Chapter XXVI: Introduction: Habits–classification–structure–chilognatha–chilopoda (20)

This family at present comprises, according to Schletterer,[484] only the three genera _Pelecinus_, _Ophionellus_, and _Monomachus_. The systematic position of the Insects is very doubtful, and their habits are but little known. _Pelecinus polyturator_ (Fig. 370) appears, however, in the female sex, to be a common Insect over a large part of the warmer regions {564}of the New World; it is in all probability parasitic in its habits, the elongate ovipositor of the female Ichneumon being in this Insect replaced by an extraordinary linear extension of the abdomen itself. Doubleday has recorded that he saw twenty or thirty specimens of this species that had perished with their elongated hind bodies inserted into the stem of a tree, from which they could not extricate themselves. On the other hand, Patton thinks they are parasitic on locusts.[485]

The male in _Pelecinus_ has the proportions of the parts of the body normal, there being no elongation of the abdomen; it thus differs very much in appearance from the female. There seems to be very little to distinguish _Pelecinus_ from Proctotrypidae. The undivided trochanters have led to these Insects being placed, by some, among the Aculeate Hymenoptera. This character, as we have already shown, occurs also in Proctotrypidae.

FAM. X. TRIGONALIDAE.

_Abdomen ovate, not separated by a pedicel from the thorax. Antennae
twenty-five-jointed. Trochanters imperfectly two-jointed. Both the
anterior and posterior wings provided with a well-developed neuration.
Abdomen composed of only five apparent segments. Larva (in some cases)
parasitic on Aculeate Hymenoptera._

This family is chiefly constituted by the very rare Insects contained in the genus _Trigonalys_, of which we have one species in Britain. Although, so far as appearance goes, they have little in common with the parasitic Hymenoptera, and look quite like members of the Aculeata, yet the late F. Smith found a species in the cells of _Polistes lanio_, thereby showing it to be of parasitic habits. Although some Aculeate Hymenoptera are also of parasitic habits, yet the characters of _Trigonalys_ perhaps agree, on the whole, better with the Hymenoptera parasitica. The British species is very {565}rare. The South American genus, _Nomadina_, looks still more like a bee, and the trochanters are even more imperfectly divided than they are in some of the Aculeate group, Nyssonides, the outer portion being merely a small piece imperfectly separated from the base of the femur.

----

_Note._—The citation of Saint Augustine on p. 85 is made in the words
used by Wasmann in _Der Trichterwickler, eine naturwissenschaftliche
Studie über den Thierinstinkt_, 1884.

The authenticity of the passage we have adopted as the motto for this
volume is somewhat doubtful. It is explained in an "admonitio ad
lectorem" of the soliloquy, that this work is probably a compilation by a
later writer, from two, or more, works of Saint Augustine. Father Wasmann
has been so kind as to inform the writer that the idea of the passage
quoted occurs frequently in the undoubted works of the Saint, as, for
instance, de Civitate Dei, lib. xi. cap. 22; Serm. ccxiii. in traditione
symboli II. cap. i.; contra Faustum, lib. xxi. cap. v. etc. The passage
quoted is, however, the only one in which "angeli" and "vermiculi" are
associated.

{567}INDEX

Every reference is to the page: words in italics are names of genera or
species; figures in italics indicate that the reference relates to
systematic position; figures in thick type refer to an illustration; f. =
and in following page or pages.

Abdomen, 109;
of Hymenoptera, 492 f.
Abdominal appendages, 188, 189, 190
_Acantherpestes_, 74, _76_
Accessory glands, 392, 404
_Acheta_, 330, 338
_Achorutes murorum_, 194
Acini, 126
Acoustic orifice, 317
Acridiidae, _201_, 279-310, _309_
Acridiides, _310_
_Acridium peregrinum_, 298;
growth, 156;
at sea, 297
—see also _Schistocerca_
Acrophyllides, _278_
Aculeata, _520_
Aculeates and Proctotrypids, 535, 564
Adler, on alternation of generations, 530;
on galls, 526 f.;
on useless males, 498
_Aeschna cyanea_, 412;
_A. grandis_, labium, 411;
nymph, 420, 421
Aeschninae, 416, _426_
Agaonides, _547_
_Agathemera_, 274, 276
Agrion nymph, 426
_Agrion pulchellum_, 412
Agrioninae, 412, _426_
Agriotypides, _557_
_Agriotypus armatus_, 557
Air sacs, 128, 282, 283, 294, 495
_Alaptus excisus_, 537;
_A. fusculus_, 538
Alar organs, of earwigs, 206;
of Blattidae, 225;
of Mantidae, 245;
of Phasmidae, 269;
of Acridiidae, 281;
development of, in earwigs, 212;
in Mantidae, 248
—see also Tegmina, Wings, Elytra
Alary muscles, 134
Albarda on Raphidiides, _448_
Alder flies, 444
_Aleuropteryx_, _471_
Alimentary canal, 123-127, 403, 446;
of may-flies, 438 f.;
of _Panorpa_, 450;
closed, 457, 466, 496, 544
Alitrunk, 489 f., 490, 492
_Alloea_, _561_
Alternation of generations, 497, 530
Amber, Myriapods in, 74, 76, 77;
Insects, 179;
Aptera, 196;
Blattidae, 239;
Mantidae, 258;
Phasmidae, 276;
Psocidae, 397;
Perlidae, 407;
Phryganeidae, 485;
Tenthredinidae, 518;
Cynipidae, 533
Ambua, 40
_Ameles_, 245
Ametabola, 158, 174
Amnion, 148, 545
Amnios, 291
Amorphoscelides, 251, _259_
_Amorphoscelis annulicornis_, 251
Amphibiotica, _342_
_Amphientomum paradoxum_, 397
_Ampulex_, abdomen, 492
Ampulla, 290
_Amylispes_, _76_
_Anabolia furcata_, mouth-parts, 475;
_A. nervosa_, larva, 476
_Anabrus purpurascens_, 321
_Anaplecta azteca_, folded wing, 227
Anaplectinae, _240_
Anatomy—see External Structure and Internal Anatomy
_Anax formosus_, 410, 414
Anderson, Dr. J., on _Gongylus_, 254
_Anechura scabriuscula_, 208
_Anisolabis maritima_, 205;
_A. moesto_, 205;
_A. tasmanica_, 216
_Anisomorpha pardalina_, 274
Anisomorphides, _278_
Anisopterides, 412, _414_, _426_;
nymphs, 421
_Anomalon_, metamorphosis, 552
_Anomalopteryx_, 484
_Anostostoma australasiae_, 326
_Anoura_, 190
Ant, brain, 119; {568}
nervous system, 495;
castes, 500
Ant destroyer, 545, 559
Ante-clypeus, 93
Antennae, 97;
growth of, 212
_Anthophora retusa_, parasites of, 544, 545
_Anthophorabia retusa_, 545
Ant-lions, 453, 454
_Anurida maritima_, 194, 195
Aorta, 133, 134
_Apanteles glomeratus_, 561
_Apatania_, 481;
_A. arctica_, _A. muliebris_, 481
Apex, 112
_Aphilothrix_, 531
Apocrita, 519
Apodeme, 103
Apophysis, 103, 520
Appendages, 91, 188, 189, 190
Aptera, 172, _180_-189
Apterous Insects, 205, 216, 217, 220, 234, 235, 252, 261, 262, 264, 269,
272, 274, 277, 299, 302, 303, 307, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 329,
518, 556, 561
—see also Wingless Insects
Apterygogenea, 175, 196
Aquatic Acridiidae, 301, 303;
Aq. Hymenoptera, 538, 557;
Aq. Phasmids, 272
Arachnides antennistes, 77
Archidesmidae, _76_
_Archidesmus_, _76_
Archijulidae, _76_
Archipolypoda, 74, _76_
Arolium, 105, 223
Arrhenotoky, 141, 498
Arthromeres, 87
_Arumatia ferula_, anatomy, 262
Ascalaphides, _459_ f.
_Ascalaphus coccajus_, 459;
_A. longicornis_, 459;
_A. macaronius_, 460;
eggs, 460
_Aschipasma catadromus_, 263, 266
Aschipasmides, _278_
Ashmead, on Mymarides, 537;
on Proctotrypids, 537;
on _Scleroderma_, 536
_Astroma_, 300
Asymmetry, 216
_Athalia_ (_centifoliae_) _spinarum_, 515
Atropinae, 394 f.
_Atropos divinatoria_, 394 f., 396
_Atta_ (_Oecodoma_) _cephalotes_, 501
Attitude, 248, 250, 256, 268, 514
Attraction of light, 230
Auditory organ, 400;
of _Calotermes_, 358
—see also Ear
Audouin on thorax, 100, 101
_Aulacus_, _562_
_Aulax_, 532
Avicenna, 41
Axes of body, 113

BACILLIDES, _278_
_Bacillus patellifer_, 263
_Bacteria_, _276_
Bacteriides, _277_
Bacunculides, _277_
_Baëtis_, 433
_Ballostoma_, 196
Ballowitz on spermatozoa, 140
Barber, Mrs., on S. African locust, 294
_Barbitistes yersini_, 321
Barnston on Perlidae, 402, 405
Barriers with eggs, 461
Base, 112
Basement membrane, 162
Bassett on oviposition of inquilines, 532
Bataillon, on metamorphosis, 131, 168;
on reversed circulation, 135
Bates, on singing grasshopper, 319;
on Termites, 375
Bateson, on forceps of earwig, 209;
on antennae of same, 212
_Batrachotettix whiti_, 305
Bedeguar, 527, 531
Bees killed by _Locusta_, 321
Belt on domestic cockroaches, 231
Bermuda, 33
Bertkau, on _Psocus_, 391;
on micropterous Psocidae, 394
_Bethylus_ habits, 535
Bherwa, 326
Bird eaten by _Mantis_, 250
Bird-lice, 345, 351
Biting-lice, 345, 351
_Bittacus_, 451, 453;
_B. tipularius_, 452
_Blabera_, 235;
wings, 237;
_B. gigantea_, 222
Blaberides, _241_
Black beetle, 221
Blanjulidae, _44_
_Blanjulus_, 44
Blastoderm, 147
_Blastophaga grossorum_, 547 f.
_Blatta_, 240
Blattidae, _201_, 220-241, _240_;
parasites of, 563
Blattinae, _240_
Blind Insects, 217, 233
Blood, 132
Blood-gills, 479
Blowfly, egg, 145;
metamorphosis, 163
Bolivar on eyes of _Machilis_, 185
_Bombus_, dorsal vessel of, 133;
metamorphosis, 497;
_B. lucorum_, 488
Bombyliidae, 291
Bonnet and Finot on _Eugaster_, 324
Book-lice, 390 f.
_Boreus hiemalis_, 451;
larva, 453
Boutan on concealment of leaf-like Insects, 323
Brachyscelides, 526
_Brachystola magna_, 308
_Brachytrypes megacephalus_, 332
_Bracon palpebrator_, 559
Braconidae, _558_ f.
Bradford Cave, Myriapods in, 34 {569}
Brain, 118, 120;
of ant, 119;
of Perlidae, 404
Branchiae, 401, 421
—see also Gills
Brandt on nervous system, 119, 495
Brauer, on classification, 175;
on median segment, 491;
on hypermetamorphosis, 160;
on Menorhyncha, etc., 161;
on _Ascalaphus_ larva, 460;
on development of _Mantispa_, 464;
on Palaeodictyoptera, 486;
on _Panorpa_ larva, 452;
on tegmina of _Phyllium_, 270
Breitenbach on Proscopiides, 299
Bridgman on British Ichneumonidae, 557
Brindley on growth of cockroach, 229
British, Myriapods, 36;
Orthoptera, 201;
earwigs, 215;
grasshoppers and locusts, 308;
crickets, 339;
Psocidae, 395;
Perlidae, 406;
Odonata, 424;
Sialidae, 444, 448;
Chrysopides, 469;
Trichoptera, 480;
Phytophagous Hymenoptera, 504;
Siricidae, 510;
Cynipidae, 533;
Ichneumonidae, 557;
Braconidae, 561
Brongniart, on fossil Insects, 428;
on fossil Neuroptera, 343;
on Neuropteroidea, 486;
on post-embryonic development of locust, 287;
on young _Mantis_, 247 f.
Brongniart and Becquerel on chlorophyll in _Phyllium_, 268
Bruner on variation of Orthoptera, 304
Brunner, on Hypertely, 322;
on classification of Orthoptera, 202;
of Blattidae, 240;
of Mantidae, 259;
of Phasmidae, 277;
of Acridiidae, 309;
of Locustidae, 328;
on variation of Oedipoda, 304
_Bryodema tuberculata_, 281
Bugnion on histolysis, 166;
on _Encyrtus_, 545
Buller on Weta-punga, 326
Burchell on _Mantis_, 249
Burgess on _Psocus_, 391 f.
Burmeister on Mantidae, 250
Bursa copulatrix, 139

Caddis-flies, 473 f.
Caecum, 125
_Caenis dimidiata_, 442
Calcares, 104
Calepteryginae, 422, _426_
_Calepteryx_, _417_, 420, 422;
its eggs' parasite, 538
Callimenides, 318, _329_
_Callimome bedeguaris_, 532
_Caloptenus spretus_, 288 f., 289, 298, 303;
development, 289
_Calotermes flavicollis_, 362, 363, 371, 376;
_C. nodulosus_, 359;
_C. rugosus_, 358, 382, 383
Calvert on Odonata, 412
_Calvisia atrosignata_, 266, 273
Calyx, 283, 439
Cameron, on ant-parasite, 545;
on gall-producing plants, 527;
on parthenogenesis, 498, 499, 517;
on _Pimpla_ larva, 557
Camerano on earwig, 211, 213
_Campodea_, 61;
_C. staphylinus_, 182, 183, 197
Campodeidae, _183_
_Camponotus_, nerves, 495
Cannibalism, 425, 477
Cantharidae, 291
_Capnia vernalis_, 405
Caprification, 547 f.
Capsule of eggs, 201
—see also Egg-capsule
_Caraphractus cinctus_, 538
Carboniferous, Myriapods, 75, 76;
Insects, 196, 238 f., 259, 276, 408, 428, 442 f., 449
_Cardiophorus_ larva, 90
Cardo, 95
Carnivorous and vegetarian, 250
Carpenter bee wings, 494
Carruthers on locust swarm, 292
Case, Hymenopterous, 514
Cases, caddis-fly, 476 f., 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485
Castes, 500, 501
Caudal branchiae, 423
Cave, Myriapods, 34, 37;
Insects, 197, 451;
Locustidae, 321;
cockroach, 232, 233
_Cecidomyia_, parasites of, 536, 537
Cenchri, 511
Centipedes, 30, 36, 40
_Cephalocoema lineata_, 299
_Cephalonomia formiciformis_, 536
Cephidae, 504 f.
_Cephus integer_, 505;
_C. pygmaeus_, 505
Cerci, 110, 183, 216, 257, 337, 400;
of Blattidae, 224, 238
_Cermatia_, 35
Cermatiidae, _46_
_Ceroys saevissima_, 264
Cervical sclerites, 99, 99, 409
Chalcididae, _539_
_Chalicodoma muraria_, nest, parasites, 540 f.
Changing colour, 288, 253, 267, 268
_Chasmodon apterus_, 561
Chatin on labrum, 93;
on mandibles, 95
_Chauliodes_, _447_
Cheeks, 94
_Cheimatobia brumata_, parasites, 521
_Chelidura dilatata_, 205
Cheshire on fertilisation of bee, 499
_Chilaspis lowii_, 530;
_C. nitida_, 531
Chilian Insects, 447, 463
Chilognatha, 30, _43_, 47, _76_;
development of, 63-72;
structure of, 52-56, 53;
double segments, 53, 70
Chilopoda, 30, 33, _44_, 47, 52, 74, _75_;
structure of, 56-59;
development of, 70-72
Chitin, 162 {570}
Chitinogenous cells, 162
Chlorophyll in tegmina, 269
_Choeradodis cancellata_, 252
Cholodkovsky, on head, 87;
on styles of cockroach, 224;
on embryology of _Phyllodromia_, 237;
on morphology of sting, 493
_Chordeuma_, 31
Chordeumidae, _44_
Chordotonal organs, 121
Chorion, 144
_Chorisoneura_, _240_
Chromosomes, 146
_Chrysopa_ eggs, 469;
larva, 469;
_C. aspersa_, 470;
_C. flava_, 469;
_C. pallida_ larva, 470
Chrysopides, _469_ f., 472
Chun on rectal gills, 422
Chyle, 133
Chylific ventricle, 125, 228
_Cimbex_ abdomen, 493;
abdominal articulation, 492;
dorsal vessel, 134;
_C. sylvarum_, saws, 512
Cimbicides, 511, 517
Cinura, 182
Circulation, 132 f.;
in caudal setae, 435
Cladomorphides, _278_
_Cladonotus humbertianus_, 301
Classification, 171 f.;
of Blattidae, _240_;
of Mautidae, _259_;
of Phasmidae, _277_;
of Acridiidae, _309_;
of Locustidae, _328_;
of Gryllidae, _340_
Claws, 105, 106, 469
Clitumnides, _278_
_Cloëon_, eyes, 430;
_C. dimidiatum_, larvule, 432;
_C. dipterum_, nymph, 432;
respiration of nymph, 435
_Clothilla_, 395;
_C. pulsatoria_, 395, 396;
anatomy, 392
Clypeus, 92, 93
Cockroaches, 220
Cocoons of sawfly, 515
Coeloblast, 149
Coleoptera, _173_
Collembola, _182_, _189_ f.
Collophore, 193
Colour, 200
Commissures, 116
Common cocoons, 515
Compass Termite, 386
Complementary Termites, 361
Compound eyes, 97, 430;
(=facetted eyes) in Myriapods, 36
Concealment by movement and position, 268;
by selection of place, 308
Coniopterygides, _471_
_Coniopteryx lutea_, 471;
_C. psociformis_, 471;
_C. tineiformis_, 472
Conocephalides, 313, 327, 328
_Copiophora cornuta_, 313
_Cordulegaster_, 415;
_C. annulatus_, 415
Cordulegasterinae, _426_
Corduliinae, _426_
Correlative variation, 536
Corrodentia, _175_, 389
Corrosion by Termites, 360
_Corydalis_, _447_;
_C. crassicornis_, 447
_Corydaloides scudderi_, 344
_Corydia_, 221;
_C. petiveriana_, 233
Corydiides, _241_
_Coryna_, 550
_Corynothrix borealis_, 191
Costa, 108
Cotes on Indian locusts, 298
_Cotylosoma dipneusticum_, 272
Coxa, 88, 104
_Craspedosoma_, _76_
Crawlers, 447
Creepers, 407
Cretaceous Myriapods, 75;
Insects, 485
Creutzberg on circulation, 436
Cricket, 330, 338
_Crioceris asparagi_, legs of larvae, 106
Crop, 114, 124, 495
_Crunoecia irrorata_, case of, 480
Cryptides, _557_
_Cryptocerus_, abdomen of, 109
_Cryptops_, 36, 41
Crystalline cone, 98
_Cuculligera flexuosa_, 304
Cunningham on fig fertilisation, 549
Cursoria (Orthoptera), _201_
Cuvier, 77
Cyclops form, 536
_Cylindrodes campbellii_, 336;
_C. kochi_, 336
Cynipidae, _523_
_Cynips aciculata_, 531;
_C. disticha_, 530;
_C. folii_, 530;
_C. kollari_, 530;
_C. lignicola_, 530;
_C. spongifica_, 531
_Cyphocrania aestuans_, 266
Cyprus, 32
_Cyrtophyllus concavus_, 320;
_C. crepitans_, 311

Dahl and Ockler on feet, 105
D'Albertis on may-flies, 441
Damsel-flies, 417
Dancing may-flies, 439 f.
_Dasyleptus lucasii_, 196
Death-watch, 395 f.
Decaux on cannibalism of mole-cricket, 336
Deception, 250, 265
Decoys, 257
Decticides, _329_
De Geer on earwigs, 214
Degeeriidae, _190_
_Deinacrida heteracantha_, 326
Demoiselles, 417
_Dendroleon pantherinus_, 458
Denny on _Mantis_ in England, 258
Derham on death-watches, 396, 397
Dermaptera, 202, 216
Dermatoptera, 202
_Derocalymma_, 235 {571}
_Deroplatys sarawaca_, 243
De Saussure, on Orthoptera, 202;
on wings of Blattidae, 226 f.;
on classification of Gryllidae, 340;
on _Hemimerus_, 217;
on nomenclature of Blattidae, 240;
on oceans as barriers to migration, 297
Desert Insects, 253, 304
Deuterotoky, 141, 497 f.
Deuto-cerebron, 118
Development, of alar organs of _Platycleis_, 312;
of crickets, 332
—see also Embryology and Metamorphosis
Devonian, 428, 442
Dewitz on caste, 500;
on ovipositor of _Locusta_, 314;
on morphology of sting, 493;
on internal legs, 496;
on development of wings of Phryganeidae, 479, 480;
on dragon-fly nymphs, 423;
on _Chrysopa_ larva, 470
_Diaphana fieberi_, 226
_Diapheromera femorata_, 263, 264, 265, 267
_Diastrophus_, 532
_Diaulus_, 484
_Dicranota_, larva, glands of, 142
_Dictyoneura_, 277, 344
_Dictyopteryx microcephala_, 406;
_D. signata_, 401
_Dielocerus ellisii_, 515
Digestion, 127
Dilarina, _465_
Dilke, Sir Charles, on Orchis-like _Mantis_, 254
Dimorphic cocoons, 560;
males, 547, 549
_Diplectrona_, 479
Diploglossata, 217
Diplopoda, _43_, 53, 74
_Diploptera silpha_ folded wing, 227
Diptera, _173_
Disgorgement, 495
Distant on S. African locust, 298
Ditrochous, 494, 520
Divided eyes, 409
_Docophorus fuscicollis_ anatomy, 348;
_D. icterodes_, _D. cygni_, 349
Dog, biting-louse of, 349
Dohrn on tracheal system of _Gryllotalpa_, 132;
on embryology of _Gryllotalpa_, 336
_Dolichopoda palpata_, 322
Dorsal vessel, 133, 134;
reversed action, 435
Dorsum, 100
Dragon-flies, 409
Drakes, 441
_Drepanepteryx phalaenoides_, 453, 468;
wings, 468
Drones, 499
Drummers, 237
Dubois on decapitated _Mantis_, 250
Duchamp on egg-capsule of cockroach, 228
Ductus ejaculatorius, 140
Dudley and Beaumont on Termites, 372, 387
Dufour, on alimentary canal, 124;
on tracheal system, 129;
on air sacs of Acridiidae, 283;
on sexual organs, 138, 139;
on testes, 140;
on phonation, 286;
on _Tridactylus_, 338;
on Mantidae, 246;
on earwigs, 210;
on anatomy of cockroach, 228;
on anatomy of _Gryllotalpa_, 335;
on anatomy of Termites, 360;
on anatomy of _Panorpa_, 450;
on larva of _Sialis_, 446;
on _Myrmeleon_ larva, 458
Duns, 441
Dust-lice, 390 f.
Dwellings of Termites, 385 f.
_Dytiscus_, mesothorax, 101;
egg-tube, 138, 139
Dzierzon theory, 499

Ear, 101, 121;
of Acridiidae, 285 f., 285;
of Locustidae, 316 f., 316, 317;
of crickets, 332;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 333, 334
Earliest Insect, 238
Earwig, 202 f., 211, 213, 214;
forceps, 208 f., 209;
wing, 206;
the name, 214
Eaton, on nymph, 157;
on Ephemeridae, 435, 437, 440
Ecdysis, 156, 162;
nature of, 169
_Ectobia_, 236;
_E. lapponica_, egg-capsule, 229
Ectobiides, _240_
Ectoblast, 149
Ectoderm, 148;
of _Peripatus_, 20 f., 22
Ectognathi, 189
Ectotrophi, 189
Eggs, 143-145;
of _Peripatus_, 19;
of Myriapods, 38, 39, 64;
of _Ascalaphus_, 460;
growing, 513;
of parasites, 552;
of egg-parasites, 545;
of _Corydalis_, 447;
of Cynipidae, 528;
of _Limacodes_, 153;
of Mallophaga, 348;
of _Microcentrum_, 314;
of Phasmidae, 265, 270 f., 270;
of _Perla_, 404;
of _Sialis_, 445;
of Trichoptera, 476
Egg-capsule, 265, 290;
of _Phyllium_, histology, 271
Egg-parasites, 522, 536, 538
Egg-tubes, 137, 139, 392
—see also Ovaries
_Eileticus_, _76_
Eisig on chitinous excretion, 130, 163
Ejaculatory duct, 392, 414
Ejection of fluid, 264, 324, 399, 515
_Elasmosoma_, 559
_Elater_ larva, 29
_Elipsocus brevistylus_, 393
Elytra, 108
_Embia_, 352, 353
_Embidopsocus_, 395
Embiidae, 351, 395
Embryology, 145-153;
of _Peripatus_, 19 f.;
of Myriapods, 63 f.;
of parasites, 522;
of earwig, 216;
of Blattidae, 237;
of _Encyrtus_, 546;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 336; {572}
of _Polynema_, 538;
of _Smicra_, 545;
of Proctotrypidae, 536 f.
Emergence from egg, 263, 264, 290, 291, 313
Empodium, 105
_Empusa pauperata_, 245, 257
Empusides, _259_
_Encyrtus fuscicollis_ development, 545
Endoblast, 149
Endoderm, 148;
of _Peripatus_, 20 f., 22
Endolabium, 97
Endo-skeleton, 399
Eneopterides, _340_
Enock on _Alaptus_ and _Caraphractus_, 538
_Enoicyla pusilla_, 481
Entognathi, 189
Entomology, 86
Entothorax, 103, 114, 116
Entotrophi, 189
Eocene, 407
_Ephemera_, 434;
_E. danica_, 429, 441;
wing, 431;
_E. vulgata_, 441;
nymph, 433
Ephemeridae, _429_-443
_Ephippigera_ Malpighian tubes, 335;
_E. rugosicollis_, 323
Ephippigerides, 318, _329_
Epiblast, 65, 149
Epicranium, 92, 93, 93
Epidemes, 107
Epilamprides, _240_
Epimeron, 100, 101, 104
Episternum, 88, 100, 101, 104
Epistome, 92
Epithelium of stomach, 126
_Eremiaphila_, 243, 253;
_E. turcica_, 253
Eremobiens, 304
_Erianthus_, 301
Erichson on Neuroptera, 342
Erne on _Rhyssa_, 554
_Etoblattina manebachensis_, 238, 239
_Eucharis myrmeciae_, 545
_Euchroma_, head and neck, 99
_Eucorybas_, 37
_Eugaster guyoni_, 324
_Eugereon bockingi_, 486
_Eumegalodon blanchardi_, 327
Eumegalodonidae, 327
Euorthoptera, 216
_Euphaea_, 422
_Euphoberia_, _76_
Euphoberiidae, 73, _76_
_Euprepocnemis plorans_, 303
_Eurycantha australis_, 274
_Eurytoma abrotani_, 539
_Eusthenia spectabilis_, 407
_Eutermes_, 374;
_E. ripperti_, 388
_Euthyrhapha_, 226
_Evania_, _562_
Evaniidae, _562_
Exner on sight, 416
Exodus, locust of the book of, 298
Exsertile blood-sacs, 132
External parasite, 555
External structure, 87;
diagram, 88;
of earwigs, 203 f.;
of cockroaches, 221;
of Mantidae, 242 f.;
of Phasmidae, 260 f.;
of Acridiidae, 280 f.;
of Odonata, 409 f.;
of Ephemeridae, 430 f.;
of _Panorpa_, 450;
of Phryganeidae, 474;
of Hymenoptera, 489 f.;
of Tenthredinidae, 511
Eyes, 97
—see also Compound Eyes and Ocelli

Fabre on _Leucospis_, 540;
on _Monodontomerus_, 543;
on _Sirex_, 509
Facetted eyes—see Compound Eyes
Family, 177
Fasting, 448, 458
Fat-body, 136
Feeding, by Termites, 376;
young, 495
Femur, 88, 104
Fenestra, 221
Fenestrate membrane, of eye, 98;
of pericardium, 134
Fertilisation, 499;
of fig, 549
Field-cricket, 332
Fields of wings, 206
Fig-Insects, 547 f.
Figitides, _525_
Finot on _Japyx_, 196
Fire-brats, 186
Fischer on instars, 158
Fish destroyed, 425
Fletcher on parthenogenesis, 498
Flight, 416
Floral simulators, 254 f.
Flying-machine, model for, 417
_Foenus_, _563_
Foetus of _Hemimerus_, 218
Foramen, occipital, 92, 94
Forbes on Blattid, 235
Forceps of earwigs, 208, 209
Forel on nervous system of ant, 495
_Forficula auricularia_, 202 f., 204, 209, 211;
_F. gigantea_, _210_
Forficulidae, _201_, 202
Formica-leo, 456
Formicajo, 456
Formicario, 456
Fossil, Insects, 178, 472, 485, 486;
Acridiidae, 308;
Blattidae, 238;
cricket, 340;
dragon-flies, 427;
earwigs, 216;
Locustidae, 328;
Mantidae, 258;
may-flies, 442, 443;
Phasmidae, 276;
Panorpidae, 453;
Perlidae, 407;
Sialidae, 449;
Termites, 389;
Thysanura, 196;
Myriapods, 72 f.;
Palaeozoic Neuroptera, 343
Founding communities, 381
Fourmilions, 456
Fowl, biting-louse of, 350
Fritze on Ephemerid alimentary canal, 439 {573}
Frons, 94
Front wings absent, 260 f.
Fungus chambers, 387
Fungus-growing Termites, 385, 387
Funiculus, 492
Furca, 103
Furcal orifices, 399, 402

Galapagos Islands, 459
Galea, 95
Gall-flies, 523 f.
Galls, 514 f.;
nature of, 525 f., 533
Ganglia, 116
Ganin, on metamorphosis, 162;
on embryology, 536 f., 538
_Gasteruption_, _562_
Gena, 94
Geophilidae, _46_, 58, 75
_Geophilus_, 33, 36, 39, 46;
marine, 30;
phosphorescent, 34
Geoscapheusides, _241_
_Gerephemera simplex_, 428
Gerstaecker, on Neuroptera, 343;
on mouth of Odonata, 411
Giebel on Mallophaga, 347
Gigantic Insects, 276, 306, 428
Gilbert White, on mole-cricket, 333;
on field-cricket, 339
Gills, 132, 400, 421, 432 f., 478;
jointed, 445, 446, 467;
filamentous, 476;
spongy, 447;
prothoracic, 443;
of pupa, 483;
on imago, 401, 479;
blood-gills, 479
Giraud on Cynipid oviposition, 528
Gizzard, 124, 125
Glacier water, 405
Glande sébifique, 139
Glands, 139, 142;
conglobate, 229;
maxillary, 458;
mushroom, 228
—see also Salivary Glands
_Glandulae odoriferae_, 31, 36, 54
Glomeridae, _43_, 76
_Glomeris_, 33, 43, 52
Gnathites, 94, 97
Golden-eyes, 469
Göldi on eggs of Phasmidae, 265
Gomphinae, _426_
_Gomphocerus_, 308
_Gomphus_, 415
Gonapophysis, 110
_Gongylus gongylodes_, 254 f., 255
Gosch on median segment, 491
Goureau on _Microgaster_, 560
Graber, on dorsal vessel, 134;
on blood cells, 137;
on embryology, 148-151;
on ears, 286;
on ears of Locustidae, 316, 317;
on chordotonal organs, 121;
on blood, 133;
on phonation of _Stenobothrus_, 284;
on _Platycleis_, 312
Grassi, on Myriapoda, 47;
on _Campodea_, 163;
on _Embia_, 353;
on Termitidae, 361 f.
Grassi and Rovelli on Thysanura, 182
Green grasshoppers, 311
Green, Mr. Staniforth, on _Helicomitus_ larva, 461
_Gromphadorhina portentosa_, 235
Grosse on Mallophaga, 346
Growth of wings, 393;
of Mantidae, 248
Gryllacrides, _329_
Gryllidae, _201_, 330-340, _340_
Gryllides, _340_
_Gryllotalpa_, 332;
dorsal vessel, 134;
Malpighian tubes, 127;
tracheal system, 132
Gryllotalpides, _340_
_Gryllus_, head, 93;
_G. campestris_, 332, 339;
_G. domesticus_, 330, 338
Guilding on _Ulula_, 461
Gula, 88, 93
Gyri cerebrales, 119
_Gyropus_, 350

Haase on abdominal appendages, 189, 192
Haemocoele, 22, 23
Hagen, on segments, 88;
on wing-rudiments, 395;
on respiration of immature dragon-fly, 423 f.;
on larvae of Ascalaphides, 460;
on amber Psocidae, 397;
on _Platephemera_, 428;
on Perlidae, 401;
on Psocidae, 393 f.;
on Termites, 360 f.
_Haldmanella_, 308
_Halesus guttatipennis_, 473
Haliday on _Bethylus_, 535
_Halobates_, 83
Halteres, 108
Hansen on _Hemimerus_, 217
_Haplogenius_, 461
_Haplophlebium_, 345
_Haplopus grayi_, egg, 265
Harpagides, _259_
_Harpalus caliginosus_, head, 92
_Harpax ocellata_, 253;
_H. variegatus_, 244
Harrington on _Oryssus_, 507
Harris on Katydids' music, 320
Hart on forms of _Atta_, 501
Hartig on gall-flies, 530
Harvesting Termites, 383
Harvey on metamorphosis, 168
Hatchett Jackson on ecdysis, 162;
on oviduct of Lepidoptera, 139
Haustellata, 94
Haustellum, 476
Haviland on Termites, 368, 373, 384
Hawaiian Islands, 354, 395, 425, 471
Head, 92-94
Heart, 133
Heat, 131
_Helicomitus insimulans_, 460, 461
_Helicopsyche shuttleworthi_, cases of, 482
Hellgrammites, 447 {574}
_Helorus anomalipes_, 534
Hemerobiidae, _453_ f.
Hemerobiides, _465_ f.
Hemerobiina, _467_, 472
_Hemerobius_ larva, 467
_Hemichroa rufa_, 498
Hemimeridae, _201_, 217
_Hemimerus hanseni_, 217;
foetus of, 218;
_H. talpoides_, 218
Hemimetabola, 158
Hemiptera, _173_
_Hemiteles_, 556
Henking on embryology, 146
Henneguy on egg-capsule of _Phyllium_, 271;
on embryology of _Smicra_, 545
_Heptagenia_, 440;
_H. longicauda_, 437
Hessian-fly, parasites, 537
_Heterogamia_, 222;
_H. aegyptiaca_, 220;
egg-capsule, 229
Heterometabola, 158
Heteromorpha, 158
_Heterophlebia dislocata_, 427
_Heteropteryx grayi_, 262
Hetrodides, _329_
Hexapoda, 86
Heymons on earwig embryology, 216
Hind body, 109
Hind wings absent, 429
Histoblasts, 167
Histogenesis, 165
Histolysis, 165, 166
_Hodotermes japonicus_, 383;
_H. havilandi_, 384;
_H. mossambicus_, 356;
_H. brunneicornis_, 359;
_H. quadricollis_, 371
Hoffbauer on elytra, 108
_Holocampsa_, misprint—see _Holocompsa_
_Holocompsa_, 226, 235
Holometabola, 158
Holophthalmi, _459_
Homomorpha, 158
Hooks for wings, 494
_Hoplolopha_, 303
Hose, 393
Howard, on pupation of Chalcididae, 550;
on _Hydropsyche_, 483
Hubbard and Hagen on Termites, 388
Humboldt, 31
Humpback, 445
Huxley, on head, 87;
on cervical sclerites, 99
_Hydropsyche_, 479
Hydropsychides, _482_;
larva, 483
_Hydroptila angustella_, 474;
_H. maclachlani_, larva, 484
Hydroptilides, _484_
_Hylotoma rosae_, 513
Hymenoptera, _173_, _487_-565
_Hymenoptera phytophaga_, _503_ f.
_Hymenopus bicornis_, 253
_Hyperetes_, 395, 397
Hypermetamorphosis, 158, 159, 465, 540, 552, 557
Hyperparasitism, 521
Hypertely, 323
_Hypnorna amoena_, 234
Hypoblast, 65, 149
_Hypocephalus_, 99
_Hypochrysa_, 470
Hypodermis, 162, 480
Hypoglottis, 96
_Hyponomeuta cognatella_, parasite of, 545
Hypopharynx, 96
—see also Lingua

_ICHNEUMONES ADSCITI_, _559_
Ichneumon-flies, 265, _551_;
uninjurious, 264;
supplementary, _558_
Ichneumonidae, _551_-558
Ichneumonides, _557_
_Ictinus_, 419
Imaginal, discs, 165, 166;
folds, 165
Imago, 157
Imbrications, 493
Imhof on _Perla_, 403 f.
Inaequipalpia, _480_
Indusial limestone, 485
Infra-oesophageal ganglion, 117
Inner margin of wing, 108
_Inocellia_, _447_
Inquilines, 373, 524, 531, 533
Insecta, definition, 86
Instar, 155, 158
Instinct of _Leucospis_, 541
Integument, 162
Internal anatomy, 186 f.;
of Acridiidae, 282 f.;
of earwigs, 210;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 335;
of Hymenoptera, 494;
of _Libellula_, 414;
of Mantidae, 246;
of _Myrmeleon_ larva, 457, 458;
of Odonata, 414;
of _Stilopyga orientalis_, 228;
of Phasmidae, 262;
of _Raphidia_, 448;
of _Sialis_ larva, 446;
of Thysanura, 187 f.
Intestine, 114, 124
Involucrum alarum, 206
_Iris oratoria_, 248
_Isogenus nubecula_, 405, 406
_Isopteryx_, 400
_Isosoma_, 546
_Isotoma_, 190

JAMAICA, 388
Japygidae, _184_
_Japyx_, abdomen of, 109;
_J. solifugus_, 184, 196
Jhering, Von, on Termites, 387
Joint, 105
Joint-worms, 546
Joly, on Ephemeridae, 431;
on anatomy of _Phyllium_, 262
Julidae, 34, _43_, 71, 73, 77
_Julopsis_, 74
_Julus_, 36-39, 52;
_J. nemorensis_, 43;
_J. terrestris_, 37, 70, 77;
breeding, 37;
development, 66-69; {575}
heart, 50;
ovum, 63, 64;
eye, 69
Jurassic, 216, 259, 407, 442
Jurine on pieces at base of wing, 102

_KAMPECARIS_, _76_
_Karabidion_, 274
Katydids, 319, 320
King, 361, 378
Klapálek, on Trichopterous larvae, 484 f.;
on _Agriotypus_, 557
Knee, 104
Koch, 42
Koestler on stomatogastric nerves, 120
Kolbe, on entothorax, 103;
on wings of Psocidae, 394
Kollar on _Sirex_, 509
Korotneff on embryology of _Gryllotalpa_, 336
Korschelt on egg-tubes, 138
Korschelt and Heider on regenerative tissue, 167
Kowalevsky, on phagocytes, 166;
on regenerative tissue, 167;
on bee embryo, 496
_Kradibia cowani_, 549
Krancher on stigmata, 111
Krawkow on chitin, 162
Kulagin, on embryology, 537;
of _Encyrtus_, 545
Künckel d'Herculais, on histoblasts, 167;
on emergence of _Stauronotus_, 290

_Labia minor_, 214
_Labidura riparia_, 210, 211, 214, 215
Labium, 95;
of Odonata, 410, 411;
of O. larva, 420
Laboulbène, on _Anurida maritima_, 194;
on _Perla_, 399
Labrum, 93, 93
Lacewing flies, 453, 469
_Lachesilla_, 395
Lacinia, 95
_Laemobothrium_, 347
Lamarck, 77
Lamina, subgenitalis, 224;
supra-analis, 224
Landois on stigmata, 111
Languette, 96
Lankester, 40
Larva, 157;
(resting-larva), 164;
oldest, 449
Larvule, 431, 432
Latreille, 30
Latreille's segment, 491
Latzel, 42, 77
Leach, 30, 77
Lead, eating, 510
Leaf-Insects, 260
Legs, 104;
internal, 496;
four only, 549;
of larvae, 106, 110
Lendenfeld, on dragon-flies, 416, 417;
on muscles of dragon-fly, 115
Lens, 98
Lepidoptera, _173_
_Lepisma_, 185, 196;
_L. saccharina_, 186;
_L. niveo-fasciata_, 195
Lepismidae, _185_
Leptocerides, _482_
_Leptophlebia cupida_, 430
Lespès on _Calotermes_, 364
Leuckart on micropyle apparatus, 145
Leucocytes, 137
_Leucospis gigas_, 540;
larva, egg, 542;
habits, 540 f.
Lewis, Geo., on luminous may-fly, 442
Lewis on _Perga_, 518
Leydig, on brain, 119, 120;
on Malpighian tubes of _Gryllotalpa_, 335;
on ovaries, 137, 142;
on glands, 142
Lias, 216, 239, 340, 427, 428, 453, 485, 503
_Libellago caligata_, 413
_Libellula quadrimaculata_, 411, 425
Libellulidae, _409_
Libellulinae, 416, _426_
Lichens, resemblance to, 253
Liénard on oesophageal ring, 118
Light, attraction of, 441
Ligula, 96
Lilies and dragon-flies, 426
_Limacodes_ egg, 153
Limnophilides, _481_
Lingua, 95, 96, 391, 411, 420, 437
Linnaeus quoted, 84
Liotheides, 346, _350_
_Lipeurus heterographus_, 346;
_L. bacillus_, 347;
_L. ternatus_, 349
_Lipura burmeisteri_, 190;
_L. maritima_, 194
Lipuridae, _190_
Liquid emitted, 264, 324, 399, 515
_Lissonota setosa_, 551
Lithobiidae, _45_, 70, 75
_Lithobius_, 32, 36-39, 41, 45, 58;
breeding, 38;
structure, 48, 49, 57
_Lithomantis_, 259;
_L. carbonaria_, 344
_Locusta_, ovipositor, development and structure, 315;
_L. viridissima_, 318, 319, 321, 324, 327
Locustidae, _201_, _311_-329, _328_
Locustides, _329_
Locusts, 291 f.;
of the Bible, 298;
in England, 299;
swarms, 292-299;
eggs, 292
Loew on anatomy of _Panorpa_, 450;
of _Raphidia_, 448
_Lonchodes duivenbodi_, egg, 265;
_L. nematodes_, 260, 261
Lonchodides, _277_
Longevity, 377, 429, 438;
of cockroach, 229
_Lopaphus cocophagus_, 264
_Lophyrus pini_, 511
Löw on _Coniopteryx_, 471, 472
Löw, F., on snow Insects, 194
Lowne, on embryonic segments, 151; {576}
on integument, 162;
on stigmata, 111;
on respiration, 130
Lubbock, Sir John, on _Pauropus_, 62;
on aquatic Hymenoptera, 538;
on auditory organs, 121;
on sense organs, 123;
on respiration, 130;
on stadia, 165;
on _Cloëon_, 432, 437;
on Collembola, 192;
on Insect intelligence, 487
Lucas on mouth-parts of Trichoptera, 475
Luminous may-flies, 412
Lycaenidae, eggs, 144
Lyonnet on muscles, 115
Lysiopetalidae, _76_

MACHILIDAE, _184_
_Machilis maritima_, 185;
_M. polypoda_, 184
_Macronema_, 478
Malacopoda, 77
Mallophaga, _342_, _345_-350
Malpighi on galls, 525
Malpighian tubes, 114, 124, 127, 187, 353, 360, 392, 403, 414, 421, 448,
457, 458;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 335;
of _Ephippigera_, 335;
of _Mantis_, 246;
of Myriapods, 48
Malta, Myriapods at, 35
Mandibles, 94, 95;
absent, 474, 475
Mandibulata, 94
_Manticora_, 304
Mantidae, _201_, _242_-259, _259_
Mantides, _259_
_Mantis_, immature tegmina, 248;
parasite, 546;
_M. religiosa_, 246, 247, 258
_Mantispa areolaris_, 463;
_M. styriaca_ larva, 464
Mantispides, _463_ f.
_Mantoida luteola_, 251
Marchal on Malpighian tubes, 127
Marine Myriapods, 30
Marshall, on _Apanteles_ cocoons, 560;
on Braconidae, 561
Mask, 420
Mastacides, 301, _309_
_Mastax guttatus_, 301
Maternal care, 214, 336, 517
Maxilla, 95, 96;
of Odonata, 411;
absent, 190
May-flies, 429;
number of, 442
Mayer, on Apterygogenea, 196;
on caprification, 547, 548
Mazon Creek, Myriapods at, 75
M‘Coy on variation of ocelli, 267
M‘Lachlan, on Ascalaphides, 459;
on _Oligotoma_, 354;
on Psocidae, 395;
on Trichoptera, 480 f.
Mecaptera, _174_, 453
Mechanism of flight, 416
_Mecistogaster_, 412
_Meconema varium_, 321
Meconemides, _328_
_Mecopoda_, 319
Mecopodides, _328_
_Mecostethus grossus_, 285, 299, 308
Median plate, 504, 506, 507, 512
Median segment, 109, 490, 491
_Megachile_, nervous system, 496
_Megaloblatta rufipes_, 235
_Megalomus hirtus_, 468
_Megalyra_, _562_
_Megalyridae_, _562_
_Meganeura monyi_, 428
Megasecopterides, 344
_Megastigmus_, 547
Meinert, on earwigs, 210, 211, 212;
on _Myrmeleon_ larva, 457;
on stink-glands, 210
_Melittobia_, 545
Melliss on Termite of St. Helena, 389
Melnikow on eggs of Mallophaga, 348
Membranule, 413
Menognatha, 161
_Menopon leucostomum_, 348;
_M. pallidum_, 350
Menorhyncha, 161
Mentum, 95, 96, 96
Mesoblast, 20, 65, 149
Mesoderm, 20, 149
Mesonotum, 88
_Mesopsocus unipunctatus_, _394_
Mesothoracic spiracle, 491
Mesothorax, 101
Mesozoic, 309, 449, 485
Metabola, 158, 174
Metagnatha, 161
Metamorphosis, 153-170;
of Hymenoptera, 497;
of nervous system, 495 f.
Metanotum, 88
Metapodeon, 491
_Methone_, 200;
_M. anderssoni_, 305, 306
Miall, on imaginal discs, 165, 167;
on unicellular glands, 142
Miall and Denny, on pericardial tissue, 135;
on epithelium of stomach, 126;
on spermatheca of cockroach, 228;
on stigmata, 111;
on stomato-gastric nerves, 120
_Miamia bronsoni_, 449
_Microcentrum retinerve_, 313, 314, 320
_Microgaster_, 559;
_M. fulvipes_, 560;
_M. globatus_, 560
Micropterism, 339, 394, 405 f., 484
Micropyle, 145;
apparatus, 404
Migration, 293, 425
Migratory locusts, 292, 297
Millepieds, 41
Millipedes, 30, 40, 41
Miocene, 216, 258, 407
_Molanna angustata_, mandibles of pupa, 477
Mole-cricket, 333;
leg, 333
Moniez on _Anurida maritima_, 194
_Monodontomerus_, 532;
_M. cupreus_, 543;
_M. nitidus_, 544
_Monomachus_, 563 {577}
Monomorphic ant, 498
Monotrochous trochanters, 494, 520, 564, 565
_Mordella_ eye, 98
_Mormolucoides articulatus_, 449
Morton, on gills of Trichoptera, 483;
on Perlidae, 406
Moult, 156
Moulting, 437;
of external parasite, 556
Mouth-parts, of dragon-fly, 411;
of dragon-fly nymph, 420;
atrophied, 430
Müller, Fritz, on caddis-flies, 482 f.;
on fig-Insects, 549;
on Termites, 358, 360, 374, 381, 382
Müller, J., on anatomy of Phasmidae, 262
Murray, on _Phyllium scythe_, 263; on
post-embryonic development of Orthoptera, 265
_Musca_, metamorphosis, 163, 167
Muscles, 115
Music, of _Locusta_, 318;
of Tananá, 319;
of Katydids, 319
—see also Phonation
Mylacridae, 239
Mymarides, _537_, 538
Myoblast, 149
Myriapoda, 27, _42_, _74_;
definition, 29;
as food, 31;
habits, distribution, and breeding, 29-40;
locomotion, 40;
names for, 41;
classification, _42-47_;
structure, 47-63;
embryology, 63-72;
fossil, 72-77;
affinities, 78
_Myrmecoleon_, 456
_Myrmecophana fallax_, 323
Myrmecophilides, _340_
_Myrmeleo_, 456
_Myrmeleon_, 456;
_M. europaeus_, 457;
_M. formicarius_, 455, 457;
_M. nostras_, 457;
_M. pallidipennis_, 456
Myrmeleonides, _454_ f.

NASUTI, 370
_Necrophilus arenarius_, 462
Necroscides, _278_
Needham on locusts at sea, 297
_Nematus_, 514;
_N. curtispina_, 498
_Nemobius sylvestris_, 339
_Nemoptera ledereri_, 462;
_N._ larva, 462
Nemopterides, _462_
_Nemoura_, 401;
_N. glacialis_, 405
Neoteinic Termites, 362, 380
Nervous system, 116
Nervures, 107, 108, 206;
of Psocidae, 393;
of Embiidae, 352;
of Termitidae, 359
Neuroptera, _172_, _341_-485;
N. amphibiotica, _342_;
N. planipennia, _342_
Neuropteroidea, 486
_Neuroterus lenticularis_, 523
Neuters, 137
Newman on abdomen, 491
Newport on _Anthophorabia_, 545;
on _Monodontomerus_, 544;
on _Paniscus_, 555;
on _Pteronarcys_, 399 f.;
on turnip sawfly, 515
Nicolet on Smynthuridae, 191
Nietner on Psocidae, 395
_Nirmus_, 346 f.
Nitzsch, on Mallophaga, 346 f.;
on Psocidae, 392
_Nocticola simoni_, 232
Nodes, 493
Nodus, 413
_Nomadina_, _565_
Notophilidae, _45_
_Notophilus_, 45
Notum, 91, 100
Number of species, of Insects, 83, 171, 178;
of Cephidae, 506;
of Chalcididae, 539;
of gall-flies, 533;
of Hymenoptera, 503;
of Parasitica, 520;
of Ichneumonidae, 551;
of Odonata, 424;
of Orthoptera, 201;
of earwigs, 215;
of cockroaches, 236;
of Mantidae, 258;
of Phasmidae, 272;
of migratory locusts, 297;
of Perlidae, 407;
of Psocidae, 395;
of sawflies, 518
Nurseries of Termites, 387
Nusbaum on embryology, 149, 152
Nyctiborides, _240_
Nymph, 157;
of dragon-fly, 418, 419, 420, 422, 426;
of Ephemeridae, 432 f., 432, 433, 434, 435, 436
Nymphidina, 465, 472
Nyssonides, 565

OAK-GALLS, 527
Occiput, 94
Ocelli, 97, 282, 313, 400, 409, 430;
variation in, 267, 536
Odonata, _409_ f.
_Odontocerum albicorne_, case of, 480
_Odontura serricauda_, 316
Oecanthides, _340_
_Oecanthus_, 339
_Oecodoma_—see _Atta_
Oedipodides, 304, _309_
Oenocytes, 137
Oesophageal "bone," 391
Oesophageal nervous ring, 118, 121
Oesophagus, 114, 124, 403
Oestropsides, _482_
Oligonephria, 175
_Oligoneuria garumnica_, nymph, 434
_Oligotoma michaeli_, 351, 354;
_O. saundersi_, 352;
_O. insularis_, 354
Ommatidium, 98
_Oniscigaster wakefieldi_, 442
Ontogeny, 153
Oolemm, 144
Oolitic, 239
Ootheca of _Mantis_, 246, 247
_Ophionellus_, _563_
Ophionides, _557_
_Opisthocosmia cervipyga_, 215
Orders, 172 {578}
Orientation, 112
Origin of wings, 206
Orl-fly, 445
Ormerod, Miss, on importation of locusts, 299
Ornament, 200, 215, 233 f., 243, 244, 282, 302, 313, 339
_Orphania denticauda_, 321
_Orthodera ministralis_, 249
Orthoderides, 251, _259_
_Orthophlebia_, 453
Orthoptera, _172_, 198-340, 407
Oryssidae, _506_
_Oryssus abietinus_, 506;
_O. sayi_, 506
Osborn on _Menopon_, 350
Osmylides, _466_
Osmylina, _466_
_Osmylus chrysops_, 341;
larva, 466;
_O. maculatus_, 466
Osten Sacken on similar gall-flies, 532
Ostia, 48 f., 133, 435
Oudemans on Thysanura, 182
Oustalet on Odonata, 422, 423
Outer margin of wing, 108
Ovaries, 137, 138;
of earwigs, 211;
of _Oedipoda_, 283, 284;
of _Perla_, 404;
of Thysanura, 188
Oviduct, 139, 392
Oviposition, 229, 246, 265, 290, 291, 440;
of _Agriotypus_, 557;
of Cynipidae, 527 f., Adler on, 529;
of _Encyrtus_, 545;
of Ichneumon, 555;
of inquiline gall-flies, 532;
of _Meconema_, 321;
of _Pelecinus_, 564;
of _Pimpla_, 553;
of _Podagrion_, 546;
of sawflies, 513;
of _Sirex_, 509;
of _Xiphidium_, 321
Ovipositor, 110, 552, 554;
Cynipid, 524;
of _Locusta_, development, 314, 315
Owen, Ch., 40, 78
_Oxyethira_, 484;
_O. costalis_, larva, 485
Oxyhaloides, 234, _241_
Oxyura, _533_, 534

_PACHYCREPIS_, 550
_Pachytylus cinerascens_, 293, 297, 298, 299, 308;
_P. marmoratus_, 298;
_P. migratorioides_, 298;
_P. migratorius_, 298, 299, 308;
_P. nigrofasciatus_, 285, 298
Packard, on cave-Myriapods, 34;
on air sacs of locusts, 283, 294;
on classification, 173;
on development of _Diplax_, 419;
on may-flies, 430;
on metamorphosis of _Bombus_, 497;
on scales, 397;
on spiral fibre, 129
Pad, 105
Paedogenesis, 142
Pagenstecher on development of _Mantis_, 247
Palaeacrididae, 309
Palaeoblattariae, 239
_Palaeoblattina douvillei_, 238 f.
_Palaeocampa_, 73
Palaeodictyoptera, 486
Palaeomantidae, 259
Palaeontology, 178
_Palaeophlebia superstes_, 427
Palaeozoic, Myriapods, 76;
Insects, 343, 486
_Palingenia bilineata_, 430;
_P. feistmantelii_, 443;
_P. papuana_, 441;
_P. virgo_, 431
Palmén, on dragon-fly nymphs, 423;
on Ephemeridae inflation, 439;
on gills of Perlidae, 402;
on rectal gills, 422;
on tracheal system of immature Ephemeridae, 436
_Palmon_, 546
Palmula, 105
_Palophus centaurus_, 275
_Palpares_, 454
Palpiger, 95
Palpus, 95;
of _Pieris brassicae_, 122
_Pambolus_, 561
Pamphagides, 303, _310_
_Panchlora viridis_, 229
Panchlorides, _241_
Panesthiides, _241_
_Paniscus virgatus_ larva, 555 f.
_Panorpa_, 450, 453;
leg, 104;
_P. communis_, 449;
larva, 452
Panorpatae, _175_, 453
Panorpidae, _449_, 451
Pantel on phonation of _Cuculligera_, 304
Papiriidae, _191_
Paraderm, 164
Paraglossa, 95, 96, 96
Parapteron, 100, 101, 102
Parasites, 540 f., 543;
external, 555
Parasitica, _520_, _521_
Parasitism, 521 f., 535, 559, 560
Parthenogenesis, 141, 481, 497, 516 f. 530 f., 547;
utility, 517
Passalidae, mandibles, 95
Patagia, 102, 103
Patagonia, 459
Paunch, 348, 360, 446, 448
Paurometabola, 158, 199
Pauropidae, 33, 42, _47_
Pauropoda, _47_, 57, 77, 79;
structure, 62
_Pauropus_, 47
Pazlavsky on bedeguar, 527
Pedicellate, 519
Pedunculate body, 495
Pelecinidae, _563_
_Pelecinus polyturator_, 563
_Pelopaeus spinolae_ foot, 105, 106
Perez on Termes, 366, 382
_Perga lewisii_, 517
Periblast, 149
Pericardial septum, 134;
sinus, 134;
tissue, 135
_Peringueyella jocosa_, 325
_Peripatus_, 1, 6, 23, 77, 79;
tracheae, 3, 14, 15;
affinities, 4;
external features, 5;
head, 6; {579}
tail, 6;
colour, 6;
jaws, 7;
legs, 8;
habits, food, 9;
breeding, 10, 19;
alimentary canal, 11;
nervous system, 12, 22;
body-wall, 13;
muscles, vascular system, 15;
haemocoele, 22, 23;
body-cavity, 16, 22;
nephridia, 16, 17, 22;
reproductive organs, 18;
development, 10, 19, 20, 22;
species, _23_;
distribution, 24-26
_Periplaneta americana_, 236;
_P. australasiae_, 221, 236, 239
Periplanetides, _241_
Perisphaeriides, _241_
_Perla_, anatomy, 403 f.;
nymph, 400;
_P. cephalotes_, 406;
_P. maxima_, 400, 406;
_P. parisina_, 399
Perlidae, _398_ f.
Perris on _Termes_, 366, 374
_Petasia_, 303
Petiolata, 496, 503, _519_
Petiolate, 519
Petiole, 492, 493, 519
Petioliventres, 503, 519
Peyrou on atmosphere in bodies, 131
Peytoureau on styles of cockroach, 224
_Pezomachus_, 556
Phagocytes, 137, 165
Phaneropterides, 323, _328_
Pharynx, 114, 124
Phasgonuridea, 311
_Phasma_, 276
Phasmidae, _201_, 407, _260_-278, _277_
Phasmides, _278_
_Phasmodes ranatriformis_, 324
_Philopotamus_, 483
Philopterides, 346, 350
Phonation, 200, 257, 302, 306;
of Acridiidae, 284, 304;
of Locustidae, 318, 319, 320, 324, 327;
of Gryllidae, 331 f;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 334;
of _Brachytrypes_, 332
Phosphorescent Myriapods, 34;
may-flies, 442
Phragma, 103, 491
_Phryganea grandis_, 422;
_P. pilosa_, pupa, 477
Phryganeidae, 398, _473_ f.
Phryganeides, _480_
Phylliides, 267, _278_
_Phyllium_, 262, 263, 267 f.;
_P. crurifolium_, 269 f.;
egg-capsule, structure, 271;
_P. scythe_, 267, 268;
egg, 270;
_P. siccifolium_, egg, 265
_Phyllodromia germanica_, 229, 236;
egg-capsule, 229
Phyllodromiides, _240_
_Phymateus_, 303
Phytophagous Parasitica, 522, 546, 547, 557
Pick, of death-watch, 391
Pictet on nymphs of Ephemeridae, 433
_Pieris_, palpus, 122;
instars, 156;
parasites, 561
Pigment, of iris, 98;
retinal, 98
Pillared eyes, 430
_Pimpla_, 553, 557
Pimplides, _557_
Pitfalls of ant-lions, 455, 459
_Planipennia_, _342_
Plantula, 105
Plateau, on marine Myriapods, 30;
on digestion, 127;
on sight, 416
_Platephemera antiqua_, _428_
_Platyblemmus lusitanicus_, 339
_Platycleis grisea_, 312
_Platycnemis_, 413;
_P. pennipes_, 413, 417
_Platycrania edulis_, egg, 265
_Platygaster_, embryology, 536
Platyptera, _174_
Platypterides, 259, 344, 428
Plecoptera, _175_, 407
Plectoptera, _174_, 442
Plectopterinae, _241_
Pleura, abdominal, 493
Pleuron, 88, 91, 100
Plica of earwig, 209
_Pneumora scutellaris_, 302
Pneumorides, 299, 302, _309_
Pocock on W. Indian Myriapods, 33
_Podacanthus wilkinsoni_, 272
_Podagrion_, parasitism of, 546
Podeon, 491
_Podura_, 194;
_P. aquatica_, 194
Poduridae, _190_
_Poecilimon affinis_, 200
Poisers, 108
Poison-claws, 36, 58, 60
Poletajewa, Olga, on dorsal vessel, 133;
on Odonata, 414
_Polistes lanio_, parasite of, 564
_Polycentropus_, 483
Polydesmidae, 34, 36, _44_, 76
_Polydesmus_, 36, 39, 44
_Polymitarcys_, 440
Polymorphism, 500, 536
_Polynema natans_, 538
Polynephria, 175
Polyxenidae, _43_, 53, 59, 77
_Polyxenus_, 33, 37, 48, 55, 72;
transverse section, 56;
sense-organ, 51
Polyzoniidae, _44_, 53
_Polyzonium_, 44, 48
_Pompholyx dimorpha_, _518_
Pompilides, 494
_Porthetis_, 280, 282
Post-clypeus, 93
Post-embryonic development, 154
Post-scutellum, 100, 101
_Potamanthus_, 433
Potts on _Mantis_, 249
Poulton on _Paniscus_, 556
Praescutum, 100, 101
_Praon_, 550
Pratt, on imaginal discs, 167 {580}
Praying Insects, 242
_Prestwichia aquatica_, 538
Primary larva, 542
Primary segmentation, 150
_Prisopus_, 272
Procephalic lobes, 97, 150
Prochilides, _328_
_Prochilus australis_, 324
Proctodaeum, 123, 151;
in _Musca_, 124
Proctotrypidae, _533_-538
Production of sex, 499
Pro-legs, 514
Pronotal wing-rudiments, 344, 395
Pronotum, 88, 100;
of _Xylocopa_, 490
Pronymph, 164
Propleuron, 100, 489
Propodeon, 491
Propodeum, 491, 492
Proscopiides, 299, _309_, 325
_Prosopistoma punctifrons_, 435
Prostemmatic organ, 195
Prosternum, 88, 100;
of _Vespa crabro_, 491
Protection, 513, 515
Protephemerides, 443
Prothoracic dorsal appendages, 443
Prothorax, 102
Protoblast, 149
Proto-cerebron, 118
Protocranium, 92, 93
Protodonates, 428
Protoperlidae, 408
Protosyngnatha, _75_
Prototracheata, ix, 4
Proventriculus, 114, 124, 125, 450
_Psalis americana_, 215
_Psectra dispar_, 466
Psenides, 524, 533
_Pseudoglomeris fornicata_, 235
Pseudoneuroptera, _342_
Pseudonychium, 105
Pseudophyllides, _328_
Pseudo-sessile, 493
_Pseudotremia_, 34, 35
_Psilocnemis dilatipes_, 413
Psocidae, _390_ f.
_Psocus fasciatus_, 390;
_P. heteromorphus_, 391
Pteromalini, _539_
_Pteronarcys frigida_, 398;
_P. regalis_, 402
_Pteroplistus_, 331
Pterygogenea, 175, 196
Pulvillus, 105
Pupa, 157, 169;
active, 448, 465, 473, 479
Pupation, of Chalcididae, 550;
of _Encyrtus_, 546;
of Proctotrypids, 534, 535
Pupipara, 143
_Pygidicrana hugeli_, 202
Pygidium, 205
Pylorus, 127
Pyramids of Egypt, 462
_Pyrgomantis singularis_, 252
_Pyrgomorpha grylloides_, 303
Pyrgomorphides, 303, _309_

Queen, 144, 361, 378

Radial cell, 524
_Raphidia_, _447_;
_R. notata_, 447;
larva, 448
Raphidiides, _444_, _447_
Raptorial legs, 242 f., 257, 463, 484
Ratzeburg, on _Anomalon_, 553;
on trochanter, 520
Ravages of Termites, 388
Réaumur, on ant-lions, 455;
on circulation of silkworm, 135;
on galls, 525;
on may-flies, 438, 441;
on sawflies, 512, 513;
on spheroidal condition, 164
Receptaculum seminis, 139, 404
Rectal, gills, 421 f.;
respiration, 435
Rectum, 125
Redtenbacher, on migratory locust, 297;
on wing, of _Oligotoma_, 353;
of _Termes_, 359
Reduviid egg, 145
Reflex action, 250
Reproduction of lost parts, 213, 265, 266
Reproductive organs of Ephemeridae, 439
Resemblance, of eggs to seeds, 265, 270, 271;
of one part to another, 208, 266;
of parasite to host, 532;
histological, 271;
of Trichoptera to moths, 484;
to bark, 251;
to flowers, 254, 255, 256;
to inorganic things, 253, 304, 307;
to leaves, 255, 267, 268, 322 f., 323;
to lichens, 253;
to other creatures, 235;
to other Insects, 197, 215, 235, 251, 274, 300, 301, 323, 324, 504,
513, 550;
to vegetation, 200, 260, 274
Respiration [and respiratory organs], 128-132, 431;
by integument, 483;
by setae, 435;
of nymphs of Odonata, 420 f.;
of Perlidae, 401 f.
Respiratory chamber, 434
Retinula, 98
Reuter on ventral tube, 192
Rhabdom, 98
_Rhipipteryx_, 337, 338
_Rhizotrogus_ egg-tubes, 138
_Rhodites rosae_, 498, 527, 528, 531;
larva, 532;
parasite, 539
Rhyacophilides, _483_
_Rhyacophylax_, 482
Rhynchota, _175_
_Rhyparobia maderae_, 237
_Rhyssa persuasoria_, 554
Riley, on caprification, 549;
on _Cephus_, 505;
on development of _Caloptenus_, 288, 289;
on galls, 526 f.;
on Katydids, 320;
on locust swarms, 293;
on _Microcentrum_, 313;
on ovipositing of locust, 290; {581}
on subimago, 437;
on _Thalessa_, 554
Ritsema on _Enoicyla_, 481
Ronalds on anglers' flies, 441
Roux on _Necrophilus_, 462
Royal pairs, 377
Rühl on earwig, 213

SACS—see Air Sacs
Sagides, _328_
Salivary glands, 124, 126, 187, 210, 228, 246, 283, 335, 348, 353, 403,
414, 495;
of _Peripatus_, 11;
of Myriapods, 48, 49
Salivary receptacle, or reservoir, 126, 228, 246, 335, 348, 360
Saltatoria (Orthoptera), _201_
Sandwich Islands—see Hawaiian Islands
Saunders, Sir Sydney, on _Scleroderma_, 536;
on caprification, 548
Saussure, H. de—see De Saussure
Savage on Termites, 368
Saw, 493, 512
Sawflies—see Tenthredinidae
Scales, 185, 189, 397
_Scapteriscus_, 334
_Scelimena_, 301
Schindler on Malpighian tubes, 246;
of _Gryllotalpa_, 335
_Schistocerca peregrina_, 298;
development, 287;
_S. americana_, 298, 308
_Schizodactylus monstrosus_, 325
Schizophthalmi, 459
Schizotarsia, 35, _46_, 57, 58, 70, 75;
structure, 59
Schletterer on parasitic Hymenoptera, _562_, _563_
Sclerite, 91
_Scleroderma_, 536
_Scolia_, ovaries, 138
_Scolopendra_, 30, 31, 32, 41, 78
_Scolopendrella_, 47, 61
Scolopendrellidae, 33, 42, _46_
Scolopendridae, 31, 33, 39, _45_, 75;
spermatophores, 39
Scorpion-flies, 449 f.
Scudder, on grasshopper music, 287;
on Katydids' music, 320;
on locusts at sea, 297;
on reproduction of lost limbs, 265;
on fossil Insects, 486;
on fossil earwigs, 216;
on fossil may-flies, 443;
on fossil Sialidae, 449;
on Tertiary Insects, 179
Scutellum, 100, 101
_Scutigera_, 35, 36, 48;
sense organ, 51
Scutigeridae, 35, 36, 40, _46_, 50
Scutum, 100, 101
Secondary, 427, 472;
larva, 542
Securifera, 503
Segmentation, 149, 237;
of ovum of _Smicra_, 545
Segments, 88, 90;
number of, 87
Selys, De, on dragon-flies, 425, 427
Semi-pupa, 497
Sense organs, 121-123
Senses, 541, 544, 553
Sericostomatides, _474_, _482_
Series, 177, 201
Serosa, 148
Serrifera, 503
Sessile abdomen, 493
Sessiliventres, 492, 496, _503_
Sex, 498, 499, 500
Sexes, 137
Sexual organs, external, 141
Shaw on Orthoptera, 201
Sialidae, 407, _444_
Sialides, _444_
_Sialis lutaria_, 444;
eggs, 445;
larva, 445;
tracheal gill, 446
Silk, 127
_Silo_, parasite of, 558
Silurian Insect, 238
Silver fish, 186
Simple eyes, 97, 184
—see also Ocelli
Siphonaptera, _174_, _175_
_Sirex_, habits of its parasite, 554;
_S. augur_, 509;
_S. gigas_, 508, 510;
_S. juvencus_, 508
Siricidae, _507_;
parasites of, 563
Siricides, _510_
_Sisyra_ 467;
_S. fuscata_ larva, 467
Sisyrina, _467_
_Sitaris humeralis_, early stages, 159
Sloane, Sir Hans, on locusts at sea, 297
Smallest Insect, 537
Smeathman on Termites, 366 f., 381, 383, 387
_Smicra clavipes_ embryology, 545
Smith, F., on _Cynips_, 530;
on _Trigonalys_, 564
Smynthuridae, _191_
_Smynthurus variegatus_, 191;
_S. fuscus_, 192
Snow-Insects, 194
Social, Insects, 85, 361, 369;
Hymenoptera, 488, 500 f.
Soldiers, 370, 371, 372
Somites, 87
Sommer on _Macrotoma_, 163, 195
Soothsayers, 242
Sound production, 358
—see also Phonation
_Spathius_, 561
Species, number of—see Number
Spencer, Herbert, on caste and sex, 500
Spermatheca, 139, 228, 499
Spermatophores, 39
Spermatozoa, 140
_Sphaeropsocus kunowii_, 397
Sphaerotheriidae, _43_
_Sphaerotherium_, 43
_Sphex chrysis_, 490
Spiders eaten, 464, 465 {582}
Spinneret, 458
Spinners, 441
Spiracles, 89, 111, 128;
number of, 186;
of dragon-fly nymph, 423;
absent, 436
—see also Stigmata
Spiral fibre, 128
_Spongilla fluviatilis_, larva in, 467
Spontaneous generation, 525
Spring of Collembola, 191
Spurs, 104
Stadium, 155, 158
Stalked, cocoons, 560;
eggs, 469
St. Augustine quoted, 85, 565
Stein on _Raphidia_ larva, 448
_Stelis_, parasitic, 544;
parasitised, 543
Stem sawflies, 504
_Stenobothrus_, 308;
sound-instruments, 284
Stenodictyopterides, _344_
Stenopelmatides, 321, _329_
_Stenophasmus ruficeps_, 561
_Stenophylla cornigera_, 257, 258
Stephanidae, _561_
_Stephanus_, 562
Sternum, 91, 100
St. Helena, 389
Stick-Insects, 260
Stigma of wing, 524, 534
Stigmata, 88, 89, 111, 204;
position, 493;
on head, 193;
S. repugnatoria, 36
—see also Spiracles
_Stilopyga orientalis_, 223, 228, 231, 236
Sting, 493;
and ovipositor, 534
Stink-flies, 469
Stink-glands, 31, 125, 210, 264, 335
Stipes, 95
Stoll on spectres, etc., 254
Stomach, 114, 124, 125
Stomato-gastric nerves, 120, 121
Stomodaeum, 123, 151
Stone-flies, 407
_Stratiomys strigosa_ parasite, 545
Stridulation, 304
—see also Phonation
Stummer-Traunfels on Thysanura and Collembola, 189
St. Vincent, island of, 461
Styles, 224, 238
Sub-imago, 429, 437
Sub-Order, 177
Subulicornia, _426_
Sucking spears, 466, 467, 470, 471
Suctorial mandibles, 453, 456
Super-Orders, 177
Supplementary Ichneumon-flies, _558_
Supra-oesophageal ganglion, 117
Sutures, 92
Swarms: of locusts, 292-299;
of may-flies, 441;
of Termites, 362
Sympathetic nervous system, 120;
absent, 353
_Symphrasis varia_, 465
Symphyla, 42, _46_, 77, 79;
structure, 61
Symphyta, 503
_Sympycna fusca_, 415
Synaptera, _175_
_Synergus_, 531
Syngnatha, _44_

Tananá, 319
_Tarachodes lucubrans_, 249
Tarsus, 88, 104, 106
Taschenberg on parthenogenesis, 141
Tausendfüsse, 41
Teeth, 95
Tegmina, 108;
leaf-like, of _Pterochroza_, 322;
of crickets, 331;
of earwigs, 205, 212;
of _Phyllium_, 269;
of _Schizodactylus_, 325
Tegula, 103, 108
_Teleganodes_, 442
Telson, 205
Temples, 94
Templeton on _Lepisma_, 195
Tendons, 116
Tenthredinidae, _510_-518
_Tenthredo_ sp., 489;
testes, 140
Tentorium, 99
Tepper on fossorial Blattid, 241
Terebrantia, _520_
Tergum, 91, 100
_Termes_ sp., 378;
_T. lucifugus_, 359, 360, 364, 365, 373, 374;
_T. mossambicus_, 356;
_T. bellicosus_, 366, 371;
trophi, 357;
cell of, 367;
_T. occidentis_, 371;
_T. armiger_, 371;
_T. tenuis_, 389;
_T. cingulatus_, 371;
_T. dirus_, 371;
_T. debilis_, 371;
_T. viarum_, 383
Termitarium, 386, 387
Termites, 357 f.;
distinctions from ants, 502;
wings, 359;
anatomy, 360
Termitidae, _356_;
number of species, 389
Tertiary, 196, 216, 239, 276, 309, 340, 398, 427, 442, 449, 453, 472,
485, 533, 551, 558
Testes, 18, 49, 140, 404, 440;
of Psocidae, 392;
of _Stilopyga orientalis_, 228
_Tetrophthalmus chilensis_, 346
Tettigides, 299, 300, _309_
_Tettix bipunctatus_, 300
_Thalessa_ larva, 507;
oviposition, 554
_Thamastes_, 485
_Thamnotrizon apterus_, 316
_Thecla_ egg, 145
Thelyotoky, 141, 498
_Thermobia furnorum_, 186
_Thliboscelus camellifolius_, 319
_Thoracantha latreillei_, 550
Thorax, 99-103, 101, 103
_Thorax porcellana_ wing, 227
_Thyrsophorus_, 395
Thysanoptera, _173_
Thysanura, _182_ f.; {583}
distinctions from Symphyla, 61, 77, 79
Tibia, 88, 104
_Tillus elongatus_ larva, 90
_Tinodes_, 483
_Titanophasma fayoli_, 276, 428
_Tomateres citrinus_, 454, 458
_Tomognathus_, 498
Tongue, 96
—see also Lingua
Torymides, _547_
_Toxodera_, 253;
_T. denticulata_ 254
Trabeculae, 345
Tracheae, 128;
absent, 553, 555
Tracheal gills, 400 f., 401
—see also Branchiae
_Tremex columba_, 507
Trias, 449
Triassic, 239
_Trichijulus_, _76_
_Trichodectes_, 350;
_T. latus_, 349
Trichoptera, _342_, _473_ f.
_Trichostegia_, 480
_Tricorythus_, 434, 436
Tridactylides, _340_
_Tridactylus variegatus_, 337
Trigonalidae, _564_
_Trigonalys maculifrons_, 564
Trigonidiides, _340_
Trimen on _Trachypetra bufo_, 304
Trinidad, 501
_Trinoton luridum_, 345, 347
Trito-cerebron, 118
Trochanter, 88, 104, 491, 494, 520
Trochantin, 104;
of cockroach, 222
Trophi, 91, 94
Tryphonides, _557_
Tryxalides, 303, _309_, 325
_Tryxalis nasuta_, 279
Tubulifera, _520_
Tympanophorides, _328_
Tympanum, 285 f.
Tyndall on grasshopper music, 286

Ulloa, 33
Uroceridae, _507_
Useless wings, 199, 394, 484, 561
Uterus, 18, 392

Vagus nervous system, 120
Van Rees on metamorphosis, 162, 164
Variation, 536;
of colour, 252, 288, 304, 308;
in desert Insects, 305;
in ocelli, 267, 395, 536
Vatides, _259_
Vas deferens, 18, 140, 187, 392
Vayssière, on nymphs of Ephemeridae, 434;
on lingua, 438
Veins, 206
Ventral chain, 116, 187, 414;
of Perlidae, 404
Ventral plate, 148;
tube, 191, 192
Verhoeff, 38
Verloef [misprint for Verhoeff]
Verlooren on circulation, 436
Vertex, 94
Vesicula seminalis, 140, 392;
absent, 404, 414
_Vespa crabro_ prosternum, _491_
Vestibule, 112
Viallanes, on head, 87;
on brain, 118, 119;
on metamorphosis, 162
Visceral nervous system, 120
Vitellophags, 147, 152, 168
Viviparous Insects, 217, 229, 143, 218
Voetgangers, 295 f.
Vom Rath on sense organs, 122
Voracity, 250, 258
Vosseler on stink-glands, 210

Walker, J. J., on Australian Termites, 386
Walking-leaves, 267
Walking on perpendicular and smooth surfaces, 106
Walsh on galls, 531
Wasmann on St. Augustine's works, 565
Wattenwyl, Brunner von—see Brunner
Weismann, on caste, 500;
on metamorphosis, 162, 166;
on imaginal discs, 167
Westwood, on _Forficula_, 204;
on _Helicomitus_ larva, 460, 461;
on _Lachesilla_, 395;
on _Scleroderma_, 536
Weta-punga, 326
Wheeler, on Malpighian tubes, 127;
on embryology of Orthoptera, 199;
on embryology of _Xiphidium_, 321;
on vitellophags, 147, 152, 168;
on segmentation, 150
White ants, 356
—see Termites
Wielowiejski on blood-tissue, 133, 137
Will on brain of Aphididae, 118
Wingless: caddis-fly, 481;
earwigs, 205;
Insects, 345, 352, 356, 451, 488, 536, 547;
wingless Psocidae, 394 f.
—see also Apterous
Wings, 107;
origin and function, 394;
of Blattidae, 225 f., 227;
development of, in locust, 288;
in Trichoptera, 479, 480;
of dragon-fly, 413;
of earwigs, 206;
of _Ephemera_, 431;
growth of, 418;
of Ichneumon and _Bracon_, 559;
posterior absent, 466, 485;
wing-hooks, 494;
veins, 107
—see also Tegmina and Alar Organs
"Wire-worm," 29, 36
Wistinghausen on tracheae, 129
Wood-Mason on _Cotylosoma_, 272;
on mandibles, 95;
on Mantidae, 251, 253;
on _Oligotoma_, 352;
on phonation of Mantidae, 258
Woodworth on embryology, 146, 153
Workers, 361, 374, 488, 495
Wyandotte Caves, Myriapods in, 34

Xambeu on _Palmon_, 546 {584}
_Xerophyllum simile_, 301
_Xiphidium ensiferum_, 321
_Xiphocera asina_, 303
_Xylobius_, 73, _76_
_Xylocopa_, 494;
metamorphosis, 170;
pronotum, 490
Xyphidriides, 507 f., _510_

Yolala, 298
Yolk, 19, 64, 145, 152, 545

Zimmermann on caudal respiration, 435
Zittel, figure from, 276
_Zygaena_ embryo, 151
Zygopterides, _417_, _426_;
nymphs, 422

END OF VOL. V

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