Chapter I: Part 1

THE

BOOK OF ANTELOPES.

BY

PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER, M.A., PH.D., F.R.S.,
SECRETARY TO THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

AND

OLDFIELD THOMAS, F.Z.S., F.R.G.S.,
ASSISTANT IN THE ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

IN FOUR VOLUMES (1894–1900).

VOL. I.

LONDON:
R. H. PORTER, 7 PRINCES STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W.
1894–1900.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

Dedicated

TO

THE MEMORY

OF

SIR VICTOR ALEXANDER BROOKE, BART.,

NATURALIST AND SPORTSMAN

(Born 5th January, 1843, died 27th November, 1891),

BY

HIS FRIENDS AND FELLOW-WORKERS,

THE AUTHORS.

PREFACE.

A short Introduction, stating the general plan of this work, was given in the first number of ‘The Book of Antelopes,’ published in August 1894. On completing the work by the issue of the last Part it has been determined by the Authors to explain its origin and object a little more fully, and this portion of the task has been intrusted to me.

It should be quite understood, in the first place, that, as has been stated in the Introduction, the original conception of the work is due to the genius and energy of the late Sir Victor Brooke, under whose supervision the greater number of the plates and other illustrations were prepared, and I need hardly say that it is greatly regretted by the authors that Sir Victor did not live to carry out his plan. Sir Victor was elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society of London in 1864, at which time I knew him only as an ardent sportsman, much attached to Natural History. Some time in the year 1870, I think it was, he called upon me at my office, and stated that he had been attending Sir William (then Professor) Flower’s lectures at the College of Surgeons, and had quite determined to commence serious work in Natural History, being deeply interested in that subject. After talking over the matter with him for some time it was suggested that the Ruminant Mammals, with many of which Sir Victor as a sportsman was well acquainted, offered an excellent subject for work, and I promised that I would take every opportunity that fell in my way of putting at his disposal specimens of this class. I was, of course, delighted at getting a recruit for Natural History of such energy and ability. I may mention here that amongst other questions which I asked him at this interview was whether he knew German, as without a knowledge of that language it would be impossible for anyone in these days to do good work in Natural Science. Sir Victor in reply regretted his ignorance of this language, but stated that he should set to work and learn it at once. A few months afterwards I found to my surprise that he had kept his word, and was already able to translate passages in the German authorities to which he had occasion to refer. I may add that I have given the same advice more than once to other would-be students of Natural History, but that I never recollect it having been followed with such immediate and successful results.

From my position at the Zoological Society and from the aid received from numerous correspondents in all parts of the world, I had little difficulty from the first in providing my much-esteemed friend with materials for his studies, and in the beginning of 1871 had the pleasure of putting at his disposal some notes and materials concerning the Antelopes of the genus _Tragelaphus_. Upon these was based the excellent paper on that genus read by Sir Victor before the Zoological Society on the 16th of May of that year, the first of a series of essays on this and kindred subjects. Four similar papers, as will be seen by reference to the Zoological Society’s ‘Proceedings,’ followed in 1872, three in 1874, and others in succeeding years, until 1878, when, I regret to say, they came to an abrupt conclusion. The last of the series was one of an extremely useful and important character, containing, as it did, a complete essay on the classification of the Deer-family and a synopsis of the existing species, which, until recently, has remained our leading authority upon this difficult group of Mammals. During the whole of this time also Sir Victor had been engaged in collecting specimens, and in having drawings made by Wolf and put upon the stone by Smit, for a complete work on the Bovine animals which he had planned out and proposed to write. After 1878, however, other matters intervened and sadly interfered with my friend’s studies in Natural History. Sir Victor changed his habitual residence to Pau, and though I now saw him occasionally in London on his way from France to his home in Ireland, I could never induce him to continue his former researches, although he always assured me that he was still devoted to Natural Science and was determined to return to it eventually. Circumstances, however, prevented him from carrying his wishes into effect. In November 1891, when still in the prime of life, Sir Victor died, leaving his great work still unfinished, and represented mainly by a series of over a hundred lithographic plates, which, as already mentioned in the Introduction, have formed the basis of the present work. The MSS. which were also kindly placed at my disposal by the family, not having been touched for nearly fifteen years, were in such an incomplete state that it was impossible to utilize them. Upon pointing out this to his son, the present Sir Douglas Brooke, he was good enough to assure me that his only wish was that the best possible use for Science should be made of the whole of the materials accumulated by his father. Acting upon this understanding I undertook to prepare the letterpress of an entirely new work on the Antelopes, using such of Sir Victor’s plates as I could employ for its illustration.

Such was the origin of the present work, now happily brought to a close after a period of six years, during which it has occupied no unimportant part of my leisure time. Even so it would not have been possible for me to have accomplished it without the able assistance of my excellent friend Mr. Oldfield Thomas, of the British Museum. It was, of course, of the greatest advantage to the work that Thomas was already familiarly acquainted with the subject, and had, moreover, under his charge the unrivalled series of specimens of Mammals contained in our National Collection.

Although Thomas and I consider ourselves, of course, jointly responsible for all the statements in this work, every line of which has undergone the supervision of both authors, I may state that Thomas’s chief part of the task was, as agreed between us, to be the synonymy and scientific descriptions, and my speciality the preparation of the ordinary letterpress. I must also not omit to mention that as regards the much-vexed subject of Zoological Nomenclature my friend and I are not in perfect accord, as he takes a more severe view of the rule of priority than I am disposed to adopt. There has, therefore, been necessarily a little “give and take” on each side as to the names to be adopted in this work. For these latter, in so far as they may be held to contravene the strict laws of nomenclature, Thomas desires to disclaim--as I am willing to accept--all responsibility. It should also be mentioned that during the issue of the last volume Thomas’s somewhat serious illness and consequent absence from his post in London has compelled him to relegate some of his share in the present work to Mr. R. I. Pocock, of the British Museum, who, I need hardly say, has most efficiently assisted me in finishing the task and to whom I hereby tender my most sincere thanks.

I must also not forget to record the names of other friends and correspondents who have materially assisted us in the preparation of the ‘Book of Antelopes.’ Amongst these I must specially mention Herr Matschie, of the Natural History Museum of Berlin, who has kindly furnished many notes on the collection of Mammals under his charge in that Institution; nor must I forget the names of Mr. F. C. Selous, Herr Oscar Neumann, Mr. S. L. Hinde, Mr. F. V. Kirby, Capt. H. G. C. Swayne, Mr. Ernest Gedge, Sir Harry Johnston, K.C.B., Mr. R. Crawshay, Mr. Alfred Sharpe, Sir John Kirk, Mr. F. E. Blaauw, Mr. F. J. Jackson, Major F. C. Trollope, Dr. E. Büchner, Mr. E. Buxton, Mr. J. I. S. Whitaker, Sir Edmund Loder, Mr. A. E. Pease, Mr. Lort Phillips, Mr. T. W. H. Clarke, Mr. J. ffolliott Darling, Mr. John Millais, Mr. W. E. de Winton, and my son Mr. W. L. Sclater, Director of the South African Museum, Capetown, to all of whom, on behalf of Thomas and myself, I wish to tender our most heartfelt thanks for their kind assistance.

Finally, I may mention that this work has been issued in parts at the following dates:--

Part I. BUBALIDINÆ Aug. 1894
II. „ Jan. 1895
III. CEPHALOPHINÆ May 1895
IV. „ Sept. 1895
V. NEOTRAGINÆ Jan. 1896
VI. CERVICAPRINÆ Aug. 1896
VII. „ Jan. 1897
VIII. „ Mar. 1897
IX. ANTILOPINÆ Aug. 1897
X. „ Feb. 1898
XI. „ June 1898
XII. „ Oct. 1898
XIII. HIPPOTRAGINÆ Feb. 1899
XIV. „ May 1899
XV. TRAGELAPHINÆ Jan. 1900
XVI.}
XVII} „ Aug. 1900

The date attached to the letterpress at the end of each article is, as nearly as possible, that at which it was finished and corrected for the press.

P. L. S.

3 Hanover Square, London, W.
June 1st, 1900.

CONTENTS.

VOL. I.

Page

TITLEPAGE i

DEDICATION iii

PREFACE v

CONTENTS xi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT xvii

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xxi

INTRODUCTION 1

Subfamily I. BUBALIDINÆ 3

Genus I. BUBALIS 5

1. THE BUBAL. _Bubalis buselaphus_ (Pall.). [Plate I.] 7

2. THE WEST-AFRICAN BUBAL. _B. major_ (Blyth) 11

3. THE TORA. _B. tora_ (Gray) 15

4. SWAYNE’S HARTEBEEST. _B. swaynei_, Scl. [Plate II.] 21

5. COKE’S HARTEBEEST. _B. cokei_ (Günth.). [Plate III.] 27

6. THE CAPE HARTEBEEST. _B. caama_ (G. Cuv.). [Plate IV.] 33

7. JACKSON’S HARTEBEEST. _B. jacksoni_, Thos 39

8. LICHTENSTEIN’S HARTEBEEST. _B. lichtensteini_ (Peters).
[Plate V.] 45

Genus II. DAMALISCUS 51

9. HUNTER’S ANTELOPE. _Damaliscus hunteri_ (Scl.).
[Plate VI.] 53

10. THE KORRIGUM. _D. korrigum_ (Ogilb.). [Plate VII.] 59

11. THE TIANG. _D. tiang_ (Heugl.) 63

12. THE TOPI. _D. jimela_ (Matsch.) 67

13. THE BONTEBOK. _D. pygargus_ (Pall.). [Plate VIII] 73

14. THE BLESSBOK. _D. albifrons_ (Burch.). [Plate IX.] 79

15. THE SASSABY. _D. lunatus_ (Burch.). [Plate X.] 85

Genus III. CONNOCHÆTES 93

16. THE BRINDLED GNU. _Connochætes taurinus_ (Burch.).
[Plate XI.] 95

17. THE WHITE-BEARDED GNU. _C. albojubatus_, Thos. 105

18. THE WHITE-TAILED GNU. _C. gnu_ (Zimm.). [Plate XII.] 111

Subfamily II. CEPHALOPHINÆ 119

Genus I. CEPHALOPHUS 121

19. THE YELLOW-BACKED DUIKER. _Cephalophus sylvicultrix_
(Afz.). [Plates XIII. & XIV. fig. 2.] 125

20. JENTINK’S DUIKER. _C. jentinki_, Thos. [Plate XV.] 131

21. ABBOTT’S DUIKER. _C. spadix_, True 135

22. THE NATAL DUIKER. _C. natalensis_, A. Smith.
[Plate XVI.] 139

23. HARVEY’S DUIKER. _C. harveyi_, Thos. [Plate XVII.] 145

24. THE BLACK-FRONTED DUIKER. _C. nigrifrons_, Gray.
[Plate XVIII. fig. 1.] 149

25. THE WHITE-BELLIED DUIKER. _C. leucogaster_, Gray 153

26. THE BAT DUIKER. _C. dorsalis_, Gray. [Plate XIX.
fig. 2.] 155

27. OGILBY’S DUIKER. _C. ogilbyi_, Waterh. [Plate XVIII.
fig. 2.] 161

28. PETERS’S DUIKER. _C. callipygus_, Pet. 165

29. THE RED-FLANKED DUIKER. _C. rufilatus_, Gray.
[Plate XIX. fig. 1.] 167

30. THE BANDED DUIKER. _C. doriæ_ (Ogilb.). [Plate XX.] 171

31. THE BLACK DUIKER. _C. niger_, Gray. [Plate XIV.
fig. 1. 175

32. MAXWELL’S DUIKER. _C. maxwelli_, H. Sm. [Plate XXI.
fig. 2.] 179

33. THE BLACK-RUMPED DUIKER. _C. melanorheus_, Gray 185

34. THE UGANDA DUIKER. _C. æquatorialis_, Matsch. 189

35. THE BLUE DUIKER. _C. monticola_ (Thunb.). [Plate XXI.
fig. 1.] 191

36. THE CROWNED DUIKER. _C. coronatus_, Gray. [Plate
XXII. fig. 2.] 195

37. THE ABYSSINIAN DUIKER. _C. abyssinicus_, Thos.
[Plate XXII. fig. 1.] 199

38. THE COMMON DUIKER. _C. grimmi_ (Linn.). [Plate
XXIII.] 203

Genus II. TETRACEROS 213

39. THE FOUR-HORNED ANTELOPE. _Tetraceros quadricornis_
(Blainv.). [Plate XXIV.] 215

VOL. II.

Subfamily III. NEOTRAGINÆ 1

Genus I. OREOTRAGUS 3

40. THE KLIPSPRINGER. _Oreotragus saltator_ (Bodd.).
[Plate XXV.] 5

Genus II. OUREBIA 13

41. THE CAPE ORIBI. _Ourebia scoparia_ (Schreb.) 15

42. PETERS’S ORIBI. _O. hastata_ (Pet.) 21

43. THE GAMBIAN ORIBI. _O. nigricaudata_ (Brooke).
[Plate XXVI.] 23

44. THE ABYSSINIAN ORIBI. O. montana (Cretzschm.) 25

45. HAGGARD’S ORIBI. _O. haggardi_ (Thos.) 29

Genus III. RAPHICERUS 33

46. THE GRYSBOK. _Raphicerus melanotis_ (Thunb.).
[Plate XXVII. fig. 2.] 35

47. THE STEINBOK. _R. campestris_ (Thunb.). [Plate XXVII.
fig. 1.] 41

48. NEUMANN’S STEINBOK. _R. neumanni_ (Matsch.) 47

Genus IV. NESOTRAGUS 49

49. THE ZANZIBAR ANTELOPE. _Nesotragus moschatus_,
von Düb. [Plate XXVIII.] 51

50. LIVINGSTONE’S ANTELOPE. _N. livingstonianus_, Kirk 55

Genus V. NEOTRAGUS 50

51. THE ROYAL ANTELOPE. _Neotragus pygmæus_ (Linn.).
[Plate XXIX.] 61

Genus VI. MADOQUA 67

52. SALT’S DIK-DIK. _Madoqua saltiana_ (Blainv.).
[Plate XXX.] 69

53. SWAYNE’S DIK-DIK. _M. swaynei_, Thos. 73

54. PHILLIPS’S DIK-DIK. _M. phillipsi_, Thos.
[Plate XXXI. fig. 2.] 75

55. THE DAMARAN DIK-DIK. _M. damarensis_ (Günth.) 79

56. KIRK’S DIK-DIK. _M. kirki_ (Günth.) 83

57. GÜNTHER’S DIK-DIK. _M. guentheri_, Thos. [Plate
XXXI. fig. 1.] 89

Subfamily IV. CERVICAPRINÆ 93

Genus I. COBUS 95

58. THE COMMON WATERBUCK. _Cobus ellipsiprymnus_
(Ogilby). [Plate XXXII.] 97

59. THE SING-SING. _C. unctuosus_ (Laurill.). [Plate
XXXIII.] 105

60. CRAWSHAY’S WATERBUCK. _C. crawshayi_, Scl. [Plate
XXXIV.] 109

61. PENRICE’S WATERBUCK. _C. penricei_, Rothsch.
[Plate XXXV.] 113

62. THE DEFASSA WATERBUCK. _C. defassa_ (Rüpp.).
[Plate XXXVI.] 115

63. MRS. GRAY’S WATERBUCK. _C. maria_, Gray. [Plate
XXXVII.] 121

64. THE WHITE-EARED KOB. _C. leucotis_ (Licht. et Pet.).
[Plate XXXVIII.] 127

65. THOMAS’S KOB. _C. thomasi_, Neumann. [Plate XXXIX.] 131

66. BUFFON’S KOB. _C. kob_ (Erxl.). [Plate XL.] 137

67. THE POKU. _C. vardoni_ (Livingst.). [Plate XLI.] 141

68. THE SENGA KOB. _C. senganus_, sp. n. 145

69. THE LECHEE. _C. lechee_ (Gray). [Plate XLII.] 149

Genus II. CERVICAPRA 155

70. THE REEDBUCK. _Cervicapra arundinum_ (Bodd.).
[Plate XLIII.] 157

71. THE BOHOR. _C. bohor_ (Rüpp.) 165

72. THE NAGOR. _C. redunca_ (Pall.). [Plate XLIV.] 171

73. THE ROI RHÉBOK. _C. fulvorufula_ (Afzel.). [Plate
XLV.] 175

74. CHANLER’S REEDBUCK. _C. chanleri_, Rothsch. 183

Genus III. PELEA 187

75. THE VAAL RHÉBOK. _Pelea capreolus_ (Bechst.).
[Plate XLVI.] 189

VOL. III.

Subfamily V. ANTILOPINÆ 1

Genus I. ANTILOPE 3

76. THE BLACK-BUCK. _Antilope cervicapra_ (Linn.).
[Plate XLVII.] 5

Genus II. ÆPYCEROS 15

77. THE PALLAH. _Æpyceros melampus_ (Licht.). [Plate
XLVIII.] 17

78. THE ANGOLAN PALLAH. _Æ. petersi_, Bocage 25

Genus III. SAIGA 29

79. THE SAIGA. _Saiga tatarica_ (Linn.). [Plate XLIX.] 31

Genus IV. PANTHOLOPS 43

80. THE CHIRU. _Pantholops hodgsoni_ (Abel). [Plate L.] 45

Genus V. ANTIDORCAS 53

81. THE SPRINGBUCK. _Antidorcas euckore_ (Zimm.).
[Plate LI.] 55

Genus VI. GAZELLA 65

82. THE TIBETAN GAZELLE. _Gazella picticaudata_ (Hodgs.).
[Plate LII.] 71

83. PRZEWALSKI’S GAZELLE. _G. przewalskii_, Büchn.
[Plate LIII.] 79

84. THE MONGOLIAN GAZELLE. _G. gutturosa_ (Pall.).
[Plate LIV.] 83

85. THE PERSIAN GAZELLE. _G. subgutturosa_ (Güld.).
[Plate LV.] 89

86. THE MARICA GAZELLE. _G. marica_, Thos. [Plate LVI.] 95

87. THE DORCAS GAZELLE. _G. dorcas_ (Linn.). [Plate LVII.] 99

88. THE EDMI GAZELLE. _G. cuvieri_ (Ogilby). [Plate
LVIII.] 109

89. THE ARABIAN GAZELLE. _G. arabica_ (Licht.). [Plate
LIX.] 115

90. THE INDIAN GAZELLE. _G. bennetti_ (Sykes). [Plate
LX.] 119

91. SPEKES GAZELLE. _G. spekei_, Blyth. [Plate LXI.] 125

92. PELZELN’S GAZELLE. _G. pelzelni_, Kohl. [Plate LXII.] 133

93. LODER’S GAZELLE. _G. leptoceros_ (F. Cuv.). [Plate
LXIII.] 137

94. THE ISABELLA GAZELLE. _G. Isabella_, Gray. [Plate
LXIV.] 151

95. THE MUSCAT GAZELLE. _G. muscatensis_, Brooke.
[Plate LXV.] 155

96. HEUGLIN’S GAZELLE. _G. tilonura_ (Heugl.). [Plate
LXVI.] 159

97. THE RED-FRONTED GAZELLE. _G. rufifrons_, Gray.
[Plate LXVII.] 163

98. THE RUFOUS GAZELLE. _G. rufina_, Thos. 167

99. THOMSON’S GAZELLE. _G. thomsoni_, Günth. [Plate
LXVIII.] 171

100. GRANT’S GAZELLE. _G. granti_, Brooke. [Plate LXIX.] 179

101. PETERS’S GAZELLE. _G. petersi_, Günth. 187

102. THE BANDED GAZELLE. _G. notata_, Thos. 191

103. SOEMMERRING’S GAZELLE. _G. soemmerringi_
(Cretzschm.). [Plate LXX.] 195

104. THE RED-NECKED GAZELLE. _G. ruficollis_ (Ham.
Smith). [Plate LXXI.] 205

105. THE DAMA GAZELLE. _G. dama_ (Pall.) 209

106. THE MHORR GAZELLE. _G. mhorr_ (Benn.). [Plate
LXXII.] 213

Genus VII. AMMODORCAS 217

107. THE DIBATAG. _Ammodorcas clarkei_ (Thos.). [Plate
LXXIII.] 219

Genus VIII. LITHOCRANIUS 227

108. THE GERENUK. _Lithocranius walleri_ (Brooke).
[Plate LXXIV.] 229

Genus IX. DORCOTRAGUS 239

109. THE BEIRA. _Dorcotragus megalotis_ (Menges).
[Plate LXXV.] 241

VOL. IV.

Subfamily VI. HIPPOTRAGINÆ 1

Genus I. Hippotragus 3

110. THE BLUE-BUCK. _Hippotragus leucophæus_ (Pall.).
[Plate LXXVI.] 5

111. THE ROAN ANTELOPE. _H. equinus_ (Desm.). [Plates
LXXVII. & LXXVIII.] 13

112. THE SABLE ANTELOPE. _H. niger_ (Harr.). [Plates
LXXIX. & LXXX.] 31

Genus II. ORYX 41

113. THE LEUCORYX. _Oryx leucoryx_ (Licht.). [Plate
LXXXI.] 43

114. THE BEATRIX ANTELOPE. _O. beatrix_, Gray. [Plate
LXXXII.] 51

115. THE GEMSBOK. _O. gazella_ (Linn.). [Plate LXXXIII.] 57

116. THE BEISA. _O. beisa_ (Rüpp.). [Plate LXXXIV.] 65

117. THE TUFTED BEISA. _O. callotis_, Thomas. [Plate
LXXXV.] 73

Genus III. ADDAX 77

118. THE ADDAX. _Addax naso-maculatus_ (Blainv.).
[Plate LXXXVI.] 79

Subfamily VII. TRAGELAPHINÆ 89

Genus I. BOSELAPHUS 91

119. THE NILGAI. _Boselaphus tragocamelus_ (Pallas).
[Plate LXXXVII.] 93

Genus II. TRAGELAPHUS 103

120. THE DECULA ANTELOPE. _Tragelaphus decula_ (Rüpp.).
[Plate LXXXVIII.] 105

121. THE HARNESSED ANTELOPE. _T. scriptus_ (Pallas).
[Plate LXXXIX.] 109

122. THE CAPE BUSHBUCK. _T. sylvaticus_ (Sparrm.).
[Plate XC. fig. 2.] 117

123. CUMMING’S BUSHBUCK. _T. roualeynei_ (Cumming).
[Plate XC. fig. 1.] 123

124. DELAMERE’S BUSHBUCK. _T. delamerei_, Pocock 129

125. THE BROAD-HORNED ANTELOPE. _T. eurycerus_ (Ogilby).
[Plate XCI.] 131

126. ANGAS’ ANTELOPE. _T. angasi_, Angas. [Plate XCII.] 137

Genus III. LIMNOTRAGUS 149

127. SPEKE’S SITATUNGA. _Limnotragus spekii_ (Sclater).
[Plate XCIII.] 151

128. SELOUS’S SITATUNGA. _L. selousi_ (Rothsch.).
[Plate XCIV.] 157

129. THE CONGAN SITATUNGA. _L. gratus_ (Sclater).
[Plate XCV.] 165

Genus IV. STREPSICEROS 171

130. THE GREATER KUDU. _Strepsiceros capensis_
(A. Smith). [Plate XCVI.] 173

131. THE LESSER KUDU. _S. imberbis_, Blyth. [Plate
XCVII.] 185

Genus V. TAUROTRAGUS 193

132. THE ELAND. _Taurotragus oryx_ (Pall.). [Plates
XCVIII. & XCIX.] 195

133. THE DERBIAN ELAND. _T. derbianus_ (Gray).
[Plate C.] 215

APPENDIX.

LIST OF THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF ANTELOPES DESCRIBED
AS NEW DURING THE PROGRESS OF THIS WORK 223

INDEX 229

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

IN THE TEXT.

VOL. I.

Page

1_a_, 1_b_. Horns of _Bubalis major_ 12

1_c_, 1_d_. Horns and skull of _Bubalis major_ 13

2. Head of _Bubalis tora_ 18

3. Skull of _Bubalis swaynei_ 24

4_a_. Horns of _Bubalis cokei_, front view 28

4_b_. Horns of _Bubalis cokei_, side view 29

4_c_. Horns of _Bubalis cokei_, front view 30

5. Front view of head of Jackson’s Hartebeest 43

6_a_. Skull of _Bubalis lichtensteini_, ♂ 49

6_b_. Skull of _Bubalis lichtensteini_, ♀ 50

7_a_. Head of _Damaliscus hunteri_ 54

7_b_. Skull and horns of _Damaliscus hunteri_, ♂ ad. 55

7_c_. Skull and horns of _Damaliscus hunteri_, ♀ ad. 55

8. Skull of _Damaliscus tiang_, ♀ 64

9. Skull of _Damaliscus jimela_, from Lamu 69

9_a_. Head of _Damaliscus jimela_, from Malindi 69

10. _Damaliscus pygargus_ 77

11. _Damaliscus albifrons_ 82

12. Head of supposed hybrid between _Damaliscus lunatus_
and _Bubalis caama_ 90

13. Adult Brindled Gnu 98

14. Skull of _Connochætes albojubatus_, ♂ 106

15. Young White-tailed Gnu (five months old) 115

15_a_. Young White-tailed Gnu (eight months old) 116

15_b_. Horns of young Gnu (11 weeks old) 118

15_c_. Horns of young Gnu (19 months old) 118

16. Skull of _Cephalophus sylvicultrix_, ad. 128

16_a_. Skull of _Cephalophus sylvicultrix_, jr. 129

17. Head of Harvey’s Duiker 146

18. Skull of _Cephalophus nigrifrons_ 150

19. Skull of _Cephalophus rufilatus_, jr. 169

20. Skull of _Cephalophus maxwelli_ 182

21. Skull of _Cephalophus coronatus_ 196

22. Skull of _Cephalophus grimmi_ 207

VOL. II.

23. _Ourebia scoparia_, ♂ 17

24. Skull of _Ourebia haggardi_, ♂ 30

25. Skull of _Nesotragus livingstonianus_, ♂ 57

26. Skull of _Nesotragus pygmæus_, ♂ 64

27. Skull of _Madoqua phillipsi_ 77

28. Fore part of skull of _Madoqua damarensis_, side view }
}
28_a_. Upper view of snout of _M. damarensis_ }
}
28_b_. Lower view of snout of _M. damarensis_ }
}
28_c_. Lower view of snout of _M. saltiana_ } 80
}
28_d_. Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. saltiana_ }
}
28_e_. Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. damarensis_ }
}
29. Head of _Madoqua kirki_ 84

29_a_. Skull of _Madoqua kirki_ (side view) 85

29_b_. Skull of _Madoqua kirki_ (upper view) 85

30. Skull of _Madoqua guentheri_ (side view) 90

30_a_. Skull of _Maduqua guentheri_ (from above) 90

31. Skull and horns of _Cobus crawshayi_ 110

32. Head and foot of “Nsumma Antelope” 117

33. Head of _Cobus maria_, ♂ 123

34. Head of _Cobus thomasi_, ♂ 135

35. Horns of _Cobus vardoni_.--_a._ Side view; _b._
Front view 143

36. Head of _Cobus lechee_ 151

37. Horns of _Cervicapra arundinum_ from Nyasaland 163

38. Skull of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_ 168

39. Skull of _Cervicapra bohor_ 169

40. Head of _Cervicapra redunca_ 174

41. Horns of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_, not adult 181

42. Horns of _Cervicapra fulvorufula_, aged 181

43. Head of _Cervicapra chanleri_ 184

44. Head of Vaal Rhébok, ♂ 193

VOL. III.

45. Horns of Black-buck, ♂ 13

46. Abnormal horns of female Indian Antelope 14

47. Head of Pallah, ♂, front view 23

48. Front view of head of Angolan Pallah 26

49. Group of Saigas 35

50. Frontlet and horns of Saiga (fossil), ♂ 39

51. Head of male Saiga in its winter dress 40

52. Horns of Chiru 48

53. Horns of Springbuck, ♂ & ♀ 61

54. Skull and horns of the Tibetan Gazelle 73

55. Goa Antelopes on the Donkia Pass 74

56. Skull and horns of Mongolian Gazelle 87

57. Head of Dorcas Gazelle, ♂ 108

58. Head of Edmi Gazelle, ♂ 113

59. Front view of head of Edmi Gazelle, ♀ 114

60. Head of Arabian Gazelle 117

61. Head of _Gazella fuscifrons_, ♀ 123

62. Head of adult male Speke’s Gazelle 128

63. Head of adult female Speke’s Gazelle 129

64. Head of young male Speke’s Gazelle 131

65. Head of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, ♂ 135

65 _a_. Skull of Pelzeln’s Gazelle, ♀ 135

66. Diagram of horns of Rhime (_a_) and Admi (_b_) 143

67. Front view of head of a female Loder’s Gazelle 147

68. Skull of _Gazella leptoceros loderi_, ♂ 148

69, 69 _a_. Heads of Isabella Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 154

70, 70 _a_. Heads of Muscat Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 156

71, 72. Heads of Heuglin’s Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 160

73. Skull of Rufous Gazelle 168

74. Horns of Thomson’s Gazelle, ♂ 172

75. Front view of head of Thomson’s Gazelle, ♀ 174

76. Grant’s Gazelle, Ugogo 181

77, 78. Heads of Grant’s Gazelle, ♂ & ♀ 182

79. Skull and horns of Peters’s Gazelle, ♂ 188

80. Skin of the Banded Gazelle 192

81. Skull and horns of _Gazella soemmerringi typica_ (male) 197

82 _a_, 82 _b_. Skull and horns of _Gazella soemmerringi
berberana_, ♂ & ♀ 198

83. Head of the Dibatag 222

84. Map of Somaliland (showing the localities of the
Dibatag) 225

85. Skull of the Gerenuk 231

86. Sketch of Gerenuk, ♂ & ♀, in characteristic attitudes 232

87. Front view of the head of the Beira 245

VOL. IV.

88. Frontlet of the Blue-buck 11

89. Horns of Baker’s Roan Antelope 25

90. Head of Roan Antelope 29

91. Head of Sable Antelope 38

92. A Leucoryx attacked by a Lion 48

93. Young Leucoryx 49

94. Female Beisa 70

95. Horns of male Addax 83

96. Horns of female Addax 83

97. Head of a female Addax 85

98. Skull and horns of an adult male Nilgai 100

99. Frontlet of an adult male Nilgai 101

100. Skull and horns of Cumming’s Bushbuck 126

101. Frontlet of Cumming’s Bushbuck 127

102. Delamere’s Bushbuck 130

103. The Bongo Antelope 134

104. Head and horns of the Broad-horned Antelope 135

105. Head and horns of Angas’ Antelope 140

106. Angas’ Antelope, ♂ & ♀ 146

107. Horns of _Tragelaphus_ sp. inc. 147

108. Speke’s Sitatunga in a Papyrus-swamp 153

109. Horns and feet of Speke’s Sitatunga 154

110. Speke’s Sitatunga, ♂ & ♀ 156

111. Outer view of right foot of Selous’s Sitatunga,
⅓ nat. size 158

112. Horns of Congan Sitatunga 167

113. Head of Congan Sitatunga, from the specimen in the
British Museum 169

114. Male and female Kudu 183

115. Horns of Lesser and Greater Kudus 188

116. Skull and horns of Livingstone’s Eland, ♂ 205

117. Horns of _Taurotragus oryx gigas_ 208

118. Abnormal horns of female Eland 209

119. Herd of Derbian Elands 218

120. Horns of Derbian Eland 219

121. Front view of the horns of the Derbian Eland 221

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OF THE

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REFERENCES TO LITERATURE,
AND EXPLANATIONS OF THEM[1].

_Abh. Ak. Berl._--Abhandlungen der königlichen Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 4to. Berlin.

_Act. Ac. Imp. Sc. Petrop._--Acta Academiæ Scientiarum
Imperialis Petropolitanæ. 4to. Petropoli.

_Act. Holm._--Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens nya Handlingar. I.
8vo. Stockholm, 1780.

_Acta Acad. Theod. Palat._--Acta Academiæ Electoralis
Theodoro-Palatinæ. 4to. Mannhemii.

=Allamand.=--See Schneider’s edition of Buffon.

=Andersson=, _Lake Ngami_.--Lake Ngami; or, Explorations and
Discoveries during four Years’ Wanderings in the Wilds of
South-western Africa. By C. J. ANDERSSON. 8vo. London, 1856.

=Angas=, _Kaffirs Illustrated_.--Kaffirs Illustrated in a Series
of Drawings taken among the Amazulu, Amaponda, and Amakosa
Tribes. By G. F. ANGAS. Folio. London, 1849.

_Ann. Mag. N. H._--The Annals and Magazine of Natural History.
8vo. London.

_Ann. Mus. Genov._--Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale
di Genova. 8vo. Genoa.

_Ann. Mus. Wien._--Annalen des k.-k. naturhistorischen
Hofmuseums, Wien. 4to. Wien.

_Ann. Sci. Nat._--Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie.
8vo. Paris.

_Arch. f. Nat._--Archiv für Naturgeschichte, gegründet von A. F.
A. WIEGMANN. 8vo. Berlin.

_Badm. Libr. Big Game Shooting._--The Badmington Library. Big
Game Shooting. By CLIVE PHILLIPPS-WOLLEY. 2 vols. 8vo. London,
1894.

=Baines=, _Expl. S.W. Afr._--Explorations in South-west Africa.
By T. BAINES. 8vo. London, 1864.

=Baker=, _Ismaïlia_.--Ismaïlia; a Narrative of the Expedition to
Central Africa for the Suppression of the Slave Trade. By Sir
SAMUEL W. BAKER, Pacha, M.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1874.

=Baker=, _Nile Tributaries_.--The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia,
and the Sword Hunters of the Hamran Arabs. By Sir SAMUEL W.
BAKER, M.A. 8vo. London, 1867.

=Baldwin=, _Afr. Hunt._--African Hunting and Adventure from
Natal to the Zambesi. By W. C. BALDWIN. 8vo. London, 1854.

=Barth=, _Reise._--Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord-und
Central-Afrika in den Jahren 1849 bis 1855. Von Dr. HEINRICH
BARTH. 8vo. Gotha, 1857.

=Bechst.= _Allgem. Uebers. vierf. Thiere_, or =Bechst.= _Syst.
Uebers. vierf. Th._--Thomas Pennant’s Allgemeine Uebersicht der
vierfüssigen Thiere. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von J. M.
BECHSTEIN. 2 vols. 4to. Weimar, 1799–1800.

=Bennett=, _Gard. & Menag. Z. S._--Gardens and Menagerie of the
Zoological Society delineated. 2 vols. 8vo. Chiswick, 1830.

=Blanf.= _E. Persia_.--Eastern Persia: an Account of the
Journeys of the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870–72. Vol. II.
Zoology and Geology. By W. T. BLANFORD. 8vo. London, 1876.

=Blanf.= _Mamm. Brit. Ind._--The Fauna of British India,
including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. By W. T. BLANFORD, F.R.S.
8vo. London, 1888–91.

=Blanf.= _Yark. Miss._, _Mamm._--Scientific Results of the
Second Yarkand Mission; based upon the Collections and Notes of
the late Ferdinand Stolickza, Ph.D. Mammalia. By W. T. BLANFORD.
4to. Calcutta, 1879.

=Blanf.= _Zool. Abyss._--Observations on the Geology and Zoology
of Abyssinia. By W. T. BLANFORD. 8vo. London, 1870.

Blyth, _Cat. Mus. As. Soc._--Catalogue of the Mammalia in the
Museum Asiatic Society. By EDWARD BLYTH. 8vo. Calcutta. 1863.

=Bodd.= _Elench. Anim._--P. Boddaert, Elenchus Animalium. 8vo.
Rotterodami, 1785.

=Brehm=, _Thierl._--Brehm’s Thierleben. Allgemeine Kunde des
Thierreichs. Säugethiere. Band III. Royal 8vo. Leipzig, 1880.

=Brookes=, _Cat. Mus._--A Catalogue of the Anatomical and
Zoological Museum of Joshua Brookes, Esq. 8vo. London, 1828.

=Bryden=, _Gun and Camera_.--Gun and Camera in Southern Africa.
By H. ANDERSON BRYDEN. 8vo. London, 1893.

=Bryden=, _Kloof and Karroo_.--Kloof and Karroo: Sport, Legend,
and Natural History in Cape Colony. 8vo. London, 1889.

=Buff.= _Hist. Nat._--Histoire Naturelle, générale et
particulière, avec la Description du Cabinet du Roi. Par COMTE
DE BUFFON. 44 vols. 4to. Paris, 1749–1804.

----. See also =Schneider=.

_Bull. Soc. Acclim._--Bulletin de la Société Nationale
d’Acclimatation de France. 8vo. Paris.

_Bull. Soc. Moscou._--Bulletin Société Impériale des
Naturalistes de Moscou. 8vo. Moscou.

_Bull. Soc. Philom._--Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de
Paris. 4to. and 8vo. Paris.

=Burch.= _List Mamm. pres. to B. M._--List of the Mammals
presented to the British Museum. By W. J. BURCHELL. 8vo. London,
1825.

=Burchell=, _Trav._--Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa.
By WILLIAM J. BURCHELL. 2 vols. 4to. London, 1822–24.

=Büttik.= _Reisebilder_, or =Büttik.= _Reiseb. a.
Liberia_.--Reisebilder aus Liberia. Von J. BÜTTIKOFER. 2 vols.
8vo. Leiden, 1890.

_Calc. Journ. N. H._--Calcutta Journal of Natural History. 8vo.
Calcutta.

=Chanler=, _Through Jungle and Desert_.--Through Jungle and
Desert, Travels in Eastern Africa. By W. A. CHANLER. 8vo.
London, 1896.

=Chapman=, _Travels &c._--Travels in the Interior of South
Africa. By JAMES CHAPMAN. 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1868.

=Cretzschmar=, _Atl. Rüpp. Reise_.--Atlas zu der Reise im
nördlichen Afrika von Eduard Rüppell. Säugethiere. Bearbeitet
von Ph. J. CRETZSCHMAR. Folio. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1826.

=Cumming=, _Hunter’s Life in S. Afr._--Five Years of a Hunter’s
Life in the far Interior of South Africa. By R. GORDON CUMMING.
2 vols. 8vo. London, 1850.

=Cuv.= _An. K._--See Griff. _Cuv. An. K._

=F. Cuv.= _H. N. Mamm._--Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères, avec
des figures originales, coloriées, dessinées d’après des Animaux
vivants; ouvrage publié sous l’autorité de l’Administration
du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Par GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE et
FRÉDÉRIC CUVIER. Folio. Paris.

=G. Cuv.= _R. A._--Le Règne Animal. Par M. le Ch^{er.} CUVIER. 4
vols. 8vo. Paris, 1817.

----.----. 8vo. Paris, 1836–46. (Masson & Co.)

=G. Cuv.= _Tabl. Élém._--Tableau élémentaire de l’Histoire
Naturelle des Animaux. 8vo. Paris, 1798.

=Daniell=, _African Scenery_.--African Scenery, being
Illustrations of the Animals and Native Inhabitants in Southern
Africa. By SAMUEL DANIELL. Folio. London, 1804–8.

=Daniell=, _Afr. Sketch_.--Sketches representing the Native
Tribes, Animals, and Scenery of Southern Africa, from Drawings
made by the late Mr. Samuel Daniell, engraved by WILLIAM
DANIELL. 4to. London, 1820.

=De Fil.= _Viagg. in Persia._--Note di un Viaggio in Persia nel
1862. Di F. DE FILIPPI. 8vo. Milano, 1865.

=Démidoff=, _Voy. Russ. Mérid._--Voyage dans la Russie
Méridionale et la Crimée. Exécuté en 1837, sous la Direction de
M. ANATOLE DE DÉMIDOFF. Tome III. 8vo. Paris, 1840.

=Denh. & Clapp.= _Trav._--Narrative of Travels and Discoveries
in Northern and Central Africa in the Years 1822–24. By Major
DENHAM, Captain CLAPPERTON, and the late Doctor OUDNEY; with an
Appendix by Major DIXON DENHAM and Captain HUGH CLAPPERTON. 4to.
London, 1826.

=Desm. Mamm.=--Mammalogie, ou Description des Espèces de
Mammifères, par M. A. G. DESMAREST. 2 parts in 1 vol. 4to.
Paris, 1820–22.

_Dict. Class._--Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Naturelle.
8vo. Paris, 1822–30.

_Dict. Sci. Nat._--Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. 8vo.
Paris, 1816–30.

_Dict. Univ. d’H. N._--Dictionnaire Universel d’Histoire
Naturelle. Dirigé par M. CHARLES d’ORBIGNY. Text 13 vols., Atlas
3 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1847–49.

=Distant=, _Transvaal_.--A Naturalist in the Transvaal. By W. L.
DISTANT. 8vo. London, 1892.

=Donnd.= _Zool. Beytr._--Zoologische Beyträge zur xiii. Ausgabe
des Linnéischen Natursystems. By JOHANN AUGUST DONNDORFF. 4
vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1792–98.

=Drummond=, _Large Game S. Afr._--The Large Game and Natural
History of South and South-east Africa. From the Journals of the
Hon. W. H. DRUMMOND. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1875.

=Du Chaill.= _Expl. & Adv. Equat. Afr._--Explorations and
Adventures in Equatorial Africa. By PAUL B. DU CHAILLU. 8vo.
London, 1861.

_Echo du Monde Savant._--L’Echo du Monde Savant. 4to. Paris.

_Edinb. Journ. Sc._--Edinburgh Journal of Science. 8vo.
Edinburgh.

=Ehrenb.= _Symb. Phys._--Symbolæ Physicæ, seu Icones et
Descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum
quæ ex itineribus per Libyam, Ægyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam,
Arabiam et Habessiniam. Publico Institutis sumptu F. G. HEMPRICH
et C. G. EHRENBERG. Folio. Berolini, 1828.

=Eichwald=, _Faun. Caspio-Caucas_.--Fauna Caspio-Caucasia. Von
E. EICHWALD. 4to. Petropoli, 1841.

=Elliot=, _Publ. Chicago Mus., Zool._--Field Columbian Museum.
Publications. Zoological Series. 8vo. Chicago, U.S.A.

=Emin=, _Reise-Briefen_.--Emin Pasha in Central Africa, being a
Collection of his Letters and Journal. Edited and annotated by
Prof. G. SCHWEINFURTH, Prof. F. RATZEL, Dr. R. W. FELKIN, and
Dr. G. HARTLAUB. Translated by Mrs. R. W. FELKIN. 8vo. London,
1888.

=Erxl.= _Syst. R. A._--Christ. Polyc. Erxleben Systema Regni
Animalis per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, &c. Classis I.
Mammalia. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1777.

“_Field._”--Field, the Farm, the Garden; the Country Gentleman’s
Newspaper. Folio. London, 1853–1900.

=Fisch.= _Zoogn._--Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata, etc.
Auctore GOTTHELP FISCHER. 3 vols. Mosquæ, 1813–14.

=Fisch.= _Syn. Mamm._--Synopsis Mammalium. Auctore JOHANNE
BAPTISTA FISCHER. 8vo. Stuttgardtiæ, 1729.

=Flow. & Gars.= _Cat. Ost. Coll. Surg._--Catalogue of the
Specimens illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of
Vertebrated Animals recent and extinct, contained in the Museum
of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Part II. Mammalia.
By W. H. FLOWER, LL.D., assisted by J. G. GARSON, M.D. 8vo.
London, 1884.

=Flow. & Lyd.= _Mamm._--An Introduction to the Study of Mammals
living and extinct. By W. H. FLOWER, C.B., and RICHARD LYDEKKER,
B.A. 8vo. London, 1891.

=Forst.= _Descr. Anim._--Descriptiones Animalium quæ in
itinere ad Maris Australis Terras per Annos 1772–74. Collegit,
Observavit et Delineavit J. R. FORSTER. Curante HENRICO
LICHTENSTEIN. 8vo. Berolini, 1844.

=Forst.= _Zool. Ind._--Indische Zoologie oder systematische
Beschreibungen seltener und unbekannter Thiere aus Indien.
Herausgegeben von J. R. FORSTER. Folio. Halle, 1781.

=Fraser=, _Zool. Typ._--Zoologia Typica, or Figures of new or
rare Mammals and Birds described in the Proceedings or exhibited
in the Collections of the Zoological Society of London. By LOUIS
FRASER. Folio. London, 1849.

=Gatt.= _Brev. Zool._--Breviarum Zoologiæ. Pars I. Mammalia.
Auctore C. W. J. GATTERER. 8vo. Gottingæ, 1780.

=I. Geoffr. St.-Hil.= _Voy. Jacq. Mamm._--Voyage dans l’Inde,
par Victor Jacquemont, pendant les Années 1828 à 1832. Tome IV.
Mammifères, par I. GEOFF. SAINT-HILAIRE. Folio. Paris, 1844.

=Gerrard=, _Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M._--Catalogue of the Bones of
Mammalia in the British Museum. By EDWARD GERRARD. 8vo. London,
1862.

=Gerv.= _Hist. Nat. Mamm._--Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères.
Par PAUL GERVAIS. 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1854–55.

=Gesner=, _Hist. Anim. Quadr._--Conradi Gesneri medici Tigurini,
Historiæ Animalium. Liber I. de Quadrupedibus viviparis. Editio
secunda. Folio. Francofurti ad M., 1620.

=Ghika=, _Au Pays des Somalis_.--Cinq Mois au Pays des Somalis.
Par Prince N. D. GHIKA. 8vo. Gèneve et Bâle, 1898.

=Gieb.= _Säug._--Die Säugethiere in zoologischer, anatomischer
und palæontologischer Beziehung, umfassend dargestellt von Dr.
C. G. GIEBEL. 8vo. Leipzig, 1859.

_Glean. in Sc._--Gleanings in Science. 3 vols. 8vo. Calcutta,
1829–31.

=Glog.= _Naturg._--Gemeinnütziges Hand-und Hilfsbuch der
Naturgeschichte. Von Dr. C. W. L. GLOGER. 8vo. Breslau, 1841.

=Gm.= _S. N._--Caroli a Linné Systema Naturæ. Cura JO. FRID.
GMELIN. Vol. I. 8vo. Lipsiæ, 1788.

=Gray=, _Cat. Hodgson Coll._, or _Cat. Mamm. Nepal_, _Hodgson
Coll._--Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammalia and
Birds of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to
the British Museum. By J. E. GRAY. 12mo. London, 1846.

----.----. Second edition. 8vo. London, 1863.

=Gray=, _Cat. Rum. B. M._--Catalogue of Ruminant Mammalia
(Pecora, Linnæus) in the British Museum. By J. E. GRAY. 8vo.
London, 1872.

=Gray=, _Cat. Ung. B. M._--Catalogue of the Specimens of
Mammalia in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III.
Ungulata Furcipeda. By J. E. GRAY. 12mo. London, 1852.

=Gray=, _Hand-l. Rum._--Hand-list of the Edentate,
Thick-skinned, and Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum. By
Dr. J. E. GRAY. 8vo. London, 1873.

=Gray=, _List Mamm. B. M._--List of the Specimens of Mammalia
in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. GRAY. 12mo.
London, 1843.

=Gray=, _List Ost. B. M._--List of the Osteological Specimens
in the Collection of the British Museum. By J. E. GRAY. 12mo.
London, 1847.

=Gray=, _Med. Repos._--Gray in Medical Repository, or Original
Essays and Intelligence, relative to Physic, Surgery, Chemistry,
and Natural History. 8vo. New York, vol. xv. (1821).

=Gray & Hardw.= _Ill. Ind. Zool._--Illustrations of Indian
Zoology, chiefly selected from the Collection of Major-Gen.
Hardwicke. By J. E. GRAY. 2 vols. Folio. London, 1830–34.

=Griff.= _Cuv. An. K._--The Animal Kingdom, arranged in
conformity with its Organization, by the Baron CUVIER; with
additional Descriptions of all the Species hitherto named, and
of many not before noticed, by EDWARD GRIFFITH and others. 16
vols. 8vo. London, 1827–34.

=Harris=, _Wild Sports S. Afr._--The Wild Sports of Southern
Africa; being a Narrative of a Hunting Expedition from the Cape
of Good Hope, through the Territories of the Chief Moselekatse,
to the Tropic of Capricorn. By Capt. WILLIAM CORNWALLIS HARRIS.
8vo. London, 1839.

----.----. Fifth edition. Royal 8vo. London, 1852.

=Harris=, _Wild An. S. Afr._--Portraits of the Game and Wild
Animals of Southern Africa. By Capt. W. CORNWALLIS HARRIS.
Folio. London, 1840.

=Hempr. & Ehr.= _Symb. Phys._--Symbolæ Physicæ, seu Icones et
Descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum
quæ ex itineribus per Libyam, Ægyptum, Nubiam, Dongalam, Syriam,
Arabiam et Habessiniam. Publico Institutis sumptu F. G. HEMPRICH
et C. G. EHRENBERG. Folio. Berolini, 1828–45.

=Herm.= _Obs. Zool._--Observationes Zoologicæ. Par JOHANNES
HERMANN. 4to. Argentorati, 1804.

=Herm.= _Tabl. Affin. Anim._--Tabula Affinitatum Animalium.
Auctore JOHANNES HERMANN. 4to. Argentorati, 1783.

=Heude=, _Mém. Hist. Nat. Chine._--Mémoires concernant
l’Histoire Naturelle de l’Empire Chinois. Par P. M. HEUDE. Vols.
I.-III. Imp. 4to. Chang-hai, 1880–97.

=Heugl.= _Ant. u. Buff. N.O.-Afr._ (_N. Act. Leopold._ xxx. pt.
2).--Ueber die Antilopen und Büffel Nordost-Afrika’s. Von TH. V.
HEUGLIN. (Nova Acta kaiserliche Leopoldino-Carolinische deutsche
Akademie der Naturforscher, Band xxx. part 2, 1863.)

=Heugl.= _Faun. roth. Meer._, _Peterm. Mitth._--Th. v.
Heuglin’s Forschungen über die Fauna des Rothen Meeres und der
Somáli-Küste. (Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1861, p. 11.)

=Heugl.= _Reise N.O.-Afr._--Reise in Nordost-Afrika. Von TH.
HEUGLIN. 2 vols. 8vo. Braunschweig, 1877.

=Heugl.= _Reise Weiss. Nil._--Reise in das Gebiet des Weissen
Nil und seiner westlichen Zuflüsse in den Jahren 1862–64. Von
TH. V. HEUGLIN. 8vo. Leipzig, 1869.

=Hooker=, _Himalayan Journal_.--Himalayan Journals; or, Notes
of a Naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas; the
Khasia Mountains, &c. By JOSEPH DALTON HOOKER. 2 vols. 8vo.
London, 1854.

=Horsf.= _Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. I. Co._, or _Cat. Mamm. Ind.
Mus._--A. Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon.
East-India Company. By THOMAS HORSFIELD. 8vo. London, 1851.

=Hoyos=, _Aulihan_.--Zu den Aulihan. Reise-und Jagderlebnisse in
Somâlilande von ERNST GRAF HOYOS, Jun. 8vo. Wien, 1895.

=Huet=, _Coll. Mamm. Mus. d’Hist. Nat._--Collection des
Mammifères du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, classée suivant la
méthode de Cuvier; dessinée d’après nature par HUET. 4to. Paris,
1808.

=Humboldt.=--HUMBOLDT: Monatschrift für die gesamten
Naturwissenschaften. Stuttgart.

=Ill.= _Prodr. Syst. Mamm._--Caroli Illigeri Prodromus
systematis Mammalium et Avium. 8vo. Berolini, 1811.

“_Isis._”--See _Oken’s Isis_.

_J. A. S. B._--Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 8vo.
Calcutta.

_J. R. G. S._--Journal of Royal Geographical Society. 8vo.
London.

_J. Sci. Lisb._--Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas
e Naturaes.--Publicado sob os auspicios da Academia Real das
Sciencias de Lisboa. 8vo. Lisboa.

=Jackson=, _in Badm. Libr. Big Game Shooting_.--The Badminton
Library. Big Game Shooting. By CLIVE PHILLIPPS-WOLLEY.

_JB. Mus. Hamb_.--Jahrbuch der wissenschaftlichen Anstalten zu
Hamburg. 8vo. Hamburg.

=James=, _Unknown Horn of Afr._--The Unknown Horn of Africa. An
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=Jard.= _Nat. Libr._, or =Jard.= _Nat. Misc._--The Naturalist’s
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=Jent.= _Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus._ (_Mus. Pays-Bas_,
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=Jent.= _Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus._ (_Mus. Pays-Bas_,
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=Jerd.= _Mamm. Ind._--The Mammals of India; a Natural History
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JERDON. 8vo. Roorkee, 1867.

=Johnst.= _Brit. Centr. Afr._--British Central Africa, an
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under British Influence north of the Zambezi. By Sir H. H.
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=Johnston=, _Kilimanjaro_.--The Kilima-Njaro Expedition. A
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=Johnst.= _River Congo_.--The River Congo, from its Mouth to
Bólóbó. By H. H. JOHNSTON, F.Z.S. 8vo. London, 1884.

_Journ. Bombay N. H. Soc._--The Journal of the Bombay Natural
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_Journ. Phys._--Journal de Physique. 4to. Paris.

=Junker=, _Travels in Afr._--Travels in Africa during the Years
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_K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l._--Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens
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=Kerr=, _Linn. An. K._--The Animal Kingdom, or Zoological System
of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnæus. Together with numerous
additions from more recent Zoological writers, and illustrated
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=Kinloch=, _Large Game Shooting_.--Large Game Shooting in Thibet
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=Kirby=, _Haunts of Wild Game_.--In Haunts of Wild Game, a
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=Knowsl.= _Men._--Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at
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_Lacépède’s Buffon._--BUFFON, DAUBENTON et LACÉPÈDE. Histoire
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=Lataste=, _Mamm. Barb._ (_Act. Bord._ xxix.).--Étude de
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=Lataste=, _Mamm. Tunisie_.--Exploration Scientifique de la
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=Lath. & Dav.=, _Faunula Indica_.--Faunula Indica, id est
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=Layard=, _Cat. S. Afr. Mus._--Catalogue of the Specimens in the
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_Lefebvre’s Voy. Abyss._ vi., _Zool._--Voyage en Abyssinie
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Zoologie, par O. DES MURS, F. PRÉVOST, GUICHENOT, et
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=Less.= _H. N. Mamm._ (_Compl. Buff._ x.), or =Less.= _Compl.
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=Less.= _Man. Mamm._--Manuel de Mammalogie, ou Historie
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=Less.= _N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm._--Nouveau Tableau du Règne
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=Le Vaill.= _Voy. à l’Int. de l’Afrique._--Voyage de M.
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=Licht.= =Darst. Säug.=--Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter
Säugethiere in Abbildungen und Beschreibungen von fünf und
sechzig Arten auf funfzig colorirten Steindrucktafeln nach den
Originalen des zoologischen Museums der Universität zu Berlin.
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=Licht.= _Reise._--Reisen im südlichen Africa in den Jahren
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=Link=, _Beytr. Nat._--Beyträge zur Naturgesch. Band i. Heft 2.
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=Livingstone=, _Miss. Trav._--Missionary Travels and Researches
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=Loche=, _Cat. Mamm. Algérie._--Catalogue des Mammifères et des
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=Loche=, _Expl. Alg. Mamm._--Exploration Scientifique de
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=Lugard=, _E. Afr._, or =Lugard=, _Rise E. Afr. Emp._--The Rise
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=Lyd.= _Horns and Hoofs_.--Horns and Hoofs, or Chapters on
Hoofed Animals. By R. LYDEKKER. 8vo. London, 1893.

=Lyd.= _Royal Nat. Hist._--The Royal Natural History. Edited by
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=MB.= _Ak. Berl._--Monatsberichte der königlichen Akademie der
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_Madr. Journ._--The Madras Journal of Literature and Science.
8vo. Madras.

=McMaster=, _Notes on Jerdon’s Mamm. of India_, or =McMaster=,
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_Mag. nat. Freund. Berl._--Der Gesellschaft naturforschender
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=Marno=, _Reise in der Aegypt. Aequat.-Prov._--Reise in der
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=Marno=, _Reise im Geb. d. blauen u. weissen Nil._--Reisen im
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=Matsch.= _Mittheil. deutsch. Schutzgebiet._--Mittheilungen aus
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=Matschie=, _Thierw. Ost-Afr. Säugeth._, or _Säug.
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_Mélang. Biol._--Mélanges Biologiques tirés du Bulletin de
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_Mém. Ac. Pétersb._--Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des
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_Mém. de l’Inst., Sci. Phys._--Mémoires de l’Institut Sciences
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_Mem. Sci. Pisa._--Memorie Scientifiche, Pisa. Vol. I. 8vo.
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=Ménétriés=, _Cat. rais. Zool. Caucase._--Catalogue Raisonné
des Objets de Zoologie recueillis dans un Voyage au Caucase et
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=Millais=, _A Breath from the Veldt_.--A. Breath from the Veldt.
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_Misc. Cur. Acad. Nat. Cur._--Kaiserliche
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_Mitth. deutsch. Schutzgebiet._, or _MT. deutsch.
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_Mitth. Ges. nat. Fr._--Mittheilungen Berlinische Gesellschaft
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=Mockler-Ferryman=, _Up the Niger._--Up the Niger, Narrative of
Major C. Macdonald’s Mission to the Niger and Benue Rivers, West
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=Müll.= _Naturs._--Des Ritters Carl von Linné Natursystem. Von
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=Murray=, _Zool. Sind._--The Vertebrate Zoology of Sind. By
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=Nachtigal=, _Sahara and Soudan_.--Sah[)a]râ und Sûdan.
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_N. Act. Ups._--Nova Acta Regiæ Societatis Scientiarum
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_Nature._--Nature, a Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science. 4to.
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_N. Comm. Ac. Petrop._--Novi Commentarii Academiæ Scientiarum
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_N. Dict. d’H. N._--Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle
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=Neumann=, _Elephant-Hunting in E. Africa._--Elephant-Hunting in
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=Nicolls & Egl.= _Sportsm. S. Afr._--The Sportsman in South
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_N. L. M._--Notes from the Leyden Museum. 8vo. Leiden.

_Novitat. Zool._--Novitates Zoologicæ; a Journal of Zoology in
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_Öfv. K. Vet.-Ak. Förh._--Öfversigt af Kongl.
Ventenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. 8vo. Stockholm.

=Oken=, _Allg. Nat._, or =Oken=, _Allgem.
Naturgesch._--Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände. Von
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=Oken=, _Lehrb. Naturgesch._--OKEN’S Lehrbuch der
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_Oken’s Isis._--Isis von OKEN. 4to. Leipzig.

_P. Ac. Philad._--Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences
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_P. A. S. B._--Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
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=Pall.= _Misc. Zool._--P. S. PALLAS: Miscellanea Zoologica. 4to.
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=Pall.= _Spic. Zool._--Spicilegia Zoologica. Cura P. S. PALLAS.
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=Pall.= _Zoogr. Ross.-As._--Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, sistens
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=Penn.= _Hist. of Quad._--History of Quadrupeds. By THOMAS
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=Penn.= _Syn. Mamm._--Synopsis of Quadrupeds. By THOMAS PENNANT.
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_Penny Enc._--The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the
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=Petherick=, _Travels in Centr. Afr._--Travels in Central
Africa, and Explorations of the Western Nile Tributaries. By Mr.
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=Pet.= _Säug. Mossamb._--Naturwissenschaftliche Reise nach
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_Phil. Mag._--Philosophical Magazine. 8vo. London.

_Phil. Trans._--Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
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=Pollok=, _Sport in Brit. Burmah_.--Sport in British Burmah,
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_P. Bost. Soc. N. H._--Proceedings of the Boston Society of
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_P. U.S. Nat. Mus._--Proceedings of the United States National
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=Przewalski=, _Cat. Coll._--Catalogue of the Zoological
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=Przewalski=, _Mongolia_.--Mongolia and the Country of Tangut.
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----. Mongolia, the Tangut Country. By Lieut.-Col. N.
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_Publ. Chicago Mus. Zool._--Publications of the Chicago Museum.
Zoology. Part I. 8vo. Chicago, 1897.

_P. Z. S._--Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.
8vo. London.

_Quart. Orient. Mag._--Quarterly Oriental Magazine. 8vo.
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=Radde=, _Ost-Sibirien_.--Reisen im Süden von Ost-Sibirien in
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=Rafinesque=, _Analyse de la Nature_.--Analyse de la Nature,
ou Tableau de l’Univers et des corps organisés. Par C. S.
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=Ray=, _Quadr._--Synopsis Methodica Animalium Quadrupedum et
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=Reichenb.= _Säug._--Die vollständigste Naturgeschichte des
In-und Auslandes. Von H. G. LUDWIG REICHENBACH. Der Säugethiere.
Band III. 8vo. Dresden und Leipzig, 1845.

_Rep. Counc. Z. S. L._--Report of the Council of the Zoological
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=Rochebrune=, _Faune de la Sénégamb., Mamm._--ROCHEBRUNE, Faune
de la Sénégambie. Mammifères. 8vo. Paris, 1883.

=Rothschild=, _Nov. Zool._--Novitates Zoologicæ; a Journal of
Zoology in connection with the Tring Museum. Edited by the Hon.
WALTER ROTHSCHILD, E. HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN. 4to. London.

=Rüpp.=, _N. Wirb. Abyss. Säug._--Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna
von Abyssinien gehörig, entdeckt und beschrieben. Von Dr. EDUARD
RÜPPELL. Säugethiere. Folio. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1835.

=Rütimeyer=, _Rind. Tert.-Epoch._--Abhandlungen der
schweizerischen paläontologischen Gesellschaft. Die Rinder
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der Antilopen. Von L. RÜTIMEYER. Folio. Zürich, 1877–78.

_S. Afr. Quart. Journ._--South African Quarterly Journal. 2
vols. 8vo. Cape Town, 1829–35.

=Salt=, _Travels in Abyssinia_.--A Voyage to Abyssinia, and
Travels into the Interior of that Country, executed in the Years
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_SB. Ak. Wien._, or _SB. Wien._--Sitzungsberichte der
kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften. 8vo. Wien.

_SB. nat. Freund._--Sitzungs-Berichte der Gesellschaft
naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. 8vo. Berlin.

_SB. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien._--Sitzungsberichte der
kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in
Wien. 8vo. Wien.

=Schinz=, _Cuv. Thierr._--Das Thierreich, eingetheilt nach dem
Bau der Thiere, als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der
vergleichende Anatomie. Von Baron von CUVIER. Aus dem Franz. von
H. R. SCHINZ. 4 vols. 8vo. Stuttgart, 1821–25.

=Schinz=, _Mon. Ant._, or _Mon. Säugeth._--Monographien der
Säugethiere. Von H. R. SCHINZ. Mit Abbildungen nach der Natur
und den vorzüglichsten naturwissenschaftlichen Werken gezeichnet
von CONRAD KULL. Text and Atlas. 4to. Zürich, 1848.

=Schinz=, _Nat. Abb. d. Säug._--Naturgeschichte und Abbildungen
der Säugethiere. Von H. R. SCHINZ. Text and Atlas. 4to. Zürich,
1824.

=Schinz=, _Syn. Mamm._--Systematisches Verzeichniss aller bis
jetzt bekannten Säugethiere oder Synopsis Mammalium nach dem
Cuvier’schen System. Von Dr. HEINRICH SCHINZ. 2 vols. 8vo.
Solothurn, 1844–45.

_Schneider’s ed. Buffon._--BUFFON et DAUBENTON. Histoire
Naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la Description du
Cabinet du Roi. 38 vols. [Supplements par J. ALLAMAND.] 4to.
Amsterdam, Schneider, 1766–99.

=Schreb.= _Säug._--Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der
Natur mit Beschreibungen. Von J. C. D. VON SCHREBER. Theile
I.-IV.--Fortgesetzt von Dr. J. A. WAGNER. Theile V.-VII. 4to.
Erlangen, 1775–1855.

=Schweinfurth=, _Herz. von Afrika_.--Im Herzen von Afrika.
Reisen und Entdeckungen in Centralen Aequatorial-Afrika während
der Jahre 1868 bis 1871. 2 vols. 8vo. Leipzig and London, 1874.

----.----. Translated by ELLEN E. FREWER. 2 vols. 8vo. London,
1873.

=Scl.= _List Anim. Zool. Soc._, or =Scl=. _List An. Z. S._--List
of the Vertebrated Animals now or lately living in the Gardens
of the Zoological Society of London. By P. L. SCLATER. Eighth
edition. 8vo. London, 1883.

----.----. Ninth edition. 8vo. London, 1896.

=Scl.= _Cat. Mamm. Calc. Mus._--Catalogue of Mammalia in the
Indian Museum, Calcutta. By W. L. SCLATER, M.A. Part II. 8vo.
Calcutta, 1891.

=Seba=, _Thesaurus_.--Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri
accurata descriptio. Descripsit ALBERTUS SEBA. 4 vols. Folio.
Amstelædami, 1734–65.

=Selous=, _Hunter’s Wanderings_.--A Hunter’s Wanderings in
Africa. By FREDERICK COURTENEY SELOUS. 8vo. London, 1881.

=Shaw=, _Gen. Zool._--General Zoology; or, Systematic Natural
History. By GEORGE SHAW. 14 vols. 8vo. London, 1800–26.

_Silliman’s Amer. Journ._--The American Journal of Science and
Arts. Edited by Prof. SILLIMAN. 8vo. New Haven.

=Sm.= Ill. Zool. S. Afr.--Illustrations of the Zoology of South
Africa. By ANDREW SMITH. Mammalia. 4to. London, 1838–48.

=Smuts=, _En. Mamm. Cap._--Dissertatio zoologica inauguralis,
exhibens Enumerationem Mammalium Capensium. Defendet JOHANNES
SMUTS. 4to. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1832.

=Sparrm.= _Reise._--Resa till Goda Hopps-udden, södra
Pol-kretsen och omkring jordklotet, samt till Hottentott-och
Caffer-Landen, Åren 1772–76. A. SPARRMAN. 8vo. Stockholm, 1783.

=Sparrm.= _Voy. to Cape_ (_Engl. Transl._).--A Voyage to the
Cape of Good Hope, towards the Antarctic Polar Circle, and round
the World. By ANDREW SPARRMAN. (Translated from the Swedish
original.) 2 vols. 4to. London, 1786.

=Speke=, _Journ. of Disc._--Journal of Discovery of the Source
of the Nile. By JOHN HANNING SPEKE. 8vo. Edinburgh and London,
1863.

=Speke=, _Rep. Zool. Coll. Somali_.--Report on a Zoological
Collection from the Somali Country. By EDWARD BLYTH. With
Additions and Corrections by the Collector, J. H. SPEKE. 8vo.
London, 1860.

=Sterndale=, _Mamm. Ind._--Natural History of the Mammalia of
India and Ceylon. By ROBERT A. STERNDALE. 8vo. Calcutta, 1884.

=Sund.= _Pecora_.--Methodisk öfversigt af Idislande
djuren, Linné’s Pecora. Af CARL J. SUNDEVALL. Kongl.
Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, för År 1844. 8vo. Stockholm,
1846.

=Sund.= _Hornschuch’s Transl._--Methodische Uebersicht der
wiederkäuenden Thiere, Linné’s Pecora. Von CARL SUNDEVALL. Aus
dem Schwedischen durch Prof. HORNSCHUCH. Archiv scandinavischen
Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte; von HORNSCHUCH. Band II. 8vo.
Greifswald, 1850. Reprint (separately paged), 1848.

=Swayne=, _Somaliland_, or =Swayne=, _Seventeen Trips to
Somaliland_.--Seventeen Trips to Somáliland; a Record of
Exploration and Big Game Shooting, 1885 to 1893. By Captain H.
G. C. SWAYNE, R.E. 8vo. London, 1895.

=Temm.= _Esq. Zool. Guin._--Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Côte de
Guiné. Par C. J. TEMMINCK. 8vo. Leiden, 1853.