Chapter VI: Part 6

Horns “directed backwards, and lying below the plane of the upper surface of the skull”; those of male 4½ inches long; slender, straight, not thickened at the base in front.

Dimensions:--♂. Head and body 38 inches, ear 4¼, hind foot (hoof to hock) 9½.

Skull: basal length, from occipital condyle, 8·5 inches; greatest breadth 4; nasals, length 3·7.

This description has been compiled from Mr. True’s two notices and from his figures of the animal and its skull, as we have not as yet had any opportunity of seeing examples of the species, of which no specimen has come to Europe.

_Hab._ East Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro, at high elevations
(_Abbott_).

We now proceed to consider the smaller Duikers of the section with horns slanting backwards. These are generally of a rufous colour, varied by more or less intense dark markings on the face and dorsal line, only _C. doriæ_, which we place by itself, having the back transversely barred.

Sir John Willoughby’s volume on ‘East Africa and its Big Game’ gives an excellent account of the adventures of himself and a party of friends during a shooting-expedition to the hunting-grounds of Kilimanjaro and its neighbourhood, and of the great variety and enormous quantity of the larger mammals to be met with, a few years ago, in that district. In an appendix to the volume, contributed by Mr. H. C. V. Hunter, F.Z.S., is added a systematic account of the principal mammals met with on the plains round Kilimanjaro and on the mountain itself, amongst which we find recorded such splendid Antelopes as the Eland, Koodoo, Oryx, Hartebeest, Gnu, Pallah, Waterbuck, Reedbuck, and three kinds of Gazelle. At the close of the list Mr. Hunter notes the occurrence, high up on Kilimanjaro, of a species of _Cephalophus_ “of a dark red colour, much larger than the Common Duiker (_C. grimmi_). A male of this probably new Antelope, it is stated, had been killed by Dr. Abbott.” This, so far as we know, is the first published mention of the species of which we now speak as Abbott’s Duiker.

Dr. W. L. Abbott, who is thus alluded to, is an American naturalist and explorer who passed nearly two years, in 1888 and 1889, collecting objects of natural history in the district of Kilimanjaro. On his return to America Dr. Abbott presented his whole collection to the National Museum, which is under the charge of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. Mr. Frederick W. True, the Curator of the Department of Mammals, to whom was assigned the task of describing the collection, speaks of it as “one of high scientific value.” “The specimens,” he says, “have been prepared with much care, the skins being almost invariably accompanied by the skulls, and furnished with labels giving the locality and date of capture, the sex, and other data.” It included altogether about ninety skins and an equal number of skulls representing some thirty-eight species. Amongst these was a single male example of the present Antelope, no doubt the specimen alluded to by Mr. Hunter which is stated to have been killed at a high altitude on Kilimanjaro. As there is no specimen of this Antelope available for our use, we have, as already stated, extracted the more essential characteristics from Mr. True’s two accounts.

Mr. True was of opinion that _C. spadix_ is closely allied to _C. niger_, and even possibly identical with it. We think, however, that its nearest relatives are probably _C. natalensis_ and _C. harveyi_, from which it is at once distinguishable by its larger size.

_May, 1895._

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XVI.

_Wolf del. Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._

The Natal Duiker

CEPHALOPHUS NATALENSIS

_Published by R. H. Porter._]

22. THE NATAL DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS NATALENSIS, A. SMITH.

[PLATE XVI.]

_Cephalophus natalensis_, =A. Smith=, S. Afr. Quart. Journ. ii.
p. 217 (1834); =id.= III. Zool. S. Afr., Mamm. t. xxxii. (1841);
=Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p. 166 (1846); =id.= Knowsl.
Men. p. 10 (1850); =id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 123; =Turner=, P. Z.
S. 1850 p. 170; =Gray=, Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 85, pl. x. fig. 1
(skull) (1852); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862);
=Blyth=, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. p. 168 (1863); =Fitz.= SB. Wien,
lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 598; =id.=
Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 27 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. p. 96 (1873);
=Drummond=, Large Game S. Afr. p. 391 (1875); =Scl.= List Anim.
Z. S. (8) p. 146 (1883); =Scl.= f. Cat. Mamm. Calc. Mus. ii. p.
168 (1891); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.)
p. 162 (1892); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 419; =Nicolls & Egl.=
Sportsm. S. Afr. p. 23, pl. i. fig. 2 (head) (1892); =Ward=,
Horn Meas. p. 77 (1892); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 209 (1893).

_Cephalophorus natalensis_, =Gray=, List Mamm. B. M. p. 163
(1843).

_Sylvicapra natalensis_, =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l.
1844, p. 190 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand.
Beitr. ii. p. 142; Reprint, p. 66 (1848).

_Antilope (Cephalolophus) natalensis_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Supp.
iv. p. 453 (1844), v. p. 426 (1855); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 321 (1859).

VERNACULAR NAMES:--_Incumbi_ of Swazis and _Mangule_ of
Shangaans (_Rendall_); _Roode-bok_ of Dutch.

Size rather small. Form slender. Colour bright rufous chestnut all over, without marks or stripes of any kind, except that there is a faintly marked red superciliary line. Back of neck greyish brown. Chin and throat whitish. Tail slender, rufous at base; brown, tipped with white, at its extremity.

Horns set parallel to nasal profile; those of male conical, much thickened at their bases; their greatest basal diameter going about three times into their length; length about 3 inches in an old specimen: those of female similar, but smaller and more sharply pointed, 1·5 inch in length.

Skull--frontal region roughened and convex; anteorbital fossæ of medium depth; edge of median posterior palatal notch but little anterior (about ¼ inch) to the lateral notches.

Dimensions:--♀. Height at withers 17 inches, length of ear 2·5, hind foot 7·6.

Skull ♂: basal length 5·6 inches, greatest breadth 2·8, orbit to muzzle 3·15.

_Hab._ Natal, Transvaal, and Mashonaland.

The Natal Duiker, which is perhaps a southern representative of the next species, is, like it, of a nearly uniform bright bay colour, rather paler below, and with some inconspicuous darker markings on the vertical crest. Our figure of this species (Plate XVI.) was put on the stone by Mr. Smit from a sketch prepared by Mr. Wolf, and was probably taken from one of the specimens in the British Museum; but of this, we regret to say, there is no certain record.

The discovery of the Natal Duiker is due to Sir Andrew Smith, who met with it in the forests of Natal and first described it in 1834 in one of his articles on African Zoology published in the ‘South African Quarterly Journal.’ Sir Andrew afterwards figured it in the volume of Mammals of his ‘Illustrations of South African Zoology,’ where the following notes are given on its habits:--“Both _C. cæruleus_ [= _C. monticola_, nob.] and _C. natalensis_ inhabit the African forests; the former towards the Cape of Good Hope, the latter to the eastward about and beyond Port Natal. They both feed partly upon the grass which occurs among the underwood, and partly upon the young leaves and shoots of the brushwood and small trees which exist in the situations they inhabit; and to obtain the latter they may occasionally be seen scrambling among shrubs, or ascending the stems of sloping trees, so as to reach what they cannot attain while they are on the ground.”

Beyond a reference to its name in various lists and catalogues, we find little more recorded concerning this Antelope until modern days, when several experienced observers have mentioned it. In his ‘Rough Notes on the Game and Natural History of South and South-east Africa,’ published in 1875, the Hon. W. H. Drummond mentions the “Red-buck,” as he calls it, as one of the two species of _Cephalophus_ that inhabit the jungles of Natal, the other being “the Blue-buck” (_Cephalophus monticola_). Of these, Mr. Drummond says the Red-buck “is the larger and also the least common. It is, as its name denotes, of a light yellowish-red colour, mingled with grey on the lower parts, and its chief peculiarity is a tuft of hair growing out of the forehead, which gives a curious appearance to the hornless does, while it partially conceals the small horns of the bucks. Its flesh is anything but good, and it is difficult to shoot, from the tremendous rushes it makes when disturbed. So fast and heedlessly does it run, that I once saw a buck, that had passed me while I was loading, entangle itself in a mass of creepers, from which, despite its struggles, it was unable to escape until I released it with the help of my knife. It was quite uninjured, and I kept it in confinement for some weeks, but, like most Antelopes when caught full-grown, it ultimately pined away and died.”

Messrs. Nicolls and Eglington, in their ‘Sportsman in South Africa’ (1892), tell us that this Antelope is found only in Zululand, Natal, and the southern portions of Swaziland, but is everywhere very scarce. It is, however, stated on good authority to have been found recently in South-eastern Mashonaland. In habits, these authors say, it resembles the Common Duiker, except that it chooses dense forest as a residence.

So far as we know, but one specimen of the Natal Duiker has ever been brought to Europe alive. This was a male which was purchased in 1880 (March 14th), by the Zoological Society of London, of Mr. Charles Jamrach, for the sum of £6 10_s_., and lived some months in the Menagerie.

Besides the skin of an adult female of this species, received from Sir Andrew Smith as the type of _C. natalensis_, there is a mounted pair in the National Museum, collected by Dr. A. Krauss, and received in exchange from the Stuttgart Museum. There are also skins of adults of both sexes and accompanying skulls in the same collection from the Transvaal, obtained by Dr. Percy Rendall, C.M.Z.S., in 1893 and 1894. Dr. Rendall has kindly favoured us with the following notes upon the present species of Duiker:--

“The local Colonial name for this Antelope is the ‘Lesser Red-buck.’ To the Swazis it is the ‘Incumbi,’ and to the Shangaans the ‘Mangule.’

“Its occurrence I found confined to a very limited area, _i.e._ the slopes of the Makongwa Mountains, which are locally termed ‘Moodie’s Concession,’ in the Barberton portion of the Transvaal, adjoining Swaziland. Here it was not uncommon in places; its resorts being always the wooded creeks or ‘dongas,’ where there is dense cover.

“Its habits are so skulking that it is extremely hard to procure specimens, even when the hunter is aware of its existence in a particular locality. Nothing but a well organized beat with natives and dogs will make these animals break cover from the bush and long grass they frequent.

“I never heard of one being seen or shot in the open, and their spoor and droppings are only seen just on the outskirts of the cover, where they feed at night.

“The way in which they double and dodge the dogs and beaters in full cry is inimitable, and to an onlooker is most entertaining. Their vitality is wonderful, and their power of endurance before dogs considerable, especially considering their comparatively small size. There is little difference between the respective weights of the sexes when adult, as I was surprised to find when I put them into the scale.

“The female is always horned, and in two specimens that I dissected each was found to be carrying a quarter-grown (hairless) fœtus, in the month of April. A wounded animal that I saw pulled down by a dog gave vent to a prolonged squeal, not unlike a rabbit or hare does under similar circumstances, though fainter in volume.

“The long tuft of hair around and between the horns is always more marked in the male, and practically masks the horns. The flesh is not appreciated by a European palate, though the reverse is the case with the Swazis, as I have noticed.

“_Measurements taken of three Adult Specimens, 15th April, 1894._

+---------------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
| | | | |
| | 1. (♂.) | 2. (♀.) | 3. (♀.) |
| | | | |
+---------------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
| | in. | in. | in. |
| Height at shoulder | 17¾ | 18 | 16¾ |
| | | | |
|Circumference of barrel } | | | |
| behind shoulder } | 18¾ | 18¼ | 17¼ |
| | | | |
| Point of shoulder to nose | 12¼ | 14 | 12¾ |
| | | | |
| Circumference of neck | 10 | 9¼ | 9¼ |
| | | | |
| Nose to tail | 36¼ | 38 | 39¼ |
| | | | |
| Weight | 26 lbs. | 27½ lbs. | 25½ lbs.”|
+---------------------------+-----------+-------------+-----------+

_May, 1895._

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XVII.

_J. Smit del et lith._ _Hanhart imp._

Harvey’s Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS HARVEYI.

_Published by R. H. Porter._]

23. HARVEY’S DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS HARVEYI, THOS.

[PLATE XVII.]

_Cephalolophus natalensis_, =Noack=, Humboldt, v. pt. 9, p. 6,
fig. 5 (animal) (1886); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 419 (in part,
_nec_ A. Smith).

_Cephalophus nigrifrons_, =True=, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. xv. p. 476
(1892) (Taveta) (_nec_ Gray).

_Cephalophus harveyi_, =Thos.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (6) xi. p. 48
(1893); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 210 (1893); =Jackson=, Badm.
Libr. Big Game Shooting, i. pp. 167, 285, 308 (1894); =Thos.=
Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) xv. p. 6 (1895) (Somali).

Size and general coloration almost exactly as in _C. natalensis_, but with a brown or blackish blaze on the face as in _C. nigrifrons_, extending from the nasals to the occiput, and expanding on the forehead. Feet slender; hoofs not specially elongated.

Skull much roughened and swollen in the frontal region; muzzle rather short and conical; median notch of palate but little deeper than the lateral ones.

Horns (♂) conical, very thick at the base, their greatest basal diameter going barely two and a half times in their length, which in an old individual is 3·1 inches.

Dimensions:--Skull, basal length 5·9 inches, greatest breadth 3, muzzle to orbit 3·3.

_Hab._ British East Africa (Kilimanjaro district) and Southern
Somaliland.

In Harvey’s Duiker we have a third species of the smaller-sized section of this group of Duikers which, although, like the two preceding, of nearly uniform colour as regards the body, has a distinct black blaze on the face, in which character it resembles _C. nigrifrons_ of the West Coast of Africa. So closely allied, however, are all the Duikers of the present section that, as will be seen from our list of synonyms, Harvey’s Duiker was associated first of all with _C. natalensis_ and afterwards with _C. nigrifrons_, before it was recognized by Thomas as having good claims to constitute an independent species. Thomas took his characters, which were published in the ‘Annals of Natural History’ in 1893, from a head obtained by Mr. F. J. Jackson in the Kilimanjaro district some years ago, and subsequently presented to the British Museum. In his chapter on “Game Districts and Routes,” in the first volume of ‘Big Game Shooting,’ we find that Mr. Jackson has mentioned the present species as met with along with the elephant in the dense and almost impenetrable forests near Taveta. At Mr. Jackson’s suggestion Thomas appropriately dedicated the present species to Sir Robert Harvey, whose repeated expeditions to East Africa have made us so well acquainted with the animals of that district.

Head of Harvey’s Duiker.

(From Mr. Jackson’s specimen.)]

On re-examining the specimens at the British Museum, Thomas discovered that a skin obtained many years ago by Sir John Kirk near Malindi, on the coast of British East Africa, and previously referred erroneously to _C. natalensis_ (owing to its having lost the fur off its face), likewise belongs to this species, which, as Mr. Jackson has informed us, does occur in a patch of forest about one day south-west of Malindi.

There can be little doubt also that the Black-fronted Antelope obtained by Dr. W. L. Abbott near Taveta during his expedition of 1888–89, of which we have already spoken, and now in the National Museum of the United States at Washington, should be referred to _C. harveyi_. Mr. True provisionally determined it as _C. nigrifrons_, not having specimens of that Antelope from the western coast to compare it with, and has given us an excellent description of it in his memoir on Dr. Abbott’s mammals.

More recently, again, this species has been obtained by Capt. Bottego in South Somaliland, as mentioned in Thomas’s report on the mammals presented by that sportsman to the Museo Civico at Genoa.

Our figure of Harvey’s Duiker (Plate XVII.) has been prepared by Mr. Smit from Sir John Kirk’s specimen in the British Museum, the head in the same collection obtained by Mr. Jackson having been used where Sir John Kirk’s specimen is imperfect.

_May, 1895._

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XVIII.

_Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._

Fig. 1. The Black-fronted Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS NIGRIFRONS.

Fig. 2. Ogilby’s Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS OGILBYI.

_Published by R. H. Porter._]

24. THE BLACK-FRONTED DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS NIGRIFRONS, GRAY.

[PLATE XVIII. FIG. 1.]

_Cephalophus nigrifrons_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 578, fig. 6
(skull), pl. xlvi. (animal); =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 27 (1872);
=id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 96 (1873); =Peters=, MB. Ak. Berl.
1876, p. 482 (Cameroons); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S. (8) p. 147
(1883); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 419; =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs,
p. 210 (1893).

_Cephalophus aureus_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xii. p. 42
(1873) (jr.); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 95 (1873).

VERNACULAR NAME:--_Ngolo_ in the Cameroons (_Buchholz_).

Size medium. Colour of body rich chestnut, scarcely or not at all paler below. Centre of face and crest deep black, contrasting markedly with the rufous superciliary streaks. Nape browner. Feet and tip of tail blackish, a few white hairs in the terminal tuft of the latter. Hoofs apparently longer in proportion than usual; lower edge of the posterior outer hoof 1·57 inch in length.

Horns, judging only from the cores, decidedly short, and but little expanded at their base; the cores in an adult male about 1·9 inch long. Their set parallel to, and a little below, the level of the nasal profile.

Skull with the frontal region decidedly convex. Muzzle rather narrow and elongated. Anteorbital fossæ of medium depth. Median posterior palatine notch some distance (⅓ inch in type) in front of the level of the lateral notches.

Dimensions:--♂. Approximate height at withers 19 inches, ear 2·3, hind foot 9·2.

Skull: basal length 6·3 inches, greatest breadth 3·1, muzzle to orbit 3·6.

_Hab._ Coast of Western Africa from Cameroons to Gaboon.

Although the great wood-region of Western Africa has been repeatedly visited by naturalists since the days of Afzelius in the last century, and many collections have been formed there, very little has been recorded respecting the habits of the mammals of this part of the continent. The reason of this, no doubt, is mainly the impenetrable nature of the forests and bush which cover the whole country and which allow much fewer observations to be made upon the habits and peculiarities of the animals than in the more open and easily traversed districts of the Ethiopian Region. Of the present and several other species of this genus of Antelopes, for example, we shall see that very little information can be given except what results from the examination of their skins and skulls brought home as specimens for our museums.

Skull of _Cephalophus nigrifrons_.

(P. Z. S. 1871, p. 598.)]

Like Harvey’s Duiker of Eastern Africa, the Black-fronted Duiker, which is its representative and close ally in the great western wood-region, carries a coat of a nearly uniform chestnut. Like _C. harveyi_, also, it has a distinct black blaze down the centre of the face, whence the appropriate name _C. nigrifrons_ has been bestowed on it. Its distinctions from Harvey’s Duiker, as pointed out by Thomas, are that it is of a much more uniform colour all over and hardly paler below, while in the last-named species the cheeks, sides of the neck, and throat are of a pale bay, and the chin is white as in _C. natalensis_. Its most striking characteristic is, however, the fact that its hoofs are very much longer than is usual in the genus, an elongation which is probably due to its inhabiting marshy and boggy regions, where its long hoofs would prevent its sinking so deeply as it otherwise would into the muddy soil.

The typical specimens of this Duiker formed part of the collection made by Mr. DuChaillu during his celebrated visit to the Gaboon in 1856 and the following years, the greater part of which were ultimately acquired by the British Museum. On reference to the ‘Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa’ of DuChaillu we can find no reference to it, unless, as is probable, it is alluded to as one of the “four species of Gazelle not yet determined,” which are enumerated in the appendix. When, however, DuChaillu’s specimens came under the experienced eye of the late Dr. Gray, on the occasion of his preparing a monograph of the genus _Cephalophus_ (subsequently published in the Zoological Society’s ‘Proceedings’ for 1871), it was quickly discovered that amongst them was a representative of a new and distinct species of the present genus, which was described and figured as _C. nigrifrons_. In a subsequent communication to the ‘Annals of Natural History’ in 1871, Dr. Gray described a specimen of what he believed to be another new species of _Cephalophus_ under the name of _C. aureus_. On this occasion he tells us that the specimens, both of his _C. nigrifrons_ and of his _C. aureus_, “had been sent home from Africa by Mr. DuChaillu as materials for stuffing out the skin of a specimen” of a larger Antelope (_Tragelaphus euryceros_). We believe it to be the fact that, as Sclater was assured by the late Dr. Gray, he described four new species of Antelopes from skins found in the interior of this _Tragelaphus_ when it was unstuffed for the purpose of being remounted for the collection of the British Museum. As regards the so-called _C. aureus_, however, a close examination of the typical specimen, made by Thomas in 1892, convinced him that it was a very young animal and was probably only an immature individual of the present species. We may observe, however, that its body is far brighter and more fulvous than that of the adult, that the withers and shoulders are browner, and that the caudal tuft is more abundantly mixed with white.

In 1882, as recorded in the eighth edition of their ‘List of Animals,’ the Zoological Society acquired by purchase of Mr. Cross, of Liverpool, a living specimen of the Black-fronted Antelope, which lived for about three months in the Menagerie. Of this it can only be said that, like most of the smaller Antelopes (if we except the Gazelles), it was shy and inoffensive in its disposition.

The existence of _C. nigrifrons_ in the Cameroons has been recorded by Peters, who published in 1876 an account of the collection of Mammals made by Dr. Reinhold Buchholz in this and other localities in Western Africa. Buchholz, when at the Cameroons, obtained a specimen of the Black-fronted Duiker from the natives who had captured it alive when swimming across a river. He remarks on the prominent appearance of the inguinal glands, and says that the horns are very short and conical, and almost covered by the frontal hairs. The native name of these _Cephalophi_ in the Cameroons is said to be “Ngolo.”

Our figure of this Bush-Duiker (Plate XVIII. fig. 1) was prepared by Mr. Smit under the direction of the late Sir Victor Brooke. It was probably taken from the specimen in the British Museum, but of this we are not quite sure.

_May, 1895._

25. THE WHITE-BELLIED DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS LEUCOGASTER, GRAY.

_Cephalophus leucogaster_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xii.
p. 43 (1873); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 420; =Lyd.= Horns and
Hoofs, p. 211 (1893).

Size medium. General colour dull chestnut-rufous, with a black dorsal band. Face rufous, darker down the centre; crest mixed rufous and black. Nape browner. Dorsal stripe commencing in front of the withers, not pure black, but grizzled with rufous, and not at all sharply defined laterally; posteriorly, however, on the tail it becomes abruptly very narrow and sharply defined, not covering the whole breadth of the tail, but bordered on each side with rufous or white. End of tail with a large mixed black and white tuft. Under surface of body from chin to anus, inner sides of forearms and hips, and also a line passing down the anterior side of the metatarsi, whitish or pure white; no trace of a darker sternal patch. Posterior faces of buttocks also pure white, very different from the deep chestnut of this part in _C. dorsalis_.

Horns of type (apparently ♀) conical, sharply pointed.

Skull, so far as can be gathered from a young and very imperfect example, with a slender narrow muzzle like that of _C. dorsalis castaneus_, quite unlike the short conical one of _C. d. typicus_.

Dimensions of the type (an immature specimen):--Height at withers 15 inches, ear 2·5, hind foot 7·9.

_Hab._ Gaboon.

The White-bellied Duiker is another discovery of Dr. Gray’s, made, as in the case related in the former article, on a specimen obtained from the interior of a stuffed example of _Tragelaphus euryceros_, received from Mr. DuChaillu. We may therefore fairly put down the locality of the specimen as Gaboon, to which district of Western Africa both of Mr. DuChaillu’s great journeys were confined. As in the former case also, the present species was described in the ‘Annals of Natural History’ for 1873, in a supplementary paper to Dr. Gray’s revision of the species of the present genus published in 1871. To what extent, however, the present is different from the allied species must remain uncertain until further specimens have been obtained, which, so far as we are aware, has not yet been the case.

The typical example of _Cephalophus leucogaster_ is probably a female and is quite immature, with the milk-molars still in position and the third molar still below the bone, and it is difficult to arrive at a definite conclusion from such a specimen. At the same time, as Thomas has shown in his article on the genus _Cephalophus_, published in 1892, it is not possible, in the present state of our knowledge, to refer the specimen to any described species. The black dorsal band distinguishes it from _C. nigrifrons_ and other preceding species, and the white hams and under surface from all the forms of the next following species--_C. dorsalis_--to which, perhaps, it most closely approximates. On the whole, therefore, we can at present only say that _C. leucogaster_ has been established on a young specimen of a species of which the adult form is not yet known to us.

_May, 1895._

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES. PL. XIX.

_Smit lith._ _Hanhart imp._

Fig. 1. The Red-flanked Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS RUFILATUS.

Fig. 2. The Bay Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS DORSALIS

_Published by R. H. Porter._]

26. THE BAY DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS DORSALIS, GRAY.

[PLATE XIX. FIG. 2.]

Subspecies _a_. C. D. TYPICUS.

_Cephalophus dorsalis_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
165 (1846); =id.= List Ost. Sp. B. M. p. 146 (1847); =id.=
Knowsl. Men. p. 10, pl. vii. (animal) (1850); =id.= P. Z. S.
1850, p. 123; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 84 (1852); =Temm.= Esq.
Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 218 (1853); =Scl.= P. Z. S. 1869, p. 594,
pl. xlvi.; =Murie=, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 595 (anatomy); =Fitz.=
SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p.
597, pl. xlv. (animal); =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 27 (1872);
=id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 96 (1873); =Scl.= List Anim. Z. S.
(8) p. 147 (1883); =Jent.= N. L. M. x. p. 20 (1887) (Liberia);
=id.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 132 (1887);
=Büttikofer=, Reisebild. Liberia, ii. p. 377 (1890); =Jent.=
Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.) p. 162 (1892);
=Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 420; =Matsch.= Mitth. deutsch.
Schutz-geb. vi. p. 81 (1893); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 211
(1893).

_Antilope (Cephalophus) dorsalis_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. v.
p. 424 (1855).

_Cephalophus dorsalis typicus_, =Thos.= _l. s. c._

_Cephalophus badius_, =Gray=, Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 84 (1852);
=Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862); =Gray=, P. Z. S.
1871, p. 595; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 26 (1872); =id.= Hand-l.
Rum. B. M. p. 94 (1873).

_Cephalophus breviceps_, =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 202, pl. xx.
(animal).

Subspecies _b_. C. D. CASTANEUS.

_Cephalophus dorsalis castaneus_, =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 421.

Subspecies _a_. C. D. TYPICUS.

Size medium. Ears extremely short and broad. General colour bright chestnut-rufous, with a dark mesial stripe running from the nose to the tail, only interrupted at the crest, which is sometimes rufous. Centre line of face brown; superciliary streaks bright rufous. Crest variable, either black, mixed black and rufous, or wholly rufous. Dorsal stripe becoming absolutely black on the back, sometimes sharply defined throughout, sometimes broadening out on the withers into an ill-defined band passing down the shoulders towards the fore legs. Under surface, inner sides of limbs, and back of hams rufous like the sides; a black or blackish longitudinal patch present in the sternal region. Fore limbs brown, from the shoulder downwards, hind limbs from just above the heel. Tail black above throughout, the black covering nearly the whole breadth of the tail, white beneath terminally.

Horns placed about in the same straight line as the nasal profile, those of male about 2·8 inches long, slender, tapering, not thickened or roughened basally, the basal diameter going nearly five times in the length.

Skull with a remarkably short conical muzzle, the distance from the anterior rim of the orbit to the muzzle less than the zygomatic breadth. Anteorbital fossæ of medium depth. Mesial notch of palate about ⅕ inch in advance of the lateral ones.

Dimensions:--♀ (not fully adult). Height at withers 15 inches, ear 1·8, hind foot 6·7.

Skull: basal length (c.) 5·5 inches, greatest breadth 3·2, orbit to muzzle 3.

_Hab._ West Africa, from Sierra Leone to the Gold Coast,
replaced in the Cameroons by _C. d. castaneus_.

Subspecies _b_. C. D. CASTANEUS.

Rather larger than _C. d. typicus_, and ears apparently rather longer. Colour deep chestnut all over, the dorsal line deep black, the metacarpals and metatarsals brown. Superciliary stripe chestnut, indistinct, far less bright than in _C. d. typicus_, and the general colour of the head darker and duller.

Skull with the muzzle of the ordinary slender elongate shape, the distance from the anterior edge of the orbit to the muzzle exceeding the zygomatic breadth. Teeth decidedly larger than in the typical form.

Dimensions of the type, an immature female:--Height at withers 19 inches, ear 2·4, hind foot 8.

Skull: basal length (c.) 6 inches, greatest breadth 3·3, orbit to muzzle 3·5.

This subspecies is based on a female specimen referred by Gray[13] to “_Cephalophus badius_”; its skull has been figured by him under that name. Thomas has, however, shown that the skull of this specimen differs so much from that of typical _C. dorsalis_ that, in spite of its external resemblance, it should be looked upon as representing a distinct subspecies; and this view we have accepted in the present work. Additional specimens will, however, be needed before its position can be satisfactorily determined. For the present, therefore, we publish all that is known about it, and trust that further specimens from different localities will clear up the precise relationship it bears to the true _C. dorsalis_, and also to its close ally _C. leucogaster_.

_Hab._ Cameroons.

The Bay Duiker, as this Antelope has long been called, is better known than the species which we have last spoken of and appears to have a wider distribution. At the same time it varies a good deal in the colour of its fur, both according to age and in the various localities in which it is found. Gray, who was an habitual species-maker, has, as was pointed out by Sclater in 1869, described it under three different names, based on age-changes and on slight variations in colour.

Commencing in 1846, Gray established his _Cephalophus dorsalis_ on a specimen in the British Museum, which had been brought to this country alive by Mr. Whitfield from Sierra Leone and had died in the Surrey Zoological Gardens. In 1850 he figured the same species in the ‘Knowsley Menagerie’ from a drawing made by Waterhouse Hawkins. This drawing was probably taken from living specimens in the Knowsley Collection, also procured by Whitfield, who was a collector employed by Lord Derby. In 1852 Dr. Gray seems to have come to the conclusion that the animal figured in the ‘Knowsley Menagerie’ was not the same as the true _Cephalophus dorsalis_ originally described from Mr. Whitfield’s specimen, and, accordingly, in his list of Ungulata Furcipeda in the British Museum, named the former _Cephalophus badius_, retaining the name _Cephalophus dorsalis_ for the latter. Dr. Gray, however, did not state exactly how the two species are to be distinguished, and he afterwards united them under one heading. The typical specimen of _C. breviceps_ was described when alive in the Zoological Gardens, and, as noticed by Gray himself, “assumed all the appearance, as it grew up, of _C. badius_”

As recorded by Temminck in his ‘Esquisses Zoologiques sur la Côte de Guinée,’ the well-known Dutch collector Pel met with this Antelope in Ashantee and Sierra Leone, where he states that it is found, although somewhat rarely, in the littoral forests, showing itself only at night. Two other collectors from Holland, Büttikofer and Stampfli, obtained specimens of this species on the Junk River in Liberia, which were likewise transmitted to the Leyden Museum.

Examples of this species in the British Museum were procured in Fantee by the native collector Aubinn; and we may therefore state confidently that the typical form of _C. dorsalis_ inhabits the whole coast-region of Western Africa from Liberia to the mouth of the Niger.

When, however, we pass southwards of the delta of the Niger and arrive at the higher ground of the Cameroons the typical _C. dorsalis_ seems to be replaced by a slightly different local form, which Thomas in 1892 characterized as a subspecies, _C. dorsalis castaneus_. This Antelope is rather larger than the typical form and the ears are apparently rather larger. The chestnut superciliary stripe is indistinct, far less bright than in the typical form, and the general colour of the head is darker and duller. The typical specimen of this subspecies, which is in the collection of the British Museum, is a female obtained by Crossley in the Cameroons. Besides the colour-differences just mentioned the form of the skull, which is figured in the ‘Hand-list of Ruminants’ as that of _C. badius_ (_op. cit._ pl. xxx. fig. 1), is likewise peculiar. But further specimens and more information are necessary before we can decide whether it will be advisable to give the Cameroons animal the full rank of a species.

We have already mentioned the existence of a living specimen of this Duiker in the Derby Menagerie. Living specimens of it have also been received on more than one occasion by the Zoological Society of London. In 1861 an example was purchased of a dealer in Liverpool and lived more than two years in the Society’s Gardens. A second specimen, quite immature on its arrival, was purchased in February 1866 and was shortly afterwards described by Gray as _Cephalophus breviceps_. This was a female, and, being placed in the same compartment of the Gazelle-sheds as a male of the allied species _C. rufilatus_, bred with it when adult. It produced a young one in January, 1869, and died soon afterwards. A third specimen of the same Antelope was brought home from the Gold Coast and presented to the Society by Mr. C. B. Mosse, Staff-Surgeon, R.N., in October, 1869. This specimen was figured in the Zoological Society’s ‘Proceedings’ for that year (_op. cit._ pi. xlvi.). Mr. Mosse presented another from the same district in 1874. Since that period six other specimens of this Antelope have been acquired at different dates.

_May, 1895._

27. OGILBY’S DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS OGILBYI, WATERH.

[PLATE XVIII. FIG. 2.]

_Antilope ogilbyi_, =Waterh.= P. Z. S. 1838, p. 60, 1842, p. 129
(Fernando Po); =id.= Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) ii. p. 472 (1839), xii.
p. 57 (1843); =Fraser=, Zool. Typ. pi. xix. (animal) (1849).

_Cephalophorus ogilbyi_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. x. p. 267
(1842); =id.= List Mamm. B. M. p. 163 (1843).

_Antilope (Tragelaphus) ogilbyi_, =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm.
p. 181 (1842).

_Antilope (Cephalophus) ogilbyi_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv.
p. 446 (1844), v. p. 423 (1855).

_Cephalophus ogilbyi_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii. p.
165 (1846); =id.= Knowsl. Men. p. 10, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1850);
=id.= P. Z. S. 1850, p. 122; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 83 (1852);
=Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 217 (1853); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones
Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862); =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 167
(1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 595; =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p.
26 (1872); =id.= Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 98 (1873); =Jent.= N. L.
M. x. p. 20 (1887) (Liberia); =Büttikofer=, Reisebild. Liberia,
ii. p. 377 (1890); =Matsch.= Arch. f. Nat. 1891, pt. i. p. 353
(Cameroons); =Jent.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, xi.)
p. 162 (1892); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 422; =Lyd.= Horns and
Hoofs, p. 211 (1893); =Matsch.= MT. deutsch. Schutz-geb. vi. p.
81 (1893).

_Sylvicapra ogilbyi_, =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l. 1844,
p. 191 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr.
ii. p. 143; Reprint, p. 67 (1848).

Size medium. General colour bright orange, becoming rather more rufous on the hindquarters. Nose brown, but otherwise the face is of the same colour as the body. Nape and sides of neck brown or blackish, but the hairs here so thin and short that the skin shows through and the general colour is but little affected. Hinder back with a marked black central dorsal streak, commencing vaguely at the withers, becoming narrower and more sharply defined posteriorly, and running on to the tail. Limbs dull yellowish, except on the phalanges, where they are brown or black.

Horns in the direct line of the nasal profile; those of male about four inches long, conical, slightly incurved, much broadened basally, their greatest basal diameter going 2½ or 3 times in their length. Female about an inch and a half in length, conical, smooth, broad at base, pointed terminally, their length not twice their basal diameter.

Skull with a very considerable convexity in the frontal region. Anteorbital fossæ shallow. Posterior palate with the three notches, median and two lateral, all at about the same level.

Dimensions:--♂. Height at withers 22 inches, ear 3, hind foot 9·4.

Skull (♂, not fully adult): basal length 7·2 inches, greatest breadth 3·5, muzzle to orbit 4·4.

_Hab._ Coast of West Africa, from Liberia to the Cameroons.

Ogilby’s Duiker, which we now proceed to consider, is closely allied to the last species, and like it is of a generally rufous colour with a black dorsal stripe, but it is immediately distinguishable by its pale yellowish face and flanks. It was first described by Waterhouse, as long ago as 1838, from specimens presented to the Zoological Society’s Museum by Mr. George Knapp, who had received them from the island of Fernando Po, and was named after William Ogilby, formerly Secretary to the Society and a great authority upon the Ruminant Mammals. When the Zoological Society’s Museum was broken up the typical specimen passed into the British Museum, where it now is. About ten years afterwards Ogilby’s Duiker was figured by Fraser in his ‘Zoologia Typica,’ probably from the typical specimen. Fraser, who had visited Fernando Po himself, states that this Antelope is extremely common in that island and is much esteemed by the natives as an article of food. In his conjecture that its range “is confined to that island,” he was no doubt in error, as we have several trustworthy notices of its occurrence elsewhere.

Specimens of the present species are recorded by Dr. Jentink as having been procured on the Du Queah and Farmington Rivers in Liberia by Büttikofer and Stampfli. These are in the Leyden Museum, as is also a female specimen from Ashantee. In his ‘Reisebilder aus Liberia’ Büttikofer tells us that the present species is common in the Liberian forests.

In the Cameroons the present species has been met with by the German collectors Preuss and Morgan, as recorded by Herr Matschie, and in Togoland, on the same authority, by Kling and Büttner. Thus there can be little doubt that Ogilby’s Duiker ranges along the woody littoral of Western Africa from Liberia to the Cameroons.

Ogilby’s Duiker having been figured by Waterhouse Hawkins in the ‘Knowsley Menagerie’ it is probable that one or more living specimens of it were exhibited in that splendid collection, but we can find no record of examples of it ever having been received alive by the Zoological Society of London.

Our figure of this species (Plate XVIII. fig. 2) was prepared by Mr. Smit, under Sir Victor Brooke’s directions, probably from specimens in the British Museum, but of this we have no certain evidence.

_May, 1895._

28. PETERS’S DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS CALLIPYGUS, PET.

_Cephalophus callipygus_, =Pet.= MB. Ak. Berl. 1876, p. 483,
pls. iii. & iv. (animal and skull); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p.
422; =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 211 (1893).

VERNACULAR NAME:--_Mbindi_ in Mpongwe language, Gaboon
(_Buchholz_).

Size about that of _C. dorsalis_. General colour of body yellowish brown, becoming more rufous posteriorly. Forehead and crest rich rufous. Chin and throat white, rest of under surface yellowish grey. Back with a broad black dorsal band commencing behind the withers, broadening posteriorly, and involving the whole of the hams and backs of the hind legs down to the heels, and also the tail, with the exception of the extreme tip beneath, where the hairs are white-tipped. On the sides of the thighs, edging the black, the general body-colour becomes rich rufous.

Horns short, directed backwards, lying below the level of the nasal profile.

Dimensions:--♀. “Total length to tip of tail 46 inches, tail 8, ear 2·7.”

Skull (taken from figure, and therefore only approximate): basal length 6·4 inches, anterior edge of orbit to muzzle (more or less decreased by perspective) 3·8.

The description is compiled from Dr. Peters’s description and figure of this striking species, of which no specimen has come to England.

_Hab._ Gaboon.

The present Duiker, although evidently belonging to the same group as the preceding species, and probably most nearly allied to _C. dorsalis_, is separated by prominent well-marked characters, combining a brownish body and dark dorsal stripe with bright rufous markings on the forehead and haunches, which render it easily distinguishable.

Peters’s Duiker was described in 1876 by the great zoologist after whom we have fashioned its English name, from a single specimen obtained by the late Professor Dr. Reinhold Buchholz during his sojourn in Western Africa, and transmitted to the Berlin Museum. In his notes upon this species Peters informs us that the specimen described, which is an adult female, was brought to Buchholz alive in Gaboon on the 18th August, 1874, and lived two days in captivity. Buchholz stated that the name of this Antelope in the Mpongwe dialect was “_Mbindi_” and noted that the iris was brown, the muffle blackish, and that the animal was provided with large purse-like inguinal glands, like other species of the genus.

Peters has given a good coloured figure of the specimen in the ‘Monatsbericht’ of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences, in which his memoir on Buchholz’s mammals is published, and likewise an excellent figure of its skull of the natural size.

We are not aware that any other museum has been fortunate enough to obtain specimens of this rare Antelope.

_May, 1895._

29. THE RED-FLANKED DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS RUFILATUS, GRAY.

[PLATE XIX. FIG. 1.]

_Le Grimm_, =F. Cuv.= H. N. Mamm. (fol.) ii. livr. xxvii. (♂)
(1821).

_Antilope grimmia_, =Desm.= N. Dict. d’H. N. (2) ii. p. 191
(1816) (_nec_ Pall.); =id.= Mamm. ii. p. 464 (1822); =Less.=
Man. Mamm. p. 379 (1827); =H. Sm.= Cuv. An. K. iv. p. 266, v.
p. 347 (1827); =Fisch.= Syn. Mamm. p. 468 (1829); =Less.= Hist.
Nat. Mamm. (Compl. Buff.) x. p. 294 (1836); =Gerv.= Dict. Sci.
Nat. Suppl. i. p. 262 (1840); =Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm.
p. 178 (1842); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Suppl. iv. p. 451 (1844);
=Schinz=, Syn. Mamm. ii. p. 418 (1845); =Gieb.= Säug. p. 321
(1859).

_Cephalophus grimmia_, =A. Sm.= S. Afr. Quart. J. ii. p. 216
(1834).

_Antilope (Grimmia) grimmia_, =Laurill.= Dict. Univ. d’H. N. i.
p. 623 (1839).

_Sylvicapra grimmia_, =Sund.= Pecora, K. Vet.-Ak. Hand-l. 1844,
p. 190 (1846); =id.= Hornschuch’s Transl., Arch. Skand. Beitr.
ii. p. 142; =id.= Reprint, p. 66 (1848).

_Cephalophus rufilatus_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1) xviii.
p. 166 (1846); =id.= List Ost. Sp. B. M. p. 56 (1847); =id.=
Knowsl. Men. p. 10, pls. vi. & ix. (animal) (1850); =id.= P. Z.
S. 1850, p. 123; =Turner=, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 170; =Gray=, Cat.
Ung. B. M. p. 85 (1852); =Temm.= Esq. Zool. Guin. pp. 194, 221
(1853); =Gerr.= Cat. Bones Mamm. B. M. p. 236 (1862); =Fitz.=
SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1, p. 166 (1869); =Gray=, P. Z. S. 1871, p.
597, fig. 5 (skull); =id.= Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 26 (1872); =id.=
Hand-l. Rum. B. M. p. 95 (1873); =Scl.= List An. Z. S. (8) p.
147 (1883); =Jent.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus. (Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p.
132 (1887); =id.= Cat. Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (_op. cit._ xi.) p. 162
(1892); =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 423; =Matsch.= MT. deutsch.
Schutz-geb. p. 81 (1893); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 211 (1893).

_Antilope (Cephalolophus) rufilatus_, =Wagn.= Schr. Säug. Supp.
v. p. 425 (1855).

_Cephalophus rufilatus cuvieri_, =Fitz.= SB. Wien, lix. pt. 1,
p. 166 (1869).

VERNACULAR NAME:--_Coquetoon_ on the Gambia (_Whitfield_).

Size small; form slender. General colour partly bright yellowish rufous, and partly a peculiar bluish grey; the former colour covering the sides of the face, the whole of the neck, the shoulders, flanks, rump, and belly, while the latter prevails on the middle line of the nose, on the forehead, occiput, back of ears, centre of back from withers to rump, and all four limbs, from the elbows and middles of lower legs downwards. Crest long, blackish. Tail rufous above basally, black terminally.

Horns placed in the same line as the nasal profile; those of male short, conical, pointed (but no adult wild specimen is available for description); those of female rudimentary, mere low rounded knobs, hardly projecting above the skin of the head.

Skull with a long and slender muzzle. Anteorbital fossæ remarkably deep, more so than in any other species. Mesial palatal notch about a quarter of an inch anterior to the lateral ones.

Dimensions:--♂. Height at withers 14 inches, ear 2·3, hind foot 7.

Skull (♀): basal length 5·2, greatest breadth 2·6, orbit to muzzle 2·9.

It is difficult to say to which of the other species this peculiar little animal is most nearly allied, especially in the absence of wild-killed male specimens with fully developed horns.

_Hab._ West Africa, from Gambia to the Niger.

The ninth and last species of the group of Bay Duikers, though agreeing with the preceding species in its generally rufous coat, is distinguishable by its smaller size and lighter colour. The front and dorsal stripe are of a peculiar bluish grey instead of being black, and the whole of the flanks and sides are of a light yellowish rufous.

The Red-flanked Duiker, as we propose to call it, appears to have been confounded by Desmarest, Lesson, Gervais, and other French systematists with the _Antilope grimmia_ of Pallas, which is _C. coronatus_--both they and the latter ignoring the fact that the name “_grimmia_” properly belongs to the Common Duiker, _C. grimmi_, of the Cape. This confusion was first properly cleared up by Dr. Gray, as early as 1846, but it is only quite recently that the correct names for the three species have come into general use. Desmarest, in his article on “_Antilope_” published in 1816 in the ‘Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle,’ was the first describer of the present animal under the name of _Antilope grimmia_; and in 1821 F. Cuvier, in his ‘Histoire Naturelle des Mammifères,’ gave a figure of it, from a specimen from Senegal, then living in the Jardin des Plantes, under the name of ‘Le Grimm.’

In 1846, in an article published in the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ the late Dr. Gray first distinguished the present species from the “Grimm,” and proposed to call it by the appropriate name _Cephalophus rufilatus_. Dr. Gray based his description upon a pair in the Derby Museum, and on a young female in the British Museum which had been presented to that collection by Lord Derby. This last specimen, which may now be seen mounted in the Mammal-Gallery of the National Collection, was obtained on the Gambia by Lord Derby’s collector, Whitfield. The two types in the Derby Museum are stated to have been obtained at Sierra Leone.

Skull of _Cephalophus rufilatus_, jr.

(P. Z. S. 1871, p. 597.)]

In the ‘Gleanings from the Knowsley Menagerie’ are contained two figures of this animal: plate vi. fig. 3 gives a full-sized figure of what is apparently a female of this species, and plate ix. represents the heads of both sexes. Both of these plates are marked as drawn by Waterhouse Hawkins from specimens living at Knowsley in 1843. Several specimens of the Coquetoon, as this Antelope is sometimes called, have also been received by the Zoological Society, but have not proved to be long-lived in this country. The first recorded specimen was obtained in 1861, and others were subsequently acquired in 1867, 1879, and 1880. These were all obtained from dealers and had no definite localities attached to them. But we are able to supply some indications of the range of this species from museum specimens. In the British Museum, besides Whitfield’s stuffed specimen from the Gambia already alluded to, there is the skull of an adult animal from the same locality obtained by Sir Gilbert Carter, and a young skull, which has probably been correctly referred to this species from the Niger, obtained by Surgeon Baikie. In the Leyden Museum, as we find by Dr. Jentink’s Catalogue, there is an adult female specimen procured at Dabocrom, in Ashantee, by the collector Pel, and an adult male from Sierra Leone received from the Bremen Museum. In reference to Pel’s specimen, Temminck has informed us that this species is rare on the Guinea coast, but more common in the forests of Sierra Leone. We also find this species recorded by Herr Matschie as one of the Antelopes met with by the collectors of the Berlin Museum in the German Protectorate of Togoland. We may therefore conclude that the Red-flanked Duiker inhabits the whole coast-land of Western Africa between the British Settlement of Gambia and the River Niger.

Our figure of this species (Plate XIX. fig. 1) was prepared under Sir Victor Brooke’s direction, very probably from one of the specimens in the Liverpool Museum.

_May, 1895._

THE BOOK OF ANTELOPES, PL. XX.

_Smit del. et lith._ _Hanhart imp._

The Banded Duiker.

CEPHALOPHUS DORIÆ.

_Published by R. H. Porter._]

30. THE BANDED DUIKER.

CEPHALOPHUS DORIÆ (OGILB.).

[PLATE XX.]

_Antilope_ (?), =Benn.= P. Z. S. 1832, p. 122.

_Antilope doria_, =Ogilb.= P. Z. S. 1836, p. 121; =Waterh.= Cat.
Mamm. Mus. Z. S. (2) p. 42 (1838); =Wagn.= Schr. Säug., Suppl.
iv. p. 444 (1844); =Fraser=, Zool. Typ. pl. xviii. (animal)
(1849).

_Antilope zebrata_[14],“=Robert=, Echo du Monde Savant, 1836”;
=Gerv.= Dict. Sci. Nat., Suppl. i. p. 267 (1840); =id.= Hist.
Nat. Mamm. ii. p. 202 (1855).

_Antilope zebra_, =Gray=, Ann. Mag. N. H. i. p. 27 (1838);
=Less.= N. Tabl. R. A., Mamm. p. 176 (1842).

_Cephalophorus zebra_, =Gray=, List Mamm. B. M. p. 163 (1843).

_Damalis (?) zebra_, =Gray=, Knowsl. Men. p. 22 (1850); =id.= P.
Z. S. 1850, p. 142; =id.= Cat. Ung. B. M. p. 129 (1852); =id.=
Cat. Rum. B. M. p. 45 (1872).

_Cephalophus doria_, =Jent.= N. L. M. vii. p. 270, pl. ix.
(skull, ♀) (1885) (Liberia); =id.= op. cit. x. p. 21, pls. ii.
(animal), iii. (skull, ♂) (1887); =id.= Cat. Ost. Leyd. Mus.
(Mus. Pays-Bas, ix.) p. 133 (1887); =Büttikofer=, Reisebild.
Liberia, ii. p. 377, pl. xxix. (animal) (1890); =Jent.= Cat.
Mamm. Leyd. Mus. (op. cit. xi.) p. 164 (1892).

_Cephalophus doriæ_, =Thos.= P. Z. S. 1892, p. 424; =Ward=, Horn
Meas. p. 77 (1892); =Lyd.= Horns and Hoofs, p. 211 (1893).

VERNACULAR NAME:--_Mountain-deer_ of Liberians (_Büttikofer_).