Chapter XXI: Afterword (2)

Ancestors, 55, 59, 76, 82, 83, 92, 95, 115, 270, 280, 296, 304, 308,
309, 317, 349;
collateral, 76;
common, 55, 59, 83, 92, 269, 270, 278, 308;
direct, 76;
hypothetical, 308, 309, 317;
necessary priority of, 82, 83;
of man, 298
—alleged to be fish-like, 280;
tertiary, 270

Ancestry, 92, 280;
entails antecedence in time, 92;
of man, 280

Ancitherium, 76

Angiosperms, 72, 73

Animal, 242, 249, 307;
appetite, gratification of, 242;
as “reflex machines,” 249;
cave, 307

Animalism, 365

Animalistic man, 350, 352

Animality of man, not a modern discovery, 191, 192

Animism, 197, 198

Anisogametes, 157, 158

Anisogamy, 157, 158

Annelida, 117, 278, 280

Anomalies, 112, 303, 305, 319, 320;
anatomical, fluctuational, 303;
mutational, 303;
of spatial distributions, 112

Antagonism, 358;
between modern progress and Christian ideal, 358

Anthropomorphism, 236, 246, 250, 262;
Darwinian, 236, 250

Anthropologists, 318, 344;
foremost ones confess their ignorance regarding origin of man, 344

Antibodies, 14, 15

Antigen, 15

Antirrhinum, majus and molle, 88

Anti-vivisectionists, 236

Ants, 261, 262; leaf-cutting, 261

Ape, 245, 270, 272, 275, 285, 308, 309, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 345;
anthropoid, 270, 271, 272, 275, 309, 315, 317;
cranial capacity, 314;
descended from man-like ancestor, 285;
descent from, not a doctrine of science, 345;
embryonic skull of, 285;
foot of, 50, 51
—a hand functionally but not structurally, 50, 51;
fossil, 308, 313;
giant, geneological tree of, 315;
higher, 311;
its cranium, 271;
large, 315;
living, 308

Ape-like features, acquired adaptation, 330

Appalachians, 107

Appetite, 221, 235, 241;
rational, 221;
sensual, 235, 241

Appendicitis, 295

Appendix, vermiform, 295, 296;
useful, 296

Apple-tree, 6, 88, 161

Apterix, 305

Arbacia punctulata, 159

Arboreal life, 271, 308

Arca, 118

Archæan, 104, 117;
record, damaged condition of, 117

Archæology, prehistoric, 339

Archæopteryx, 86

Archæozoic, 104, 148;
times alleged to have been more favorable to origin of life, 148

Argument, 226;
no avail against fact, 226

Art, palæolithic, 340

Artefacts, 154

Artemia salina, 159

Artemisia absynthium, 248

Arthropoda, 61, 119, 261, 284

Artificial illumination, 340

Artistic attainment, high level of, 340

Artists, palæolithic, 335

Asia, 335

Ass, 5, 81, 304

Assimilation, 143

Association, 208, 235, 241, 242

Associationists, 208, 236

Astarte, 118

Asteroidea, 121, 122

Atavism, 303, 304

Atlantis, 114

Atmosphere, 148, 181, 183;
coronal of sun, 183;
formerly richer in carbon dioxide, 148;
of earth, 183

Atoms, 58, 144, 162, 165, 167, 170, 202;
structure of, 58

Atrophy, 285, 286, 288, 294, 299, 301, 302, 307;
due to misuse, 288;
somatic, 307

Attention, 208

Audist, 219

Aurignacian Man, 332

Aurora borealis, 183, 183 _note_, 184 _note_

Australian, 321, 325, 328, 330, 333;
blacks, 325, 333
—modern, have brow ridges, 328;
modern, 325, 330;
skull of, 321

Author of Nature, 193

Autogamy, 158, 159, 161

Automatisms, 238, 240, 262;
teleological, 240

Automixis, 161

Autonomy, 174, 202;
dynamic, 174;
vital, 202

Axiom, 223, 224;
of reception, 223, 224

Axon, 213

Azoic bottom, 125

Babylonia, 337

Bacteria, 135, 138, 183, 183 _note_

Barbarism, 337;
historically a state of degeneration and stagnation, 337;
not a primitive condition, 337;
no instance of spontaneous emergence from, 337

Bacteriologists, 183

Baltic Sea, 104, 105

Banana, 162

Basichromatin, 139

Bear Grass quarries, 106

Beaver, 247, 257

Bedding plane, 106

Bees, 257

Beetles, wingless, 306

Behavior, 249, 254, 255, 260, 261, 262, 263;
instinctive, 249, 254, 255, 260
—objectively useful, 254, 255
—subjectively agreeable, 254, 255;
concursively telic, 260-262;
consciously telic, _i. e._, intelligent 262;
unconcursively telic, 262;
must be perfect from outstart, 263

Behaviorism, degeneration of psychology into, 198

Behaviorists, 204, 250

Bestial man, 340, 342;
impossible, 340;
no traces of, 342

Bestial origin, 345, 352;
of man, 352;
of man, theory of, 345

Bestial soul, 114, 194, 213, 214, 234;
an emergent of matter, 194, 234 _note_
—not a product of physicochemical action, 194;
exists in the interest of the organism, 214;
incomplete complement of matter, 213;
material but not corporeal, 194, 214;
operates only in conjunction with organism, 213;
perishes with dissolution of organism, 213

Bible, 127

Biochemists, 179

Biogenetic Law, 48, 275, 276, 277, 278, 283, 285

Biologists, 2, 3, 11, 19, 29, 53 _note_, 190, 200, 257

Biology, xiv, 24, 196, 197, 205

Bion, 170, 171

Biophysicists, 179

Bipinnaria, 283

“Biotic energy,” 170

Bird of Paradise, 154, 353

Birds, 282, 296, 297

Bison, 331, 332

“Black Beauty,” 236

Blackberries, 25

Blindness, germinal and somatic, 306

Blue-green Algæ, 138, 149, 181

Body, 198

Bone cave, 340

Bone fibres, 317

Bos primigenius, 329

Botany, 31, 55

Brachiopoda, 117, 118, 120

Bradypus, 52

Brain, 274, 315, 316;
human, 274
—convolutions of, 274;
relative and absolute size of, 315;
relative size of, 316;
simian, 274

Brain case, 272

Brain cavities, below modern average, 329

Brain-fag, due to imaginative, not to intellectual activity, 228,
229, 230;
follows mere memorizing, 229

Branchial arches and clefts, 278, 279

Branchial lamellæ, 279

Breasts, supernumerary, 304

Broken Hill Mine, 340

Bronze Age, historic, 337

Brow ridges, 328, 330, 333, 341;
most pronounced of any human specimen, 341

Brute, 213, 233, 235, 236, 360;
destitute of freedom, morality, responsibility, 233;
its psychic functions, all organic, 213;
lumination of, 236;
our common origin with, 360

Budding, 156

Burial, 330, 335;
deep, 335;
makes age of bones uncertain, 335;
solemn, indicates belief in immortality, 330

Butyric acid, 159

Cæcum, 295

Cænogenesis, 277, 288

Cænozoic, 118, 119, 335

Calcium hydroxide, 145

Calicurgus, 263

Cambrian, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 116, 117, 118, 125;
Lower, 117;
terranes below, 125;
youthful appearance of, 104, 105

Canadian Shield, 104 _note_

Canadian survey, 108

Canal, alimentary, 293, 295, 301;
neural, 293

Canalization, 265

Carbohydrates, 145, 148;
production of, by plants, 145-148—not a synthesis,
146-148—analogous to process in animals, 146, 147

Carbon dioxide, 145-147

Carboniferous, 73, 92, 115, 118;
Lower, 92;
Upper, 115

Carnivora, 271

Catarrhine monkeys, 287

Catastrophes, 72, 182;
cosmic, 182

Catastophism, 67, 68, 98, 312;
new, 98

Caterpillar, 260, 264

Cats, 284

Causation, active and efficient, 171, 172

Cave rat, 307

Caves, 335, 336;
of France and Spain, 335, 336;
of Spain, 336

Cell-division, 59, 137, 138, 139, 155, 162, 163

Cell, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 155, 165, 168, 202, 301;
definition of, 137;
a multimolecule, 165;
cannot originate through exclusive agency of physicochemical
energies, 142;
fundamental unit of organization, 136;
germ, 156;
simplest of organic units capable of independent existence, 138;
simplest of organisms, 147;
somatic, 156;
submicroscopical components of, 141;
simplest form of organic life, 142;
vital, 142;
sperm, 137

Cell Theory, 136

Cellular continuity, 137, 141;
Fifth article of, 141;
Law of, 141

Centaur, constellation of, 184

Centers, sensory and motor, 251

Central neurones, 213, 222;
purpose of, 222

Centrioles, 140

Cephalic index, 329

Ceratites, 86

Ceratodus, 119

Cerebral cortex, 206, 213, 221, 222

Cerebral neurones, 222;
an extended receptor not proportioned to dematerialized abstract
objects, 222

Cerebrospinal system, 213

Certainty, 124, 125;
based on objective necessity, 124;
scientific, 125

Ceylon, 315

Chain-reflex, 250, 252

Chaldea, 337, 340

Chalk, 79, 86

Chance, 11, 151-154;
impotent to produce effect so complicatedly telic as an organism,
151;
its efficacy and impotence, 151-154

Change, adaptive, 53 _note_;
germinal, 42, 43, 68, 307;
kinds of, 42;
somatic, 68;
specific, 7, 23, 68, 88, 89, 307;
varietal, 7, 68, 88

Characters (somatic or external), 5, 6, 17, 18, 41, 62, 63, 87, 88,
121, 122, 278, 306, 334;
definition of, 41;
duplication and suppression of, 306;
embryonic not derived from adult, 278;
homologous and adaptational, 62, 63, 121
—distinction has no experimental basis, 62;
“inherited” and “acquired,” 41

Chapelle-aux-Saintes, 288, 331;
Cave of, remains, 331;
remains, 228

Chela, 61, 261;
of lobster and African scorpion, 61

Chemical analysis, 143, 144, 216;
destroys life, 143, 144

Chemical synthesis of living matter possible, 142, 144

Chemist, 151;
guiding intelligence of need in synthesis of organic compounds,
151;
necessity of regulation, 151

Chemistry, 142, 350;
physical, 142

Chemotaxis, 264

Chick, 255

Chimaeroids, 119

Chimpanzee, 33, 270, 314, 323

Chin, 319, 320, 328;
may be accentuated by a mutation, 320;
prominence in Spy No. 1, 328;
recessive, 320;
recessiveness of the, 319;
recessiveness and protuberance of, 320;
recessiveness, an acquired adaptation, 320;
receding, acquired, 328

China, 110, 337

Chinless mandible, not sloping backward, 332

Chlorophyll, 62, 145, 147, 148, 149, 151, 154;
chromogen group of, 148;
chromogen complex, 148;
colloidal solution of, 145;
not a “sensitizer” like Eosin, 147, 148;
regenerated from H₂O and CO₂, 147, 148;
“sensitizer,” 145

Chondriosomes, 140

Christianity, 359

Chromatin, 138, 139

Chromiole, 138

Chromosomes, 17, 21, 27, 44, 45, 139, 141, 157, 158, 159;
diploid number normal, 159;
diploid number of, 157, 158, 159;
duplication of, 17, 21, 44, 45;
haploid number of, 157, 158, 159;
homologous,
17, 21;
random assortment of, 27

Chronology, 98;
lithic, 98;
principles of, 98

Chronometer, palæontological, 135

Chrysothrix, 274

Cidaris, 119

Ciliate, 163

Circumstances, environmental, 250-252

Civilization, old, destruction of, 336

Classes, 37

Classification, taxonomic, not historical, 112

Clays, Pleistocene, 289

Cleavage, 154, 159

Cloaca, 281

Coccyx, alleged rudiment of former tail, 297;
serves purpose, 298

Cockroaches, 115

Coelenterates, 78, 118

Coexistence of impressions, not a companion of them, 208

Cognitive intellect, 220, 221

Colloid systems, aggregates, not units, 168

Colloidal, 141, 170;
substances, 141;
systems not analogous to organisms, 170

Colloids, 166-169;
hydrophilic, 168, 169

Columns, continental and submarine, 114

Commanchian period, 72

Commensal, 46

Commensalism, 52

Common stock, 39

Comparative anatomy, 279, 304

Complexity, “Law” of, 166, 167

Components, 138, 139, 141, 142, 168;
cytoplasmic and nuclear, 138, 139;
of cell, 141
—self-perpetuating, 168;
of protoplasmic system, 141

Compounds, organic, 142

Concepts, 219, 220, 221, 247;
abstract and general, 220, 247;
rational, 247

Conceptual thought, 219, 222, 223;
concerned with the reality of essence, 219;
excludes materiality
from its specific agent and receptive subject, 222;
not communicated to organism, 223;
subject in soul alone, 223

Conduction path, 265

Condyles, occipital, 272

Conformity, 105, 107, 110;
“deceptive,” 105, 110;
normal significance of, 105;
“upside-down,” 107

Conjugation, 157, 161

Consciousness, 198, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 211, 235, 238, 240,
248, 262;
and unconsciousness, 198;
attests existence superficially variable but radically unchangeable
subject of mental life, 206;
attests persistence of our personal identity, 211;
dependence of all science upon, 204;
etymology of, 205, 206;
its testimony to the reality of the ego, 205;
organic and spiritual, 199;
phenomenal, 198;
sentient, 235, 238, 240, 248;
testimony of, 208

Constructions, complex and systematic, not producible by accident,
53, 154

Consolation, 358, 361;
destroyed, 361;
eliminated, 358

Contamination of media, 135

Contiguity, 241, 242;
association of, 241;
law of, 241, 242

Continents, 113, 114;
permanence of, 114

Continuity, 350;
destructive as metaphysics, 350;
leads to materialistic monism, 350;
principles of, 350;
nuclear, 137

Control, 236, 251-253;
intelligent, 253;
psychic, 251;
rational and moral, 236;
sensory, 251-253

Consequences—socialism, anarchy, despair, 360

Convergence, 10, 36, 58, 59, 61, 63, 77, 78, 79, 80, 277, 283, 284,
287;
kinds of 77

Corpuscular, 174

Correlation, 90, 91, 93, 99, 101, 111;
Cuvier’s Law of, 90, 91;
stratigraphic, 93, 96, 99, 101, 111

Cortical, 294, 315;
area, 274;
surface, 315

Cosmic scale, 350;
Cosmogony, 181, 185

Cosmopolitan species, 73

Cosmozoa, 182

Cranial box, 272

Cranial capacity, 274, 315, 317, 322, 325, 332, 341;
absolute, 332;
human, 341;
large, 341;
of man and ape compared, 274;
relative, 317, 332

Cranial vault, more spacious in Spy No. 2, 327

Cranium, 118, 271, 321, 325, 328, 329, 331, 333, 337, 341;
dolichocephalic, 325, 331;
flat on top, broad in back, 341;
modern, 333;
human, 328;
of ape, 271;
of man, 271;
not subsequent to barbarism, 337;
Spy, 331

Creation, 67, 72, 186, 187;
defined, 187;
new, 67, 72;
simultaneous or recessive, 72

Creationism, 55

Creator, 72, 249, 298, 350

Credulous persons misled, 353

Cretaceous, 100, 104, 108, 109, 111, 118;
shales, 109

Crete, 337

Cretinism, 294

Cries, 246;
emotional, 246;
instinctive, 246

Crinoids, 119

Crossing, 4, 5, 19-21, 25-28, 88;
interspecific, 19-21, 26, 27;
intervarietal, 19, 20, 27, 28;
does not produce “new species,” 25-28

Crossover, 17, 26, 42

Crust, terrestrial, 113

Crustaceans, 117

Cryptorhetic system, 292-294

Crystalloids, 144

Crystals, 153

Crystal units, 144, 165

Ctenomys, 305

Cultures, 135, 309, 317;
sterilized and aërated, 135

Curved femur, acquired adaptation, 328

Cycads, 118

Cycas, 118

Cysts, 134

Cytodes, 138, 179, 207

Cytologist, 136, 141

Cytology, 137

Cytoplasm, 137-139, 141;
of eggs differentiated, 141

Cytoplasmic components self-perpetuating, 139

Cytosome, 140

Darwinism, 1, 5, 6, 16, 24, 29, 30, 32, 78, 79, 85, 263, 265, 285,
291, 325;
contradicted by history, 337;
obsolete theory, 29, 30, 349

Datura stramonium, 21, 22, 23

Death, 156

Deceptive conformities, 98

Deep sea bottoms, 113

Degeneracy, 15, 15 _note_, 18, 336

Degradation of energy, 162, 163, 180;
implies beginning of life, 180;
law of, 162, 163

Delitzch, 118

Dependence, 217, 218, 221, 231;
direct, of psycho-organic functions on organism, 231;
incompatible with spirituality, 218;
intrinsic on matter, 218;
objective, not subjective, 221

Descent, 67, 80, 87, 88, 267, 269, 274, 277, 284, 305, 308, 310,
312, 315, 317, 345;
collateral, 269, 308, 312, 317
—of man, 308, 317
—theory of, 269, 312;
common, 269, 315
—reference of, 269;
direct, Darwin’s theory of, 274;
from ape, theory of, 274;
human, 317, 345
—from pithecoid primates, not a historical fact, 345
—theory of, 269;
lineal, 269, 305, 308, 309, 317
—a chain of creatures, 305
—from ape, theory of, 269
—upheld by Darwin, 269;
of man, 308, 310;
theory of, 80, 277

Deterioration of organism does not always involve deterioration of
superorganic powers, 230

Devonian, 62, 99, 103, 106;
Middle, 106

De-Vriesianism, 23, 24, 29, 263, 265, 266, 349

Diester, phytyl-methyl, 147

Differences, 9, 12, 13, 16, 28, 37, 46, 81, 82, 84, 86, 89, 121,
171, 236, 237, 271, 272, 273, 320, 331, 333, 334, 359;
anatomical, between
Homo primigenius and Homo sapiens, 331, 334
—between man and ape, 271-273;
between living and lifeless, 171;
fluctuational, 121;
generic, 37, 46, 82, 84, 86;
individual, 16
—alleged summation of, 9, 20, 29;
major, 9, 37, 46, 320
—relative and absolute, 37;
minor, 9, 37, 46, 320;
mutational, 121, 334;
ordinal, 46;
psychological, between man and brute, 236, 237, 359, 360
—amount to a distinction of kind, 236, 237, 359, 360;
specific, 12, 13, 28, 37, 46, 81, 84, 86, 333, 334;
varietal, 46

Differential threshold, law of, 227

Differentiation, 284

Diffusion of venom, 264, 265

Digestion, stimulates lymphatic glands, 301

Dileptus gigas, 138, 174

Diluvium, European, 345

Dinoflagellata, 118

Dinosaurs, 100, 271

Diphasic, 134

Diploid forms, 44, 45, 47

Dipnoan, 119

Diptera, 48, 49

Discernment, 240

Discina, 118

Disconformity, non-evident, 105

Discrimination, 208

Discursive analysis, 243, 244

Disease germs, 141, 169, 170, 216;
invisible, identified by the pathological effects, 216;
submicroscopic, 141, 169, 170

Disintegration, atomic, 163

Dispersing medium, 168

Dissociation, 235, 242

Distributed nucleus, 138

Distribution, 92, 99, 100, 112, 113, 115;
chronological, 92;
geographical, hard to distinguish from chronological, 99, 100;
of plants and animals, 115;
spatial, anomalies of, 112, 113

Disuse, 286, 288, 290, 305, 306;
effects, alleged of, 288

Divergence, 9, 36, 39, 57

Divine action, vivifying matter, not a miracle, 187, 188

Dog, 248, 255, 287

Dogmatism, evolutionary, 360

Dolphins, 80

Domination of intellect and will over organic powers, 235

Doubt, “scientific,” 198

Dragonflies, 115

Drone, 158

Drosophila, 17, 18, 19, 27, 85, 86;
melanogaster, 85, 86
—gradations in eye-color, wing-length and pigmentation of, 85, 86

Dryopithecus, 270, 310, 311, 323, 345;
dentition of, 311, rhenanus, teeth, human-like, 323

Dualism, 174, 198, 199, 231, 233, 234, 351;
conscious and unconscious, of Descartes, 198;
hylomorphic, 174, 198, 231;
of emergence and resistance, 233, 234 _note_;
of potency and act, 199;
psychic and physical, of Descartes, 198;
psychophysical, 198, 231

Duckbill, 287

Duplication, 44, 45, 305;
chromosomal, 44, 45;
of organs, 305

Dynamic, 206

Ear, 302, 304;
helix of, 304

Earth columns, 113

Earthworm, 250, 280

East Indies, 118

Echinodermata, 119, 121, 122

Education, 245, 256, 360;
responsible, 360

Educator, modern, 360

Effect, 176, 177

Eggs, 134, 156, 158, 159, 160, 255, 259, 278, 283;
of sea urchin, 159, 160;
unfertilized, 158;
reduced, 158;
unreduced, 158

Ego, 209, 210, 224;
the, 209, 210;
the thinking, 224

Egoism, 256

Egypt, 115, 337, 340

Electrolytes, 168

Electronic theory, 56

Electrons, 163, 174

Elements, radioactive, 180

Elephants, 111, 115, 315;
brain of, 315;
Siberian, sudden extinction of, 111

Elephas:
antiquus, 317;
primigenius, 326

Embryologists, 136

Embryology, 141, 275, 276, 308;
comparative, 276;
experimental, 141

Embryonic additions, 276

Embryos, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281;
alleged fish-like stage of, 279, 280;
human, 278, 280, 283;
mammalian, 281, 283;
vertebrate, 281

Emergents, 233 _note_, 234 _note_

Energy-content, 174

Emotion, 214, 231, 246, 247;
functions of sensual appetite, 247;
a psycho-organic function, 214;
organic function, 231

Emperor moth, 267

Emulsifier, 169

Emulsion, 139, 168

Encasement, 3, 4

Encystment, 162

End, 254, 259

Endocrine glands, 292-295, 298;
not functionless, 295

Endomixis, 161, 162, 163, 178

Endoskeletal, 36

Energy, 172, 174;
content, 174;
defined, 172;
kinetic and potential, 172

Energy-environment, 168

Enlightenment, 244, 245

Entelechy, 172-175, 199, 200, 202, 210;
definition of, 200;
Aristotelian sense perverted by Driesch, 172;
a constant in living units, a variant in inorganic units, 175,
200, 202, 210;
common to inorganic units and living organisms, 173, 174;
consubstantial with matter, 202;
entitive, not dynamic, 172, 201;
equivalent to static affinity or structural valence, 173;
inorganic, 174;
not an agent but a specifying type, 201

Entitive, 206

Environment, 6-9, 12-15, 42, 46, 152, 153, 174, 180-182, 261, 307;
cosmic, of life, 180, 181;
internal, 14, 15;
not a mechanism for molding organisms, 152, 153

Environmental conditions, 15, 16, 68, 123, 284

Environmental stimulus, 255

Enzymes, 143

Eoanthropus, 320, 322, 323, 342;
a combination of simian and human remains, 342;
Dawsoni, 320-323, 342;
jaw older than cranium, 322

Eocene, 115, 309, 313, 317;
Lower, 313;
Middle, 115

Eoliths, 154, 321

Eosin, a sensitizer, 147

Epeira, 248, 249

Epicyclic subterfuges, 110

Epigenesis, 3, 4

Epiphysis, 292

Equus, 5, 95, 113;
American and European, 113;
asinus, 5;
caballus, 5

Erosion, 105, 109

Eskimo, 330, 338;
language more complex than English, 338

Euphemisms, 351

Europe, 112, 113, 335

Eurypterids, 117

Events, 208

Evolution (active and passive) of life from inorganic matter, 132,
133

Evolution (alleged) of human soul, 194, 195, 268, 352

Evolution (alleged) of human body, 268, 309, 343

Evolution, xi-xiv, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 17, 19, 20, 21, 28, 29, 31, 32,
34, 43, 44, 45, 63, 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79, 80, 83, 86, 90,
92, 97, 105, 116, 117, 123, 124, 125, 131, 193, 194, 267, 268,
291, 297, 304, 309, 325, 335, 339, 349-361;
aspects, moral and social, of, 353-361;
causes of, 2, 6;
evidence for, experimental, 3, 7, 8, 17, 28
—inferential or circumstantial, 3, 8, 125
—genetical, 8, 18, 28, 29
—zoological, 8, 34, 66, 76
—palæontological, 3, 8, 66, 74-76, 78, 79, 80, 83, 92, 97, 105,
126;
fact of, 2, 86, 124, 126;
heliocentric theory not on a par with, xii, xiii, law of, 1, 123;
monistic basis of, 349-353;
necessary as hypothesis, not as
dogma, xi;
senses of, 2, 74, 75, 131;
spirit not a product of, 193, 194, 268;
systems of, 1, 29, 31, 349;
Augustinian, 32, 74, 75;
Batesonian, 18-21, 43, 44, 79;
monophyletic, 69, 70, 116, 117;
polyphyletic, 70;
progressive, 44, 45, 116

Evolutionary thought, crisis in, 3, 29

Evolutionists, 279

Exoskeletal, 36

Expediency, 291

Experience, 238, 241, 253, 256;
learning by, 241;
sensory, 238, 253

Experimentation, 197

Eye, 60, 205, 217, 283, 298;
a corporal element intrinsic to the visual sense, 217;
an example of convergence, 60;
constituent part of agent and subject of vision, 217;
human, defective, 298;
not replaced by telescope, 205;
vertebrate type of, 283

Factorial, complex, 45

Factors, germinal (genetic, hereditary), 5, 6, 15, 17, 18, 19, 41,
42, 44, 45, 68, 122, 151, 152, 174, 207, 291
—diagnosis of, 122
—fractionation of, 19
—positive and inhibitive, 19;
environmental, 6, 41, 42, 68, 151, 152, 174, 207, 291
—blind, 151, 152
—of disuse and selection, 207

Facts, 205;
former cannot be formulated except with reference to ego, 205;
in terms denoting or connoting ego, 205;
intramental and extramental, 205

“Falsifications” of ancestral records, 276

Families, 37, 58;
chemical, 58

Family-tree, evolutionary, 58

Fats, 145

Faulting, 107, 108;
horizontal and vertical, 108;
“Low angle,” 107, 108;
normal, 108

Fayûm, the, 115

Feldhofer Grotte, 323, 324, 326

Felis leo fossilis, 319

Femur, 313, 316, 317, 324, 327, 330, 341;
not curved as in Neanderthal type, 341;
shows curvature, 327, 330

Ferns, 118

Fertilization, 42, 157, 159, 160

Filiation, 75

Finality, immanent law of, 174

First causes, 52, 71, 249

Fishes, 61, 270, 276, 279, 283, 296;
adult, 279, 283;
embryo of, 279

Fish-kidney, 302

Fission, binary, 156, 161;
unequal, 156;
multiple, 156

Fixism, 4, 32, 52, 69, 70, 72, 75, 119, 124, 268;
unable to furnish “natural” explanation of homology, 52;
uniformitarian, 69

Flat worms, 278

Flies, 134

Fluctuants, 87

Fluctuations, 10, 16, 29, 302, 333;
cause of, 10, 16;
instance of, 16;
non-inheritable, 10, 16

Fœtal life, special conditions of, 299

Fœtus, 301

Fonte de Gaume, 339

Foot-and-mouth disease, germ of, 183 _note_

Foramnifera, 118

Force, 172, 176;
defined, 172;
no special vital, 176

Forehead, 328, 330, 341;
higher, 328;
low, 341;
retreating, 330

Formaldehyde, 145-148;
not first step in origin of life nor in photosynthesis, 145-147

Formaldehyde-hypothesis, 145-148

Formaldoxime, 148

Formations, fossiliferous, 105

Formations, geological, 75, 84, 93, 95, 99, 100, 103, 105, 108, 118,
119, 126;
time-value of, 84

Formed bodies of cell, self-perpetuating, 168

Formose, 145

Forms, 246, 275, 276, 312;
fossil, sequence of, 276
—intermediate, 312;
grammatical, 246;
intermediate, none between man and apes, 275

Fortuitous result, 249

Fossil bones, 319

Fossil facts, 311

Fossiliferous stratification, universality of, 102

Fossil remains, human, 213

Fossils, 3, 81, 87, 88, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107,
110, 111, 112, 118, 309, 317, 334, 335;
dated by theory of descent, 334;
evade experimental breeding tests, 87, 88, 334;
no invariable sequence of, 99, 102;
reconstructed, 88;
still “medals of Creation,” 94;
time-value problematic, 98, 100, 101, 107, 110, 111, 112, 335

Foxhall Man, 309, 341, 342;
alleged to be Tertiary, 309, 341, 342;
flint implements prove intelligence of, 342;
no fossils of, 342

Freedom, human, 232;
of will, 232

Free will, a myth, 360, 361

Frescoes, 339, 340;
polychrome, 340;
primeval, 339, 340

Frog, 64, 281;
tadpole, 281

Fruit-flies, eyeless, 306;
vestigial, 306;
wingless, 306

Functions, 215, 216, 241, 276;
extrinsically dependent on organism, 215, 216;
sensitivo-nervous, 241;
superorganic, 215

Fundulus, 62

Future life, 354, 361;
a myth, 361;
of retribution, 354

Gametes, 13, 14, 25, 156, 157, 158, 159;
production of, 25;
specialization of, for kinetic and trophic functions, 157, 158

Ganoids, 119, 120

Gar pike, 119

Gastrula, 159

Gelation, 168

Gemmation, 156

Geneology, 95, 113, 348;
hypothetical, 113;
of horse, 95;
of man, 348

Geneological tree of man, 348

Genera, 3, 4, 37, 78, 80, 81, 86, 92, 119, 312, 313;
fossil, 3, 4, 78, 80, 81, 86, 312, 313

Generalization, power of, 261

Generation, univocal and equivocal, 68, 69

Genes, 17, 18, 19, 25, 27, 42, 43, 44, 45, 79, 141, 162;
inhibitive, 18, 19, 42, 79, 162

Genetic cellular continuity, law of, no exception to, 163, 164

Genetic continuity, 142, 160, 165, 311;
fivefold law of, 142;
law of, 136, 160
—may not prevail in submicroscopic world, 165

Geneticists, 89, 334

Genetics, 2, 3, 24, 36, 46 _note_, 56, 82, 88, 89, 121, 126, 141,
302, 305, 334

Genital distrophy, 294

Genotype, 5, 41, 43, 123

Geodesists, 114

Geological column, 106, 117, 125, 126

Geological record, 72, 80-84, 92, 106, 111, 120, 125, 126, 127, 297;
damaged, 92;
enigmatic, 126, 127;
incomplete, 72, 80, 106;
incompleteness assumed to explain absence of intermediates, 83;
time-value presupposes its completeness, 82, 83, 111

Geologists, 100, 102, 113, 114, 117, 125, 181

Geology, xiv, 98, 107, 111, 117;
can only prove local order of succession, 111

Germ, 13, 155, 156, 182;
multicellular and unicellular, 155, 156

Germ cells, 13, 14, 16, 156, 157, 163

Germ plasm, 14, 25, 26, 41, 42, 45, 265, 303

Germ tract, 14

Germinal constitution, 87, 123

Gerrymandering, geological, 116

Giantism, 44, 294

Gibbon, 271, 274, 310, 314, 316

Gibraltar skull, 322

Gill arches and clefts, 278, 279

Gills, 70, 279;
permanent, 279

Glacial, 104 _note_, 289, 320, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334;
deposits, 104 _note_;
epoch, 320, 332, 334
—middle of, 332
—close of, 332;
period, 289, 327, 329, 330, 331
—fourth or last, 327, 329
—close of, 331

Glaciation, 290

Glacier, continental, 287, 289

Glacier National Park, 108

Glaciologists, 289

Glands, 296, 304;
muciparous, 296;
supernumerary mammary, 304

Glaurus overthrust, 107

Globigerina, 118

Glucose, 145

Gluteal region, 273

Glyceraldehyde, 145

God, 180, 351;
admitted as hypothetical, 351;
Author of Life, 180;
impossible to prove existence of, 351

Golgi bodies, 140

Gonads, interstitial cells of, 292

Gondwana Land, 114, 115

Gorilla, 51, 270, 271, 272, 273, 314;
face of, 271;
skull of, 271

Gradation, 82, 87, 315;
morphological, 82;
of forms, 87;
series, 315;
temporal succession, 82

Gradual approximation, dogma of, 110

Grammar, “scientific” revision of, 205

Graptolites, 78, 100

Great Peacock Moth, 260

Grey Worm, 246

Grignard reaction, 209

Groups, 335

Gryphaea, 79

Guest, 49, 53

Habit, 8, 265, 266, 267, 291, 328, 333, 334;
automatisms of, alleged to be source of instinct, 267;
body-modifying, 333
—of squatting, 328;
modern, 334

Habitat, 99, 112, 182

Hæmoglobin, 148

Hallucinations, 235

Hallux, human, 50;
simian, 50

Halogens, 58

Haptophores, 57

Heidelberg Man, 318, 319, 320;
jaw anomalous, 319, 320

Hen, 259, 260

Heredity, 5, 39, 54, 88;
alleged cause of homology, 39;
biparental, 5

Heterogametes, 158

Hererogamy, 158

Hererozygous, 25, 26, 27

Histogenesis, 59

History, 337, 338, 339;
contradicts evolutionary assumption, 337, 338;
dawn of, 337;
proves primitive man to have been civilized, not barbaric, 339

Homœomorphy, heterogenetic, 79

Homology, 8, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 59, 60, 61, 63,
64, 65, 77, 268, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 287, 292, 298, 308;
definition of, 35;
anatomical, 276, 279, 284, 308;
application to man, 34, 51, 268;
disguised by external diversity, 48;
embryological, 48, 278, 279, 284, 308;
evolutionary argument from, 34, 47 _note_, 48, 54, 63, 64, 65, 268,
292;
genetic explanation of, 39, 40, 47

Homologous organs, 35, 61

Homo neanderthalensis, 333

Homo primigenius, 323, 330, 333, 334, 341, 342;
a variety, not a distinct species, 342;
same as Homo Mousteriensis, 330;
type, fluctional nature of, 341

Homo sapiens, 325, 330, 332, 333, 340, 342, 345;
only human species, 342

Homozygous, 25, 27

Horizon, 93, 94, 125, 310, 335;
level, 335;
stratigraphical, 93, 94;
stratigraphic, 125, 310, 335

Hormones 14, 292, 294, 295

Horse, 5, 78, 81, 82, 304, 332

Host, 49, 53

Hottentots, 325

Human, 224, 227, 256, 335, 341, 342, 345, 352;
fossils all belong to the species, Homo sapiens, 345;
mind
—alleged to be of animal extraction, 352
—reflects, 224
—spiritual, 227;
reason, 256;
remains more ancient than formations in which they are found, 335

Human body, 267, 304, 345;
evolution of, 267;
ignorance and uncertainty regarding origin, 345;
not a mosaic of heterogenetic organs, 304;
origin of, 345

Humanization of brute, subjective, 238

Humanizers of brute, Darwinian, 263

Human language attests reality of ego, 205

Human nature, 360;
Darwinian conception of, 360
—evils of popularizing it, 360

Human Soul, 193, 194, 202, 203, 210, 213, 214, 215, 216, 225, 231,
232, 233, 267, 268;
could only originate by creation, 267;
creation of, 193, 267;
discarnate, 202, 214
—not a complete person or nature, 202;
exists for its own sake, 215;
immortal, 193;
intrinsically independent of organism, 202, 215, 225;
not an emergent of matter, 194
—alone active in superorganic functions, 202, 214, 216;
same as mind, 203;
simplicity of, 210
—not to be confounded with spirituality of, 210;
spirituality of, 193, 203, 214, 215, 216, 231, 232, 233, 233 _note_,
268
—proofs of, 214, 215, 216, 231
—from rational thought and volition, 231, 232, 233, 233 _note_;
substantiality of, 210;
underivable from matter, 268

Hunter, life of, 328, 330

Hyaloplasm, 139, 141

Hybridism, constant, 25

Hybridization, 16, 26, 88;
interspecific and intervarietal, 26

Hybrids, 4, 5, 17, 25, 26, 27, 28, 84, 85, 87;
interspecific, sterile, 4, 5, 26, 27;
invarietal, 19, 20, 27, 28;
as intermediates, 84, 85

Hydrang, 44

Hydrogen, 175;
liquid, 184 _note_

Hydroglissia, 248

Hydrosol, 169

Hydrosphere, 113, 181

Hydrotheca, 78

Hydroxylamine, 148

Hyrozoa erroneously classified, 122

Hylobatic, 314, 316, 317, 318;
type, 318

Hylomorphic dualism, 198

Hylomorphic vitalism, does not discourage experimental analysis of
life, 201

Hylomorphism, 174

Hypogamete, 158

Hypertrophy, 289, 290, 294;
due to use, 289

Hypophysis, 292, 293, 294, 295;
not functionless, 294

Ice Age, 98

Ichthyosaurs, 80

Igneous masses, not basal, 125

Illusions, 235

Imageless thought, sense of term, 219

Imagery, 214, 215, 218, 219, 220, 221, 228, 229, 241, 243;
a function of the living cerebral cortex, 221;
association of, 241;
cerebral, 218;
concrete, 220, 221;
different in different persons, 219;
distributed by abnormal state of cortex, 221;
motor, 214;
neurographic, 243;
represents only superficial and exterior properties, 219;
rigid, correlated with metabolic process at work in cerebral
cortex, 228, 229;
rigidly proportioned underlying neurogram, 215;
sensible, presupposed by thought and volition, 221;
shows corresponding degrees of integrity and intensity, 229;
sporadic and fragmentary, 229;
tactile, 214

Imagination, 213, 221, 222, 228, 229, 231;
cerebral sense, 222, 228, 229;
its normal exercise depends on physiological normality of cerebral
cortex, 221;
organic function, 231

Imaginative activity, 229

Immortality, considered an anodyne, 358

Immunity, 57

Immutibility, 50, 52

Impenetrability, 225;
of matter, law of, 225;
reflection opposed to, 225

Improvised structures, 281 _note_, 283

Incubation, purposeless, 259

Independent Assortment, Law of, 27

Index fossils, 93, 94, 96, 97, 100, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,
112, 335, 339;
basis of stratigraphic correlation, 93, 94;
an arbitrary and elastic criterion, 94, 95;
final court of appeal, 93, 96, 97, 335;
in conflict with physical and stratigraphic evidence, 100, 104-112

India, 114

Indian dialects, work of philosophers, 338

Indian Ocean, 114, 115

Individuation, 220, 224;
concrete, 224

Indo-Europeans, 334

Industry, Mousterian, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331;
Acheulean, 331;
Aurignacian, 331

Inertia, defined, 174

Infusion, 193;
not supernatural, 193;
of spirit into matter, not a miracle, 193

Infantilism, 294

Inference, 221, 240;
mediate, 221

Infundibulum, 293

Infusoria, supposed abiogenetic origin of, 134

Inheritance, 2, 8, 9, 24, 27, 38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 56, 57, 62, 63,
64, 75, 160, 294, 320;
definition of, 41;
biparental, 160;
chemical theory of, 57;
laws of, 2, 24, 27, 42;
similifying process, 40, 45
—not only one, 56
—also said to diversify, 63, 64;
variable, 75

Inhibition, 242, 252

Initial vivification, 133;
act, 133;
of matter required a formative, 133;
rather than creative, 133

Inquilines, 46

Insectivora, 275

Insects, 225, 307;
evolutionary diminuendo of, 116;
wingless, 307

Instinct, 238, 240, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 259,
263, 264, 265, 267, 291, 343, 361;
defined, 255, 256;
James’ definition of,
249;
according to external circumstances, 250-252;
according to physiological state of organism, 250;
adjustment of, 250, 252;
constructive, 251;
effective only under normal circumstances 258;
evolutionary origin of, 267
—improbable, 267;
fixity of, 258;
improbability of, 267;
its regulatory principal sense, 254;
not gradually acquired, 263, 264;
not intelligence, 254;
only slightly undefiable, 256;
origin of, 263;
psychic regulation of, 249;
requires no apprenticeship, 256;
teleology of, 249;
telic, 259;
variability of, 250

Instinctive acts, 256

Instruction, 244, 245

Instrumentation, 197

Intellect, 220, 221, 224, 226-230, 339;
active, 220, 221;
activity of, 221;
cognitive, 220, 221;
conscious of its own operations, 226, 227;
indirectly dependent on physiological condition of cortex, 221;
its immaterial nature, 224;
objectively dependent on organic activity of imagination, 221;
not bound to material organ, 226;
not debilitated by intense thinking, 227, 228;
not incapacitated but invigorated by intense thinking, 228;
not regulated by physiological vicissitude, 229;
not subject to metabolic laws, 230;
rooted in a spiritual principle, 227;
superorganic nature of, 227

Intellectual, 228, 229, 230;
activity may reach highest points of concentration and intensity
without involving commensurate fatigue on part of organism, 228

Intelligence, 239-241, 243, 245, 247, 248, 249, 254, 256, 257, 259,
262, 263, 267, 329, 330, 340, 343, 350;
definition of, 239;
autonomous, 259;
a generalizing and abstracting power, 257;
“bestial,” 245, 247, 257;
conscious, 240;
deceptive semblance of, 240, 241;
Divine, 249;
etymology of, 239;
finite, 249;
genuine, 240, 241;
infinite, 248, 249;
incapable of being evolved from matter, 267;
inherent, 249, 256, 259, 267;
of worker bees, 267;
subjective or inherent, 248, 249;
used to denote power of profiting by experience, 239, 240

Intensity, 227, 230;
does not increase in same proportion as intensity of stimulus, 227;
may reach maximum with involving corresponding fatigue, 230;
of thought does not follow fluctuations of neural metabolism, 230

Interactionism, 206

Interaction, three types of, 175

Interglacial period, 329;
last, 329

Intergradation, 87

Intergradence, 84-87;
may indicate hybridism, 84, 85;
no argument for common ancestry, 84-86;
of mutants genetically independent, 85, 86

Intergradents, 85, 86;
hybrid, 85, 86;
mutational, 85, 86;
specific, 85, 86

Interjections, negligible part of human language, 247

Interpretation, ontogenetic, an alternative for phylogenetic, 302

Intervals, 105;
lost, unrepresented by deposition, erosion or disturbance, 105

Intravitous staining, 143

Introspection, 204, 205, 212, 225;
does not create personality, 212;
impossible to a material organ, 225

Intrusions, igneous, 125

Invertebrate, 293, 294;
stage, 293, 294

Involution, 160

Iron, 148

Irrational man unknown either to history or prehistory, 340

Islands, 153

Islets of Langerhans, 292

Isobares, 172

Isogametes, 157

Isogamy, 157

Isomers, 173

Isostacy, 113, 114

Isostatic equilibrium, 114

Jacob’s Cavern, in Missouri, 340

Java, 313

Jaw, 331, 340;
lower, 331;
lower missing, 340

Jimson Weed, 21, 22

Judgment, 207, 220

Jupiter, 184

Jura, 103

Jura, European, 96, 106

Jurassic, 117

Kena Kakoe, 346-348;
extinct volcano, 346

Kidney, 280-283;
adult, 282;
embryonic, 283;
fish, 280, 282;
mammalian, 280;
permanent, 281, 284

Kiluea, observatory at volcano of, 346

Kingdom, animal, 249

Kleistogamy, 159

Knowledge, 190, 191, 221, 256;
conceptional, 221;
experimental, 256;
technical, absence of, does not always disqualify, 190, 191

Krapina, 330, 332;
type of, 330

Laboratory syntheses differ from those occurring in organism, 150

La Chapelle-aux-Saints remains, 232, 330-333

Lamarckism, 6, 7, 13, 15, 16, 24, 29, 46 _note_, 53, 67, 78, 79,
263, 265, 266, 291;
recent revival of, 266

Lamps, 340

La Naulette remains, 326, 332;
alleged to be distinct species, 332;
absence of chin, 326;
allied to Neanderthal type, 326

Land bridges, 112

Language, 245, 246, 247, 330, 338, 339;
descriptive, conceptual and articulate, 246, 247;
first step in formation of, 245;
formation of, presupposes an artist as great as his works, 339;
human, 246, 247;
indicative, emotional and articulate, 247, 256;
of animals, 245,
246, 247;
of savage races point to former civilization, 330

La Quina, industry of, 331

Law, definition of, 166, 167

Law of Weber, 227

“Learning” of animals, 243

Le Moustier, 329, 332;
remains, 322, 326, 329, 330

Lemuroids, 275

Lemurs, 312

Lepontine Alps, 109

Lethals, balanced, 25-28

Lias, 119

Liberalism, 257

Life, 133, 142, 144, 145, 154, 165, 176, 177, 181, 182, 186, 187,
188, 203;
organic, definition of, 176, 177;
active cause of extramundane, 181, 182;
alleges submicroscopical units of, 165;
Author of, 186, 187;
conscious, 203;
initiation of, not a creation, 186, 187
—not a miracle, 187, 188
—not supernatural, 187, 188;
integrating and formative principle of, 144;
metabolic, sentient and rational, 203;
more than a chemical problem, 142;
origin of, 133
chemical hypothesis, 145
—not a problem of translation, 182;
spontaneous origin of, 154

Life-cycle, 69, 112, 138, 155, 156, 160

Lima, 118

Limit of microscopic vision, 140

Limulus polyphemus, 119

Lingula, 118

Linin, 139

Links, 84, 86, 312, 313, 315, 323, 341, 342;
connecting, 315, 323
—between men and apes, 312;
connecting, so called are (a) human, (b) simian, (c) mixed
remains, 342;
generic and ordinal, insufficient, 86;
“missing,” 341;
specific, minimum, 86;
transitional, 84
—none between man and apes, 313

Linkage groups, 17

Lithosphere, 113, 114, 181

Litopterna, 78

Living beings derive their matter from inorganic world, 123

Living matter, 143, 171;
its uniqueness, a simple fact, 171;
maintains its specific type, 143

Lizards, 292

Loess, 326, 327

Logarithmic spiral, 248

Locomotion, mechanism of, 270

Logic, 198, 220, 245;
of scepticism, 198;
of thought, escapes our imagery, 220;
saltatory, 245

Loss, 352, 353;
of artistic taste by Darwin, 352, 353

Lucina, 118

Lumpers, 37

Lumping, 121

Lychnis diurna and vespertina, 84

Lycosa, 247, 263

Lycosids, 247, 263-265

Lymphatic glands, stimulated by digestive process, 301

Lymphatic system, adjuncts of, 300

Lymphatic vessels, 300

Lymph nodules, 300

Lymphocytes, 300, 301

Lymphoid cells, follicle, 299

Macrogamete, 157, 158

Macrosomes, 139

Madeira, 306

Magalenians, 332

Maggots, 134

Magnesium, 146, 147, 148

Mammal, 46, 59, 60, 72, 73, 100, 115, 116, 275, 280, 282, 283,
296, 304, 324, 342;
age of, 342;
early, 324;
evolutionary “crescendo” of, 116

Mammalian stock, 82

Mammoth, 91, 115, 326

Man, 192, 193, 212, 236, 271, 290, 340, 341, 343;
bestial, 340;
brutalization of, 236;
destitute of instincts, 343;
face of, 27;
indications of his physical presence always accomplished by signs
of intelligence, 340;
left defenceless by nature, 343;
modern, 341;
more than a decaying organism, 212;
never found apart from evidence of his intelligence, 343;
physically helpless, 343;
skull of, 271;
unique
in his soul, not in his body, 192, 193

Mantids, 247

Marattia, 118

Mars, 184

Marsoulas, caves of, 339

Marsupial, 114, 296

Mason bee, 251, 254, 260

Mastodons, 115, 340;
“prehistoric,” engraving of, 340

Material, 193, 194, 207, 214;
functions, 214;
organism coöperates intrinsically in organic substrate, 224;
sense of term, 193, 194;
substance, inaccessible to senses, 207

Materialism, 178, 199, 212, 214, 236, 352, 355, 357, 358, 361;
a purely academic philosophy, 211;
attempt to gloss over, 207;
Darwinian, 236;
evolutionary, 360, 361;
its destructive effect on religion, ideals and morality, 361;
parasitic, 358

Materialistic, 207, 351-356, 357;
philosophy ignores active rôle of mind, 207;
view of human nature unnatural and intolerable—complete and
consistent application impossible, 357;
view make morality unthinkable—antisocial, 351-356

Material organ cannot be effected by the supersensible, 222

Matterhorn, 109

Materialist, 230

Materialists, many evolutionists are avowed, 351

Matter, 71, 173, 174, 179, 181, 186, 194, 199, 200, 204, 210;
a constant in inorganic units, 175;
a source of indeterminism, 71;
a variant in living organisms, 175;
constant in chemical reactions, variant in metabolism, 199, 200,
210;
does not coincide with sum total of reality, 186;
initial vivification of, due to supermaterial agency, 179;
inorganic, 181;
not more real than mind, 204;
notions of, 200;
ponderable and imponderable, 194

Maturity, 155

Mauer, 318

Mayflies, 115

Means, 254, 259

Measles, invisible germ of, 169

Mechanics, 350

Mechanism, 153, 154, 171, 179, 250;
environmental, 153;
teleological but simple, 153, 154

Mechanist, 58, 200, 204, 351;
many evolutionists are avowed, 351

Mechanistic universe, 350

Media, 136

Medium, vibrant, 213

Meganeura monyi Brogn, 115

Meiosis, 25, 42, 157

Melia, 261

Melocrinidae, 92

Membrana nictitans, 296, 297;
not functionless, 297

Memory, 213, 238, 242, 243;
associative, 238;
sensitive, 242, 243;
sentiment, 238, 242

Men, 318, 325, 328, 329;
and apes, link between, 318
—intermediate between, 318;
fossil, 325;
of Krapina, 325, 328, 329

Mendelism, 3, 24, 25, 26, 28, 42, 46, _note_, 57, 349

Mental protuberance, 272

Mental states, 205

Merosthenic, 270

Mesonephric duct, 281, 282

Mesonephros, 280, 281, 282, 284

Mesozoic, 73, 104 _note_, 118, 119, 335;
lowest series of, 119;
middle system of, 119

Metabolism, 57, 139, 210, 211, 227, 228;
destructive and constructive, 137

Metagenesis, 122

Metamorphosis, 123, 283

Metamorphism, 89, 126;
of rocks, 126

Metanephros, 280, 282

Metaphysical, 351

Metaphysics, 152, 185, 231, 349, 350, 351, 352;
Epicurian, 152;
monistic, 349;
vs. physical science, 352

Metaphytes, 136

Metazoa, 118

Metazoans, 136, 170, 284

Meteorites, 182, 183

Metista, 5, 59, 136, 156, 157, 159, 163

Microgamete, 158

Microns, 183

Microörganism, 169, 183

Microsomes, 139

Migrations, 72, 76, 112

Millennium, 358

Mimicry, 246

Mind, 195, 196, 198, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 222, 223, 249;
active and passive, 207;
apprehends material objects under dematerialized form, 223;
a substance, 207;
connotation of, 203;
cannot utilize coöperation of material organ in abstract
conceptions, 223;
frame of, 211;
human, 249;
of man alleged to be of animal extraction, 195, 196;
phenomenalistic notion of, 209;
science of, 197;
states of, not less real than states of matter, 204;
noumenal, 198

Minimum, 238, 349, 350;
an empirical rule, not an axiom, 350;
principle of, 238, 349, 350

Miocene, 95, 310, 323;
Upper, 95

Miracle, definition of, 187

Miraculous, 69, 351-356, 357

Mitachondria, 140

Mitosis, 59, 138, 139, 155

Modification, 7, 41, 42, 45, 46, 51, 77, 80, 123, 307, 327, 334;
adaptive, 45, 46, 51, 80;
environmentally-induced, 123;
heritable, 42, 45, 307;
non-inheritable, 334;
parallel, 77, 80;
product of variation, 41;
of specific magnitude, 7;
of varietal magnitude, 7

Moeritherium, 115

Molars, 313, 322;
teeth, 322

Mole, 36, 80, 291, 305

Mole-cricket, 36, 80

Molecule, 57, 58, 143, 144, 162, 167, 170, 175, 202, 203;
biophoric, 57;
complex, 202;
complex endothermic, 162;
living and dead, 143;
structure of, 58

Molluscs, 117, 118, 119, 123, 278, 283

Mongolian, 324, 325, 334;
cossack, 324

Monism, 350, 351, 352, 359;
destructive of culture, spirituality, morality, 350;
fail to motivate Christian morality, 358;
makes God immanent in world, 359;
makes will law unto itself, 359;
materialistic, 350, 352

Monist, 350

Monistic view vitiates artistic taste, 352

Monkey, 270, 275

Monomolecules, 165;
are not units, 165

Monotremeta, 296

Montana, 107 _note_

Moral consequences of failure to discriminate, 360

Morality, 354, 360;
evolutionary conception of, 360

Motor-verbalist, 219

Morphogenetic forces, 58, 284;
Laws, uniform, 284

Morphogeny, organic, 298

Morphology, embryonic and adult, 284

Mountain columns, 113

Mountains, 113, 153

Mouse, brain of, 315

Moustier Cave, 329

Movements, 241, 242;
reflex, 242;
spontaneous, 241, 242.

Mule, 5

Müllerian duct, 281

Multimolecule, 58, 144, 162, 165, 166, 168, 170, 179;
are not units, 165;
colloidal, 166;
crystalloidal, 165, 166;
not a link between molecules and cells, 179;
structure of, 58

Murder, as an experiment, 359

Muscles, 298

Mutants, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 87;
chromosomal, 17, 21, 22, 23
—balanced and unbalanced, 21, 22
—balance, odd and even, 22
—status as “new species” not established, 23;
factorial, 17, 18, 19, 20;
pseudo, 17, 27

Mutation, 16, 16 _note_, 26, 42, 86, 88, 122, 265, 303, 305, 307,
334;
changes of loss, 18, 43;
chromosomal, 17, 42, 44, 45, 88;
factorial,
19, 20, 42, 44, 45, 88, 305, 334
—a varietal, not a specific change; fortuitous, 265;
heritable, 16, 303, 334;
pseudo, 17, 42, 88

Mutation, 16, 20, 46;
Theory, 16, 20

Myxœdema, 294

Nahun beds, 95

Natural explanations, 69, 70

Naturalism borrows moral standards, 358

Natural process, 69, 74

Natural science, 186

Natural Selection, 9, 11, 12, 13, 29, 30, 152, 153, 305, 306, 350;
a theory of chance, 11, 350;
has no positive efficacy, 153;
theory has impeded progress of science, 13

Nature, 151, 185;
inorganic impotent to duplicate even laboratory synthesis, not
to speak of vital phenomena, 151
—lacks means of self-vivification, 185;
not automatic, 151

Nautilus, 118, 283

Neanderthal, 314, 315, 317, 325, 326, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 335,
337, 342;
bone, show some racial characteristics, 329;
cranium, 331, 332
—capacity underestimated, 333, not ancestral to Cro-Magnon type, 335;
not more ancient than modern type, 337;
remains, 325, 332
—human, 325;
skull, cranial capacity of, 314, 325;
type of, 330, 332

Neanderthal Man, 314, 315, 317, 323, 326, 341, 342;
distinctly human, 342;
a dwarf, 314;
No. 1, 323, 326;
divided opinion on, 324;
No. 2, skeleton, 326
—skull missing, 326

Neanderthal type, 326, 330, 332, 333, 334, 336;
alleged to be distinct species, 332;
alleged to be more ancient, 334;
degenerate, 336;
differences, 334;
race, 334;
no longer considered oldest type, 336

Neanderthaloid, 328, 333, 341, 343;
characteristics occur in modern skulls, 333;
race, 343;
skulls, modern features occur in, 333

Nebular, hypothesis, 181

Negroes, 334

Neo-Darwinism, 10

Neo-Kantian, 203, 219;
phenomenalist, 203

Neo-Lamarkism, 10, 12, 15

Neolithic, 332

Neontologists, 76

Neotoma, 307

Neo-vitalism, 171, 201, 202;
postulates a unique force, an agent “sui generis,” 171

Neo-vitalists, 58, 200, 201;
regard vital principle as force “sui generis,” a unique agent,
200, 201

Nephridia, 280

Neptune, 184

Nerve plasm, 265

Neurograms, 213, 214, 222;
extended, 222;
imprinted on neurons, 213, 214;
objects capable of stimulating an extended organ, 222;
objects of, endowed with concrete properties, 222;
proportioned to stimuli, 222;
physical basis of imagery, 214, 222

Neurons, 213, 222, 350;
sensory and central, 213;
utility of sensory, 222

New names for fossil duplicates of modern species, 119, 120

New Stone Age, prehistoric, 337

Nihilism, philosophical, 350

Nitrogen snow, 183 _note_;
reddish light of, 184 _note_

Non-cosmopolitan species, 283

Non-enents, 309

Non-opposability of human hallux, 50

Non-phenomenon or substance, 209

Non-specialist, when disqualified and when not, 189-191

Non-viable, 25

Novelty, emergent, 350

Nuclear components, self-perpetuating, 139

Nuclear reorganization, 155, 160, 161, 162;
a restorative process,
155, 161;
means of rejuvenation, 161;
none in somatogenic reproduction, 160;
periodic, 162;
primitive, 162

Nuclear sap, 139

Nucleus, 137, 138, 161;
cellular, 138;
daughter, 161;
distributed, 138;
germinal, 161;
parent, 161

Nucula, 118

Nutrition, a reflexive activity, 175

Object, 217, 223, 224;
concurrence of, extrinsic, 217;
indicated spiritual nature of mind, 224;
(material) abstract, made of representation, 224;
of abstract thought, incapable of making impressions or leaving
records on material receptors, 223

Occipital foramen, 272

Occiput, broad, 332

Ocean beds, elevation of, 114, 115

Ocean bottoms, 113-115

Ocean floor, 115

Octopus, 64

Œnothera, 16, 17, 27, 28;
gigas, 17;
Lamarkiana, 27, 28

Œsophagus, invertebrate, 293

Old Stone Age, 332, 337, 339, 340;
class of, 332;
prehistoric, 337

Oligocene, 309, 317

Onion-coat, 99, 102, 103, 109;
a convenient device, 109;
Alpine, 109;
hypothesis of, 102, 103
—“transcendental form of,” 102;
lithological and biological, 102;
mineral envelopes, 102;
theory, 99

Ontogeny, 39, 79, 275, 285

Oölites, 79

Opisthonephros, 280, 282

Opposability of simian hallux, 50

Opposition, 218, 219, 234, 235;
between imagery and thought, 218, 219;
between psycho-organic and spiritual activity, 234, 235;
entails distinction, 235

Orang-utan, 33, 271

Orders, 37

Organ, 222, 226, 276, 286, 287, 288, 292, 298, 300, 303;
embryonic, 276;
functionless, 286, 287, 292;
incapable of reflection, 226;
material, cannot be effected by the supersensible, 222;
nascent and rudimentary, 287, 288;
distinction, arbitrary, 288;
reduced, 286, 287;
vestigial, 292, 300, 303;
useless, 286

Organelles, 139

Organic activity, rigidly regulated by metabolism, 228

Organic functions, 203, 213, 215;
agent and subject of, not soul alone, 203;
not only functions in man, 215

Organic substances, 149, 150;
laboratory synthesis of, 149, 150;
not to confounded with living or organized substances, 150

Organisms, 154, 155, 163, 201, 202, 203, 246;
a product of the law of Complexity, 167;
multicellular, 155;
none subcellular, 154;
of some species, syntonic, 246;
participates as coefficient factor in physiological and sensory
functions, 203;
soul-informed, 203;
unicellular, 154, 163

Organization, 143, 150;
elude art of chemist, 150

Order, 209;
ideal, phenomenalists confuse it with real order of things, 209;
real, of things, 209

Ordivician, 111

Orientation of forces, centrifugal and centripetal, 179

Origins, 71, 83, 161, 220, 221, 360;
biparental, 161;
common, 81
—of man and brute, 360;
organic, need not be unified in space but should be in time, 71;
of concepts, 220, 221

Orneau, river, 326;
valley, 327

Ornithorhynchus, 59, 287

Ornithosaurs, 80

Orthogenesis, 6, 7, 46 _note_, 53;
cannot explain adaptation, 53

Osmia, 252

Outcrop, 93

Overthrust, 98, 107, 110;
a triumph of modern research, 107

Ovists, 160

Oximes, 148

Oxychromatin, 139

Oysters, 79

Palæobotany, 117

Palæolithic, 327, 328, 330, 333, 343;
artists, 343;
human remains, 330;
man, 328, 333

Palæontological argument, 66-127;
defects in, 75, 124;
in abstract, 66-75;
in concrete, 75-127;
a theoretical construction, 126

Palæontological evidence, 3, 8, 66, 74-80, 83, 89, 97, 105, 107,
124, 311, 312;
imperfection of, 89;
rated as outweighing physical evidence, 97, 107

Palæontological pedigrees, 3, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 126;
definition of, 81;
of horse, 76, 78, 81, 82, 126;
camel, 126,
and elephant, 126

Palæontologists, 76, 86, 87, 88, 91, 119, 190, 310, 313, 321, 334,
344;
incompetent to decide questions of specific origin or
distinction, 87, 88, 89, 334

Palæontology, 3, 82, 83, 88, 92, 95, 96, 114, 119, 126, 195, 311,
312, 313, 344;
facts of, 83, 195;
ignorant concerning origin of man, 344;
orthodox, 95, 96, 119

Palæotherium, 76

Palæozoic, 73, 108, 117, 118, 124 _note_, 125, 335

Palingenesis, 277, 288

Pan-Pacific Conferences, 344, 346

Panspermia, 182

Parallelism, 57, 58;
_vs._ divergence, 57

Paramœcium, 138, 161, 178;
aurelia, 138

Parasites, 46, 53

Parasitism, 52

Parathyroids, 292

Parent cell, 156

Parthenogenesis, 158, 159, 160, 162;
artificial, 159, 160
—not violation of law of genetic continuity, 159, 160

Pathology, 141

Patient, 176, 177

Pear-tree, 6, 88

Pebrine, 44

Pecking instinct of chicks, 256

Pecten, 118

Pedigrees, of genera, 84

Pelopæus, 260

Penguin, wings of, 287

Pentacrinus, 119

Perception, 208, 212, 253;
an act of, 208;
of personality, not personality, 212;
sensory, 253

Percepts, objective, 235;
sensory, 219

Periodicity, 56;
of elements, 56;
families of elements, 56

Peri Psyches, Aristotle’s, 196, 197, 215

Perissodactyla, 78

Permian, 104, 118

Persistence, 116, 119, 123;
cannot be subsumed under same principles as transmutations, 123;
its significance intensified by current theories, 123;
of types, 119;
of unchanged types, 116

Persistent types, generic and specific, 123

Personal identity, sense of, 212

Personality, 205, 211, 212, 238;
a unitary and uniform reality, 212;
alternating, 211;
based on unchanging principle, 212;
perception of, 212

Pessimism, 355, 357

Petit-Puymoyen, industry of, 331

Phæophytin, 147

Pharyngeal arches and clefts, 278, 279

Phase, reversal of, 168, 169

Phenomena, 208, 209;
phenomenalists’ substantialization of, 209

Phenomenalism, 207, 208, 211, 212;
a purely academic philosophy, 211;
identifies mind with “thought stream,” 212

Phenomenalistic school, 206

Phenomenalists, 203, 205, 206, 207;
inconsistently admit of physical phenomena while denying subject
of psychic phenomena, 206, 207

Phenotype, 5, 19, 25, 27, 41, 43, 68, 123

Philology, 339;
proves primitive man to have been civilized, not barbaric, 339

Philosophers, 220

Philosophy, 189, 190, 195;
in rôle of critic, 189;
in rôle of sycophant,
190;
materialistic, 195;
relation to science, 189

Phonetic elements, 246

Photosynthesis, 146

Phycocyanin, 149

Phylogeny, 39, 80, 122, 275, 276, 284, 285, 308;
human, 285, 308;
palæontological, 115

Phylum, 37, 38, 69, 116

Physical impressions, 213

Physical science, 352, 354

Physicochemical action, reducible to interaction between unequally
energized masses and particles, 175

Physicochemical forces, executive factors in vital operations, 201

Physiology, 350

Phytol, 147

Picotee sweet pea, 19

Piltdown skull, 320

Pineal eye, 292

Pineal gland, 292, 293, 295;
not functionless, 293

Pioneer colonies, 110

Pithecanthropus, distinctly simian, 342

Pithecanthropus erectus, 309, 313-318, 342;
cranial capacity of, 314;
a giant ape, 315;
existing casts inaccurate, 318

Pituitary body, 292, 293

Pituitrin, 294

Placenta, 276

Planarian, 278

Planetesimal, hypothesis, 181

Plantigrade, 272

Plastids, 139, 141

Platycrinidae, 92

Platyrhine monkeys, 287

Pleistocene, 78, 100, 104, 313, 319, 320, 325;
Lower, 313, 320;
Middle, 319

Pleurotomaria, 118

Plica, semilunaris, 297

Pliocene, 78, 95, 309, 313, 317, 323;
Upper, 309, 313, 317

Pluteus, 159

Polar body, second, 159

Polariscope, 144

Polymorphism, 122

Polynesians, 325

Polynuclear condition, 138

Polyphemus, the Cyclops, 293

Pompilids, 247, 248, 263, 264

Pompilius, 247, 261

Popular trust not to be abused, 345, 346

Postauricular muscles, 304, 305

Post-glacial time, 289

Preadaptations, 46, 47, 52, 53, 63, 124, 279;
adventitious appearance of, 46, 47;
divergent, 279;
entail modifications of specific magnitude, 47;
evolution as “natural explanation” of, 53;
inherited, 47

Pre-Cambrian, 100, 116, 118, 125;
terranes, 125
—extension great, 125

Preformation, 3, 160

Prehension, 50, 271, 272

Prehistoric, 337

Prehuman, arboreal stage, 309, 217

Presupposition, latent in materialistic logic, 186

Pre-tertiary, 312

Primates, 308

Primitive man, 338, 342, 343;
not irrational, 342, 343;
not a savage, 338

Primula, 19

Principles, 171, 172;
entitive and dynamic, 171, 172

Priocnemis, flavicornis, 248

Priority, 76;
a “sine qua non” condition of ancestry, 76

Process, 206, 209, 225;
divorced from agents, 209;
of reflection entails identity of observer and observed, 225;
subjectless and sourceless, of phenomenalists, 206

Prognathic face, 332

Prognathism, 325, 330, 333, 341;
of upper jaw accentuated, 341

“Progress,” 355, 359;
modern, 359;
of science, 355

Progression, 50, 271, 272, 317;
bipedal, 272;
modes of, 271, 317

Prehistory, undocumented, unreliable, 340

Pronephric duct, 281

Pronephros, 280, 281 _note_

Prophylaxis, 356

Propliopithecus, 309, 311

Prosthenic, 271

Protein, 140, 144, 145, 147, 151;
multimolecule of, 140

Proterotheres, 78

Proterotheriidæ, 78

Proterozoic, 104 _note_, 117

Protista, 5, 59, 136, 138, 156, 157, 163;
polynuclear condition not rare among, 138

Protoplasm, 141, 143, 144, 151, 160, 161, 175, 181;
dead, 143;
how reinvigorated, 160, 161;
invisible structure, 141;
not a chemical compound but a complex system, 142, 143;
persistent specificity of, 144;
ultramicroscopic structure of, 143;
visible, a picture of, 141

Protococcus, 151;
viridis, 151

Protons, 103, 174

Protophytes, 135, 136

Protoplasmic architecture, 174

Protozoa, 117, 118, 135, 136, 170

Psyche, 179, 200

Psychic, 198, 205, 230, 233;
and physical dualism of Descartes, 198;
functions, 205, 233
—of organic type, 233;
states, correlated with organic states, 230

Psychology, 196, 197, 198, 204, 205, 208, 211, 235, 236, 361;
alone competent to pronounce origin of man, 196;
as science of behavior, 198;
human, 235;
positive, 361;
reveals psychic activities as modification of abiding ego, 205;
sole science that studies man on his distinctively human side, 196;
vulgar, 236;
without a soul, 208, 236

Psychophysical, 198, 206, 236;
dualism, 198;
parallelism, 206, 236

Psychosis, 213, 235, 255, organic, 213, 235
—has for agent and recipient the psycho-organic composite, 213;
psycho-organic, 255

Physiological process not reducible to mere physicochemical
reaction, 199

Potency, 199

Purpose, 11, 249, 255, 258, 259, 298;
Divine, 249;
unconscious of, 255, 259

Purposiveness, 248, 249, 262;
no intelligence, 262;
objective, 248, 249;
unconscious, 248

Quadrumana, 296

Qasr-el-Sagha, 115

Quaternary, 98, 319;
Early, 319

Races, 334, 342

Radiation, pressure of, 183

Radioactive elements, 56

Radio-activity, 118

Radiolaria, 118

Radiometer, 183

Radius, shows curvature, 327

Ragweed, 16

Raft of Red River, 154

Random Assortment, 27, 42;
of chromosomes, 27

Ratio, body-brain, 317

Rays, 119

Reactants, 209

Reaction, 243, 252;
elementary, motor, 252;
historical basis of 243

Reaction-systems, 26, 204

Reason, 235, 240, 244, 245, 259, 267, 343;
not evolved, 267;
sole means of human preservation, 343;
superorganic power of, 244, 245

Reasoning, 207, 220