Chapter VI: Appendix: A (3)

The Norfolk Regiment, formerly The 9th.

The Lincolnshire Regiment, formerly The 10th.

The Devonshire Regiment, formerly The 11th.

The Suffolk Regiment, formerly The 12th.

The Prince Albert’s (Somersetshire Light Infantry), formerly The 13th.

The Prince of Wales’s Own (West Yorkshire Regiment), formerly The 14th.

The East Yorkshire Regiment, formerly The 15th.

The Bedfordshire Regiment, formerly The 16th.

The Leicestershire Regiment, formerly The 17th.

The Royal Irish Regiment, formerly The 18th.

The Princess of Wales’s Own (Yorkshire Regiment), formerly The 19th.

The Lancashire Fusiliers, formerly The 20th (East Devonshire).

The Royal Scots Fusiliers, formerly The 21st.

The Cheshire Regiment, formerly The 22nd.

The Royal Welsh Fusiliers, formerly The 23rd.

The South Wales Borderers, formerly The 24th. (2nd Warwickshire).

The King’s Own Scottish Borderers, formerly The 25th.

The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). 1st Batt., formerly The 26th. 2nd Batt., formerly The 90th. (Perthshire Volunteers--Light Infantry).

The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 1st Batt., formerly The 27th. 2nd Batt., formerly The 108th (Madras Infantry).

The Gloucestershire Regiment, 1st. Batt., formerly The 28th (North Gloucestershire). 2nd Batt., formerly The 61st (South Gloucestershire).

The Worcestershire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 29th. 2nd Batt., Formerly The 36th (Herefordshire).

The East Lancashire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 30th (Cambridgeshire). 2nd Batt., formerly The 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire).

The East Surrey Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 31st (Huntingdonshire). 2nd Batt., formerly The 70th (Surrey).

Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry, 1st Batt., formerly The 32nd. 2nd Batt., formerly The 46th (South Devonshire).

The Duke of Wellington’s (West Riding Regiment) 1st Batt., formerly The 33rd. 2nd Batt., formerly The 76th.

The Border Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 34th (Cumberland). 2nd Batt., formerly The 55th (Westmoreland).

The Royal Sussex Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 35th. 2nd Batt., formerly The 10th (Bengal Infantry).

The Hampshire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 37th. 2nd Batt., formerly The 67th (South Hampshire).

The South Staffordshire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 38th (1st Staffordshire). 2nd Batt., formerly The 80th (Staffordshire Volunteers).

The Dorsetshire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 39th. 2nd Batt., formerly The 54th (West Norfolk).

The Prince of Wales’s Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly The 40th (2nd Somersetshire); 2nd Batt., formerly The 82nd.

The Welsh Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 41st; 2nd Batt., formerly The 69th (South Lincolnshire).

The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) 1st Batt., formerly The 42nd; 2nd Batt., formerly The 73rd (Perthshire).

The Oxfordshire Light Infantry, 1st Batt., formerly The 43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry); 2nd Batt., formerly The 52nd.

The Essex Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 44th; 2nd Batt., The 56th (West Essex).

The Sherwood Foresters (Derbyshire Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly the 45th (Nottinghamshire); 2nd Batt., The 95th (Derbyshire).

The Royal North Lancashire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 47th (Lancashire); 2nd Batt., formerly The 81st (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers).

The Northamptonshire Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 48th; 2nd Batt., formerly The 58th (Rutlandshire).

Princess Charlotte of Wales’s (Royal Berkshire Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly The 49th (Hertfordshire); 2nd Batt., formerly The 66th (Berkshire).

The Queen’s Own (Royal West Kent) Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 50th; 2nd Batt., formerly The 97th (The Earl of Ulster’s).

The King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 1st Batt., formerly The 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding); 2nd Batt., The 105th (Madras Light Infantry).

The King’s (Shropshire Light Infantry) 1st Batt., formerly The 53rd; 2nd Batt., formerly The 85th (Bucks Volunteers).

The Duke of Cambridge’s Own (Middlesex Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly The 57th (West Middlesex); 2nd Batt., formerly The 77th (East Middlesex).

The King’s Royal Rifle Corps, formerly The 60th.

The Duke of Edinburgh’s (Wiltshire Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly The 62nd; 2nd Batt., formerly The 99th.

The Manchester Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly the 63rd (West Suffolk); 2nd Batt., formerly The 96th.

The Prince of Wales’s (North Staffordshire Regiment), 1st Batt., formerly The 64th (2nd Staffordshire); 2nd Batt., formerly The 98th.

The York and Lancaster Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly The 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding); 2nd Batt., formerly The 84th (York and Lancaster).

The Durham Light Infantry, 1st Batt., formerly The 68th; 2nd Batt., formerly 106th (Bombay Light Infantry).

The Highland Light Infantry, 1st Batt., formerly The 71st; 2nd Batt., formerly The 74th.

The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany’s Own Regiment of Foot), 1st Batt., formerly The 72nd; 2nd Batt., The 78th.

The Gordon Highlanders, 1st Batt., formerly The 75th (Stirlingshire); 2nd Batt., formerly The 92nd.

The Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders, 1st Batt., formerly The 79th.

The Royal Irish Rifles, 1st Batt., formerly The 83rd (County Dublin); 2nd Batt., formerly The 86th (Royal County Down).

Princess Victoria’s (Royal Irish Fusiliers) 1st Batt., formerly The 87th; 2nd Batt., formerly The 89th.

The Connaught Rangers, 1st Batt., formerly The 88th; 2nd Batt., formerly The 94th.

The Princess Louise’s (Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders), 1st Batt., formerly The 91st; 2nd Batt., formerly The 93rd.

The Prince of Wales’s Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians), 1st Batt., formerly The 100th (Prince of Wales’s Royal Canadian); 2nd Batt., formerly The 109th (Bombay Infantry).

The Royal Munster Fusiliers, 1st Batt., formerly The 101st (Royal Bengal Fusiliers); 2nd Batt., formerly The 104th (Bengal Fusiliers).

The Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 1st Batt., formerly The 102nd (Royal Madras Fusiliers); 2nd Batt., The 103rd (Royal Bombay Fusiliers).

The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort’s Own).

The West India Regiment, 1st Batt., formerly Malcolm’s Black Rangers; 2nd Batt., formerly The St. Vincent’s Black Rangers.

The Royal Marines, Royal Marine Artillery, Royal Marine Light Infantry.

Q

_TICONDEROGA_

Ticonderoga, familiar as the name of the historic fortress at Lake George, was written by Sir William Johnson, in 1756, Tionderogue and Ticonderoro, and in grant of lands in 1760, “near the fort at Ticonderoga.” Gov. Colden wrote Ticontarogen, and an Iroquoian sachem is credited with Decariaderoga. Interpretations are almost as numerous as orthographies. The most generally quoted is from Spofford’s Gazetter: “Ticonderoga, from Tsindrosie, or Cheonderoga, signifying ‘brawling water,’ and the French name, Carillon, signifying ‘a chime of bells,’ were both suggested by the rapids upon the outlet of Lake George.” The French name may have been so suggested, but neither Tsindrosie or Cheonderoga means “brawling water.” The latter is probably an orthography of Teonderoga. Ticonderoga as now written, is from Te or Ti, “dual,” two; Kaniatare, “lake,” and -ogen, “intervallum, divisionem” (Bruyas), the combination meaning, literally “Between two lakes.” Horatio Hale wrote me of one of the forms “Dekariaderage, in modern orthography, Tekaniataroken, from which Ticonderoga, means, simple ‘Between two lakes.’ It is derived from Tioken, ‘between,’ and Kaniatara, ‘lake.’ Its composition illustrates a peculiar idiom of the Iroquoian language. Tioken when combined with a noun, is split in two, so to speak, and the noun inserted. Thus in combining Tioken with Oneonte, ‘mountain,’ we have Ti-ononte-oken, ‘Between two mountains,’ which was the name of one of the Mohawk castles--sometimes written Theonondioga. In like manner, Kaniatare, ‘lake,’ thus compounded, yields Te-kaniatare-oken, ‘Between two lakes.’ In the Huron dialect Kiniatare is contracted to Yontare or Ontare, from which, with io or iyo, ‘great,’ we get Ontario (pronounced Ontareeyo), ‘Great lake,’ which combined with Tioken, becomes Tionteroken, which would seem to be the original of Colden’s Ticonderoga.”

(“Indian Geographical Names,” by E. M. Ruttenber, page 71 Vol. VI, New York State Historical Association).

R

TESTIMONIALS TO THE BLACK WATCH.

The Virginia Gazette, July 30, 1767, published an article from which the following extracts have been taken:

“Last Sunday evening, the Royal Highland Regiment embarked from
Philadelphia for Ireland, which regiment, since its arrival in
America, had been distinguished for having undergone most amazing
fatigues, made long and frequent marches through an unhospitable
country, bearing excessive heat and severe cold with alacrity
and cheerfulness, frequently encamping in deep snow, such as
those who inhabit the interior parts of this province do not
see, and which only those who inhabit the most northern parts
of Europe can have any idea of, continually exposed in camp and
on their marches to the alarms of a savage enemy, who, in all
their attempts, were forced to fly. * * * And, in a particular
manner, the free-men of this and the neighboring provinces have
most sincerely to thank them for that resolution and bravery
with which they, under Colonel Boquet, and a small number of
Royal Americans, defeated the enemy, and ensured to us peace and
security from a savage foe; and, along with our blessings for
these benefits, they have our thanks for that decorum in behavior
which they maintained during their stay in this city, giving an
example that the most amiable behavior in civil life is no way
inconsistent with the character of the good soldier; and for
their loyalty, fidelity, and orderly behavior, they have every
wish of the people for health, honor, and a pleasant voyage.”

* * * * *

Extract from speech by the elder Pitt in vindication of the employment of Highland Regiments of which the Black Watch was the first raised of the eighty-six during the four wars between 1739 and 1815.

“I sought for merit wherever it was to be found; it is my boast
that I was the first Minister who looked for it and found it in
the mountains of the North. I called it forth and drew into your
service a hardy and intrepid race of men, who, when left by your
jealousy, became a prey to the artifice of your enemies, and had
gone nigh to have overturned the State in the war before the
last. These men in the last war were brought to combat on your
side, they served with fidelity as they fought with valour, and
conquered for you in every part of the world.”

S

COPY OF ALL REFERENCES TO THE BLACK WATCH OF THE TICONDEROGA PERIOD TO BE FOUND IN THE ARCHIVES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA AT OTTAWA.

_I am indebted for this Memorandum to Arthur Doughty Litt.D., Archivist of the Dominion of Canada._

[Sidenote: 1758. March 29, New York.]

Abercrombie to Haldimand (?) Plan of operations settled at Home. Southern Operations.

Corps, Blakeney’s, Lord John Murray’s &c.

B.6 p. 35

[Sidenote: 1756. New York.]

M.204-2 p. 397 Shirley to Fox

Just arrived from Albany Major Abercrombie and General Webb arrived one on the 25th of June and the other the next morning with great part of Otway’s Regiment and with all the Highland Regiments, &c.

In a letter from Abercrombie to London dated Albany, 3d August, 1756.

Col. Schuyler’s New Jersey Regiment and four North Carolina Companies are barely sufficient to Garrison Oswego and keep the communication open to Schenectady and there remains the 48th Regiment together with Otway’s and the Highlanders to Garrison Fort William Henry, &c., &c.

M.205-1 p.

[Sidenote: 1756. June 21. New York.]

James Abercrombie to ----. On the 15th of April sailed from Plymouth and arrived here on the 16th June with General Otway’s and Lord John Murray’s Regiments, &c.

B.205-1 p. 8

Unearthed at Ticonderoga, Oct. 1889. Now Preserved at Headquarters House]

[Sidenote: 1756. Aug. 29, Albany.]

Loudon to Fox.

Though I was informed that the whole Transports with the Highland Recruits were arrived, I heard this morning that there were still five missing, and that those that are come were very short of Provisions, they were victualled only for two months, &c., &c.

M.205-1 p. 240

[Sidenote: 1756. Sept. 4. Boston.]

Shirley to Loudon.

Upon this I beg leave to observe to your Lordship, that it appearing from Col. Webb’s letter to me dated from New York the 9th June, that Otway’s and the Highland Regiments might be daily expected there (Oswego).

What confirms me in the matter is, that your Lordship told me, when I had the honour to wait on you, when the day you set from New York, being the 26th July that the Garrison at Oswego was so weak, that the 44th Regiment was to be sent to strengthen it and at the same time your Lordship mentioned, that you thought 900 men, by which I suppose your Lordship meant Otway’s and the Highland Regiments were but a few to cover the country.

M.205-2 p. 306

[Sidenote: 1756. Nov. 22, Albany.]

Loudon to Fox.

The 42nd Regiment, I quarter at Schenectady, from whence they take the posts, on the Mohawk river, &c.

M.207-1 p. 2

[Sidenote: 1757. April 25. New York.]

Loudon to Pitt.

As the Garrison (Fort Henry) had been troubled with the scurvy I had ordered Lieutenant General Otway’s Regiment to relieve them, and Colonel Monro met the account of the attack being made on the Fort on his march; he immediately left his baggage, and made all possible dispatch to Fort Edward, where he received the account of their being retired. Colonel Gage and Burton followed him directly with the remains of the 44th and 46th Regiments and the Highlanders were set in motion from Schenectady. They all marched without Tents, and lay in the woods, &c.

We have on that river (Mohawk), at Schenectady, and up to the German Flats, the Highland Regiment, upwards of a thousand men. &c.

M.207-1 p. 174

[Sidenote: 1758. Feb’y 14. New York.]

Loudon to Pitt.

... ... ... storming of Fort Herkemer and I threw in part of the 42nd Regiment of Highlanders into Schenectady, that there might be no want of numbers for this service.

M.208. p. 2

Divisions of Manuscripts,
February 22, 1911.

T

THE BLACK WATCH MEMORIAL AT TICONDEROGA.

The genesis of this memorial was an address made by the late Joseph Cook at the services held in front of the boulder erected to the heroes of Ticonderoga, Academy Park, Ticonderoga, N. Y. July 31, 1899, in which he made this remark: “There ought to be a memorial to the Black Watch composed largely of Scotch Highlanders who, with the Colonials charged Montcalm’s entrenchments for eight consecutive hours.”

Representation of the Black Watch at Unveiling of Memorial Tablet, Ticonderoga, July 4, 1906]

The writer, who was secretary of the Ticonderoga Historical Society at that time, had the honor of being the medium through which this chance remark became an enduring memorial of brick and stone. He was unsuccessful, however, until Mr. David Williams, the publisher of “The Iron Age,” a summer resident of Ticonderoga at Rogers Rock, came to his assistance. Mr. Andrew Carnegie was the generous donor of the funds to build this memorial. The grants were in two amounts, the first gift for a public library with the usual provisions, and the second gift, with no limitations, with which to build an historical addition to the library, thus making it both a public library and historical building.

The laying of the corner stone, Oct. 4. 1905, was made the occasion for one of the greatest celebrations Ticonderoga has ever seen. The pipe band of the 5th Royal Scots of Canada, Highlanders, now the 5th Royal Highlanders of Canada, from Montreal, and the Regimental band and a Battalion of the 5th Infantry, U. S. A., from Plattsburgh, were the principal features of the parade. It was particularly appropriate that the Royal Scots should be present, as they are allied to the Black Watch and wear the same uniform. It was also an education to the thousands of spectators, few, if any of whom had ever seen Highlanders in full regimentals marching to the music of bagpipes. After the exercises of the day, the Royal Scots visited the ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga, about two miles from the village and the picture of a body of Highlanders with their scarlet coats and tartan kilts marching up the green slopes of the old ramparts, with the setting sun behind them, was one never to be forgotten and which probably had not occurred since the Revolution.

The officers of the present Black Watch Regiment, then stationed at Fort George Scotland, being advised of the Memorial sent the following letter to the secretary of the Ticonderoga Historical Society:

“Dear Sir: Your letter 9th Sept., 1905, on the subject of a Black
Watch Memorial, has been perused by the Commanding Officer and
the Officers of the 1st battalion of The Black Watch, formerly
called the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment, and it was also
submitted and discussed at the Annual Gathering of Black Watch
Officers--past and present--recently held in Edinburgh. I am
authorized to inform you that all Ranks of the Regiment are proud
to know that the Ticonderoga Historical Society had decided to
appropriate an alcove in the Ticonderoga Free Public Library as
a memorial to the 42nd Regiment, to commemorate their services
in the engagement before Fort Ticonderoga on July 8, 1758. The
suggestion contained in your letter, to the effect that Officers
of the Regiment might be disposed to erect a tablet on a wall of
the Alcove to the memory of the officers and men of the 42nd who
were killed or wounded in the action has met with the unanimous
approval of those to whose notice it has been brought, and I am
to inform you that such a Tablet will gladly be provided and that
the work of executing the Tablet will be entrusted to a London
firm as soon as a suitable design has been decided upon. In order
to assist us in choosing a suitable form of tablet I shall be
much obliged if you can favor me with a rough plan of the alcove,
the dimensions of the actual wall on which the Tablet will rest,
and an idea of the general style of the building.

I shall be glad to hear from you as soon as you can conveniently
supply the information for which I have asked.

I am, Sir, yours truly,