Chapter II: Part 2

CHIVES. Threads six, awl-shaped, inserted into the tube of the blossom, longer than the blossom. Tips laying on the threads, oblong.

POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath. Shaft simple, the length of the chives. Summit simple.

SEED-VESSEL. Berry roundish, three-celled.

SEEDS solitary, three-sided.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hæmanthus foliis plicatis, undulatis, erectis, lato-lanceolatis; umbella globosa; floribus confertis; petalis patentibus; scapo ad basin maculato.

Blood flower with plaited leaves, waved, upright and broad-lance shaped; umbel globular; flowers crowded; petals spreading; flower-stem spotted at the base.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Leaves and part of the Flower-Stem, in miniature.

2. A Flower, complete, natural size.

3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.

4. A Seed-bud, cut transversely.

5. The embryo of a Seed.

This plant is said to have been in our European gardens so long ago as the year 1603: having, at that time, been sent to Paris by the younger Robin from Guinea. But however this may be, as yet there is no figure of the plant by which it may be known from many of this beautiful tribe, except the one by the late Mr. Nodder. We are indebted for its last introduction to the honourable the Sierra Leone Company, who received, in 1792, the roots of this plant, amongst many others, from that settlement; which were by them presented to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, at Hammersmith. Our figure was taken in June from a plant in flower this present year, 1803, in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where, from particular management of Mr. Anderson, the same root has flowered several times; a circumstance that but rarely happens with these bulbs after the first year from importation. As a native of so hot a clime it must be kept in the bark bed of the hot-house; and, when the plant is not in flower, should be watered but sparingly. We as yet are unacquainted with any mode by which it may be propagated. It flourishes most in rich mould. Our figure represents the plant in a small specimen, as the head of flowers is frequently, in this country, of three times the size.

PLATE CCCXIX.

VICIA GALEGIFOLIA.

_Goat’s-Rue-leaved Vetch._

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum, erectum, semi-quinquefidum, acutum; dentibus superioribus brevioribus, conniventibus; omnibus æqualis latitudinis.

COROLLA papillionacea.

_Vexillum_ ovale, ungue lato oblongo, apice emarginatum cum acumine, lateribus reflexum, linea longitudinali compressa elevata.

_Alæ_ duæ, oblongæ, erectæ, semicordatæ, ungue oblongo, vexillo breviores.

_Carina_ ungue oblongo bipartito, ventriculo compresso, semiorbiculato, alis breviore.

STAMINA. Filamenta diadelphia (simplex et novemfidum). Antheræ erectæ, subrotundæ, quadrisulcæ.

_Nectarii glandulæ_ intra stamen compositum et germen e receptaculo oritur, brevis, acuminata.

PISTILLUM. Germen lineare, compressum, longum. Stylus filiformis, brevior, ad angulum erectum adscendens. Stigma obtusum, sub apice transverse barbatum.

PERICARPIUM. Legumen longum, coriaceum, uniloculare, bivalve, acumine terminatum.

SEMINA plura, subrotunda.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaf, tubular, upright, half five-cleft sharp; the upper teeth the shortest, approaching; all the teeth of equal breadth.

BLOSSOM butterfly-shaped.

_Standard_ oval, with a broad oblong claw, notched at the top, with a point in the middle, sides reflexed, compressed and raised in a line running lengthways.

_Wings_ two, oblong, erect, half-heart shaped, with an oblong claw, shorter than the standard.

_Keel_, with an oblong two-parted claw, the hollow part compressed like a half circle shorter than the wings.

CHIVES. Threads in two sets, (one alone, the other nine-cleft.) Tips upright, roundish four-furrowed.

_Honey-cup_, gland arising from the receptacle between the united threads and the seed-bud; short and tapered.

POINTAL. Seed-bud linear, compressed and long. Shaft thread-shaped, shorter, turned upwards from an angle. Summit blunt, bearded transversely on the upper part at the end.

SEED-VESSEL. Pod long, tough, one-celled, two-valved terminated by a point.

SEEDS many, rather round.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Vicia pedunculis multifloris erectis; floribus striatis; foliolis ovalibus, subtruncatis, reflexis.

Vetch with many-flowered, upright fruit-stalks; flowers streaked; leaflets oval, rather appearing cut off at the points, reflexed.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup.

2. The Standard, or upper Petal of the Flower, shewn in front.

3. The same, shewn from the back-side.

4. One of the Wings of the Blossom.

5. The Keel of the same.

6. The Chives, natural size.

7. The Pointal, natural size.

8. The Chives, magnified, shewn from the front side.

9. A half-ripe Pod.

This pretty plant is a native of New Holland, and was first received in seeds from thence under the name of Indigofera coccinea, in the year 1800, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith. It grows into a bushy plant, making a number of branches from the root, but is rather a woody than herbaceous plant; yet the branches have all the character of most of the species of this genus. It has not as yet been increased by cuttings, but from every appearance the seeds will ripen in this country; and there is little doubt but the roots may be divided with safety. It flourishes in a mixture of sandy peat and loam. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Collection of Messrs. Colvilies, King’s Road, Chelsea; where it has likewise flowered this present August, 1803.

PLATE CCCXX.

PULTENÆA ILICIFOLIA.

_Holly-leaved Pultenæa._

CLASS X. ORDER I.

_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX quinque-dentatus, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papillionacea, alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum.

CUP five-toothed, with an appendage on each side. Blossom butterfly-shaped, wings shorter than the standard. Pod one-celled, two seeded.

See PULTENÆA DAPHNOIDES, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pultenæa foliis hastatis, serratis, rigidis; floribus axillaribus, racemosis.

Pultenæa with halbert-shaped leaves, sawed and harsh; flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves in long bunches.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup, natural size.

2. The same, magnified.

3. The Standard, or upper petal of the blossom.

4. One of the Wings of the same.

5. The two petals of the keel of the same.

6. The Chives and Pointal.

7. The Chives, magnified.

8. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, magnified.

This species of Pultenæa was introduced, from New Holland, about the year 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, and is undoubtedly one of the handsomest of the genus. It is difficult to increase as the seeds do not mature, and it is very rarely propagated by cuttings. It grows to the height of three or four feet; and, when in flower, makes a very brilliant appearance. It is not a long-liv’d plant; is very impatient of wet, and is easily hurt by the cold, so should be kept in a dry and warm part of the green-house, or even on a shelf in the hot-house, during the winter months. It thrives in very sandy peat earth without any mixture. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, in the month of June, 1801.

PLATE CCCXXI.

ARETHUSA PLICATA.

_Plaited-leaved Arethusa._

CLASS XX. ORDER I.

_GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Spatha foliacea. Perianthium nullum.

COROLLA, ringens; petala quinque, oblonga, subæqualia, duo exteriora, omnia conniventia in galeam.

_Nectarium_ monophyllum, basi tubulosum, intra corollæ fundum, bipartitum; labio inferiore reflexo, lato, rugoso, longitudine petalorum, propendente; labio superiore lineari, tenerrimo, stylo adnato, apice lobato.

STAMINA. Filamenta duo, brevissima, pistilli apici insidentia. Antheræ ovatæ, compressæ, tectæ duplicatura labii interioris nectarii.

PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, inferum. Stylus oblongus, incurvus, labio interiore nectarii vestitus. Stigma infundibuliforme.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblongo-ovata, unilocularis, tri-valvis, angulis dehiscens.

SEMINA numerosa, acerosa.

EMPALEMENT. Sheath leafy. Cup none.

BLOSSOM gaping. Five petals, oblong, nearly equal, two outer, all converging into a helmet.

_Honey-cup_ one-leafed, tubular at the base, within the bottom of the blossom, two-parted; lower lip reflexed, broad, wrinkled, the length of the petals, hanging down forwards; upper lip linear, very delicate, fixed to the shaft, lobed at top.

CHIVES. Two threads, very short, sitting on the top of the pointal. Tips egg-shaped, flattened, covered by the folding of the inner lip of the honey-cup.

POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong, beneath. Shaft oblong, incurved, cloathed by the inner lip of the honey-cup. Summit funnel-shaped.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong egg-shaped, one-celled, three-valved, splitting at the angles.

SEEDS numerous, chaffy.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Arethusa radice globosa; folio cordato, plicato, hirsuto.

Arethusa with a globular root; leaf heart-shaped, plaited and hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Plant, after the Flower has disappeared.

2. The Petals of the Flower, spread open.

3. The Honey-cup, spread open.

4. The Chives and Pointal.

5. The same, magnified; the hood, to which the chives are attached, lifted up.

This singular little bulbous rooted plant was received this year, 1803, in the month of April, amongst a number of other curious new seeds and bulbs, from the East-Indies, by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. by whom they have been communicated to different collections. Although the plant has considerable affinity with Arethusa, yet we entertain doubts whether it should not be placed to Limodorum, as it wants many of the generic characters of the former genus, and but few, and those but trivial in its correspondence, to the latter. We have, notwithstanding, given it the title under which it was sent, submitting our judgment to what we conceive better authority. There is little doubt but the plant will soon be lost in our collections, as but few of this natural order are either to be propagated or kept by any cultivation we are at present acquainted with. Our figure was taken from a plant which flowered in the hot-house of J. Vere, Esquire, Kensington Gore, in the month of July, before there was any appearance of either root or leaf from the bulb. It was in flower at the same time in the Collection of Sir Abraham Hume, Bart. Wormley-Bury, Herts.

PLATE CCCXXII.

PITCAIRNIA LATIFOLIA.

_Broad-leaved Pitcairnia._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX triphyllus, semisuperus. Petala 3. Squama nectarifera ad basin petalorum. Stigmata tria contorta. Capsula tria, introrsum dehiscentes. Semina alata.

EMPALEMENT three-leaved, half superior. Petals three; with a scaly honey-cup at the base of the petals. Three summits twisted. Three capsules, splitting from the inside. Seeds winged.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pitcairnia foliis integerrimis, basi subspinosis.

Pitcairnia with leaves quite entire, rather spiney at the base.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. One of the Petals, with its scale at the base.

3. The Chives and Pointal, cleared from the Petals.

4. The Pointal, the Summits detached, magnified.

5. The Seed-bud, cut transversely.

The species of Pitcairnia here figured is a native of Jamaica, and was first introduced to Britain by Mr. A. Anderson, in the year 1785. It does not flower so readily as some of the other species, but is equally easy to increase; flourishes in rich earth, and may be kept on a shelf of the hot-house until its flower-stem appears; when, to encourage its flowering, it should be plunged in the bark-bed.--Our drawing was made, in the month of July, from a plant in the Collection of J. Vere, Esquire, Kensington Gore.

PLATE CCCXXIII.

GERANIUM BARBATUM. _Var. Minor._

_Bearded-leaved Geranium._ _Lesser Var._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNIA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis; foliolis inequaliter, dentatis, apice barbatis; floribus umbellatis; petalis linearibus, recurvatis; staminibus quinque fertilibus, binis longioribus; scapo polystachio; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves, leaflets unequally toothed, and bearded at the point; flowers grow in umbels, petals linear, recurved; five fertile chives, two longer; flower-stem branched; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup cut open, to shew its tubular structure.

2. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.

3. The Chives cut open, magnified.

4. The Pointal, natural size.

5. The same, magnified.

Our present figure is taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, Clapham; and is a very strong variety of the Bearded-leaved Geranium of a former number, taken from the same source. It is, as far as appearances lead, no way differing in character from the rest of the tuberous species of this genus, to require any other treatment. Flowers in June or July.

PLATE CCCXXIV.

MAGNOLIA PURPUREA.

_Purple-flowered Magnolia._

CLASS XIII. ORDER VII. _of Schreb. Gen. Plants._

_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX 3-phyllus. Petala 6-12. Capsulæ 2-valves, imbricatæ. Semina baccata, pendula.

CUP 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, tiled. Seeds, berries, pendulous.

See MAGNOLIA PUMILA, Pl. CCXXVI. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Magnolia foliis obovatis, flaccidis; floribus purpureis; petalis obovatis, divaricatis.

Magnolia with inversely egg-shaped, flaccid leaves; flowers purple; petals inversely egg-shaped and straddling.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Chives and Pointals.

2. A Chive, magnified.

3. The Pointals.

This fine species of Magnolia is a native of China and Japan, was introduced to us by the late Mr. Slater of Laytonstone, to whom we are so much indebted for the greatest number of beautiful plants which have been imported from thence by any individual. It is a very free growing plant; will resist the severity of our winters, if planted in a warm situation, and is deciduous; but if kept in the conservatory, it retains its leaves the whole year, and flowers about June. It is propagated with ease by laying, or by cuttings, and thrives in peat earth, with a small mixture of loam. The plant from which our figure was taken is in the magnificent Conservatory of the Right Honourable the Marquis of Blandford, White Knights, near Reading, Berks; and, we believe, the finest specimen of this species of Magnolia in Britain.

PLATE CCCXXV.

CODON ROYENI.

_Prickly Codon._

CLASS XI. ORDER I.

_DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Twelve Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, duodecempartitum; foliolis subulatis, persistentibus, erectis, alternis brevioribus.

COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, basi torulosa; limbo duodecimpartito, aquali.

_Nectarium_ duodecim loculare ex squamis 12, unguibus staminum insertis, conniventibus, receptaculum tegentibus.

STAMINA. Filamenta duodecim, longitudine corollæ. Antheræ crassæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen superum, conicum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum. Stigmata duo, longa, setacea, divergentia.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula bilocularis.

SEMINA plurima, subrotunda, nigra.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaf, twelve-divided; leaflets awl-shaped, remaining, upright, the alternate ones shorter.

BLOSSOM one petal, bell-shaped, rather swelled at the base; border twelve-divided, equal.

_Honey-cup_ twelve-celled, consisting of 12 scales, inserted into the claws of the chives, approaching, covering the receptacle.

CHIVES. Twelve threads, the length of the blossom. Tips thick.

POINTAL. Seed-bud above, conical. Shaft simple, the length of the chives. Summits two, long, like bristles, straddling.

SEED VESSEL. Capsule two-celled.

SEEDS numerous, roundish, black,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Codon foliis alternis, cordato-ovatis, acuminatis, setaceo-spinosis; floribus subcapitatis, terminalibus.

Codon with alternate leaves, between heart-shaped and oval, tapered to the point, with spine-like bristles; flowers grow nearly in heads, terminating the branches.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement.

2. A Blossom spread open, with the chives in their place.

3. The same shewn from the outside.

4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits.

5. The Seed-bud, cut transversely.

As an interesting desideratum, this plant has stood long amongst botanical collectors; but till the year 1801, it was never seen, in a vegetating state, in Britain; at which period, it was introduced to our gardens, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Hope. It is not, we believe, (although considered hitherto as such,) an annual; but rather, a half woody shrub, easily destroyed by moisture. As the seed appears to ripen freely, although there seems no other mode of perpetuating the plant, we shall stand in no danger of losing it; its attractions are, indeed, not great as to beauty, but much so as to singularity; since we have no plant to which it affines in general habit. The seeds should be sown on a gentle hot-bed, in March, and transplanted when about two inches high, into pots, to flower, which they will do about September. Our drawing was made at the Hammersmith Nursery. Having had the opportunity of examining the flowers, of more than twenty plants; we are convinced it has been wrong placed by Van Royen to decandria; for although many flowers may be found, even on the same plant, some with eight, others with ten chives, yet at least 90 out of 100 have twelve; wherefore we have, without scruple, placed it to dodecandria.

PLATE CCCXXVI.

PHARNACEUM LINEARE.

_Linear-leaved Pharnaceum._

CLASS V. ORDER III.

_PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Three Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum; foliolis subovatis, concavis, patentibus, æqualibus, persistentibus, intus coloratus, margine tenui.

COROLLA nulla; hinc calycis margo tenuis et calyx interne coloratus.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata, longitudine calycis. Antheræ basi bifidæ.

PISTILLA. Germen ovatum, trigonum. Styli tres, filiformes, longitudine staminum. Stigmata obtusa.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovata, obsoletè trigona, tecta, trilocularis, trivalvis.

SEMINA numerosa, nitida, orbiculata, depressa, margine acuto cincta.

EMPALEMENT. Cup five-leaved; leaflets nearly egg-shaped, concave, spreading, equal, permanent, coloured within, with a thin edge.

BLOSSOM none; hence the edge of the cup is thin and the inside of it is coloured.

CHIVES. Five-threads, awl-shaped, the length of the cup. Tips cleft at the base.

POINTALS. Seed-bud egg-shaped, three-sided. Shafts three, thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summits blunt.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule egg-shaped, bluntly three-cornered, covered, three-celled, three valves.

SEEDS numerous, shining, orbicular, flattened, surrounded by a sharp rim.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pharnaceum foliis linearibus, verticillatis; umbellis inequalibus; calycibus aurantiis; caule decumbente.

Pharnaceum with linear leaves, growing in whorls; umbels unequal; cups orange coloured; stem bending downwards.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup, shewn from the front, with the chives.

2. The same, shewn from the hind part attached to the fruit-stalk.

3. The Seed-bud and Pointals, natural size.

4. The same, magnified.

5. The Seed-bud, cut transversely, magnified.

This little plant much resembles our Corn Spurry, or Spergula arvensis, at first sight. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, seldom grows more than six inches high, and is very apt to be destroyed by the damps of our winters. It should be placed in the airyest part of the greenhouse, and kept in light sandy loam. To propagate it, the cuttings should be put in, about the month of March, in the heat of a gentle hot-bed, or the bark-bed of the hot-house; the seeds are sometimes perfected. It has been often introduced to us, but as often lost; as it is not a plant of much shew, no great deal of pains has, hitherto, been taken for its preservation. Our drawing was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, in the month of July, 1802.

PLATE CCCXXVII.

XERANTHEMUM ARGENTEUM.

_Silvery Everlasting-Flower._

CLASS XIX. ORDER II.

_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

RECEPTACULUM paleaceum. Pappus setaceus. Calyx imbricatus, radiatus; radio colorato.

RECEPTACLE chaffy. Feather bristly. Cup tiled, rayed; ray coloured.

See XERANTHEMUM SPECIOCISSIMUM, V. I. Pl. LI.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Xeranthemum fruticosum; foliis lanceolatis, carinatis, sericeis; floribus paniculatis, argenteis.

Everlasting flower with a shrubby stem; leaves lance-shaped, keeled, and silky; flowers grow in panicles, and silvery.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. An hermaphrodite Floret, natural size.

2. The same, magnified.

3. An inner scale of the Empalement.

4. The Receptacle, cleared of the scales and florets.

5. A female Floret, magnified.

6. The Pointal of the above, natural size.

7. The same magnified.

This new species of Everlasting-flower was introduced to us, at the same time, with the X. spirale this work, Pl. CCLXII. by Montague Burgoyne, Esq. of Mark Hall, Essex, in the year 1801. It is a quick growing plant, and has flowered for the first time last April, when our drawing was taken. The flower stems grow to the length of eighteen inches, or more; and the buds, upon their first appearance, have a fine tint of flesh colour, which, however, totally disappears upon the expansion of the flower. It is propagated by cuttings, seeds, (which ripen in this country,) or by parting the branches at the root, as it makes many from one base, which are easily separated by passing a knife between them. It thrives best in sandy peat with a small portion of loam, and must be kept in an airy, dry part of the greenhouse.

PLATE CCCXXVIII.

GERANIUM BUBONIFOLIUM.

_Macedonian-Parsley-leaved Geranium._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, pentacoccus.

ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis pinnatis, pinnis oppositis, lobatis, distantibus, lobis inciso-dentatis, glabris; petalis emarginatis, albis; staminibus quinque fertilibus; radice tuberosa.

Geranium with winged leaves, wings opposite, lobed, distant, lobes deep cut and toothed, smooth; petals notched at the end, white, five fertile chives; root tuberous.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup cut and spread open.

2. The Chives and Pointal.

3. The Chives cut and spread open, magnified.

4. The Pointal, magnified.

This Geranium, from the Cape of Good Hope, is quite distinct in its habit, from most of the tuberous species; the leaflets or wings of the leaves being more hand-shaped, and at a greater distance from each other, than in any which has come under our observation; having much the appearance of those of the plant from which we have derived its specific title. The plant was introduced by Mr. Niven, to the Clapham Collection, in 1800; where our drawing was taken in the month of June, 1802. The cultivation as usual, for the plants of this branch of the Geranium family.

PLATE CCCXXIX.

PHARNACEUM LINEARE. _Var. flo. albo._

_Linear-leaved Pharnaceum. White Var._

CLASS V. ORDER III.

_PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Three Pointals.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX 5-phyllus. Corolla nulla.

CAPSULA 3-locularis, polysperma.

CUP 5-leaved. Blossom none.

CAPSULE 3-celled, many-seeded.

See PHARNACEUM LINEARE. Pl. CCCXXVI. V. V.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Pharnaceum foliis linearibus, verticillatis; umbellis inequalibus; calycibus albo-virentibus; caule decumbente.

Pharnaceum with linear leaves, growing in whorls; umbels unequal; cups whitish green; stem bending downwards.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Flower.

2. The Cup and Chives.

3. The Seed-bud and Pointals, natural size.

4. The same, magnified.

5. The Seed-bud, cut transversely, magnified.

We have given this variety of the linear-leaved Pharnaceum, at the same time with the orange-coloured, as being the only two Cape species, at present, in our gardens. It is equally tender and delicate with its fellow, is equally difficult to propagate; and was introduced, this last time, to the Hibbertian Collection in 1800, by Mr. Niven, with it.

PLATE CCCXXX.

NYMPHÆA STELLATA.

_Starr’d Water-Lily._

CLASS XIII. ORDER I.

_POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Many Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX 4, 5, seu 6-phyllus. Cor. polypetala. Bacca multilocularis, truncata.

CUP 4, 5 or 6-leaved. Bloss. many petals. Berry many-celled, appearing cut off at top.

See NYMPHÆA CŒRULEA, Pl. CXCVII. Vol. III.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Nymphæa foliis subrotundis, sinuatis, subtus purpurascentibus; lobis divaricatis, acutis; calyce tetraphyllo, petalis acutis cœruleis longiore.

Water-lily with nearly round leaves, scollopped and purplish underneath; lobes straddling and pointed; cup four-leaved, longer than the pointed, blue petals.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup divested of the petals.

2. A Chive, natural size.

3. The seed-vessel, nearly arrived to maturity.

4. The same, cut transversely.

This fine species of Water-lily is a native of the East Indies, on the Malabar coast; and has been given by Rheed, in his Hortus Malabaricus, Vol. II. p. 53. fig. 27. At first sight, it has much the appearance of N. cœrulea, but upon closer inspection it is found to possess many strongly differing characters, viz. In this, the under part of the leaves are purplish, the lobes straddle; in that, they are tiled, or lay upon each other; in N. stellata the petals or chives seldom exceed ten; whereas, the N. cœrulea has an indefinite number of both. The roots, likewise, are perfectly distinct; in N. cœrulea the diverging roots proceed from the lower part of the bulb, from whence the leaves issue, but in N. stellata from the top, leaving below them a smooth top-shaped bulb. The parts which compose the summit, or rather the summits, (for indeed we should consider them, if it lay with us, as distinct pointals,) are expanded horizontally when the flower is in its perfect state, forming a star like appearance, whence its specific name. It is much tenderer than N. cœrulea, and will not flower but in strong heat. Mr. Anderson informs us that the plants which have produced perfect seeds, this year, were from seeds, received by A. B. Lambert, Esq. (communicated by Dr. Roxburgh from India) in the month of March, and raised by him for the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where our drawing was made in August.

PLATE CCCXXXI.

XYLOPHYLLA FALCATA.

_Cymitar-shaped-leaved Xylophylla._

CLASS XXI. ORDER III.

_MONŒCIA TRIANDRIA._ Chives and Pointals separate. Three Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* _Masculi flores._

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tripartitum, coloratum; laciniis ovatis, patulis, ovatis.

COROLLA. Petala tria, ovata, concava.

STAMINA. Filamenta tria, brevissima, basi approximata. Antheræ subrotundæ, didymæ.

* _Feminei flores_ in eodem fasciculo cum masculis.

CALYX. Perianthium ut in mare.

COROLLA ut in mare.

_Nectarium_ corpusculis glandulosis germen ambientibus.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, trisulcatum. Styli tres, patuli, bifidi. Stigmata obtusa.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula trigona, trisulca, trilocularis; loculis bivalvibus.

SEMINA solitaria.

* _Male flowers._

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, three divided, coloured; segments egg-shaped, spreading, oval.

BLOSSOM. Petals three, egg-shaped, concave.

CHIVES. Threads three, very short, and approaching at the base. Tips roundish, double.

* _Female flowers_ in the same tuft with the males.

EMPALEMENT. Cup as in the male.

BLOSSOM as in the male.

_Honey-cup_ is formed of small glandular bodies surrounding the seed-bud.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, three-furrowed. Shafts three, short. Summits blunt.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule three-sided, three-furrowed, three cells; cells two-valved.

SEEDS solitary.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Xylophylla foliis sparsis, integris, falcatis, crenatis; crenis remotis, floriferis; floribus rubris.

Xylophylla with leaves scattered on the stem, entire, cymitar-shaped and scolloped; the scollops distant, and having the flowers on them; flowers red.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A male flower, magnified.

2. The blossom of male flowers, spread open, with the honey-cups.

3. A Female flower, magnified.

4. The Germ from a female flower, cut transversely, magnified.

It should seem that this Genus has not been observed with sufficient accuracy, at least those plants known to us, and which have been treated of as belonging to the class Pentandria. The present one, for instance, which is unquestionably the plant designed by Swartz, Commelin, Seba, &c. an is acknowledged by Swartz to be triandrous and monœcious, yet that it should be continued in the Kew Catalogue and by Willdenow, &c. to Pentandria, is astonishing. We have no hesitation in declaring our opinion that the whole genus as it now stands ought to be thrown to Phyllanthus. But, as the title Xylophylla is so well known for these plants; we have thought it more safe to give the Genus those characters the plants bear under their true Class and Order, than make any alteration in it. The Xylophylla falcata is a native of the West India Islands, and has been long cultivated in our hot-houses; so long ago as the year 1739. It is a tender plant, and will not flower without the assistance of the bark-bed; is easily propagated by cuttings; grows best in sandy peat, and flowers in August. Our drawing was made at the Hammersmith Nursery.

PLATE CCCXXXII.

PROTEA ANEMONIFOLIA.

_Anemony-leaved Protea._

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.

BLOSSOM 4-cleft or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point. Empalement proper, none. Seeds solitary.

See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis pinnatis, pinnis planis, cuneiformibus, sub apice inciso-dentatis; capitalis terminalibus; squamis calycinis lanceolatis, glabris; floribus luteis.

Protea with winged leaves, wings flat, wedge-shaped, deeply toothed at the point; flower heads terminal; scales of the cup lance-shaped, smooth; flowers yellow.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. Flower complete, with its Seed-bud attached.

2. One of the petals of the flower, magnified.

3. Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, the Summit detached and magnified.

The Protea Anemonifolia is one of the only three species of the Genus, we have, yet, received from New Holland. It was introduced to us, from thence, in the year 1792, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith; is a hardy green-house plant; grows to the height of three, or four feet; may be propagated by cuttings, and flowers in August. It thrives best in a mixture of light sandy loam, and peat earth, of each an equal quantity.

PLATE CCCXXXIII.

SAGITTARIA LANCIFOLIA.

_Lance-leaved Arrowhead._

CLASS XXI. ORDER VII.

_MONŒCIA POLYANDRIA._ Chives and Pointals separate. Many Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

* _Masculi flores_ plures.

CALYX. Perianthium triphyllum; foliolis ovatis, concavis, persistentibus.

COROLLA. Petala tria, subrotunda, obtusa, plana, patientia, calyci triplo majora.

STAMINA. Filamenta plurima (viginti quatuor sæpe), subulata, in capitulum congesta. Antheræ erectæ, longitudine calycis.

* _Feminei flores_ pauciores, infra masculos.

CALYX. Perianthium ut in mare.

COROLLA. Petala tria, ut in mare.

PISTILLA. Germina numerosa, compressa, in capitulum congesta, extrorsum gibba, desinentia in stylos brevissimos. Stigmata acuta, persistentia.

PERICARPIUM nullum. Receptaculum globosum, semina in globum colligens.

SEMINA numerosa, oblonga, compressa, cincta longitudinaliter margine membranaceo, lato, hinc gibbo, utrinque acuminato.

* _Male flowers_ many.

EMPALEMENT. Cup three leaves; leaflets egg-shaped, concave, remaining.

BLOSSOM. Three petals, roundish, blunt, flat, spreading, three times the size of the cup.

CHIVES. Threads many (often twenty-four), awl-shaped, collected into a little head. Tips upright, the length of the cup.

* _Female flowers_ fewer, beneath the males.

EMPALEMENT. Cup as in the male.

BLOSSOM. Three petals, as in the male.

POINTALS. Seed-buds numerous, flattened, forming a little head, hunched on the outerside, ending in very short shafts. Summits pointed, remaining.

SEED-VESSEL none. Receptacle globular, supporting the seeds in the form of a globe.

SEEDS numerous, oblong, flattened, surrounded lengthways by a broad skinny border, hunched on one side, tapering to each end.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Sagittaria foliis lanceolato-ovatis.

Arrowhead with leaves between lance and egg-shaped.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The whole plant in miniature.

2. A male flower divested of the petals.

3. One of the Chives, magnified.

4. A female flower without its petals.

5. The receptacle with its pointals, cut perpendicularly, magnified.

All the species of this Genus of plants are aquatic, or water plants, and differ but little from each other, in their specific characters. Our present subject is a native of the West India Islands, and requires the atmosphere of a hot-house to induce it to flower. The blossoms, on the lower part of the flower-stem, are all females; and those on the upper part, males; they are all exceedingly delicate, as either wind, or wet, destroys them. It increases by offsets from the root; but the seeds do not ripen in this country. It must be kept in a pan or tub half filled with earth, and the other half with water, but does not require to be plunged in the tan-bed.

Our figure was taken from a plant which flowered this year 1803 (and, for the first time in Britain, as we are informed by Mr. Anderson), in the month of July, in the Collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore.

PLATE CCCXXXIV.

STRUTHIOLA TOMENTOSA.

_Downy-leaved Struthiola._

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

PERIANTHIUM diphyllum. Corolla tubulosa, 4-fida. Nectarium glandulæ octo fauci circumpositæ. Semen unum subbaccatum.

CUP two leaved. Blossom tubular, 4-cleft. Honey-cup 8 glands, placed round the mouth of the blossom. One seed like a berry.

See STRUTHIOLA IMBRICATA, Pl. CXIII. Vol. II.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Struthiola foliis ovatis, concavis, callosis, tomentosis, imbricatis; nectario duodecim partito.

Struthiola with egg shaped leaves, concave, callous, downy and tiled; honey-cup with twelve divisions.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The two leaves of the Empalement, magnified.

2. A Flower complete, magnified.

3. A Blossom cut open, to shew the situation of the chives, magnified.

4. A Seed-bud, with the Shaft and Summit, a little magnified.

The Clapham Collection is the only one in which this curious species of Struthiola is, at present, to be seen. It was sent by Mr. Niven, from the Cape, in 1799, and flowered, for the first time, last year 1802, in the month of August, when our drawing was made. It is a tender Green-house plant, as are most of this natural order, from that country; being susceptible of too great moisture, either when exposed to the open air during heavy rains in summer, or from over watering in winter. Wherefore they are best preserved by sheltering them in an airy situation during summer, and giving them but little water in winter. It is encreased by cuttings, taken off in the month of May, planted in a pot, filled to the margin with sandy loam, and plunged under a hand-glass, in a shady border, without watering the loam. It grows most flourishing in a mixture of sandy peat and loam; the peat about one third part.

PLATE CCCXXXV.

GLADIOLUS PYRAMIDATUS.

_Pyramidal-spiked Gladiolus._

CLASS III. ORDER I.

_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.

BLOSSOM six-divided, gaping. Chives ascending.

See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Pl. XI. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Gladiolus foliis ensiformibus, utrinque attenuatis, glabris; spathis præmorsis; spicis pyramidatis; floribus imbricatis, subringentibus.

Gladiolus with sword-shaped leaves, tapered to both ends, and smooth; sheaths appear bitten at the ends; spikes pyramid-shaped; flowers tiled, a little gaping.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. Part of a leaf.

2. The two Valves of the Sheath.

3. A Blossom cut open, to shew the insertion of the Chives.

4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits.

This fine Gladiolus from the Cape of Good Hope, we believe, has not flowered, or is to be found, in any other collection than that of the Dowager Lady De Clifford, Paddington; where our drawing was taken in August, this year, 1803. It grows to the height of three feet; and the flowers continue to blow, from four to six at a time in succession, from the base of the spike. It is a hardy bulb, and has every appearance of being a free blower.

PLATE CCCXXXVI.

ANCHUSA CAPENSIS.

_Cape Alkanet._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium quinquepartitum oblongum, teres, acutum, persistens.

COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus cylindricus, longitudine calycis; limbus semiquinquefidus, obtusus, erecto-patens; faux clausa squamulis quinque, convexis, prominentibus, oblongis, conniventibus.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, brevissima, in fauce corollæ. Antheræ oblongæ, incumbentes, tectæ.

PISTILLUM. Germina quatuor. Stylus filiformis, longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum, emarginatum.

PERICARPIUM nullum; Calyx major, erectus, in sinu continens semina.

SEMINA quatuor, oblongiuscula, obtusa, gibba.

EMPALEMENT. Cup five-parted, oblong, cylindrical, pointed, remaining.

BLOSSOM one petal, funnel-shape; tube cylindric, the length of the cup; border half-five-cleft, obtuse, from erect spreading; throat closed with five small scales, convex, prominent, oblong, converging.

CHIVES. Five very short threads in the throat of the blossom. Tips oblong, incumbent, covered.

POINTALS. Seed-buds four. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit blunt, notched at the end.

SEED-VESSEL none; the Cup larger and erect, containing the seeds in its bosom.

SEEDS four, somewhat oblong, blunt, hunched.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Anchusa foliis lanceolatis, villosis, callosis; floribus racemoso-paniculatis, cœruleis.

Alkanet with lance-shaped leaves, hairy, and callous; flowers grow in bunches nearly panicled, blue.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Empalement, natural size.

2. The same, magnified.

3. The Seed-buds and pointal, natural size.

4. The same magnified.

5. A Blossom cut open, magnified, to shew the scales upon the mouth, with the situation of the chives.

This is the only species of the Genus we have yet seen from the Cape of Good Hope; and, as it appears that Thunberg discovered but this solitary instance, which he has given in his Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, under the specific title we have here adopted, from him; he, perhaps, thought himself warranted in so naming it; although naming plants from the country where they are first found requires but little reasoning to shew its impropriety. It is a hardy green-house plant, but from all appearance, like the most of this natural order, rather short-lived. It grows freely in a mixture of loam and sandy peat; and there is every appearance that the seeds will ripen, the only method by which there is any likelihood of its being perpetuated.

The plant, before flowering, does not grow above six inches high; but the flower-stem rises near eighteen inches. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection; where it flowered for the first time in England in the month of July 1803; having been sent home, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape, in 1800.

PLATE CCCXXXVII.

PROTEA TRITERNATA.

_Cluster-headed Protea._

CLASS IV. ORDER I.

_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

COROLLA quadrifida seu quadripetala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus.

SEMINA solitaria.

BLOSSOM four-cleft or four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the point. Empalement proper, none.

SEEDS solitary.

See PROTEA FORMOSA, Pl. XVII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Protea foliis bipinnatis, brevibus, filiformibus, confertis, glabris; floribus terminalibus, umbellatis; pedunculis bracteis, capitulis longioribus; squamis calycinis subulatis, hirtis.

Protea with doubly winged leaves, short, thread-shaped, crowded and smooth; flowers terminate the branches in umbels; fruit stalks with floral leaves, and longer than the small heads; scales of the cup awl-shaped and hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Leaf.

2. A Flower.

3. One of the Petals of the flower, magnified.

4. The Seed bud, Shaft and Summit, the Summit detached, magnified.

5. The common Cup of one of the small heads of flowers.

This beautiful divided leaved Protea has been named, as above, by Thunberg, in his Dissertatio de Protea, n. 7, and in his Prodromus plantarum capensium 25. It is rather a delicate plant, and subject to lose the lower leaves from the stem, which takes something from the beauty of its habit. The young leaves, when they first appear, have a downy character, which disappears as they grow firm. The stem has likewise, in its young state, a tendency to downiness, which is not discovered on the old wood; and is, where the leaves are extant, quite covered by them. It grows to the height of three feet, is propagated by cuttings, and flowers in the month of July. Our figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, which was raised from Cape seeds in 1800, sent from thence by Mr. Niven.

PLATE CCCXXXVIII.

GERANIUM CORONOPIFOLIUM.

_Buck’s-horn-leaved Geranium._

CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.

_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.

ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry berries.

See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Pl. XII. Vol. I.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Geranium foliis subcuneatis, apice inciso-dentatis, canescentibus, petiolis longissimis; pedunculis subtrifloris; corollis pallidè violaceis; caulê suffruticoso; staminibus quinque fertilibus.

Geranium with nearly wedge-shaped leaves, deeply toothed at the end, whitish and very long foot-stalks; flower stems mostly three-flowered; blossoms pale purple; stem rather woody; five fertile chives.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Flower and a Bud from a seedling variety of this plant, by an intermixture of the farina of Geranium tricolor.

2. The Cup, which is solid and five-leaved.

3. The Chives and Pointal, magnified.

4. The same cut open, magnified.

5. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits, magnified.

The Geranium coronopifolium is one of those species we may fairly denominate biennial; for such is certainly the G. tricolor, G. Oenothera, G. tomentosum, &c. and as such must be propagated every year to have a succession of them. It is readily increased by putting the cuttings into small pots, and plunging them in the heat of a hot-bed or hot-house, early in the month of March; which plants will flower in September. It was first introduced to the Kew Gardens by Mr. Masson in 1792. The plant very delicate, and should be kept in a dry part of the green-house, in a mixture of sandy peat and rich earth. Our figure is from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection; where, likewise, we found the variety of which a flower is given on the plate. Mr. Allen informs us, he procured the Var. by approximating a plant of this species to the G. tricolor; first impregnating the summits of the flower of G. coronopifolium, with the pollen from the tips of the G. tricolor, a method much practised of late for the production of varieties, in many genera.

PLATE CCCXXXIX.

LOBELIA CORONOPIFOLIA.

_Buck’s-horn-leaved Lobelia._

CLASS XIX. ORDER VI.

_SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA._ Tips united. Flowers simple.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX 5-fidus. Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.

CUP 5-cleft. Blossom 1-petal, irregular. Capsule beneath, 2 or 3-celled.

See LOBELIA PINIFOLIA, Pl. CCLXXIII. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lobelia foliis lanceolatis, dentatis, glabris; floribus solitariis, axillaribus; pedunculis elongatis; stigmatibus obtusis, pilosis.

Lobelia with lance-shaped leaves, toothed and smooth; flowers solitary, from the base of the leaves; foot-stalks lengthened; summits blunt, hairy.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Chives magnified.

2. The Cup, Chives, and Pointal, the Summit detached, magnified.

The character of most of the Lobelias from the Cape, and elsewhere, is, that they are either annual or biennial, and can scarcely be considered as shrubs. Our present subject is a biennial from the Cape of Good Hope, flowers the first year from the seed, if sown in March, and may be preserved a second year; but, as it seeds so abundantly, it is scarce worth the pains to preserve it, as the plants of one year’s growth are so much handsomer than those preserved through the winter. It flowers from July till October, and should be kept in sandy peat earth.

The L. coronopifolia was introduced to the Kew Collection in 1787, by Mr. F. Masson, and is now in most collections.

PLATE CCCXL.

LOBELIA GRACILIS.

_Slender-stemed Lobelia._

CLASS XIX. ORDER VI.

_SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA._ Tips united. Flowers simple.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX 5-fidus. Corolla monopetala, irregularis. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.

CUP 5-cleft. Blossom one petal, irregular. Capsule beneath, 2 or 3-celled.

See LOBELIA PINIFOLIA, Pl. CCLXXIII. Vol. IV.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Lobelia foliis inferioribus ovatis, sinuatis, superioribus lanceolatis, dentatis; petalis duobus minoribus barbatis; floribus spicatis; stigmatibus bifidis.

Lobelia with the lower leaves egg-shaped and scollopped, the upper ones lance-shaped and toothed; the two smaller petals bearded; flowers grow in spikes; summits two-cleft.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Blossom cut open, with the chives in their place, magnified.

2. The Cup, Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit; the Summit detached and magnified.

This most delicate little plant, of which our figure represents the whole, was raised in 1801, from Cape seeds, sent by Mr. Niven from thence, for the Clapham gardens; where our drawing was made this year, 1803, in the month of August. It is an annual plant, producing its seeds freely, as do most species of this genus, which should be sown in the month of March, in light sandy peat, and transplanted about May.

PLATE CCCXLI.

PHASEOLUS CARACALLA.

_Snail-Flower Kidney-Bean._

CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.

_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives in two sets. Ten Chives.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, bilabiatum; labio superiori emarginato, inferiore tridentato.

COROLLA papillionacea.

_Vexillum_, cordatum, obtusum, emarginatum, reclinatum, lateribus reflexis.

_Alæ_, ovatæ, longitudine vexilli, unguibus longis insidentes.

_Carina_, angusta, spiraliter contra solem revoluta.

STAMINA. Filamenta diadelpha, (simplex et novemfidum) intra carinam, spiralia. Antheræ decem, simplices.

PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, compressum villosum. Stylus filiformis, spiraliter inflexus, superne pubescens. Stigma obtusum, crassiusculum, villosum.

PERICARPIUM. Legumen longum, rectum, coriaceum, obtusum cum acumine.

SEMINA reniformia, oblonga, compressa.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, two-lipped, upper lip notched at the end, lower three-toothed.

BLOSSOM butterfly-shaped.

_Standard_, heart-shaped, blunt, notched at the top, reclined, reflexed at the sides.

_Wings_, egg-shaped, the length of the Standard, terminating in long claws.

_Keel_, narrow, twisted spirally contrary to the sun.

CHIVES. Threads in two sets, (simple and nine-cleft,) within the keel, spiral. Tips ten, simple.

POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong, flattened, hairy. Shaft thread-shaped, spirally bent inwards, downy above. Summit blunt, thickish, hairy.

SEED VESSEL. A long pod, straight, leathery, blunt with a point.

SEEDS kidney-shaped, oblong, flattened.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Phaseolus caule volubili; vexillis, carinaque spiraliter convolutis.

Kidney-bean with a twining stem; standards and keel spirally twisted from the left to the right.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup.

2. The Standard.

3. One of the wings, shewn from the outside.

4. One of the wings, shewn from the inside.

5. The Keel.

6. The Chives.

7. The Pointal.

As a singular vegetable production, we have given a specimen of this most curious flower, but not as a novelty, as it is, certainly, rather common, the seeds having frequently been brought to us from Portugal, (to which country it was first introduced from Brasil in South America), ever since the year 1690. It is a climbing plant and must be kept in the hot-house, is propagated by seeds or cuttings, grows to the height of 12 or 14 feet, and should be planted in rich earth. The flowers are produced about August; they are very fragrant, but have not much duration, and the plant has much the resemblance of the common scarlet kidney-bean.

PLATE CCCXLII.

COBBEA SCANDENS.

_Climbing Cobbea._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis cordatis, mucronatis, patentibus, persistens.

COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, versus basin arctata, quinquefida; laciniis concavis, trilobis, ciliatis; squamulæ quinque lanatæ, ad basin sinus tubi, conniventes.

_Nectarium_, corpus carnosum, quinquangulare, decem sulcatum, germen cingens.

STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, squamulis corollæ orta, declinata. Antheræ incumbentes.

PISTILLUM. Germen ovatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, declinatus, staminibus longior. Stigmata tria, plana, recurvata.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, trilocularis, trivalvis.

SEMINA plurima, valvulis affixa, compressa, imbricata.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leaf, half five-cleft; segments heart-shaped, ending in a point, spreading, persistent.

BLOSSOM one-petal, bell-shaped, narrowed towards the base, five-cleft; segments concave, three-lobed, fringed; five woolly scales at the base of the bosom of the tube closing upon each other.

_Honey-cup_, a fleshy body, five-angled, ten-furrowed, embracing the seed-bud.

CHIVES. Five threads, arising from the scales of the blossom, declined. Tips lying upon the threads.

POINTAL. Seed-bud egg-shaped, furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, declined, longer than the threads. Summits three, flat, turned back.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, three cells, three valves.

SEEDS many, fixed to the valves, flat, tiled.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Cobbea foliis conjugatis, cirrhosis; floribus solitariis, pedunculis longissimis; caule scandenti.

Cobbea with conjugate leaves terminating in a tendril; flowers solitary, foot-stalks very long; stem climbing.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Blossom cut and spread open, with the Chives in their place.

2. The Empalement, Honey cup, Seed-bud, Shaft and Summits.

The specimen, from which our drawing was taken, was communicated by Mrs. Long, from the Collection of the Honourable Charles Long, of Bromley Hill, Kent; where, we believe, the only plant of this fine Genus is at present to be found in Britain; and where it has flowered, for the first time, this year, in the month of September, 1803. It is a native of the East Indies, and must be kept as a hot-house plant; is propagated by cuttings, and thrives in rich earth; will grow, if permitted, to the height of twenty feet or more, and is still in flower this present month of November.

PLATE CCCXLIII.

BLANDFORDIA CORDATA.

_Heart-shape-leaved Blandfordia._

CLASS V. ORDER I.

_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquefidum; laciniis concavis, ovatis, obtusis, erectis; persistens.

COROLLA. Petala quinque, oblongo-linearia, subtruncata, patentia, calyci inserta.

_Nectarium_ urceolatum, membranaceum, germen cingens; limbo quinque-lobo, laciniis clavatis, capitatis.

STAMINA. Filamenta nulla. Antheræ quinque, subrotundæ, didymæ; nectarii margini, inter lacinias limbi, affixæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus brevissimus, erectus. Stigma obsoletum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, unilocularis, bivalvis.

SEMINA plurima, minuta, glabra.

EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, half-five-cleft; Segments concave, egg-shaped, blunt, upright; remaining.

BLOSSOM. Five petals, oblong-linear, appearing rather cut off at the ends, spreading, inserted into the cup.

_Honey-cup_ pitcher-shaped, skinny, surrounding the seed-bud; border five-lobed, segments club-shaped, and headed.

CHIVES. Threads none. Tips five, roundish, double; fixed, between the segments of the border, upon the margin of the honey-cup.

POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft very short, upright. Summit obsolete.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, one cell, two valves.

SEEDS many, small, smooth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Blandfordia foliis cordatis, reticulatis, crenato-dentatis, floribus spicatis.

Blandfordia with leaves heart-shaped, netted, and between scolloped and toothed; flowers grow in spikes.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The Cup, natural size.

2. The same, magnified.

3. A Petal, magnified.

4. The Honey-cup, with the Chives, magnified.

5. The same, spread open, shewn from the outside.

6. The same, shewn from the inside.

7. The Seed-bud, natural size.

8. The same, magnified.

The Blandfordia cordata was first observed by Mr. J. Fraser, in the year 1786, on the banks of the Savannah river, near its source, in Georgia, North America; but was not introduced to us until the year 1800, when it was brought to England, amongst many other novelties, by that gentleman. It is, as are most of the plants of that country, rather too tender to resist the severity of our winters; and should be protected, either in the green-house, or in the coolest and shadiest part of the hot-house; where, if it is kept the year through, it will flourish, and flower about the month of June. It is increased by parting the roots about April; delights in moisture and shade; thriving most in a light peat soil, with a small mixture of sandy loam. This plant, from its general habit, would at first sight be taken for a species of Tiarella, or Heuchera, to both which it bears great resemblance, being all, likewise, natives of the same clime; but the strongly differing characters, in the parts of fructification, prevent its being placed to either of those genera. The honey-cup, it is true, might, perhaps, with reason, be considered as the connected threads of ten chives, and what we take to be the segments of its border, set down as so many sterile ones to make up this number. Thus, the plant would be transmuted to the XVI class; but, from our best judgment, we have placed it, as above, in the V.

Our figure is from a specimen communicated by the Right Hon. the Marquis of Blandford, from his magnificent gardens at White Knights, near Reading, Berks. Little need be urged for the propriety of our naming a plant from the Marquis of Blandford; and thus, dedicating this small part of our labours to his lordship; as few, at present, patronize the science, through all its branches, with so much vigour and liberality, or who have equal knowledge in its theory and practice.

PLATE CCCXLIV.

EPIDENDRUM ENSIFOLIUM.

_Sword shaped-leaved Epidendrum._

CLASS XX. ORDER I.

_GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.

ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.

NECTARIUM turbinatum, obliquum, reflexum.

HONEY-CUP top-shaped, oblique and reflexed.

See Pl. XIII. Vol. I. EPIDENDRUM COCHLEATUM.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Epidendrum scapo tereti, lævi; foliis ensiformibus; petalis lanceolatis glabris; labio lanceolato, recurvato, maculato.

Epidendrum with a round smooth stem; leaves sword-shaped; petals lance-shaped, smooth; lip lance-shaped, recurved and spotted.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. The lip, detached from the flower.

2. A Flower from which the lip has been separated.

The Sword-shaped-leaved Epidendrum is a native of China and Japan, was cultivated, before 1792, in the gardens of the Marchioness of Rockingham, at Hillindon, Middlesex. It has more the habit and character of Limodorum than Epidendrum, to which genus it was first placed; and, like the Epidendrum sinense of this work, Plate CCXVI. Vol. III. requires but little heat to keep it in health; preferring a sandy loam to any other matter, for its nourishment. It, like the forenamed, and several other species of this genus, or rather of the genus Limodorum, not being thick-leaved, or parasitic, where indigenous, are of consequence much easier preserved and increased than those of that description. Its flowers, which are produced in September or October, are very fragrant, particularly in the evening, continue in perfection above a month. It is propagated by parting the roots in the month of May.

Our drawing was made from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection.

PLATE CCCXLV.

HYACINTHUS CORYMBOSUS.

_Linear-leaved Cape Hyacinth._

CLASS VI. ORDER I.

_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

CALYX nullus.

COROLLA monopetala, campanulata; limbus sexfidus, reflexus.

_Nectarium_; pori tres melliferi ad apicem germinis.

STAMINA. Filamenta sex, subulata, breviora. Antheræ conniventes.

PISTILLUM. Germen superum, rotundo-trigonum, trisulcum. Stylus simplex, corolla brevior. Stigma obtusum.

PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, triquetra, trilocularis, trivalvis.

SEMINA bina (sæpius,) subrotunda.

EMPALEMENT none.

BLOSSOM one petal, bell-shaped; border six-cleft, reflexed.

_Honey-cup_, three honied pores at the tip of the seed-bud.

CHIVES. Six threads awl-shaped, shorter. Tips converging.

POINTAL. Seed-bud above, round-three-cornered, three-furrowed. Shaft simple, shorter than the blossom. Summit blunt.

SEED-VESSEL. Capsula roundish, three-sided, three-celled, three-valved.

SEEDS in pairs (often,) roundish.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

Hyacinthus corollis infundibuliformibus, corymbosis, erectis; scapo foliis linearibus breviore.

Hyacinth with funnel-shaped blossoms, growing in a broad topped spike, upright; flower-stem shorter than the leaves, which are linear.

REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.

1. A Blossom, with the Chives in their place, one Chive detached, magnified.

2. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, the Summit detached, magnified.