Chapter I: Preface

The favorable reception, by press and public, accorded to "The Boy Travellers in the Far East" is the author's excuse for venturing to prepare a volume upon Egypt and the Holy Land. He is well aware that those countries have been the favorite theme of authors since the days of Herodotus and Strabo, and many books have been written concerning them. While he could not expect to say much that is new, he hopes the form in which his work is presented will not be found altogether ancient.

The author has twice visited Egypt, and has made the tour of Palestine and Syria. The experiences of Frank and Fred in their journeyings were mainly those of the writer of this book in the winter of 1873-'74, and in the spring of 1878. He has endeavored to give a faithful description of Egypt and the Holy Land as they appear to-day, and during the preparation of this volume he has sent to those countries to obtain the latest information concerning the roads, modes of travel, and other things that may have undergone changes since his last journey in the Levant.

In addition to using his own notes and observations, made on the spot, he has consulted many previous and some subsequent travellers, and has examined numerous books relating to the subjects on which he has written. It has been his effort to embody a description of the Egypt of old with that of the present, and to picture the lands of the Bible as they have appeared through many centuries down to our own time. If it shall be found that he has made a book which combines amusement and instruction for the youth of our land, he will feel that his labor has not been in vain.

Many of the works consulted in the preparation of this book are mentioned in its pages. To some authors he is indebted for illustrations as well as for descriptive or historical matter, the publishers having kindly allowed the use of engravings from their previous publications. Among the works which deserve acknowledgment are "The Ancient Egyptians," by Sir Gardner Wilkinson; "The Modern Egyptians," by Edward William Lane; the translation of "The Arabian Nights' Entertainments," by the same author; "From Egypt to Palestine," by Dr. S. C. Bartlett; "The Land and the Book," by Dr. W. M. Thomson; "Boat Life in Egypt," and "Tent Life in Syria," by William C. Prime, LL.D.; "The Khedive's Egypt," by Edwin De Leon; "The Desert of the Exodus," by Professor E. H. Palmer; "Dr. Olin's Travels in the East;" "Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid," by Piazzi Smith; and "The Land of Moab," by Dr. H. B. Tristram. The author is indebted to Lieutenant-commander Gorringe for information concerning Egyptian obelisks, and regrets that want of space prevented the use of the full account of the removal of "Cleopatra's Needle" from Alexandria to New York.

With this explanation of his reasons for writing "The Boy Travellers in Egypt and the Holy Land," the author submits the result of his labors to those who have already accompanied Frank and Fred in their wanderings in Asia, and to such new readers as may desire to peruse it. He trusts the former will continue, and the latter make, an acquaintance that will prove neither unpleasant nor without instruction.

* * * * *

P.S.--This volume was written and in type previous to July, 1882. Consequently the revolt of Arabi Pasha and the important events that followed could not be included in the narrative of the "Boy Travellers."

T. W. K.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

FROM BOMBAY TO SUEZ.--THE RED SEA, MECCA, AND MOUNT SINAI. 13

CHAPTER II.

SUEZ.--WHERE THE ISRAELITES CROSSED THE RED SEA.--THE SUEZ CANAL. 24

CHAPTER III.

FROM SUEZ TO CAIRO.--THROUGH THE LAND OF GOSHEN. 38

CHAPTER IV.

STREET SCENES IN CAIRO. 52

CHAPTER V.

A RAMBLE THROUGH THE BAZAARS OF CAIRO. 65

CHAPTER VI.

MOSQUES, DERVISHES, AND SCHOOLS.--EDUCATION IN EGYPT. 78

CHAPTER VII.

THE CITADEL.--THE TOMBS OF THE CALIPHS.--THE NILOMETER.--THE
ROSETTA STONE. 90

CHAPTER VIII.

WONDERS OF THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM OF ANTIQUITIES. 104

CHAPTER IX.

THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZEH AND SAKKARA.--MEMPHIS AND THE APIS
MAUSOLEUM. 117

CHAPTER X.

AN ORIENTAL BATH.--EGYPTIAN WEDDINGS AND FUNERALS. 133

CHAPTER XI.

ASCENDING THE NILE.--SIGHTS AND SCENES ON THE RIVER. 145

CHAPTER XII.

SUGAR PLANTATIONS AND MILLS.--SNAKE-CHARMERS.--SIGHTS AT
BENI-HASSAN. 155

CHAPTER XIII.

SIOOT, THE ANCIENT LYCOPOLIS.--SCENES ON THE RIVER. 167

CHAPTER XIV.

GIRGEH AND KENEH.--THE TEMPLES OF ABYDUS AND DENDERAH.--AN
EGYPTIAN DANCE. 177

CHAPTER XV.

ARRIVAL AT LUXOR.--THE GREAT TEMPLE OF KARNAK. 190

CHAPTER XVI.

THE RAMESEUM, MEDINET ABOO, AND THE VOCAL MEMNON. 204

CHAPTER XVII.

THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS.--RECENT DISCOVERIES OF ROYAL MUMMIES. 214

CHAPTER XVIII.

HAREM LIFE IN THE EAST.--FROM LUXOR TO ASSOUAN. 226

CHAPTER XIX.

A CAMEL JOURNEY.--THE ISLAND OF PHILÆ, AND THE FIRST CATARACT
OF THE NILE. 240

CHAPTER XX.

FROM ASSOUAN TO ALEXANDRIA.--FAREWELL TO EGYPT. 253

CHAPTER XXI.

VOYAGE FROM EGYPT TO PALESTINE.--JOURNEY FROM JAFFA TO RAMLEH. 267

CHAPTER XXII.

FROM RAMLEH TO JERUSALEM.--THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE. 280

CHAPTER XXIII.

IN AND AROUND JERUSALEM. 295

CHAPTER XXIV.

FROM JERUSALEM TO BETHLEHEM.--CHURCH AND GROTTO OF THE NATIVITY. 310

CHAPTER XXV.

FROM BETHLEHEM TO MAR SABA AND THE DEAD SEA. 326

CHAPTER XXVI.

FROM THE DEAD SEA TO THE JORDAN, JERICHO, AND JERUSALEM.--THE
VALLEY OF THE JORDAN. 342

CHAPTER XXVII.

FROM JERUSALEM TO NABULUS.--HISTORIC PLACES ON THE ROUTE. 355

CHAPTER XXVIII.

FROM NABULUS TO NAZARETH, SAMARIA, JENIN, AND THE PLAIN OF
ESDRAELON. 368

CHAPTER XXIX.

ASCENT OF MOUNT TABOR.--AROUND AND ON THE SEA OF GALILEE. 385

CHAPTER XXX.

FROM GALILEE TO DAMASCUS.--A RIDE THROUGH DAN AND BANIAS. 399

CHAPTER XXXI.

SIGHTS AND SCENES IN DAMASCUS. 411