds.
Donald Stewart, died of wounds.
Walter Stewart, died of wounds.
Robert Urquhart.
Donald Watson.
Donald Wheet.
William Wishart.
Duncan Wright.

The above roll was made out at the muster in October, 1757, and contains the names of those who served in the Company for the previous six months. Unfortunately the names of the non-commissioned officers and men who were wounded at Ticonderoga are not shown.

C

ROLL OF CAPT. JAMES MURRAY’S COMPANY, NOV. 1757.

This Company was at Fort Edward captained by Capt. James Abercrombie and not in the battle of July 8, 1758.

Atholl Records, p. 431, Vol. III.

Sergt. Wm. Grant.
Sergt. Charles Robinson.
Sergt, John McQueen.
Corporal John Leslie.
Corporal Robert Lachlan.
Drummer Alan Campbell.

_Privates_

George Bremmer.
Donald Brown.
Duncan Cameron.
John Campbell.
Donald Conacher.
William Cowie.
James Douglas.
Donald Drummond.
James Duncan.
Alex Fraser (1).
Alex Fraser (2).
William Fife.
Robert Grant.
Alex Irvine.
James Kennedy.
Duncan McAndrew.
Donald McDiarmid.
Archibald McDonald.
Archibald McDonald.
Donald McDonald.
John McDonald.
William McDonald.
Peter McFarlane.
Alex’r McIntosh.
Robert McIntosh.
Robert McIntosh.
William McIntosh.
Donald McLean.
Donald McLean.
Thos. McNab.
Alex McPherson.
James McPherson.
Donald McRaw.
Robert Menzies.
William Munroe.
John Murray.
Alex’r Nicholson.
Alex’r Norrie.
Alex’r Reid.
Alex’r Robertson.
Angus Robertson.
Archibald Robertson.
Charles Robertson.
Donald Robertson.
James Robertson.
James Robertson.
John Robertson.
Peter Robertson.
James Scroggie.
Alex’r Stewart.
Alex’r Stewart.
Alex’r Stewart.
John Stewart.
Robert Stewart.
Thomas Stewart.
William Stewart.
John Wighton.
John Wighton.

D

_LIST OF PROMOTION 42D REGIMENT OF FOOT._

_From Paper in Public Record Office, London._

DATE
RANK NAME 1758 IN ROOM OF

Major Gordon Graham 17th July Duncan Campbell, dead
Captain William Grant 23d ” Gordon Graham, promoted
Capt. Lieut. Robert Gray 22d ” John Campbell, killed
Lieut. Duncan Campbell 23d ” William Grant, promoted
” Donald Campbell 24th ” Robert Gray, promoted
” James McIntosh 25th ” George Farquharson, killed
” John Smith 26th ” Hugh McPherson, killed
” Peter Grant 27th ” William Baillie, killed
” Duncan Stewart 28th ” John Sutherland, killed
” Alex. Farquharson 29th ” Hugh Arnotte, pref’d (80th
foot)
Ensign Arch. Campbell, Jr. 21st ” Norman McLeod, pref’d
(80th foot)
” John Gregor 22nd ” George Campbell, pref’d
(80th foot)
” Lewis Grant 23d ” Patrick Stewart, killed
” Arch. Campbell, Sen’r 24th ” George Ratthray, killed
” John Graham 25th ” Duncan Campbell, promoted
” Allen Grant 26th ” Donald Campbell, promoted
” John Leith 27th ” Jas. McIntosh, promoted
” Charles Menzies 28th ” John Smith, promoted
” Archibald McNab 29th ” Peter Grant, promoted

E

COMPARISON OF LOSSES OF BLACK WATCH AT TICONDEROGA WITH THOSE OF OTHER WARS.

In the “Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861, 1865. A treatise in the extent and nature of the mortuary losses in the Union Regiments, with full and exhaustive statistics compiled from the official records on file on the State Military Bureaus and at Washington, by William F. Fox, Lieut. Col. U. S. V., president of the Society of the 12th Army Corps; late president of the 107th New York Veteran Volunteer Association. Albany Publishing Company, Albany, N. Y., 1899.” The writer states that he has examined the records of 2,000 regiments of the Union Army and on page 2 he says, “The one regiment in all the Union Army which sustained the greatest loss in battle during the American Civil War was the 5th New Hampshire Infantry. It lost 295 men, killed or mortally wounded in action during the four years of service from 1861 to 1865. It served in the first division, second corps. This division was commanded successively by General Richardson, Hancock, Caldwall, Barlow and Miles and any regiment that followed the fortunes of these men was sure to find plenty of bloody work cut out for it. Its loss includes 18 officers killed, a number far in excess of the usual proportions and indicates that the men were bravely led.”

“There were 34 regiments of the Union Army whose casualties in killed, wounded or missing amounted to 58 per cent or over of the men engaged in one battle in each case, however, there was not a full regiment engaged. For example, the 1st Minnesota at Gettysburg, which was the highest per centage, had 47 killed and 168 wounded, or a total loss of 215 out of 262 men engaged. This is a loss of 82 per cent.

The 9th Illinois at Shiloh had 61 killed, 300 wounded and 5 missing, a total of 63.3 per cent.

The Light Brigade which has been immortalized by Tennyson took 673 officers and men into that charge at Balaklava in which 113 were killed and 134 wounded, a total of 247 or 36.7 per cent.

THE PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETS BAY, IN NEW ENGLAND BY AN ORDER OF THE GREAT AND GENERAL COURT BEARING DATE FEB^Y 1^{ST} 1759, CAUSED THIS MONUMENT TO BE ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF GEORGE AUGUSTUS LORD VISCOUNT HOWE, BRIGADIER GENERAL OF HIS MAJESTY’S FORCES IN AMERICA, WHO WAS SLAIN JULY THE 6^{TH} 1758, ON THE MARCH TO TICONDEROGA, IN THE 34^{TH} YEAR OF HIS AGE: IN TESTIMONY OF THE SENSE THEY HAD OF HIS SERVICES AND MILITARY VIRTUES, AND OF THE AFFECTION THEIR OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS BORE TO HIS COMMAND.

HE LIVED RESPECTED AND BELOVED: THE PUBLICK REGRETTED HIS LOSS; TO HIS FAMILY IT IS IRREPARABLE.]

The heaviest loss in the German army of the Franco-Prussian war was the 16th Infantry (3d Westphalian) at Mars LaTour which had 509 killed, 619 wounded, 365 missing, a total of 1,484 or 49.4 per cent. out of 3,000 men. The regiments of the German army had 3,000 men.”

The above are the greatest casualties suffered in three great wars taken from a book compiled by an authority who had made a study of the subject. Compare with these the loss of the Black Watch at Ticonderoga given by Col. Stewart of Garth as 8 officers, 9 sergeants and 297 men killed and 17 officers, 10 sergeants and 306 soldiers wounded or a casualty of 647 (64.7 per cent) out of the 1,000 men of the 42nd reported by General Abercrombie at Lake George, June 29, 1758.

F

TABLE OF LOSSES OF BLACK WATCH IN SEVEN YEAR WAR.

The loss sustained by the regiment during the seven years it was employed in America and the West Indies was as follows:

========================================================================
KILLED WOUNDED
------------------------------------------------------------------------
F C S S D P | F C S S D P
i a u e r r | i a u e r r
e p b r u i | e p b r u i
l t a j m v | l t a j m v
d a l e m a | d a l e m a
i t a e t | i t a e t
O n e n r e | O n e n r e
f s r t s s | f s r t s s
f n s | f n s
i s | i s
c | c
e | e
r | r
s | s
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758 1 1 6 9 2 297 | - 5 12 10 - 306
Martinique, January, 1759 - - - - - 8 | - - 1 2 - 22
Guadeloupe, Feb. and Mar., 1759 - - 1 1 - 25 | - - 4 3 - 57
General Amherst’s E-pedition to |
the Lakes, July and Aug., 1759 - - - - - 3 | - - - 1 - 4
Martinique, Jan. and Feb., 1762 - 1 1 6 - 12 | 1 1 7 3 1 72
Havana, June and July, 1762, |
both battalions - - - - - 6 | - - - 1 - 12
E-pedition under Colonel Boquet, |
August, 1763 - 1 1 1 - 26 | - 1 1 2 2 30
Second E-pedition under Boquet, |
in 1764 and 1765 - - - - - 7 | - - - 1 - 19
------------------|-------------------
Total in the Seven Year’s War 1 3 9 12 2 384 | 1 7 25 22 4 522
========================================================================
Stewart of Garth, Appendix.

G

OFFICIAL TITLES OF BLACK WATCH AT DIFFERENT PERIODS.

1667 to 1739, The Black Watch.

1739 to 1749, The Regiment was known during this period by the names of its Colonels, as was the custom in the British Army at that time, Earl of Crawford’s, Lord Sempill’s, Lord John Murray’s. It was also called The Highland Regiment. It is said that the Regiment was at first the 43d Regt. of Foot, but while it was 43d in order of precedence it is a question if it was ever officially called the 43d.

1749 to 1758, 42nd Regiment of Foot (The Highland Regiment).

1758 to 1861, 42nd (or Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot.

1861 to 1881, 42nd Royal Highlanders (The Black Watch).

1881 to date, 1st Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).

* * * * *

1758 to 1786, 2nd Battalion 42nd (or Royal Highland), Regiment of Foot.

1786 to 1862, 73d (Highland) Regiment of Foot.

1862 to 1881, 73d (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot.

1881 to date, 2nd Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).

PRINCIPAL CAMPAIGNS, BATTLES, ETC.

* “Honors” on the Colors, the figures showing the Battalion concerned.

1743-47 Flanders.
1745 Fontenoy.
1745 Jacobite rising.
1757-60 Canada.
1758 Ticonderoga.
1759 Guadeloupe.
1762 Martinique.
1762 Havannah.
1762-67 Indian Frontier.
1763 Bushy Run.
1775-81 America.
1776 Long Island.
1776 White Plains.
1776 Brooklyn.
1776 Fort Washington.
1777 Pisquata.
1777 Brandywine.
1777 Germantown.
1778 Freehold.
1780 Charlestown.
*1783 Mysore (2).
*1783 Mangalore (2).
1793 Pondicherry.
1793-95 Flanders.
1793 Nieuport.
1794 Nimeguen.
1795 Ceylon.
1795 Guildermalsen.
1796 St. Lucia.
1797 St. Vincent.
1798 Minorca.
*1799 Seringapatam (2).
1799 Genoa.
1799 Cadiz.
1800 Malta.
*1801 Egypt (1).
1801 Alexandria.
1801 Aboukir.
1801 Mandora.
*1808-14 Peninsula (1).
1808 Roleia.
1808 Vimiera.
*1809 Corunna (1).
1810 Busaco.
*1811 Fuentes d’Onor (1).
1812 Ciudad Rodrigo.
1812 Salamanca.
1812 Burgos.
*1813 Pyrenees (1).
1813 Gohrde.
*1813 Nivelle (1).
*1813 Nive (1).
*1814 Orthes (1).
1814 Antwerp.
*1814 Toulouse (1).
1815 Quatre Bras.
*1815 Waterloo (1 and 2).
1815 Netherlands.
*1846-53 South Africa (2).
*1854 Alma (1).
1854 Balaclava.
1854 Kertch.
1855 Yenikale.
*1855 Sevastopol (1).
1857-58 Indian Mutiny.
1857 Cawnpore.
*1858 Lucknow (1).
*1874 Ashantee (1).
*1882-84 Egypt (1).
*1882 Tel-el-Kebir (1).
*1884-85 Nile (1).
1884 El-Teb.
1884 Tamai.
*1885 Kirbekan (1).
*1899-1902 South Africa.
*1900 Paardeberg.

H

BRITISH REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA, 1758.

_With Notes From Farmer’s Regimental Records._

27th.

1751-1881, The 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot. Also 1758 “Lord Blakeney’s.”

1881 (from) First Battalion “The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers.”

Nickname--“The Lumps.”

Notes.--Formed from three Companies of the Inniskilling
forces. It is unique in using the old Irish war-pipes. While
employed on the Isthmus of Darien all but nine of six hundred
men succumbed. For distinguished gallantry at St. Lucia, in
1696, it was directed that the French garrison in marching
out should lay down their arms to the 27th, other marks of
favor being likewise accorded to the officers and men of the
regiment.

42nd.

1749-58, 42nd Regiment of Foot (The Highland Regiment).

1758-1861, 42nd (or Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot. Also “Lord John Murray’s,” 1758 and 59.

1881 (from) 1st Battalion The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders).

Regimental Badges-“The Royal Cypher within the Garter.” The badge and motto of the Order of the Thistle. Also (in each of the four corners) the Royal Cypher ensigned with the Imperial Crown. Also “The Sphinx” (for Egypt, 1801).

Notes.--The 1st Battalion of this famous corps, the oldest
Highland regiment in the British army, was raised from six
Independent companies of Highlanders. Its sombre dress of
black, blue, and green tartan gave rise to its popular name.
To enumerate its services is simply to narrate the military
history of Great Britain since the early part of the last
century. Hardly a campaign has been conducted, or a battle
fought, in which the Black Watch--one battalion or the
other, or both in company--has not participated; always with
bravery, and frequently with conspicuous gallantry. Thereto
its records of services abundantly testifies. At Fontenoy,
Ticonderoga, and at Bushy Run “extraordinary and unexampled”
gallantry was shown. It received Royal distinction in its
change of title in 1758, and was privileged to wear the red
heckle in the bonnet, in recognition of its conduct at the
battle of Guildermalsen in 1795. In Egypt (in 1801, for which
it bears “The Sphinx”), before Alexandria, it captured the
Standard of the French Invincible Legion. Since then it has
heaped fame on fame, and added “honor” to “honor” to its
colours. Nor has the 2nd Battalion (raised in Perthshire in
1758 as the second Battalion of the 42nd, but, renumbered,
long known as the 73rd prior to the territorial restoration
of the ancient status) failed to win fresh laurels as
occasion arose. At Mangalore (1783) against Tippoo Sahib, and
side by side with the senior Battalion at Waterloo, in the
Netherlands, in the Indian Mutiny, and in the Kaffir wars of
1846-53, it has worthily sustained the undying fame of the
regiment. Recent events in South Africa show that neither
the officers nor the men of today have lost one iota of
that traditional dash, determination, and the bravery which
have won for the Black Watch so glorious a place in British
military annals.

44th.

1751-82, The 44th Regiment of Foot. Also 1758, “General Abercrombie’s.”

1881 (from) The First Battalion “The Essex Regiment.”

Nicknames--“The Two Fours” (of the 44th). “The Little Fighting Fours,” (the regiment saw hard service in the Peninsula, and its men were of small average stature). “The Pompadours” and “Saucy Pompeys.” (Tradition relates that when the facings were changed in 1764 (the crimson not wearing well) the Colonel desired Blue, but the authorities objecting, he chose Purple, a favorite color of Madame de Pompadour, a mistress of Louis XV, of France).

Notes.--The 44th captured an Eagle of the 62nd French
Infantry at Salamanica.

46th.

1751-82, The 46th Regiment of Foot. Also 1758 “Lieut. Gen. Thomas Murray’s.”

1881 (from) Second Battalion “Duke of Cornwall’s Light infantry.”

Nicknames--These pertain to the late 46th; “Murray’s Buck’s” (from Colonel name (1743-64) and its smart appearance on home duty in Scottish Royal livery). “The Surprisers” (from an incident (1777) in the American War). “The Lacedemonians” (its Colonel once when under fire, made a disciplinarian speech concerning the Lacedemonians). Also in early days, “The Edinburgh Regiment.” “The Red Feathers.” “The Docs” (the initials).

Note.--“The Two Feathers” is a distinction of the 46th, a
Light company of which, in 1777, with others were brigaded as
“The Light Battalion.” The Americans were so harrassed by the
Brigade that they vowed “No Quarter.” In derision, to prevent
mistakes, the Light Battalion dyed their feathers red; the
46th Foot alone has retained the distinction.

55th

1757-82, The 55th Regiment of Foot. Also “Lord Howe’s” in 1858 and “Prideaux’s” in 1759.

1881 (from) Second Battalion “The Border Regiment.”

Nickname--“The Two Fives” (to the 55th for its number).

Notes.--The Dragon of China is on the Regimental Badge of the
55th in honor of the victorious campaign in China in 1840-42.

1st and 4th Battalions 60th.

1755-57, The 62nd (Royal American) Regiment of Foot; renumbered.

1757-1824, The 60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot.

1881 (from) Second Battalion “The Border Regiment.”

Notes.--This regiment, though possessing no “Colors,” bears
more honors than any other regiment, the Highland Light
Infantry coming next with twenty-nine. Motto, “Swift and
Bold,” bestowed according to tradition by General Wolfe in
recognition of its conduct at Quebec.

80th.

1758-64, The 80th (Light-armed) Regiment of Foot. Also “Gage’s.” (Disbanded 1764).

The Royal Regiment of Artillery.

One arm or other of this branch of the Service has, obviously, taken part in every campaign; a particularized list is therefore unnecessary. The guns are the “Colours” of the Artillery, and as such are entitled to all “parade honours.” Formerly, regimental honors appear to have been worn by certain companies. Amongst such are “Niagara,” “Leipsic,” “Waterloo,” and “The Dragon of China.”

Nicknames--“The Gunners;” “The Four-wheeled Hussars” (of the Royal Horse Artillery).

Notes.--Trains of artillery seem to have been raised in the
time of Henry VIII., and up to 1716 appear to have been
disbanded after each campaign. In 1716 several companies
received permanent corporate existence, since which
exigencies of modern warfare have led to an enormous increase
in the number of batteries. But from first to last, the
record of the Royal Artillery has been one of distinction,
and it may fitly be said to share the honors of all other
regiments. The Royal Irish Artillery were absorbed in 1801,
and the East India Company’s Artillery in 1858.

BRITISH REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA, 1759.

1st.

1751-1812, The 1st, or The Royal Regiment of Foot, also the “Royals.”

1881 (from) The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment).

Nickname--“Pontius Pilate’s Body-Guard.” It is a legend of the Regiment that the Romans carried off a number of wild, war-like Highlanders as prisoners after their conquest of Britain, and these men and their descendants became soldiers of the Roman Empire and as such they guarded the tomb of Our Saviour after the crucifixion. This Scottish company, for it only consisted of one hundred men under a centurion, was kept distinct from the Roman Army proper. At the time of the crucifixion they were called Pontius Pilate’s Scots Guards, and their descendants were the nucleus of the First Royal Scots in later years.

Notes.--The oldest Regiment of Foot in the British Army.
Traditionally regarded as the ancient body-guard of the
Scottish kings, this famous corps was in the service of
Sweden, as “Hepburn’s Regiment,” from 1625 to 1633; and in
that of France from 1633 to 1678, when (under Dumbarton) it
came to England. It received its title in 1684 in recognition
of the capture of a Colour from the Moors at Tangier. At
Sedgemoor (1685) it also captured the Duke of Monmouth’s
Standard.

17th.

1751-82, The 17th Regiment of Foot. Also “Forbes.”

1881 (from) “The Leicestershire Regiment.”

Nicknames--“The Bengal Tigers” (from its badge); “The Lily-whites” (from its facings).

Notes.--Mainly raised near London; twelve regiments in all
were formed in 1688, but this and the 16th (The Bedfordshire)
are alone in commission now.

27th.

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758.

42nd.

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758.

55th.

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758.

77th.

1756-63, The 77th (Montgomery Highlanders) Regiment; disbanded 1763.

80th.

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758.

Royal Artillery.

See above, Ticonderoga, 1758.

I

PROVINCIAL REGIMENTS AT TICONDEROGA.

(The writer will have to admit that this list is more or less incomplete, even the N. Y. State Library at Albany had only scattered items. It would seem as if this would be a good subject for an article for some future meeting of the Association and any information will be gratefully received).

1758.

The New York Colonial Manuscripts, edited by Callaghan, page 732, in the list of regiments having officers wounded at the battle of July 8, 1758, gives the following regiments: Col. DeLancey’s, New York; Col. Babcock’s, Rhode Island; Col. Fitche’s, Connecticut; Col. Worcester’s, Connecticut; Col. Bagley’s, Massachusetts; Col. Partridge’s, Massachusetts; Col. Preble’s, Massachusetts; Col. Johnston’s, New Jersey. Parkman mentions Col. Bradstreet with his regiment of boatmen, armed and drilled as soldiers and it is also certain that Roger’s Rangers were with the expedition.

The year book of the Maine Chapter of the Society of Colonial Wars for 1900 gives much information in regard to Col. Preble’s regiment, Maine being in 1758 a part of Massachusetts. Mention is made in this article of regiments officered by “Col. Doty, Col. Joseph Williams, Col. Nickols, Col. Whitings.”

Also in the New York Colonial Manuscripts, Vol. 10, P. 827 it mentions a force of about 3,000 men nearly all of whom were provincials, under Col. Bradstreet, in the expedition against Fort Frontinac after the battle of July 8, 1758, and of the number of soldiers engaged, the list is given as “New Yorkers 1112, Col. Williams’ regiment 413, Col. Douty’s 248, Rhode Island 318, and Jersey 418.”

It is not clear whether these regiments were at the battle of Ticonderoga and were not mentioned in list page 732 of the New York Colonial Manuscripts because none of the officers were wounded, or whether they were the same regiments but with different officers, a change having been made after the battle.

1759

The provincial regiments mentioned in Commissary Wilson’s Orderly Book as being in the Ticonderoga expedition of 1759 are as follows: Col. Lyman’s, Connecticut; Col. Whiting’s, Connecticut; Col. Worcester’s, Connecticut; Col. Fitch’s, Connecticut; Col. Willard’s, Massachusetts; Col. Ruggle’s, Massachusetts; Col. Lovell’s, New Hampshire; Col. Schuyler’s, New Jersey; Col. Babcock’s, Rhode Island.

J

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF AS MANY OF THE OFFICERS OF 1758 AS COULD BE TRACED.

_James Abercrombie._

James Abercrombie was promoted to a captaincy in the 42nd or 1st Battalion of the Royal Highlanders on the 16th of February, 1756. On the 5th of May, 1759, he was appointed aide de camp to Maj. Gen. Amherst, with whom he made the campaigns of that and the following year. On the 25th of July, 1760, he was appointed Major of the 78th or Fraser’s Highlanders and in September following was employed by Gen. Amherst in communicating to the Marquis de Vaudreuil the conditions preparatory to the surrender of Montreal and in obtaining the signature of that governor to them. (Knox’s Journal). The 78th having been disbanded in 1763, Major Abercrombie retired on half pay. On the 27th of March, 1770, he again entered active service as Lt. Colonel of the 22nd Regiment then serving in America under the command of Lt. Col. Gage and was killed in the memorable Battle of Bunker Hill on the 17th of June, 1775.

New York Colonial Manuscripts by Broadhead, Weed, Parsons
Co., Albany, 1856, page 160.

_Hugh Arnot._

Hugh Arnot was taken from the half pay list and appointed a Lieutenant in the 42nd Highlanders, 9th April, 1756, at the augmentation of that Regiment on its coming to America, and was promoted to a Company on the 27th December, 1757. He served in the unfortunate affair of Ticonderoga in 1758, and in 1759 accompanied Amherst as above. On the 16th August, 1760, he exchanged into the 46th Foot, in which Regiment he continued to serve until 1769, when his name was dropped from the Army List.

Wilson’s Orderly Book, p. 143.

_Patrick Balneaves._

Patrick Balneaves, of Edradour, entered the 42nd, as Ensign, 28th January, 1756, and was promoted to be Lieutenant 1st April, 1758; he was wounded at Ticonderoga, 1758; and again at Martinico in 1762; became Captain-Lieutenant 23rd August, 1763, and left the army in 1770.

Stewart. Army Lists. N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol.
10.

Tablet on Boulder near French Lines at Fort Ticonderoga

Tablet in Black Watch Memorial at Ticonderoga]

_Allan Campbell._

Allan Campbell, son of Barcaldine, entered the Army as Ensign of the 43d (now the 42nd) Highlanders, Dec. 25, 1744, and served that year against the Pretender. Was made prisoner of war at Preston Pans, 21st Sept. 1745 and sent on parole to Perth. Was appointed lieutenant Dec. 1, 1746. He obtained a Company 13th of May, 1755, and the next year came to America, where he shared the difficulties and honors of the Regiment. In June, 1759, he was appointed Major for the campaign under Amherst, and was actively employed at the Head of the Grenadiers and Rangers, clearing the way for the army up the Lakes. He became major in the army 15th August, 1762, and went on half-pay on the reduction of the regiment in 1763, having obtained a grant of 5,000 acres of land at Crown Point. He served 19 years in the regiment. In 1770, he was appointed Major of the 36th or Herefordshire Foot, then serving in Jamaica; became Lieutenant-Colonel in the army in May (1772), and of his regiment in January, 1778; Colonel in the Army, 17th Nov. 1780; Major-General in 1787; and died 1795. His Regiment did not serve in America during the Revolutionary War.

An extract from his will dated 2nd March 1787, reads:

“And whereas I am under a grant from the Crown intitled to a
considerable tract of land and heredits situate, lying and being
in the Province of New York in the County of Albany in America,
between Ticonderoga and Crown Point. * * * I do hereby give,
devise and bequeath unto my two sisters, Isabella Campbell,
(wife of John C. of Archalader, in the Shire of Perth, in North
Britain, aforesaid Esquire), and Jane Campbell of Edinchip,
in the Shire of Perth, aforesaid, widow of Colin Campbell of
Edinchip, aforesaid, Esq. deceased, their heirs, executors,
Administrates, and Assigns, all my said track of land and
heredits, in America,” etc.

Browne, IV, 150.

Knox Journal, I, 373, 377, 387; II, 401.

Army List. Commissionary Wilson’s Orderly Book. 1759. p. 18.
Stewart of Garth Appendix.

_Archibald Campbell._

Archibald Campbell. Born 1720. Eldest son of Duncan Campbell of Glendaruel and Lockhead. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Archibald Campbell of Inverary. He was appointed Ensign 42d Regt. 23d Jan. 1756, Lieut. 28th July 1757, Captain 4th Dec. 1759. Died 3d June 1762.

_Donald Campbell._

Donald Campbell, son of Donald Campbell Bailie of McKairn, Taynuilt Argyll, was appointed Ensign in the 42d Regt. of Foot, 5th May 1756. He was with one of the additional companies in the “Anandall” which sprang two leaks, lost her mizen mast, was attacked three times by Privateers (which they beat off with small arms), and was driven into the West Indies, so that she did not arrive in New York, in time for the company to join the attack on Ticonderoga. He was appointed Lieut. 24th July 1758 and retired 13th June 1761, having served with the Royal Highlanders from 1758 to 1761.

Highlanders in America by MacLean, page 176, N. Y. Colonial
Documents, page 629.

_Duncan Campbell (Killochronan, Island of Mull)._

Extract from the Memorial of Captain Duncan Campbell, American Loyalist Claims.

“Humbly Sheweth, that he was a native of Great Britain and he
was appointed Ensign in the 42nd Highlanders 26 January 1756,
in which Corps he served the war before last in America and the
West Indies. And in August 1763 the Regiment was ordered on an
expedition to the relief of Fort Pitt, then invested by the
savages.

On the march he was severely wounded at the battle of Bushy
Run, and for a long time rendered unfit for service. (In this
skirmishing warfare the troops suffered much from the want of
water and the extreme heat of the weather) which occasioned his
retiring on half pay in 1764.

He soon thereafter settled at Fredricksburg, Dutchess Co. in the
Prov. of New York (in 1769) and purchased a valuable track of
land from Colonel Beverly Robinson and others on good terms. In
1775 he was Colonel of Militia and Magistrate for the said county.

That at the commencement of the troubles he took an early and
decided part in favor of His Majesty’s government, which rendered
him so obnoxious to the popular party where he dwelt that he was
obliged to fly to New York, to save his life, from the family and
abandon his property in June 1775. That soon after his arrival
there he engaged as an officer in the 2nd Battalion Highland
Emigrant’s in which he continued doing duty until the cessation
of hostilities, and consequent reduction of the Regiment in Nova
Scotia, in which Province he now dwells. (2 January 1784).

That early in June 1775 he got on board the Asia ship of war (64
gun frigate) then stationed in New York and soon after was joined
by some recruits he had engaged to follow him. In July thereafter
he went to Boston where Gen. Gage then Commander-in-Chief,
gave him command of an armed transport in which he returned to
New York where he enlisted and received on board about 60 more
recruits. That in September he returned again to Boston where
he left all his recruits except 26 which were left on board as
Marines, on the 8 October he was sent back on the same service.
But on the 16 of the same month was unfortunately shipwrecked on
the coast of New Jersey.

On this service he lost all his money and baggage to the
amount of £100. This loss His Excellency Sir William Howe,
then Commander-in-Chief, would not think of reimbursing at the
time. In consequence of the shipwreck he and his party had the
misfortune to be made prisoners and was carried to Philadelphia
where he was fourteen months in a small apartment of the dismal
gaol where he contracted a sickness which was likely to prove
fatal to him.

How soon he was taken his family were turned out of doors and
deprived of everything they had except some wearing apparell. The
distressed situation of the family so driven from their home may
be easier felt than described. It brought on for a beginning the
untimely death of an amiable wife, and deprived his five infant
children of a mother’s care whereby they for some time became
objects of compassion which he was unable to rescue them from.
Until he was exchanged and joined his Regiment (in January 1777)
he thereafter continued to serve during the war.

N. B. The Memorialist was appointed Second Oldest Captain in
the 2nd Batt. 84th Regiment the 14 June 1775 and was reduced in
October 1783 without a step of preferment in the Regt. or in the
Line.

Captain 4th Breadalbane Regt. of Fencibles 2nd Batt. 1 March
1793; Major 17 Feb. 1794; Lieut. Col. 9 Dec. 1795; Regiment
disbanded 18 April 1799. He died at Edinburgh in Dec. 1799.”

Major Sir Duncan Campbell of Barcaldine, Bart. C. V. O.

Stewart, I, 279; II, Appendix No. 11.

Officers Quarters or West Barracks

Two views from same point showing before and after restoration

The Block House, summer residence of Howland Pell

A reproduction of the Germain redoubt

The Pavilion, summer residence of S. H. Pell. Built in 1826 by
William F. Pell, Esq]

_John Campbell of Duneavis._

John Campbell, of Duneaves, Perthshire, was originally a private in the Black Watch. In 1743, he was presented, with Gregor McGregor, to George II, as a specimen of the Highland soldier and performed at St. James the broadsword exercise and that of the Lochaber axe, before his Majesty and a number of General officers. Each got a gratuity of a guinea, which they gave to the porter at the gate of the palace as they passed out. Mr. Campbell obtained an Ensigncy in 1745 for his bravery at the battle of Fontenoy; was promoted to be Captain-Lieutenant, 16th February, 1756, and landed in New York the following June. He was among the few resolute men who forced their way into the work at Ticonderoga, on the 8th of July, where he was killed.

_John Campbell of Glendaruel._

John Campbell of Glendaruel, born in 1721, was appointed Ensign of the 42nd Regt. of Foot 25th Sept., 1745; Lieutenant 16th May, 1748; Captain Lieut. 2nd July 1759; and Captain 20th July 1760; Captain 27th or Inniskilling Regiment of Foot 25th March 1762; Major Supt. of Indian Affairs in the Province of Quebec 2nd July, 1773; Lieut. Col. of Indian Affairs 29th August 1777; and Colonel 16th Nov. 1790.

He married Marianna St. Lucan (date not given) and died Montreal, 23rd June 1795.

“In the course of a long and meritorious service with his Regiment, the 42nd Highlanders, in all its campaigns from the Rebellion in 1745 to the attack on Ticonderoga, where he was wounded on the 8th July, 1758, and the conquest of Canada, Martinique, and Havanna. He subsequently served in the expedition commanded by General Burgoyne, at the head of a number of Indians, and was distinguished for his spirited conduct as an officer, adorned by that elegance and politeness which mark the accomplished gentleman and his virtues in private life endeared him to his family and companions.

His remains were attended to the grave in a manner suitable to his rank. Not only by a very numerous assembly of citizens of all ranks, but by a large body of Indian warriors, whose very decent behavior evinced the sincerity with which they partook of the universal regret occasioned by the loss of so very respectable a member of society.”

Major Sir Duncan Campbell of Barcaldine, Bart. C. V. O.

_John Campbell of Strachur._

John Campbell of Strachur, in the Highlands of Scotland, entered the Army in June, 1745, as Lieutenant of Loudon’s Highlanders; served through the Scotch Rebellion; made the Campaign in Flanders, 1747, and was promoted to a company on the 1st October of that year. At the peace of 1748, he went on Half-Pay and so remained until the 9th April, 1756, when he was appointed to the 42nd Highlanders previous to the embarcation of that Regiment for America. He was wounded in the attack on Ticonderoga in 1758, and was appointed by General Amherst Major of the 17th Foot on the 11th July, 1759; was promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army, 1st February, 1762 and commanded his Regiment in the expedition that year against Martinico and Havana. On the 1st May, 1773, he became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 57th or West Middlesex Foot, returned to America in 1776 with his Regiment at the breaking out of the Revolution; was appointed Maj. General 19th February, 1779, Colonel of his Regiment 2d November, 1780, and commanded the British Forces in West Florida, where after a gallant though ineffectual defence he was obliged to surrender Pensacola to the Spaniards 10th May, 1781. He became Lieutenant-General 28th September, 1787; General in the Army, 26th January, 1797, and died in the fore part of 1806.

Brown, IV., 155, 159.

Stewart’s Sketches of the Highlanders, I, 295, 306, 359, 370;
II, 5, app. iii; Knox Journal, I, 373; II, 401; Beatson’s
Naval and Mil. Mem. V, 50, 226-233; VI, 274-280; Army Lists.
Wilson’s Orderly Book, page 94.

_Moses Campbell._

A native of Scotland, joined the 42nd Regt. and was promoted Sergeant.

Served with this Regiment throughout the war of French and Indians in America of 1756-63, discharged at the reduction, and settled with his family on a portion of Maj. Allan Campbell’s (same Regt.) grant of land, situated on the south (bank) side of Lake Champlain, between Crown Point (about 5 miles above the point) and Ticonderoga.

Also served (possibly in the Royal Highland Emigrants, bounty 50s rendezvous Lake Champlain, 1775) in the War of Independence of 1775, (for which his property was confiscated, including boats.)

He died in active (British) service on the 18th Feb. 1781.

His widow, Elizabeth, and seven children claimed 366 pounds for losses, allowed 80 pounds.

N. B. On behalf of her son, Alexander, (aged 21 years), 50 pounds, who complained that one of the rebels was now living in his house, Feb. 1783.

_Gordon Graham._

Gordon Graham of Drainie in the Highlands of Scotland, was appointed ensign in the 43rd Highlanders in Oct. 25, 1739, and was made lieutenant June 24, 1743. He served in Flanders and shared in the defeat at Fontenoy in 1745, after which the Regiment returned home. In 1747 he made another campaign in Flanders. On August 7, 1747, he was appointed captain. In 1749 the number of the regiment was changed to the 42d and Mr. Graham obtained a company in it 3d June, 1752, came to America in 1756, was at the surrender of Fort William Henry under Colonel Munro in 1757, and was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758. The Major of the Regiment having been killed on that occasion Captain Graham succeeded to the vacancy, July 17th, 1758, and made the campaign of 1759 and 1760 under Amherst. He next served in the West Indies in the expedition against Martinique and July 9, 1762, became Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment, which returned to New York, and in the year 1763, proceeded to the relief of Fort Pitt, defeating the Indians on the way in the Battle of Bushy Run. In December, 1770, he retired after 31 years of service in the Regiment. As his name does not appear in the army list of 1771 it is presumed that he died at this time.

Brown’s Highland Clans IV, 139, 159. Beatson’s Naval and Mil.
Mem. II, 530. Wilson’s Orderly Book, p. 14.

_John Graham._

John Graham was the brother of Thomas; entered the 42nd regiment as Ensign and was promoted to a Lieutenancy 25th January, 1776; was wounded at Ticonderoga 1758; became Captain in February, 1762, and was again wounded at Bushy Run in 1763; shortly after which his company having been disbanded, he went on half pay. He rejoined the regiment 25th December, 1765, and is dropped in 1772, having attained the rank of field officer.

Stewart I, 359, Army Lists. N. Y. Col. Manuscripts, p. 729,
Vol. 10.

_Thomas Graham._

Thomas Graham, or Graeme, of Duchay, entered the 43rd, or Black Watch, as Ensign June 30, 1741; was promoted to a Lieutenancy August 6, 1746, and obtained a company February 15, 1756, shortly before the regiment, then the 42nd, came to America. He served in the several Campaigns on the northern lakes; was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758; was again wounded at the battle of Bushy Run, near Pittsburg, in 1763; served in the subsequent campaigns against the Indians, and embarked for Ireland in 1767. He succeeded Major Reid 31st March, 1770, and became Lieutenant-Colonel 12th December following. He retired from the army December, 1771, after 30 years of service.

Army Lists. Stewart. N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol.
10.

_Francis Grant._

Francis Grant, son of the Laird of Grant, and brother of Sir Ludovick Grant, of Grant, Scotland, was received from half-pay in Loudon’s Regiment and was made ensign in the Black Watch Oct. 25, 1739. Nov. 5, 1739, he was made lieutenant; June 18, 1743, captain; and Oct. 3, 1745, he became major. A vacancy occurring in the lieutenant-colonelcy, in December, 1755, the men of the Regiment subscribed a sum of money among themselves to purchase the step for him, but it was not required; he had already obtained his promotion. He accompanied the Regiment to America in 1756 and was present at the bloody battle of Ticonderoga, July 8, 1758, where he was wounded. In the following year he accompanied Amherst on his expedition, and in 1760 was in command of the van of the Army from Oswego to Montreal. In 1761 he commanded the Army sent to the south to chastise the Cherokees. He served as Brigadier-General in the expedition against Martinico in 1762, and on the 19th of February of that year became colonel in the army. On July 9, 1762, after twenty-three years of service in the Black Watch Regiment, he was removed and appointed to the command of the 90th Light Infantry. In August, 1762, he commanded the 4th Brigade at the siege of Havana and went on half pay at the peace of 1763. In November, 1768, he became colonel of the 63rd; Major-General in 1770; and Lieutenant-General in 1777. He died at the beginning of 1782 (Army Lists).

Lieut.-Gen. Grant’s daughter was married to the Hon. and Rt. Rev. George Murray, fourth son of the Duke of Athol, and Bishop of St. David’s.

Brown’s Highland Clans, IV, 155.

Knox’s Journal, II, 404, 410, 465.

Beatson N. and M., Mem. III, 363, 359.

Debrett’s Peerage. Wilson’s Orderly Book, p. 3.

_James Grant._

James Grant, appointed Ensign, Nov. 20, 1746; Lieutenant, Jan. 22, 1756; Captain, Dec. 26, 1760; removed Aug. 13, 1762, after 16 years of service in the Regiment and was made Fort-Major Limerick. Died in 1778. He was wounded at Ticonderoga.

Stewart of Garth, Appendix.

_William Grant._

William Grant, appointed Ensign, Oct. 1, 1745; Lieutenant, May 22, 1746; Captain, July 23, 1758; Major, Dec. 5, 1777; retired August, 1778, after 33 years of service with rank of Brevet Lieut.-Colonel. He was wounded at the battle of Ticonderoga.

Stewart of Garth, Appendix.

_James Gray._

James Gray was taken from the Half-pay list and appointed Lieutenant in the 42nd Royal Highlanders 30th January, 1756. His name is omitted in the Army List of 1765.

Stewart’s Highlanders. Wilson’s Orderly Book, page 83.

_Robert Gray._

Robert Gray, appointed Ensign, June 6, 1745; Lieutenant, June 9, 1747; Captain, July 22, 1758. He was wounded at Ticonderoga. Aug. 2, 1759, after 14 years of service in the Regiment, he was promoted to the 55th Regiment. He died in 1771 with rank of Lieut.-Colonel.

Stewart of Garth, Appendix.

_Alexander McIntosh._

Alexander McIntosh was taken from half pay in 1756 and appointed Lieutenant in the 42nd. He was wounded at Ticonderoga, 1758, and again at Martinico in 1762, and was promoted to a company 24th July of the same year. He went on half pay in 1763 and was not again called on active service until 25th December, 1770, when he was appointed to the 10th regiment then serving in America. Captain McIntosh was killed at the storming of Fort Washington, 16th November, 1776.

Army Lists. Beatson’s Naval and Military Memoirs. N. Y.
Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10.

_Norman McLeod._

Norman McLeod entered the army as ensign of the 42d January 1756, and was promoted to Lieutenancy in the 69th in June 1761. At the peace of 1763 he elected to remain in this country and received 3,000 acres of land and retired on half pay. Sometime later he was appointed Commissioner at Niagara under Sir William Johnson. At the breaking out of the War of the Revolution he offered his services to Governor Martin of North Carolina. Later he was captured and was a prisoner for about five years.

Wm. M. McBean, Secy. St. Andrew’s Society of the State of New
York.

_John MacNeil._

John MacNeil was appointed ensign, Aug. 6, 1742, Lieutenant Oct. 10, 1745; Captain, Dec. 16, 1752; Major, July 9, 1762. He died at the siege of Havana in 1762 after 20 years of service in the Regiment.

Stewart of Garth, Appendix.

_David Milne._

David Mill, or Milne, received a commission as Lieutenant in this Corps 19th July, 1757; was wounded at Ticonderoga in 1758, and again at Martinique in 1762; retired from the army at the peace of 1763.

N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, p. 729, Vol. 10.

_James Murray._

James Murray, second son of Lord George Murray, by his marriage with Amelia Murray, heiress of Strowan and Glencarse, and grandson of the first Duke of Atholl, was born at Tullibardine on the 19th of March, 1734, and it is interesting to know that Lord John Murray, who was destined in after years to be his colonel, was called upon to be his godfather. A commission as Lieutenant in the Saxon Grenadier Guards was obtained for him in 1749, and he joined his regiment in 1751. He served against the forces of Frederick the Great until the Saxon Army capitulated at Pirna on the Elbe in October, 1756. He was released on parole and returned to Scotland in 1757 and on the nomination of his uncle, James Duke of Atholl, was given a captain’s commission in the Black Watch and was placed in command of one of the three additional companies then being raised for service in America. He reached New York in April, 1758, and commanded Captain Reid’s company in the unsuccessful attack on Ticonderoga--his own company having been left in garrison at Fort Edward. He was wounded but was soon able to return to duty and took part in the successful expedition of 1759 to Lake Champlain. Toward the close of that year he was given command--by Lord John Murray’s desire--of the Grenadier Company of the newly-raised 2nd Battalion, and with this battalion he served in the advance on Montreal in 1760 and in the capture of Martinique in 1762. He was wounded here and invalided home and was on sick leave for more than six years. He rejoined the Black Watch in 1768 and in 1769 was appointed Captain-lieutenant in the 3rd Foot Guards, obtaining his promotion as Captain and Lieutenant-colonel the following year. In 1772 he was elected member of Parliament for Perthshire, a position which he held for twenty-two years. He was appointed Governor of Upnor Castle in 1775 and Fort William in 1780, but these were merely nominal posts and did not interfere with his other duties. In 1776 he bought Strowan (originally the property of his mother), from his nephew, the fourth Duke of Atholl.

On the outbreak of the War of Independence, Col. Murray offered to raise a regiment of Highlanders for service in America, but this offer was refused, and in March, 1777, he was sent out to join the brigade of Guards under General Howe in New Jersey. He was with Lord Cornwallis at Quibbletown and presumably took part in the actions at Brandywine and Germantown in 1777. He spent the following winter in quarters at Philadelphia, and left America in the summer of 1778 and joined the Atholl Highlanders in Ireland in September of that year, of which regiment he was given the command. This regiment remained in Ireland during the war, at the conclusion of which it was disbanded. James Murray was appointed Lieutenant-colonel-commandant of the 78th Highlanders in 1783, but as he was already a general officer he never did any duty with this regiment. After 1783 General Murray resided a good deal at Strowan; in 1786 he was promoted full Colonel of the 78th (by that time the 72nd), and in 1793 he was made Lieutenant-general. In March, 1794, he felt himself obliged to resign his seat in Parliament owing to ill health and a few days later--on the 19th of March--he died in London and was buried in St. Margaret’s, Westminster.

Of Lord George Murray’s three sons, General James seems to have been the one who most resembled his father. He had inherited the Jacobite General’s sympathetic knowledge of Highland character, something of his pride, and the same affectionate disposition. And that he had at least a share of his father’s determination, and presence of mind is shown by two anecdotes which have been handed down with regard to him. One of these refers to his earlier days, and is to the effect that, having been attacked by a highwayman one night that he was driving over a heath near London, he leant out of the window of the chaise, “groped in the dark for the ears of his assailant’s horse,” and with the brief but expressive exclamation. “Thereut’s-” fired a shot which ended the highwayman’s career. The other relates that during the Gordon Riots of 1780 Colonel James Murray was seated next Lord George Gordon in the House of Commons at the very moment at which the mob threatened to break into the House. Colonel Murray with a soldier’s instinct drew his sword, pointed it at Lord George, and notwithstanding that he was his cousin, declared his intention of running him through the body if a single one of the rioters should enter. His promptness saved the situation, but he had committed a breach of the privileges of the House and was ordered to apologize on bended knee to the Speaker. Colonel Murray made the required amende, but on rising from his knee took out his handkerchief and dusted it, remarking, “Damned Dirty House this; sooner it’s cleaned out the better.”

Army Lists: Brown’s Highl. Clans, IV, 159, 300, 304, 306.
Wilson’s Orderly Book, p. 67. Military History of Perthshire,
p. 411-413.

Stewart of Garth gives the following in regard to General
Murray’s wound, received at the capture of Martinique; (page
126, Vol. 10.)

“The musket ball entered his left side, under the lower rib,
passed up through the left lobe of the lung, (as ascertained
after his death) crossed his chest, and mounting up to his
right shoulder, lodged under the scapula. His case being
considered desperate, the only object of the surgeon was to
make his situation as easy as possible for, the few hours
they supposed he had to live; but, to the great surprise
of all, he was on his legs in a few weeks, and, before he
reached England, was quite recovered, or at least his health
and appetite were restored. He was never afterwards, however,
able to lie down; and during the thirty-two years of his
subsequent life, he slept in an upright posture, supported in
his bed by pillows.”

_Lord John Murray._