Chapter XXIX: Section 6: of the Tariff Act, providing for a duty of 20 per cent. on (10)

Sprat, “History of the Royal Society,” London, 1667, p. 169.

Footnote 112:

Philosophical Transactions for 1669, No. 43, p. 863.

Footnote 113:

Diemerbroeck, “Anatome Corporis Humani,” Ultrajecti, 1672.

Footnote 114:

Sixth American Edition, New York, 1835, Vol. I, p. 239.

Footnote 115:

Reinaud, “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 126. Lee, “Ibn Batuta,”
London, 1829, p. 65.

Footnote 116:

A Christian physician who lived in the time of the Khalif Wathek
Billa, about 842 A.D.

Footnote 117:

“Specimen Arabicum,” Traiecti ad Rhenum, 1784, p. 64.

Footnote 118:

_Ibid._, p. 65.

Footnote 119:

Writers describing the early pearl fisheries on the American coast,
and especially at Cubagua on the present coast of Venezuela, also
reported very lengthy stays. In 1526, Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y
Valdés wrote: “The thing that causeth men most to marvel is to
consider how many of them can remain at the bottom for the space of
one whole hour, and some more or less, according to expertness.”
(“Natural Historia de las Indias,” Toledo, 1526.) About 1588, the
Jesuit priest José de Acosta wrote: “I did see them make their
fishing, the which is done with great charge and labor of the poor
slaves, which dive 6, 7, yea 12 fathoms into the sea...; but yet the
labor and toil is greatest in holding their breath, sometimes a
quarter, yea, half an hour together under water.” (Acosta, “Natural
and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, 1880, p. 227.)

Footnote 120:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, Vol. II, pp. 114, 115.

Footnote 121:

London, 1812, p. 55.

Footnote 122:

See _infra._, p. 125.

Footnote 123:

“The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, pp. 267, 268.

Footnote 124:

Jordanus, “Mirabilia Descripta,” Hakluyt Society, 1863, p. 28.

Footnote 125:

“The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies,”
Hakluyt Society, 1884, Vol. II, pp. 133–135.

Footnote 126:

“Hakluyt’s Voyages,” Vol. V, Glasgow, 1904, pp. 395–397. Benjamin
Franklin states that the Mediterranean divers, finding the light below
obscured by the surface waves, used to let a little oil out of their
mouths at intervals, which, rising to the surface, smoothed the
waters. This might be a suggestion to modern marine and fresh-water
pearl fishers.

Footnote 127:

“The Travels of Pedro Teixeira,” Hakluyt Society, 1902, pp. 174–181.

Footnote 128:

“Asiatic Researches,” London, 1798, pp. 393, _et seq._

Footnote 129:

“The Island of Ceylon,” 1803, ch. 3.

Footnote 130:

“Description of Ceylon,” 1807, Vol. II, pp. 36–78.

Footnote 131:

In 1881, the number of days was the same—47, the season extending from
March 4 to April 27. In 1891 there were 40 working days, in 1904 there
were 33, in 1903 there were 36, and in 1906 there were 36 days of
actual fishing.

Footnote 132:

See Reinaud’s “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 125.

Footnote 133:

“Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” 5 vols., London,
1903–1906.

Footnote 134:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Vol. II, ch. 21.

Footnote 135:

See pp. 110, 111.

Footnote 136:

The report of the Chief of Police at the 1905 fishery states: “In the
camp there were 40,000 to 50,000 persons, of whom it may be said that
not less than a tenth were gamblers, vagrants, and rogues, who,
without occupation in their own country, made their way to
Marichchukkadi with the hope of making money to gamble in oysters.”
(“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 17.)

Footnote 137:

In 1906 there were 473 boats employed; in 1905, 318; in 1857, 1858,
1859, and 1863, over 400 boats reported for employment.

Footnote 138:

Some years ago, notably in the early sixties, each and every boat was
required to have ten divers, thus making a total of 23 persons in each
boat. (See Vane’s “Report on Ceylon Pearl Fisheries,” 1863.)

Footnote 139:

_Supra._, p. 100.

Footnote 140:

Hornell, “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” Colombo, p. 31.

Footnote 141:

“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” p. 7.

Footnote 142:

“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1905,” p. 23.

Footnote 143:

_Ibid._, p. 22.

Footnote 144:

“The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 267.

Footnote 145:

Cordiner, “Description of Ceylon,” Vol. II, p. 52.

Footnote 146:

“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” p. 17.

Footnote 147:

_Ibid._, p. 17.

Footnote 148:

_Ibid._, p. 34.

Footnote 149:

“Royal Asiatic Society Proceedings,” 1887–1888, p. 100.

Footnote 150:

“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1905,” p. 40.

Footnote 151:

_Ibid._, p. 24.

Footnote 152:

“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” Colombo, p. 6.

Footnote 153:

“Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1904, Colombo, p. 653.

Footnote 154:

“Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1906, Colombo, p. 330.

Footnote 155:

“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 25.

Footnote 156:

Ordinance No. 8 of 1906.

Footnote 157:

“Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 328.

Footnote 158:

_Ibid._, pp. 333, 335.

Footnote 159:

“Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 650.

Footnote 160:

The Government Commission has interdicted the fishing for this year
(1908), as experts have reported the pearl-oysters were not plentiful
enough and were also immature, being only five years old. The next
fishery will be in 1909.

Footnote 161:

Kelaart, “Report on the Tablegram Pearl-Oysters,” Trincomali, 1857, 6
pp.

Footnote 162:

Hornell, “Report on the _Placuna placenta_ Pearl Fishery of Lake
Tampalakamam,” Colombo, 1906.

Footnote 163:

Jardine, “Report Relating to the Mergui Pearl Fisheries,” Rangoon,
1894, p. 6.

Footnote 164:

Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Westminster, 1901, Vol.
I, p. 362.

Footnote 165:

Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Vol. I, p. 363.

Footnote 166:

See Proverbs xxxi, 1.

Footnote 167:

Hesse, “Der Zoologische Garten,” Dec. 1, 1898.

Footnote 168:

Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. II, p. 238.

Footnote 169:

_Ibid._, Vol. I, pp. 268, 269.

Footnote 170:

“Bolletino della Società d’esplorazione commerciale in Africa,” Milan,
June, 1898.

Footnote 171:

Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 6.

Footnote 172:

See p. 288 for an account of the methods.

Footnote 173:

Statist. “Beschreibung des chines. Reiches,” 1842, Vol. II, p. 11.

Footnote 174:

Ranft, “Vollständige Beschreibung des russischen Reiches,” Leipzig,
1767, p. 415.

Footnote 175:

Witsen, “Nord en Oost Tartarye,” 1705. p. 762.

Footnote 176:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, London, 1889, Vol. II,
pp. 113, 114.

Footnote 177:

One candareen equals 5.72 grains.

Footnote 178:

One koban equals 66 cents.

Footnote 179:

$4200.

Footnote 180:

Kaempfer, “History of Japan,” 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110, 111.

Footnote 181:

_Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 139.

Footnote 182:

Joao dos Santos, “Ethopia Oriental,” Lisbon, 1609, Vol. i, c. 27.

Footnote 183:

Lisbon Geographical Society Report, January, 1903.

Footnote 184:

“Britanniam petiisse spe margaritarum, quarum amplitudinem
conferentem, interdum sua manu exegisse pondus.” “Divus Julius
Caesar,” c. 47.

Footnote 185:

“Naturall Historie,” Holland edition, London, 1601, _Lib._ IX, c. 35.

Footnote 186:

“Vita Agricolæ,” c. 12.

Footnote 187:

Giles’s edition, London, 1840, p. 6.

Footnote 188:

Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland.” New York. 1903. Vol. II,
p. 227.

Footnote 189:

Nicolai, “Anglia Sacra,” Vol. II, p. 236. Also “Alberti Magni Opera
Omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris. 1890, Vol. V., p. 41.

Footnote 190:

“Histoire de l’Orfèvrerie-Joaillerie.” Paris, 1850, p. 46. De Laborde,
“Emaux,” Paris, 1852, Vol. II, p. 437.

Footnote 191:

Camden. “Britannia.” 2nd edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 802.

Footnote 192:

Macpherson, “Annals of Commerce,” Vol. II, p. 131.

Footnote 193:

Sibbald, “Hist. Nat. Scotiae,” 1684, Vol. III, p. 27.

Footnote 194:

Camden, “Britannia,” London, 1695, p. 924.

Footnote 195:

London, 1777, Vol. II., p. 24.

Footnote 196:

“History of Cumberland,” London, 1794, Vol. I, p. 573.

Footnote 197:

Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland,” New York, 1903, Vol. II,
p. 227.

Footnote 198:

“Transactions of the Royal Society of London, for 1693,” Vol. XVIII,
No. 198, pp. 659–663.

Footnote 199:

Pennant, “Tour in Scotland,” Chester, 1771.

Footnote 200:

London “Times,” December 24, 1863.

Footnote 201:

Hugh Miller, “My Schools and Schoolmasters,” 1852, p. 201.

Footnote 202:

Puton, “Mollusques terrestres et fluviales des Vosges: Le Département
des Vosges, statistique, historique, et administrative, par Henri
Lepaye et Ch. Charton,” Nancy, 1845, 8vo, 2 vols., Vol. I.

Footnote 203:

Godron, “Les perles de la Vologne, et le Château-sur-Perle.” “Mémoires
de l’Académie de Stanislas, 1869,” Nancy, 1870, pp. 10–30.

Footnote 204:

Volcyr, “Cronicque abrégée par petits vers huytains des Empereurs,
Roys, et Ducz d’Austraisie,” etc., Paris, 1530.

Footnote 205:

Reues, “De Gemmis aliquot,” etc., Tiguri, 1566, p. 47.

Footnote 206:

Claude de la Ruelle, “Les pourtraicts des ceremonies, ... et pompe
funèbres faitez au corps de feu Charles III, Duc de Lorraine,” etc.
Nancy, 1609.

Footnote 207:

Lister, “Journey to Paris in the year 1698,” London, p. 143.

Footnote 208:

Durival, “Description de la Lorraine et du Barrois,” Nancy, 1779, Vol.
I, p. 280.

Footnote 209:

Bonnemere, “Les perles fines de l’Ouest de la France,” “Revue des
sciences naturelles de l’Ouest,” 1899, Vol. III, p. 97–99.

Footnote 210:

“La Nature,” 1899, pp. 347, 348.

Footnote 211:

Von Hessling, “Ueber die Erzeugung künstlicher Perlen,” “Gelehrte
Anzeigen der Münchener Akademie,” 1856, Vol. II, p. 159.

Footnote 212:

Weinmann, “Bresslauer Naturgeschichten,” 1725.

Footnote 213:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” 1889, Vol. II, p. 113.

Footnote 214:

Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 179.

Footnote 215:

“Beiträge zur Naturkunde des Herzogthums Celle,” Halle, 1766, Pt. I,
p. 70.

Footnote 216:

Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 180.

Footnote 217:

Möbius, “Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858., p. 47.

Footnote 218:

Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 165; Von Hessling, “Die
Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.

Footnote 219:

Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.

Footnote 220:

“Die echten Perlen,” p. 48.

Footnote 221:

Gesner, “De aquatilibus,” Tiguri, 1560.

Footnote 222:

Bohuslai Balbini, “Miscellanea historica regni Bohemiæ,” Prague, 1679,
Vol. I, p. 73.

Footnote 223:

“Allg. Zeitung,” Nov. 1, 1858, No. 305.

Footnote 224:

Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 178.

Footnote 225:

Holberg, “Danmarks Riges Historie,” Reicharot edition, 1743, Vol. II,
p. 632.

Footnote 226:

Thaaruys, “Versuch einer Statistik der dänischen Monarchie,”
Copenhagen, 1795, Pt. I, p. 416.

Footnote 227:

Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 175; and Von Hessling, “Die
Perlenmuscheln,” p. 189.

Footnote 228:

Pontoppidan, “Versuch einer natürlichen Historie von Norwegen,”
Copenhagen, 1754, Vol. II, p. 309.

Footnote 229:

Olaus Magnus, “Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus,” Antwerp, 1562,
c. 6, p. 192.

Footnote 230:

Linnæus, “Lach. Lapponica,” Vol. II, pp. 104–107.

Footnote 231:

See “Abhandlungen der Schwedischen Akademie,” 1742, Vol. IV, p. 240;
1759, Vol. XXI, p. 136, and 1762, Vol. XXIV, p. 64.

Footnote 232:

“Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 194.

Footnote 233:

Kawall, “La pêche des perles en Livonie,” “Annales de la Société
Malacologique de Belgique,” 1872, Vol. VII, pp. 38–46.

Footnote 234:

Dionysius Fabricius, “Scriptor rerum Livonicarum,” 1612, Vol. II, p.
440.

Footnote 235:

G. F. Mylius, “Memorabilium Saxoniae subterraneae,” Leipzig,
1709–1718, Vol. II, p. 20.

Footnote 236:

Charles Zeze, “Considerations sur les lièvres blancs en Livonie,”
1749, p. 52.

Footnote 237:

A. H. Hupel, “Nouvelles topographiques de Livonie et d’Esthionie,”
1774, Vol. I, p. 134.

Footnote 238:

“Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 196.

Footnote 239:

Baer and Helmersen, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss des russischen Reiches,”
St. Petersburg, 1845, Vol. XI, pp. 143, 144.

Footnote 240:

Kohl, “Reisen in Südrussland,” 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1846, Vol. I, p.
15.

Footnote 241:

“Voyage aux Iles du Grand Océan,” Paris, 1838; also “Le
Correspondant,” March 10, 1906.

Footnote 242:

“La Peche et la Culture des Huitres Perlières à Tahiti; Pêcheries de
l’Archipel Tuamotu,” Paris, 1885.

Footnote 243:

Seurat, “L’huitre perlière,” Paris, 1900, p. 133.

Footnote 244:

Lucatt, “Rovings in the Pacific from 1837 to 1849,” London, 1851, Vol.
I, p. 245.

Footnote 245:

“Bulletin United States Fish Commission,” Vol. V, p. 293.

Footnote 246:

Alexander, “Report United States Fish Commission,” Vol. XXVII, p. 764.

Footnote 247:

“Tahiti et les Colonies Françaises de la Polynésie,” Paris, 1887, p.
173.

Footnote 248:

“Report on Pearl Fisheries of North Queensland,” Brisbane, 1890.

Footnote 249:

Garran, “Australasia Illustrated,” Sydney, 1892, Vol. II, p. 886.

Footnote 250:

Gill, “Life in the Southern Isles,” London, 1876, p. 294.

Footnote 251:

“Australind,” London, 1900, pp. 233–239.

Footnote 252:

45 Victoriæ, No. 2.

Footnote 253:

50 Victoriæ, No. 2.

Footnote 254:

55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

Footnote 255:

50 Victoriæ, No. 7.

Footnote 256:

55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

Footnote 257:

“Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer Fisheries,”
Brisbane, 1897.

Footnote 258:

“Report on the Fishing Industry for the Year 1905,” Perth, 1906, pp.
4–7.

Footnote 259:

During the month of June, 1908, a severe storm destroyed a pearling
fleet, with a loss of 40 vessels and 270 lives.

Footnote 260:

“Report of Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer
Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897.

Footnote 261:

55 Victoriæ, No. 29.

Footnote 262:

To this should be added the output of Sharks Bay, amounting to £2000
in 1906, making a total of $450,000.

Footnote 263:

See pp. 70 and 200.

Footnote 264:

Comyn, “State of the Philippine Islands,” London, 1820, pp. 38, 39.

Footnote 265:

“Storia Naturale delle Gemme,” Naples, 1730. Vol. I, p. 461.

Footnote 266:

Crawfurd, “History of the Indian Archipelago,” Edinburgh, 1820, Vol.
III, p. 445.

Footnote 267:

Act No. 51, June 7, 1904.

Footnote 268:

A letter from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, dated November 20, 1906,
states: “It is proposed by the officials of the Moro province to amend
the regulations so that, under certain restrictions, vessels of
foreign build may engage in pearl fisheries.”

Footnote 269:

Act No. 43, amended June 7, 1904.

Footnote 270:

“Historia general de las Indias,” by Francisco Lopez de Gomara, 12mo,
1554, pp. 104–106 b.

Footnote 271:

Herrera, “Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las
islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano,” Dec. iii, Book VII, ch. 3.

Footnote 272:

Herrera, “Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales,” Dec. iv, Book VI,
ch. 12.

Footnote 273:

Humboldt’s “Personal Narrative,” Vol. II, p. 273.

Footnote 274:

Translated from “Historia del Mondo Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578.

Footnote 275:

Translation of Chauveton’s Notes to Benzoni’s “Historia del Mondo
Nuovo,” Geneva, 1578, fol. 170.

Footnote 276:

_Ibid._, fol. 168.

Footnote 277:

“Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, London,
1880, p. 228.

Footnote 278:

Humboldt, “Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of
the New Continent, 1799–1804.”

Footnote 279:

Findlay, “Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,” London,
1851, Vol. I, p. 217.

Footnote 280:

Rosales, “Gran Recopilación de Venezuela,” Caracas, 1889.

Footnote 281:

Gomara, “Historia general de las Indias,” 1554, pp. 268, 269 b.

Footnote 282:

111½ ounces of gold; present value about $2300.

Footnote 283:

Gemelli-Careri, “Giro del Mondo,” Venezia, 1719, p. 240.

Footnote 284:

Ulloa, “Relación historica del viage á la América meridional,” Madrid,
1748.

Footnote 285:

“Ulloa’s Voyage to South America,” translated by J. Adams, London,
1758.

Footnote 286:

Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, 1904, Vol. IX, pp. 318, 319.

Footnote 287:

Clavigero, “Storia della California,” Venezia, 1789, Vol. I, p. 161.

Footnote 288:

Venegas, “Noticia de las Californias,” Madrid, 1757, p. 454.

Footnote 289:

Clavigero, “Historia de la Baja antigua California.” Esteva, “Boletin
de la Sociedad Mexicana de Geographia y Estadistica,” Vol. X, pp.
673–697.

Footnote 290:

Pedro Alvarado, “Historia California,” Vol. I, p. 10.

Footnote 291:

Baegert, “Nachrichten von der Amerikanischen Halbinsel Californien,”
Mannheim, 1772.

Footnote 292:

Arch. Cal. Prov. St. Pap. xvi. Ben. Mil. xvi, xvii, xviii.

Footnote 293:

Hardy, “Travels in Mexico,” London, 1829, pp. 231–238.

Footnote 294:

Diguet, “Bulletin de la Société Centrale d’Aquiculture,” Paris, 1895,
Vol. VII, pp. 1–18.

Footnote 295:

Esteva, “Memoria sobre la Pesca de la Perla,” “Boletin de la Sociedad
Mexicana de Geographía,” Vol. X, pp. 681–688.

Footnote 296:

Lassepas, “Historia de la Baja California,” Mexico, 1859, p. 65.

Footnote 297:

Pujol, “Estudio Biológico sobre la ostra Avicula margaritiferus,”
“Boletin de la Sociedad de Geographía,” Epoc. 2, Vol. III, p. 139 _et
seq._

Footnote 298:

Diguet, “Bulletin de la Société Centrale d’Aquiculture,” 1895, Vol.
VII.

Footnote 299:

Lassepas, “Historia de la Colonizaciónde la Baja California,” Mexico,
1859.

Footnote 300:

“Recueil des pièces sur la Floride,” Paris, 1841.

Footnote 301:

“Relaçam verdadeira dos Trabalhos q ho gouernador dō Fernādo de Souto
e certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimēto da provincia da
Frolida. Agora nouamente feita per hū fidalgo Deluas.”

Footnote 302:

“La Florida del Ynca,” Lisbon, 1605.

Footnote 303:

One arroba = twenty-five pounds’ weight.

Footnote 304:

“Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 181.

Footnote 305:

_Ibid._, p. 50.

Footnote 306:

“Discovery of Florida,” Hakluyt Society, 1851, Vol. IX, p. 60.

Footnote 307:

Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512
to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 364.

Footnote 308:

Bernard Shipp, “The History of Hernando de Soto and Florida from 1512
to 1568,” Philadelphia, 1881, 8vo, p. 369.

Footnote 309:

_Ibid._, p. 372.

Footnote 310:

“Relation of Alvar Nunez Cabeça de Vaca,” translated by Buckingham
Smith, New York, 1871.

Footnote 311:

Bernard Shipp, “History of Hernando de Soto and Florida,”
Philadelphia, 1881, p. 586.

Footnote 312:

Hakluyt, “The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the
English Nation,” London, 1589.

Footnote 313:

“Purchas’s Pilgrims,” London, 1625, Vol. IV, p. 179.

Footnote 314:

Hakluyt’s “Voyages,” Glasgow, Vol. VIII, p. 357.

Footnote 315:

P. F. X. de Charlevoix, “History of New France,” New York, 1900, p.
129.

Footnote 316:

“Voyage of Father Gravier in 1700 From the Country of Illinois to the
Mouth of the Mississippi,” Cleveland, 1900, p. 141.

Footnote 317:

Coxe, “A Description of the English Province of Carolana, by the
Spaniards call’d Florida, and by the French La Louisiane, as also of
the Great and Famous River Meschacebe or Missisipi,” London, 1722, pp.
82, 83.

Footnote 318:

“Allgemeine Handelszeitung,” Leipzig, April, 1789, p. 218.

Footnote 319:

“Frank Leslie’s Magazine,” New York, May 23, 1857, Vol. III, pp.
384–386.

Footnote 320:

“Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” by George F. Kunz, New
York, 1889–1892, pp. 211–257. “The Fresh-Water Pearls of the United
States,” Washington, 1898, 50 pages and plates.

Footnote 321:

“Neue Zeit,” in Ausland, 1858, No. 8, p. 192.

Footnote 322:

See p. 258.

Footnote 323:

Illinois State has passed a bill to regulate pearl fishing. See
Addendum on p. 513.

Footnote 324:

Philostratus, “Vita Apollonii,” _Lib._ III, c. 57, edit. Olearii, p.
139. Also see Konrad von Gessner, “Historiæ natura,” _Lib._ IV, p.
634.

Footnote 325:

Vol. XXII, pp. 425–437.

Footnote 326:

Pulteney, “General View of the Writings of Linnæus,” London, 1805.

Footnote 327:

“Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905. p. 26.

Footnote 328:

Pearl: an excrescence on the inside of a shell when the outside has
been perforated.

Footnote 329:

Beckmann, “History of Inventions,” London, 1846, Vol. I, p. 263.

Footnote 330:

London, 1821, p. 48.

Footnote 331:

“Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 29.

Footnote 332:

See Grill, “Abhandlungen der königlichen Schwedischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften auf das Jahr 1772,” Leipzig, Vol. XXXIV, pp. 88–90.

Footnote 333:

“Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, pp. 72–75.

Footnote 334:

“Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,” October, 1905, p. 28.

Footnote 335:

“La Pèche et la Culture des Huitres Perlières à Tahiti,” Paris, 1885.

Footnote 336:

“Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,” Vol. CXXVII, pp. 828–830.

Footnote 337:

See p. 73.

Footnote 338:

Kæmpfer, “History of Japan,” London, 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110–112.

Footnote 339:

“Notes and Queries,” 3rd Series, Vol. II, p. 228.

Footnote 340:

“Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,”
Singapore, 1878, Vol. I., pp. 31–37.

Footnote 341:

“Jewelers’ Review,” May 10, 1892.

Footnote 342:

Bloomfield, “Hymns of the Atharvaveda,” Oxford, 1897, p. 62.

Footnote 343:

Macgowan, “Journal of the Society of Arts,” Vol. II, p. 73.

Footnote 344:

Pfirzmaier, “Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften,” Wien, 1868,
Vol. LVII, p. 623.

Footnote 345:

Translated from Klenn, “Culturgeschichte,” Leipzig, 1852, Vol. X, p.
318.

Footnote 346:

Tennyson, “Idylls of the King.”

Footnote 347:

“Opera omnia,” Paris, 1864, Vol. V, p. 473.

Footnote 348:

W. & G. Audsley, “Handbook of Christian Symbolism,” London, 1865, p.
140.

Footnote 349:

“Lucile,” Pt. II, c. 6, st. 16.

Footnote 350:

“Le Mercure Indien, ou le Trésor des Indes,” Paris, 1672, p. 160.

Footnote 351:

Many Greek scholars maintain that this is a knotted cord or fillet;
but this view is contested by others.

Footnote 352:

Edited by Jibananda Vidyasagara, Calcutta, 1877.

Footnote 353:

Edited by Vidyasagara, 1873.

Footnote 354:

Garbe, “Die Indischen Mineralien.” Narahari’s “Raganighantu,” Varga
XIII, Leipzig, 1882, p. 74.

Footnote 355:

Ainslie, “Materia Indica,” London, 1826, Vol. I, p. 292.

Footnote 356:

“Maṉi-málá,” Calcutta, 1881, p. 871.

Footnote 357:

“Maṉi-málá,” Calcutta, 1879, p. 315.

Footnote 358:

Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 15.

Footnote 359:

“Materia medica of India and their Therapeutics,” Bombay, 1903, p. 98.

Footnote 360:

“Alberti Magni Opera omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris, 1890, Vol. V,
p. 41.

Footnote 361:

“Lapidario del Rey D. Alfonso X,” Codice original, Madrid, 1881, p. 4.

Footnote 362:

De Boot, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanover, 1609, _Lib._ II, c.
38, p. 87.

Footnote 363:

Margaritologia, Monachii, 1637.

Footnote 364:

Lovell, “Panmineralogicon,” Oxford, 1661, pp. 77, 78.

Footnote 365:

Jones, “Credulities Past and Present,” London, 1880, p. 166.

Footnote 366:

“Speculum lapidum,” Venice, 1502, p. 37.

Footnote 367:

Yriarte, “Florence,” Paris, 1881, p. 39.

Footnote 368:

Bacon, “Historia Vitæ et Mortis,” Londini, 1623, p. 100.

Footnote 369:

Grew, Nehemiah, “Musæum Regalis Societatis,” London, 1681, p. 145.

Footnote 370:

“A Queen’s Delight,” London, 1671, pp. 75, 76.

Footnote 371:

“Hamlet,” Act V, sc. 2.

Footnote 372:

W. J. Lawson, “History of Banking,” London, 1850, pp. 24, 25.

Footnote 373:

“The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus,” _Lib._ IX, c. 35. This
anecdote is mentioned also by Macrobius (_Circa_ 400 A.D.) in
“Saturnaliorum conviviorum libri septem,” _Lib._ II, c. 13.

Footnote 374:

See p. 55.

Footnote 375:

“The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus,” _Lib._ IX, c. 35.

Footnote 376:

See the epitaph of Tutichylus “qui fuit margaritarius,” Orelli, 4076.

Footnote 377:

Lowis d’A. Jackson, “Modern Metrology,” London, 1881, p. 370.

Footnote 378:

Grimm, “Deutsches Wörterbuch,” Leipzig, 1873, Vol. V, p. 205.

Footnote 379:

Guillaume, “Les récents progrès du système métrique,” Paris, 1907, pp.
62–66, “La réforme du carat.”

Footnote 380:

William Hallock and Herbert T. Wade. “Outlines of the Evolution of
Weights and Measures and the Metric System,” New York, 1906, p. 25.

Footnote 381:

“A New English Dictionary,” Oxford and New York, 1893, Vol. II, Pt. I,
p. 105.

Footnote 382:

Buteonis, “Opera Geometrica,” Lugduni, 1554, pp. 88–96.

Footnote 383:

See “Edelsteinkunde,” Wilhelm Rau, Leipzig, 1907, p. 137.

Footnote 384:

“Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896.

Footnote 385:

The guñja was one fifth of a mâsaka and equaled about 2¼ grains.

Footnote 386:

Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 22.

Footnote 387:

“Fior di Pensieri sulle Pietre Preziose di Ahmed al Teifascite,” text
and translation by Antonio Raineri, Florence, 1818, pp. 8, 9.

Footnote 388:

Charles Barbot, “Traite Complète des Pierres Précieuses,” Paris, 1858,
p. 467.

Footnote 389:

Emanuel, “Diamonds and Precious Stones,” 2nd edition, London, 1867, p.
6.

Footnote 390:

Anselmi de Boot, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanoviae, 1609, pp.
88–90.

Footnote 391:

De Rosnel, “Le Mercure Indien,” Paris, 1672, Pt. III, pp. 17, 18.

Footnote 392:

Rice Vaughan, “A Discourse of Coin and Coinage,” London, 1675, p. 241.

Footnote 393:

David Jeffries, “A Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls,” London, 1751, pp.
128–141.

Footnote 394:

“Encyclopédie de Diderot et d’Alembert,” Neuchâtel and Paris, 1774,
Vol. XII, p. 385.

Footnote 395:

Pio Naldi, “Delle Gemme e delle Regole per Valutarle,” Bologna, 1791,
p. 207.

Footnote 396:

Emanuel, “Diamonds and Precious Stones,” London, 1867, p. 197.

Footnote 397:

“L’Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire Raisonné des Sciences,” Neuchâtel and
Paris, 1774, Vol. XII, p. 385.

Footnote 398:

“Delle Gemme,” etc., 1791.

Footnote 399:

See “Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries
of the Gulf of Manaar,” by W. A. Herdman, F.R.S., Pt. V, London, 1906,
pp. 34–36.

Footnote 400:

See pp. 124–127.

Footnote 401:

See “Modern Metrology,” Lowis d’A. Jackson, London, 1882, p. 369.

Footnote 402:

From “Navaratnapariska,” in Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” p. 158.

Footnote 403:

Guillielmi Budaei, “De Asse,” Venice, 1522, _Lib._ V, pp. 67, 68.

Footnote 404:

Caire and Dufie, “La Science des Pierres Précieuses appliquée aux
Arts,” Paris, 1833.

Footnote 405:

Charles Barbot, “Traité Complète des Pierres Précieuses,” Paris, 1858,
pp. 464, 465.

Footnote 406:

“The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian.” Trans. and ed. by Col.
Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 275.

Footnote 407:

General Appraisers 5146 (Treasury Department 23748).

Footnote 408:

December 6, 1901; 112 Fed. Rep. 672.

Footnote 409:

Suit No. 3328.

Footnote 410:

Dec. 29, 1903.

Footnote 411:

Suit No. 4974.

Footnote 412:

General Appraisers 4166.

Footnote 413:

General Appraisers 5148.

Footnote 414:

Suits Nos. 2781 and 3324.

Footnote 415:

John and Andrew van Rymsdyk, “Museum Brittanicum,” London, 1778, p. 8,
note.

Footnote 416:

Finot, “Les Lapidaires Indiens,” Paris, 1896, p. 24.

Footnote 417:

“An Essay upon Various Arts, in Three Books by Theophilus, called also
Rugerus, Priest and Monk, Forming an Encyclopedia of Christian Art of
the Eleventh Century.” Translated, with notes, by Robert Hendrie.
London, 1847.

Footnote 418:

“Indian Art,” by Sir George C. M. Birdwood (South Kensington Museum
Art Books), Pt. II, pp. 188, 248.

Footnote 419:

Anselmi de Boodt, “Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanover, 1609.
_Lib._ II, c. 40, “Quomodo margaritae perforuntur,” p. 91.

Footnote 420:

See portrait facing page 442.

Footnote 421:

Charles Barbot, “Traité Complète des Pierres Précieuses,” Paris, 1858,
pp. 464, 465.

Footnote 422:

“Délégation en Perse,” Paris, 1905, Vol. VIII, p. 52.

Footnote 423:

De Morgan, “Délégation en Perse,” Paris, 1905, Vol. VIII, p. 52.

Footnote 424:

Imhoof-Blumer, “Porträtköpfe auf antiken Münzen,” pl. 7, figs. 12 sqq.

Footnote 425:

See “Délégation en Perse,” Vol. VIII. “Recherches Archéologiques.”
Paris, 1905, third series, pp. 51–2, pl. 5.

Footnote 426:

Equivalent to about 1,250,000 ounces of silver; Hardouin says
7,600,000 francs.

Footnote 427:

“Naturall Historie,” London, 1601, _Lib._ IX, c. 35.

Footnote 428:

MS. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 2089, XLVII, No. 12.

Footnote 429:

“Dictionnaire des Antiquites Grecques et Romaines,” ed. by Deremberg
and Saglio: Art. “Inaures” by Pottier, Paris, 1899, Vol. III, pp.
440–447.

Footnote 430:

Babelon, “Cab. des Antiq.,” pl. 33, fig. 3.

Footnote 431:

Duruy, “Hist. des Romains,” Vol. I, p. 511.

Footnote 432:

Custodian of the coin collection of the Philadelphia Mint.

Footnote 433:

Imperial Museum of Archæology, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Footnote 434:

“Della Storia Naturale delle Gemme delle Pietre e di tutti i
Minerali,” Giacinto Gimma, Naples, 1730.

Footnote 435:

Tabari, “Chronique,” translated by Zotenberg, Paris, 1869, Vol. II, p.
304.

Footnote 436:

_Ibid._, Vol. III, p. 417.

Footnote 437:

Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 136.

Footnote 438:

“The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian,” trans. and ed. by Col.
Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. I, p. 343.

Footnote 439:

De Mély, “Les Lapidaires Chinois,” Paris, 1896, p. 178.

Footnote 440:

“The Book of Ser Marco Polo, the Venetian,” trans. and ed. by Col.
Henry Yule, London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 275.

Footnote 441:

Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 172.

Footnote 442:

Max Müller, “Rig-Veda Samhita,” 1862, Vol. IV, p. 64.

Footnote 443:

Alexander, “The History of Women,” London, 1782, Vol. II, p. 171.

Footnote 444:

From a letter of Charles Roach Smith, Esq., F. S. A., to John Gage
Rokewode, F. R. S. “Archæologia,” Vol. XXIX, p. 70.

Footnote 445:

Augustus C. Hamlin, “Leisure Hours Among the Gems,” Boston, 1884, p.
22.

Footnote 446:

Dieulafoy, “L’art antique de la Perse,” Paris, 1884. Pt. V, p. 137.

Footnote 447:

See Maskell, “Russian Art” (South Kensington Museum Handbooks),
London, 1884, pp. 83, 84; also “La Russie Méridionale,” by
Reinach-Kondakoff-Tolstoy, pp. 489, 490.

Footnote 448:

“Die Domkirche bei St. Veit in Prag,” Prague, 1890, pp. 13, 19, 21.

Footnote 449:

Abridged from a description by Professor Tennant.

Footnote 450:

Davenport Debrett, “Dictionary of the Coronation,” London, p. 52.

Footnote 451:

Sir Walter Scott, “Description of the Regalia of Scotland,” Edinburgh,
1869.

Footnote 452:

Communicated by Prof. H. Schumacher of Bonn and Johann Wagner & Sohn,
Jewelers of the German Court.

Footnote 453:

W. Jones, “Crowns and Coronations,” London, 1883, p. 425.

Footnote 454:

Otto von Falke and Heinrich Frauberger, “Deutsche Schmelzarbeiten des
Mittelalters,” Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904, p. 2.

Footnote 455:

Otto von Falke and Heinrich Frauberger, “Deutsche Schmelzarbeiten des
Mittelalters,” Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904, pp. 6, 7.

Footnote 456:

_Ibid._, p. 9.

Footnote 457:

_Ibid._, p. 16.

Footnote 458:

Josef Dankó, “Aus dem Graner Domschatz,” Gran, 1880, pp. 64–66.

Footnote 459:

Josef Dankó, “Aus dem Graner Domschatz,” Gran, 1880, pp. 67–70.

Footnote 460:

_Ibid._, pp. 74, 75.

Footnote 461:

“Katalog der Schatzkammer von Maria Loretto am Hradschin zu Prag,”
Prague, 1891, pp. 34, 40.

Footnote 462:

Maskell, “Russian Art” (South Kensington Museum Handbooks), London,
1884, pp. 119, 120.

Footnote 463:

Baedeker, “Russland,” Leipzig, 1888, p. 317.

Footnote 464:

One of the authors has in his possession twenty manuscript volumes of
these inventories. They are careful copies from the originals, most of
which are in the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. These copies were
executed for M. E. Molinier, a conservator of the Louvre Museum, and
were disposed of after his death in 1906. The values in the money of
the times are usually given, and we have endeavored where possible to
indicate the equivalent in United States currency, taking account of
the progressive changes in the French monetary standard.

Footnote 465:

“Inventaire des Joyaux de Louis Duc d’Anjou,” In De Laborde’s “Emaux,”
Paris, 1853, Vol. II.

Footnote 466:

Bibliothèque Nationale. MS. fr. 6542 (suppt. 4622) parchemin original,
13 pp. in folio.

Footnote 467:

De Laborde, “Emaux,” Paris, 1853, Vol. II, p. 437.

Footnote 468:

“Inventaire des Biens de Marguerite de Flandre,” Bibliothèque
Nationale coll., Moreau, 1725 (Mouchet 5).

Footnote 469:

Bibl. Nat. MS. Latin. 9941 (suppt. 1656), folio, parchment, 40 leaves.

Footnote 470:

Bibliothèque Nationale MS. fr. 18766 (S. Germain fr. 910) 40 ff. Bound
in green velvet.

Footnote 471:

Bibl. Natl. MS. français, 4611, folio, pp. 433 in parchment.

Footnote 472:

“Inventaires des Ducs de Bourgogne,” De Laborde, “Emaux,” Vol. II, p.
438.

Footnote 473:

See De Laborde. “Emaux,” Paris, 1853, Vol. II, p. 437.

Footnote 474:

“Jahrbuch der kunsthistorischen Sammlungen des allerhöchsten
Kaiserhauses,” Vienna, 1895, Vol. XIV, Pt. II, p. 52. “Inventories of
Philip II” (1598–1607).

Footnote 475:

_Ibid._, Vol. XIX, Pt. II, p. 170.

Footnote 476:

From _eptli_—shell, and _yollott_—heart, _i.e._, life.

Footnote 477:

“Heraldic. Curios.,” Pars III, c. 8, p. 12.

Footnote 478:

Debrett, “Dictionary of the Coronation,” p. 127.

Footnote 479:

“Illustrated London News,” April 13, 1878, p. 347.

Footnote 480:

Pliny, “Naturall Historie,” London, 1601, _Lib._ IX, c. 35.

Footnote 481:

Budé, “De Asse,” Paris, 1514.

Footnote 482:

Pliny, “Historia Naturalis,” _Lib._ IX, c. 35.

Footnote 483:

“Historia,” _Lib._ I, c. 4, ed. Niebuhr, Bonnae, 1833.

Footnote 484:

Panciroli, “Rerum Memorabilium, libri duo,” Frankfort. 1660, Pt. I, p.
44. We have been unable to find this statement in the Annals of
Zonaras; it was possibly derived from some gloss or annotation.

Footnote 485:

Published by Lambeccius in “Bibliotheca Cæsarea,” Vol. II, p. 516.

Footnote 486:

See p. 254 for Garcilasso’s description.

Footnote 487:

Garcilasso, “Historie des Incas, Rois du Pérou,” Amsterdam, 1704, Vol.
II, p. 352.

Footnote 488:

_Ibid._, p. 351.

Footnote 489:

Miscel. Academ. Nat. Curios, Dec. 1, Ann. II, obs. 288.

Footnote 490:

“Hawkins’ Voyages,” Hakluyt Society, 1878, p. 315 note.

Footnote 491:

See Robertson, “Inventaires de la Royne d’Ecosse,” Bannatyne Club,
1863.

Footnote 492:

See Lang, “Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart,” Edinburgh, 1906.

Footnote 493:

Teulet, “Relations politiques de la France et de l’Espagne avec
l’Ecosse,” Vol. II, p. 352.

Footnote 494:

Teulet, “Relations,” etc., p. 364.

Footnote 495:

Walpole, “Anecdotes of Painting in England,” London, 1849, Vol. I, p.
151.

Footnote 496:

An interesting account of this collection was given in a little book,
now quite rare, published in London in 1793 by John Roberts, entitled
“A View of the Waxen Figures in Henry VII’s Chapel.”

Footnote 497:

Bolton, “Curious Relics of English Funerals,” Boston, 1894, p. 233.

Footnote 498:

Lawson, “History of Banking,” London, 1750, pp. 24, 25.

Footnote 499:

Burgon, “The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham,” London, 1839, Vol.
I, p. 69.

Footnote 500:

See p. 451.

Footnote 501:

London, 1631, p. 1297.

Footnote 502:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 130.

Footnote 503:

Tavernier used the Florentine carat, which equaled 3.04 grains troy.

Footnote 504:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 110.

Footnote 505:

One _rati_ equaled seven eighths of the Florentine carat, or 2.66
grains troy.

Footnote 506:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. I, pp. 397–399.

Footnote 507:

Sir Henry Miers Elliot, “The Mohammedan Period as described by Its Own
Historians,” Vol. V. of “The History of India,” ed. by A. V. W.
Jackson, New York, 1907, p. 324.

Footnote 508:

See Fig. 2 of Tavernier’s diagram.

Footnote 509:

Tavernier, “Travels in India,” trans. by V. Ball, London, 1889, Vol.
II, p. 384.

Footnote 510:

Benjamin, “Persia,” p. 73.

Footnote 511:

Brydges, “An Account of the Transactions of His Majesty’s Mission to
the Court of Persia, in the Years 1807–1811,” London, 1834, p. 383.

Footnote 512:

Porter, “Travels in Georgia, Armenia, Ancient Babylon,” etc., London,
1821, Vol. I, p. 325.

Footnote 513:

Robert de Berquen, “Les Merveilles des Indes Orientales et
Occidentales,” Paris, 1661, p. 78 b.

Footnote 514:

Bibl. Nat. MS. “Mélanges de Colbert,” Tome 218, p. 14.

Footnote 515:

De Waldheim, “Essai sur la Pellegrina,” p. 48.

Footnote 516:

See p. 452.

Footnote 517:

Hertz, “Catalogue of the Collection of Pearls and Precious Stones
Formed by Henry Philip Hope, Esq.,” London, 1839.

Footnote 518:

“Gems and Precious Stones of North America,” New York, 1892, Pl. VIII,
p. 229.

Footnote 519:

Streeter, “Pearls and Pearling Life,” London, 1886, pp. 295, 296.

Footnote 520:

Taunton, “Australind,” London, 1900, p. 231.

Footnote 521:

Austrian Court Journal, 1899.

Footnote 522:

See p. 461.

Footnote 523:

The senior author was permitted to handle these treasures in 1899.

Footnote 524:

Winckler, “Die Reichskleinodien,” Berlin, 1872, p. 17.

Footnote 525:

_Ibid._, p. 9.

Footnote 526:

As this pearl was brought from the East later on, it may be the same
as the Reine des Perles, stolen from the French crown jewels in 1791.
It is evidently the same as the La Pellegrina of the Zozima brothers
(1814) and later stolen from them, reappearing as the pearl described
by Kohl, in 1840, first in the possession of a Russian merchant and
then later in the Russian Treasury.

Footnote 527:

“American Anthropologist,” Lancaster, Pa., Vol. IX, No. 1, Jan.–March,
1907, pp. 57–86.

Footnote 528:

“True Travels,” Richmond edition, 1819, p. 144.

Footnote 529:

Strachey, “Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia,” Hakluyt
Society, London, 1849, p. 65.

Footnote 530:

Smith, _op. cit._, p. 130.

Footnote 531:

Strachey, _op. cit._, p. 57.

Footnote 532:

Smith, _op. cit._, p. 83.

Footnote 533:

Strachey, _op. cit._, p. 67. “The ‘blue’ or ‘violet-colored’ pearls
shown in White’s original drawings are probably stained pearls.” These
were most probably the dark purple pearls of the round clam or quohog
of the coast, although it is possible that they were only glass beads.

Footnote 534:

Smith, _op. cit._, Pt. II, p. 19.

Footnote 535:

Thomas Hariot, “A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of
Virginia,” Holbein edition, p. 11.

Footnote 536:

Willoughby, “American Anthropologist,” Lancaster, Pa., Vol. IX, No. 1,
January, 1907, pp. 61, 62.

Footnote 537:

Beverley, “History of Virginia,” 1722, pp. 167, 186.

Footnote 538:

Strachey, _op. cit._, p. 89.

Footnote 539:

Smith, _op. cit._, p. 143.

Footnote 540:

Squier and Davis, Smithsonian “Contributions to Knowledge,” Vol. I,
1848, p. 283.

Footnote 541:

“Science,” April 6, 1906, Vol. XXIII, No. 588.

Footnote 542:

“History of Alabama,” Charlestown, 1851, Vol. I, p. 12.

Footnote 543:

“Moundville Revisited,” Reprint from the Journal of the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 1907, Vol. XIII, pp.
398–403.

Footnote 544:

“Antiquities of the Southern Indians,” New York, 1873, p. 483; also,
“Monumental Remains of Georgia,” Savannah, 1861, p. 14.

Footnote 545:

“Ancient Aboriginal Trade in North America,” Report of the Smithsonian
Institution for 1872, p. 38 of the author’s reprint.

Footnote 546:

See “Artificial Shell Deposits in the United States,” in the Report of
the Smithsonian Institution for 1866, p. 357.

Footnote 547:

“Antiquities of Southern Indians,” p. 490.

Footnote 548:

Transactions of the Philosophic Society for 1693.

Footnote 549:

See p. 494.

Footnote 550:

“Exploration of the Edwin Harness Mound,” Columbus, O., press of F. J.
Heer, 1907, p. 76.

Footnote 551:

“Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley,” Squier & Davis,
Washington, 1848, p. 232.

Footnote 552:

“Explorations in Ohio,” from the Eighteenth Report of the Peabody
Museum, Cambridge, 1886, p. 462.

Footnote 553:

Collection of Peabody Museum of Archæology, Cambridge, Mass.

Footnote 554:

Now in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Ill.

Footnote 555:

“American Archæologist,” May, 1897, to May, 1898.

Footnote 556:

“Archæologia Americana,” 1820, p. 182.

Footnote 557:

See p. 499.

Footnote 558:

See p. 498.

Footnote 559:

“La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West,” Parkman, p. 281.

Footnote 560:

William C. Mills, “Explorations of the Edwin Harness Mound, Columbus,
O.”; press of Fred. J. Heer, 1907. “Ohio Archæological and Historical
Quarterly,” Vol. XVI, No. 2.

Footnote 561:

Herrmann, “Mound-builders of the Mississippi Valley,” pp. 92, 93.

Footnote 562:

A large number of these works are in the library of George F. Kunz.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. P. 153, changed “o, Jerusalem Delivered” to “Tasso, Jerusalem Delivered”. 2. P. 235, changed “a snort distance” to “a short distance”. 3. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. 4. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. 5. Footnotes were re-indexed using numbers and collected together at the end of the last chapter. 6. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. 7. Superscripts are denoted by a caret before a single superscript character or a series of superscripted characters enclosed in curly braces, e.g. M^r. or M^{ister}.