Chapter XXXII: Damascus to Beyroot.--The Ruins of Baalbec.--Farewell. 425

ILLUSTRATIONS.

A Scene in Egypt. _Frontispiece._
Coast of the Red Sea. 13
View in Jeddah, on the Red Sea. 17
Captain Burton in Native Dress. 19
Encampment of Pilgrims at Mount Arafat, near Mecca. 20
View of Medina (from a Drawing by a Native Artist). 21
Scene near Suez. 22
Travelling in the Sinai Desert. 23
A Shop in Suez. 25
The Northern End of the Gulf of Suez. 26
"Ayoon Moosa"--the Wells of Moses. 28
Preaching in a Mosque. 29
A Landing-place on the Fresh-water Canal. 31
Oriental Ships of Ancient Times. 32
Ferdinand De Lesseps. 34
Suez Canal and Eastern Egypt. 35
Night Scene on Lake Menzaleh. 37
Camel and Young. 38
Desert Scene in Eastern Egypt. 40
The Modern Shadoof. 41
An Ancient Shadoof. 42
A Sakkieh, or Water-wheel. 42
A Ploughman at Work. 43
An Ancient Plough. 44
An Egyptian Thrashing-machine. 45
Ancient Process of Treading out the Corn. 45
Egyptian Lentils. 46
The Pyramids. 47
A Question of Backsheesh. 48
A Street in Cairo. 50
A Projecting Window. 51
A Caliph of Egypt on his Throne. 53
Part of Old Cairo. 54
A Peddler of Jewellery. 56
A Lady in Street Dress. 57
A Woman Carrying Water. 57
The Fountain of a Mosque. 58
A Beggar at the Way-side. 59
A Man Carrying his Keys. 60
An Oriental Band of Music. 61
The Nay (Flute) and Case. 62
Ancient Egyptian Playing the Nay. 62
The Tamboora. 63
A Darabookah. 63
Coffee-pot and Cups. 64
Oriental Shopkeeper Examining his Books. 65
Interior of a Caravansary. 66
Gate-way of a Caravansary. 67
A Street in a Bazaar at Cairo. 68
Shopping Scene in the Hamzowee. 70
Eastern Necklaces. 71
Weighing Gold in the Jewellers' Bazaar. 71
Kitchen Utensils. 73
Basin and Ewer. 74
Bottle for Rose-water. 75
Oriental Guns. 75
Bab-el-Nasr. 76
Street Scene near the Bab-el-Nasr. 77
The Mosque of Tooloon. 78
Mihrab, Pulpit, and Candlestick in a Mosque. 79
A Begging Dervish. 81
A Whirling Dervish. 82
Performance of the Whirling Dervishes. 83
A Whirler in full Action. 84
Arabic Writing, with Impression of a Seal. 85
Scene in a Primary School. 86
Instruction at Home. 87
Entrance to the El-Azhar. 88
Professors of the El-Azhar. 89
The Citadel, Cairo, with Mosque of Mohammed Ali. 90
View from the Citadel, Cairo. 92
The Tombs of the Caliphs. 94
The Tomb of Keit Bey. 95
The Ferry at Old Cairo. 96
The Dress of an Egyptian King. Form of Crown and Aprons. 98
Menes. 99
Rameses II., from an Inscription. 99
Meneptah, the supposed Pharaoh of the Exodus. 100
The Name of Egypt in Hieroglyphics. 101
Ptolemy in Hieroglyphics. 101
The Rosetta Stone, with Specimen Lines from the Inscription. 102
Specimens of the Three Forms of Writing Used by the Egyptians. 102
Dedication of the Pylon of a Temple. 103
Egyptian Sculptors at Work. 104
Wooden Statue Found at Sakkara. 105
Wooden Dolls. 106
Children's Toys. 107
Positions in Playing Ball. 107
Balls of Leather and Porcelain. 108
Playing Ball Mounted. 108
Playing Checkers. 109
Sand-bag Exercise. 109
A Bull-fight. 110
Goddesses of Truth and Justice. 110
The Name of Apis, an Egyptian God, in Hieroglyphics. 111
King and Queen Offering to the Gods. 111
Different Forms of Mummy Cases. 112
Transporting a Mummy on a Sledge. 112
Goddess of Truth, with her Eyes Closed. 113
Lady's Head-dress on a Mummy Case. 113
Rings, Bracelets, and Scarabæi. 114
Stone Scarabæus with Wings. 114
Jeweller with Blow-pipe. 115
Egyptian Goldsmiths (from a Painting at Thebes). 115
Golden Baskets (from the Tomb of Rameses III.). 116
Dresses of Women of Ancient Egypt. 116
Camels and their Burdens. 117
Old Mode of Transport on the Nile. 118
Near View of the Pyramids. 119
The Battle of the Pyramids.--"Forty centuries look down on you". 121
Egyptian Captives Employed at Hard Labor. 122
Removing Stone from the Quarries. 123
Cutting and Squaring Blocks of Stone. 124
Section of the Great Pyramid. 125
The Sphinx. 126
The Sphinx by Moonlight. 127
Egyptian Captives Making Bricks. 128
Ploughing and Sowing. 129
Taking it Easy. 129
A Hunting Scene. 130
Bronze Figure of Apis. 131
Huntsman with Dogs and Game. 131
An Arched Tomb at Sakkara. 132
Central Room of the Bath. 134
The Man who didn't Like it. 135
The Barber. 137
The Bath among the Ancient Egyptians. 138
A Khatibeh, or Marriage-broker. 140
Preparing for the Wedding. 141
A Marriage Procession at Night. 142
Unveiling the Bride. 143
Blind Musicians among the Ancient Egyptians. 144
View on the Nile near Cairo. 145
Ancient Boat on the Nile. 146
A Village on the Bank of the River. 148
General View of an Eastern City. 149
A Plague of Flies. 151
A Kangia. 151
The Captain. 152
A Gourd Raft. 154
The Raft seen from Below. 154
View on a Sugar Plantation. 156
Interior of a Sugar-mill. 158
A Secure Point of View. 159
Interior of a Tomb at Beni-Hassan. 161
Section of a Tomb. 162
Spinning and Weaving. 163
Artists at Work. 164
Fishing Scene at Beni-Hassan. 164
An Ancient Donkey. 165
A Respectable Citizen. 165
An Old Inhabitant. 166
A Scene near Sioot. 167
A Scene in the Bazaars. 168
Room in an Oriental House. 170
An Oriental Gentleman. 170
An Egyptian Lamp. 171
Pigeon-houses. 173
The Oriental Pigeon. 173
A Watchman's Booth. 174
Inflated Skin Raft (from Assyrian Sculpture). 174
An Ancient Life-preserver. 175
Modern "Keleks," or Skin Rafts. 176
Girgeh. 177
Scene during the Inundation. 178
A Camel on his way to Pasture. 179
Heads of Captives of Rameses II. 180
A Lunch-party of Other Days. 181
Ancient Potters at Work. 183
Ancient Vases, Cups, and Water-jars. 184
Date-palms, near Keneh. 185
Ancient Dancers and Musicians. 186
A Modern Musician. 186
An Egyptian King on his Throne. 187
Front of the Temple at Denderah. 188
Egyptian Prince Carried in a Palanquin. 189
A Complete Egyptian Temple. 191
A "Baris," or Funeral-boat. 192
An Egyptian War-chariot of Ancient Times. 194
Luxor from the Water. 195
Entrance to the Temple of Luxor. 197
Approach to Karnak from Luxor. 198
The Great Hall of Karnak. 199
Grand Court-yard of the Temple. 200
A Body of Archers. 201
Making a List of Captives. 201
Obelisk and part of Grand Hall at Karnak. 202
Egyptian Soldiers. 203
Dry Footing. 204
Ruins in Old Thebes. 205
Grand Hall of the Memnonium. 206
View in the Memnonium, with Ruined Statue of Rameses the Great. 207
The Phalanx of the Sheta. 208
Medinet Aboo. 209
An Egyptian War-boat. 210
The Colossi during an Inundation. 211
Egyptian Priests clad in Leopard-skins. 212
Rear View of the Colossi, with Luxor in the Distance. 213
Sacred Musicians, and a Priest Offering Incense. 214
Valley of the Tombs of the Kings. 215
View in Belzoni's Tomb. 216
An Egyptian Harper. 219
A Chair from Bruce's Tomb. 220
Section of Papyrus. 222
Coffin and Mummy of a Royal Princess. 223
Coffin of Queen Nofretari. 224
Coffin of Rameses II. 225
An Oriental Lady at Home. 226
Eastern Ladies Listening to Music. 228
An Oriental Dancing Girl. 230
An Eastern Story-teller. 231
A Reception in a Harem. 233
Sculptures Mutilated by the Persians. 234
A Thing of Beauty. 235
View in the Temple of Edfoo. 236
Hagar Silsilis. 237
The Foot of the First Cataract. 238
The Ship of the Desert. 241
Bedouin Arabs with their Camel Herds. 242
Camels (from an Assyrian Sculpture). 243
A Bactrian Camel in Good Condition. 243
Foot and Stomach of the Camel. 244
Head of a Camel. 244
The Dromedary Regiment of Napoleon I. 245
View of Philæ from the Head of the Cataract. 247
The Bank of the River below Philæ. 248
Pharaoh's Bed and the Ruins of the Temple. 249
View from Philæ, looking Up the River. 250
The Papyrus Jungles of the Nile. 251
An Ancient Poultry-shop. 253
An Arab and his Camel. 255
Colossal Heads in Front of the Temple of Abou Simbel. 256
Public Square at Khartoom. 258
Egyptian Soldiers on Camels. 259
The Barrage of the Nile. 262
General View of Alexandria. 262
Cleopatra's Needle at Alexandria. 264
Pompey's Pillar. 265
View of Alexandria from the Sea. 266
Front of an Eastern Summer-house. 268
One of the Dragomen. 269
Joppa. 271
A Second-class Horse. 272
The City Gate of Jaffa. 273
Women at a Well. 275
Public Fountain at Jerusalem. 276
One of the Wells of Beersheba, with its Watering-troughs. 277
Interior of a Cistern. 278
Cistern Under the Temple of Jerusalem. 278
A Syrian Horseman. 280
The Tower of Ramleh (from Thomson's "The Land and the Book"). 282
Road in the Foot-hills. 284
View of Jerusalem from the East. 285
Plan of Jerusalem. 287
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre. 290
Ground-plan of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. 291
The Holy Sepulchre. 292
Ancient Arch in Jerusalem. 295
Arms of Jerusalem. 297
Knights of St Catherine. 297
The Via Dolorosa. 298
The Damascus Gate. 299
View of the Mosque of Omar and the Mount of Olives. 301
Wall at South-east Corner of the Temple Area. 303
Wailing-place of the Jews. 304
The Pool of Bethesda. 306
The Pool of Siloam. 307
Quarries Under Jerusalem. 308
View on the Mount of Olives. 311
Gethsemane. 312
A Sycamore-tree. 313
The Road from Jerusalem to Bethlehem. 315
The Tomb of Rachel. 316
Entrance to Bethlehem. 317
View in Bethlehem. 319
Interior of the Church of the Nativity. 321
The Place of the Nativity. 322
The Manger. 323
Adoration of the Wise Men. 323
The Flight into Egypt. 324
An Arab Encampment. 327
A Bedouin Sheik. 328
Modern Bedouins of Mount Sinai. 329
Scene in the Wilderness. 330
An Arab Guard in Palestine. 331
Mar Saba (from Thomson's "The Land and the Book"). 332
Russian Pilgrims in the Holy Land. 334
Road to the Dead Sea. 334
The Dead Sea from the North. 335
Map of the Dead Sea. 337
Lynch's Expedition to the Dead Sea. 338
Lynch's Levelling Party. 339
The Cavern of Usdum. 340
Reeds and Rushes on the Jordan. 342
An Arab Skirmish in the Land of Moab. 343
Bathing-place of the Pilgrims (from Thomson's "The Land and
the Book"). 345
Source of the Jordan. 347
Passage of the Israelites. 347
Map of the Jordan. 348
Recent Aspect of the Plain of Jericho. 350
Ain-es-Sultan, or Fountain of Elisha (from Thomson's "The Land
and the Book"). 351
The Village of Bethany. 353
The Hotel-keeper. 355
Scene on the Overland Route from Jerusalem. 357
By Babel's Stream. 358
The Grapes of Eshcol. 359
Hebron. 360
Street Scene in Bireh. 362
A Native Group at a Fountain. 363
Beasts of Burden. 365
Roof of a House in Nabulus. 366
The Woman of Samaria. 367
View of Nabulus. 369
An Ancient Olive-press. 370
Women Working an Olive-press. 370
Ancient Lamps (Matt. xxv. 1). 371
Modern Lamps. 371
Samaritans Bearing Tribute--an Assyrian Sculpture (2 Kings
xvii. 3). 372
Sebustieh, the Ancient Samaria. 374
View of Jenin, the Ancient Engannim. 376
Map of the Valley of Esdraelon. 377
The Plan of Nazareth. 378
View of Nazareth. 380
The Annunciation. 382
The Country near Nazareth, with the Town in the Distance. 383
Home of a Cave-hermit in Palestine. 386
Mount Tabor. 387
Distant View of Kefr Kenna. 388
The City and Lake of Tiberias. 390
Map of the Sea of Galilee. 392
Magdala and Plain of Gennesaret. 393
Herod's Plan of Attack. 394
Battle with the Robbers. 395
A Galilee Fishing-boat. 396
Ruins at Tell Hum. 397
View of the Lake from the Western Shore. 398
The Rock Partridge. 399
The Plain of Huleh. 400
Huts near Lake Huleh. 401
An Army of Kedesh. 402
Head-spring of the Jordan near Hasbeiyah. 405
Map of the Sources of the Jordan. 406
Terebinth-tree at Banias. 406
Substructions of the Castle of Banias. 407
View from the Castle of Banias. 409
A Street in Damascus. 410
General View of Damascus. 411
Interior of a House in Damascus. 413
Bedouin Camp near Damascus. 416
A Scene in Damascus. 419
Portrait of Abd-el-Kader. 420
Sword-blades of Damascus. 421
Damask Goods. 422
Attack on the Citadel of Damascus before the Invention of
Gunpowder. 423
Paul Led into Damascus. 424
A Caravan near Damascus. 425
The River among the Rocks. 426
The Fijeh Source of the Abana. 427
The Ruins of Baalbec. 429
Modern Wine-press. 431
Bridge Over the Litany. 432
The Cedars of Lebanon. 433
View of Beyroot, looking toward the Harbor. 435
Mission School in Syria. 436
Fountain at Beyroot. 437
Lebanon. 438
MAP OF EGYPT. _Front Cover._
MAP OF THE HOLY LAND. _Back Cover._