Chapter XV

=Dowelling.=--A process of securing together two edges or faces of a piece of work with pins of wood or metal. Holes are bored in the edges or faces of the pieces, and wooden pegs are cut to fit them. These pegs are coated with glue and then driven into place. The edges or faces of the pieces are also covered with glue, and if the pieces have been properly planed so as to fit together perfectly, a tight joint will be obtained when the glue has dried. The work should be clamped until the glue has dried. E. G. See Fig. 54. For nails used as dowels, see Fig. 357.

=Dowels.=--The pegs or pins used in dowelling.

=Dressed.=--After lumber has been planed at a mill, it is known as "dressed stuff." A board may be dressed to the proper dimensions, that is, prepared either by sawing, planing, paring, or scraping.

=Driving Home a Nail.=--The act of applying the finishing strokes of a hammer upon the head of a nail in driving it into wood (see Driving Nails, page 32).

=Drop.=--A piece of scenery hung from the Gridiron above the stage. E. G. See Figs. 331, 332, and 340.

=Elevation.=--A straight Side or End view of an object. E. G. See Fig. 206.

=Em.=--A square type. Used as a unit in measuring type. The letter "m" in type originally had a square end.

=En.=--A type half an "em" in width.

=End-plate.=--A timber, such as a two-by-four or two-by-six, placed across the tops of the studs in the end of a framework, for the roof rafters or the floor joists above to rest upon. E. G. See Fig. 184. When placed across the studs in the side of a framework it is known as a Side-plate.

=End-wood.=--Wood which has been cut across the grain and shows the ends of the grain upon its surface. E. G. The end of a stick.

=Equidistant.=--Equally distant.

=Finishing Nail.=--A nail with a small head used on surfaces to be exposed, where it is desirable to make as small nail holes as possible. The finishing nail is very handy for all kinds of small work.

=Fishing.=--An operation where two or more pieces are joined together, end to end, by means of strips (known as Fish-plates) nailed or screwed across the joints. It is also known as a Fish-joint, and is a common form of splice. E. G. See Fig. 183.

=Flange.=--A projecting rim such as the edge of a spool.

=Flush.=--A surface of a board is said to be flush with the surface of another when those boards are so placed together that the two surfaces are even, or extend along the same line or plane.

=Font.=--An assortment of type of one size and style, including a certain number of each letter in the alphabet (large and small), punctuation marks, and such characters as are necessary in printing. Spaces and Quads are sold separately.

=Foundation.=--The base upon which a building rests. Usually made of stone, brick, or posts, and placed below the surface of the ground.

=Gable-end.=--That portion of a wall which extends into the angle formed by a gable or gambrel roof. E. G. See Figs. 64, 77, 96, and 109.

=Gauge of Tracks.=--The distance between the tracks.

=Grease Paint.=--A paint for the purpose of making-up the face in preparation for a circus or entertainment of some sort. Prepared of a composition easily removed, and free from injurious substances.

=Gridiron.=--The framework above the stage from which the scenery drops are suspended. The framework consists of a series of parallel bars resembling a gridiron.

=Groove.=--A channel or hollow cut in a piece of wood. In a tongued-and-grooved board it is the hollow in which the tongue fits.

=Halving.= See Fig. 267; also description on page 259. This joint is also known as a Halved-joint.

=Hand Rail.= See Balustrade.

=Hem.=--The edge of a piece of cloth doubled over and sewed, to strengthen it and prevent the threads from ravelling.

=Hexagonal.=--Six-sided.

=Horizontal.=--Parallel to the horizon.

=Hornstone.=--A variety of quartz having the appearance of flint, but more brittle.

=Kerf.=--The opening, or narrow slot, made in sawing.

=Latch-pocket.= See Spring-catch.

=Lath.=--A strip approximately one and one-half inches wide, three-eighths of an inch thick, and four feet long. Nailed across the walls and ceiling of a room upon which to place plaster.

=Locking-up.=--The process of tightening a form of type so as to hold it together (see description, page 136).

=Longitudinal Section.= See Section.

=Making-up.=--Painting the face as a disguise or to show expression marks.

=Mitre.=--The end of a board is mitred when cut off at an angle of forty-five degrees. Although applied to other angles, the term mitre is understood to mean a forty-five degree cut, unless otherwise stated (see Bench-hook, Fig. 11, and Mitre-box, Fig. 12, Chapter I; also descriptions of their use).

=Mitred Try-square.=--Used for laying off mitres (see Figs. 38 and 39,