Chapter XXII: Afterword (3)

Recapitulation, 48, 275, 278, 279, 285;
embryonic, 48, 275, 278, 279

Receptors, 57, 213, 222;
extended, necessary to perceive material stimuli, 222

Recessive chin, 311

Recognition, 207

Recombination, 27, 42;
chromosomal, 27;
factorial, 27

Reconstructions, 89, 90, 92, 321;
of fossil skulls, 321;
psychological motivation of, 89, 90;
scientific, 89, 90, 92

Recuperation, autonomous, 163

“Recurrent faunas,” 110

Reduction, 42, 157

Reflection, 224, 225, 226, 240, 256;
a fact, 225, 226;
alleged impossibility of, 225;
only possible to spiritual agent, 224;
undeniable fact of, 225

Reflexes, innate and conditioned, 238

Reflexion, 225

Reflexive orientation, 174, 176;
of energies, no living being, 176;
of forces in living organism, 174;
in living being, 201

Regression of organ, 305

Regulation, 253;
intelligent, 253;
sensory, 253

Rejuvenation, 155, 161, 163;
three kinds of, 161

Rejuvenescence, 160, 161, 162

Reign of Terror, 357;
French, 357;
Russian, 357

Reindeer, 332

Re-integration of atoms, impossible, 163

Relationships, 254;
causal and telic, 254;
supersensible, 254

Religion, 354, 361;
only sanction of morality, 361

Remains, Javanese, 318

Repair-work, 251, 252

Reproduction, 5, 24, 25, 26, 56, 68, 69, 137, 141, 156, 157, 158,
159, 161;
biparental (bisexual), 24, 158;
cytogenic, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161;
link between life-cycles, 156;
nonsexual, 156—three kinds of, 156, 157;
reducible to cell-division, 163;
sexual, 25, 156, 157
—autosexual, 158, 159
—bisexual, 158
—unisexual, 158
somatogenic, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161
—limited, 161
—no rejuvenation in, 161

Reptiles, 61, 80, 281, 282, 296, 301;
flying, 80;
palæozoic and modern, 296

Resemblance, 38, 54, 58, 63, 79, 80, 284, 340, 341;
compatible with separate ancestry, 63, 80
—even specific, does not entail common origin, 79, 80;
family, 54, 56;
generic, 38, 56;
heterogenetic, 80;
ordinal, 56;
phyletic, 56;
specific, 38, 56, 79;
to modern man, 340, 341

Responsibility, 232, 360, 361;
harmful consequences, 360;
implies mastery of will over its own actions, 232;
of evolutionary propagandists, 360, 361

Resultants, 233 _note_, 234 _note_

Resurrection, natural basis of, 202

Reversion, 17, 303, 304, 305;
to type, 305

Rhinoceros etruscus, 319;
merckii, 329;
tichorhinus, 326, 329, 332

Rhodesian Man, 340, 341;
may be modern, 341

Rhynchonella, 118

Right-handedness, human, 288;
duration of, 290

River drift, 327

Rocks, 66, 93, 96, 103, 104, 107, 118, 120, 181, 297, 335;
composition and mineral contents disregarded in classification, 96;
crystalline, 104, 181;
fossiliferous, 104, 107, 118, 181, 279, 335;
European classification of, 107;
groups of, 120;
igneous, 181;
metamorphic, 104;
sedimentary, 66, 93, 96, 107, 181;
systems of, 103

Rubidium, isotopes of, 173

Rudiment, 293, 297, 301, 302;
ontogenetic, 301, 302;
phylogenetic, 301, 302

Rudimentary, 299

Rudimentary organs, 286, 291, 293, 298, 305;
criticism of, 286;
evolutionary argument from, 286;
ontogenetic explanation of, 298;
phylogenetic, 298
—explanation of, 286

Running birds, 114, 305

S-R bonds, 204

Salamander, 248

Saurians, 60

Savagery, not prior to civilization, 337

Savages, descended from civilized ancestry not vice versa, 338

Scandinavia, 110

Scepticism, 198
logic of, 198

Scholastics, 191, 225

Scholastic, theory of origin of concepts, 220

Science, 188, 304, 359;
as religion, 359;
gives no heed to consequences, 360;
its attitude towards philosophy, 188;
sham, 304

Scientists, 344, 348;
many not satisfied with “evidence” for human evolution, 344;
fallibility of, 348

Scientific questions, decided by evidence, not by authority, 344

Scotland, 107

Sea-anemone, 261

Sea floor, 113

Sea-urchin, 119, 140;
egg of, 140

Second causes, 52, 71;
efficacy finite, 71

Sediment, 93, 103, 125;
primordial, 125;
universal layer of, 103

Seedlings, 161

Segregation, 25

Selection, 11, 12, 13, 65, 152, 153, 306;
artificial, 152
—not on a par with natural selection, 152;
intelligent and fortuitous, 152, 153;
principle, 11, 12, 13, 65;
values, 306

Self, 205

Self-fertilization, 159

Self-observation, 224, 225;
impossible for an organ, 226;
power of, cannot reside in material organ, 224, 225;
requires a spiritual principle, 225

Self-regulation, 174, 176, 179

Self-sacrifice, rendered meaningless, 356

Semilunar fold, 296, 297

Senescence, 26, 157, 160, 162;
an inherent tendency of living matter, 160;
tendency practically if not actually universal, 162

Sensationists, 218

Sensations, 209, 227, 242;
intensity of, 227

Sense, 204, 227, 228, 235, 254, 350;
debilitated by powerful stimulus, 227;
external, 204;
organic nature of, 227;
their power of reaction temporarily inhibited by process of
repair, 227, 228

Sense organs, 213, 251

Sense-perception, 199, 203, 214, 219, 220, 227, 231, 235;
a brain function 199;
a psycho-organic function, 214;
concerned with factual reality of existence, 219;
involves a decomposition of neural tissue, 227;
not independent of body, 227;
organic function, 203

Sensibility, organic, 244, 245

Sensori-motor, 251

Sensory functions of the nervous system, 199

Sensual appetites, exhaustible, 232

Sensual emotion, organic function, 203

Sequence, 100, 107, 108;
inverted or “wrong,” 107, 108;
no invariable order of, 100;
of fossiliferous strata, 100;
“wrong,” 107, 107 _note_

Serum, 15

Sexual (gametic) incompatibility, 4, 5, 19, 20, 21

Sharks, 80, 119, 296

“Shell-craters,” 347

Shoots, 160

Sight, 217;
intrinsic dependence on eye, 217;
extrinsic dependence on object, 217

Silurian, 92, 106, 111, 118;
Middle, 92, 106

Simia satyrus, 32

Simple explanations not necessarily true, 350

Siwalik beds, 95, 310

Skeleton, 60, 61, 331;
human, 331

Skulls, 328, 329, 331, 333, 340, 341;
fossil, 33, 341;
human, 331

Skull cap, 271, 313, 314, 324, 328

Sleep, would interrupt process of relaying consciousness from
thought to thought, 212, 213

Sloth, 52

Snapdragon, 88

Social inequalities, artificial laws for benefit of rich, 361

Socialism, 357, 360;
Marxian, 357;
Scientific, 357

Sodium, 165, 166;
bromide, 165;
chloride, 165, 166;
iodide, 165

Solemn burial, 331, 332, 343;
most ancient instances, 332

Solutreans, 333

Soma, 13, 59, 303

Somatella, 59

Somatic cells, 13, 14, 17, 136, 156, 163

Somites, 280

Sophism, Comte’s like that of Zeno, 226

Soul, 172, 179, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206,
209, 210, 211, 216, 268, 311, 350, 361;
definition of, 200;
a “formative power” and “integrating” and unifying principle, 200,
211;
a vital entelechy, 210;
as revealed in biology and psychology, 205;
consubstantial with matter, 202;
differs in kind, not merely in degree from bestial soul, 194;
discarded by Descartes, 197;
discarded by scientific psychology, 359;
formal principle of life, 203;
functional, 203, 206, 209
—cannot be primary principle of life, 206;
name, not reality of, rejected, 200;
not a complete entity, 201;
primary ground of life, 206;
rejected in dynamic, not in entitive sense, 200, 201;
spiritual, not a product of evolution, 193, 216, 268
—originates by a creative act, 193, 268;
subject of psychology, 197;
subsistent in man, 202;
substantial, 203, 209;
term alleged to be meaningless, 200

Specialism, advantages and disadvantages of, 189

Species, 3, 4, 5, 6, 17, 19, 26, 37, 38, 74, 75, 78, 80, 83, 84,
86, 87, 110, 111, 112, 119, 120-123, 131, 157, 256, 257, 312, 313,
320, 334, 342;
definition of, 4;
change of, 4, 6;
differentiation and multiplication of, 131;
difficulty of distinguishing, 120-123;
elementary, 17;
extinct and extant, 120-123, 334;
extinct, precarious basis for time-scale, 334;
formation as contrasted with transformation of, 74, 75, 131;
fossil, 3, 4, 83, 92, 120, 122, 312, 313;
intermediate,
absence of, 80, 83, 84, 334;
intersterility of, 4, 5, 26, 38;
only one human, 342;
persistent, 123;
syngamy, an essential requisite of, 5

Species-by-species method, 87

Spectral analysis of constitution of sun, 216

Spectroscope, 144

Speech, bestial, 245, 246

Sperm, 156, 158, 159, 160;
activation by means of, 159

Spermists, 160

Sphex gryphus (Sm), 261

Spiders, 257

Spiral cleavage, 278

Spirit, 194, 311;
definition of, 194

Spiritual, 206

Spiritualism, 202, 230, 231;
Aristotelian, 230, 231
—admits direct dependence of lower psychic functions on organism,
230
—admits indirect dependence of higher psychic functions upon
organism, 231;
Cartesian, 230;
destroyed by facts of physiological psychology, 230;
hylomorphic, 202;
of Aristotle, 202;
psychophysical of Descartes, 202, 203

Spirituality, 203, 351;
excludes co-agency of organism, 203;
of human soul, 351

Spiritual representations, 221

Spleen, 301

Splitters, 37

Splitting, 121

Spontaneous generation, 131, 132, 133, 136, 142, 148, 149, 167,
179, 182, 185, 186;
defined, 131-133;
antiquity of, 133;
old and new exception of, 167;
philosophical “proof” of, 185

Spontogenesis, an outlawed hypothesis, 164

Spores, 134, 136, 156, 181;
bacterial, 181

Sporulation, 156, 157

Springopora, 118

Spy, 329, 330, 333;
bones, 329;
crania, capacity underestimated, 330

Spy remains, 319, 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 332;
skeletons of No. 1 and No. 2, 327

Squatting, a habit of savage races, 328

Squirrel, 260

Starfish, 140, 154, 382;
egg of, 140;
symmetry of, 154

States, 203, 208;
conscious or psychic, 203, 208;
mental, active and passive, 208;
of matter, not more real, 203

Statistics, moral, 361

Stems, 160

Stentor, 174

Sterility, interspecific, 5, 21, 38

Sterilization, 134, 135

Stimulators, 243

Stimulus, 227, 228

Stizus ruficornis, 247

Stock, 310, 311;
hylobatic and troglodyte, 310, 311;
pithecoid, 311

Stone implements, 329, 331, 334, 340, 342;
characteristic, unsafe basis for time-scale, 334

Stratification, 102;
scheme of, universal, 102;
synchronous deposition of, different in mineral content, 102

Stratigraphers, 106

Stratigraphic, 101, 102, 107;
continuity, 101;
facts, 107;
horizons, 101;
sequence, 101
—invariable order of, 102

Stratigraphy, 93

Strata, 66, 83, 87, 92-96, 102, 103,108, 109, 116, 119, 120, 125;
classification of, 103;
concrete sequence of, 109;
dated by fossils and fossils by strata, 94;
fossiliferous, 92, 96, 102, 109, 116, 119
—classification of, 119
—European classification of, 102;
how characterized, 96;
intervening, skipped, 120;
mineral, 102;
substitution of fossiliferous for lithological, 103;
substitution of fossiliferous for mineral, 103;
wrong order of, 108;
“younger” and “older,” 108, 116

Strontium, isotopes of, 173

Structures, 122, 284;
constant and adaptive, 122;
distinction influenced by personal equation, 122;
embryonic, undifferentiated, 284;
homologous and adaptive, 122

Struggles for existence, 291

Sturgeons, 119

Sub-archæan beginnings of life impenetrable, 126

Subject, 205, 207, 208;
abiding, of our thoughts, feelings and desires, 205;
active, 208;
of thought, active, 207

Subjective abstractions, phenomenalist objectivation of, 209

Subjectless thought, an abstraction, 209

Submicron, 140, 183 _note_

Submicroscopic dimensions, no obstacle to manifestation of vital
phenomena, 170

Submicroscopic organisms show genetic continuity, reproductiveness
and typical vital power, 169, 170

Subspecies, 334, 342

Substages, 96, 103

Substance, 209

Substantial composite of body and soul, 203

Succession, 75, 76;
to be distinguished from filiation, 75;
not descent, 75, 76

Sunlight, once richer in actinic rays, 148

Superciliary ridges, 272

Superorganic, 240

Superorganic functions, 214, 227;
have soul as their exclusive agent and recipient, 214

Superorganic functions, soul alone active cause and receptive
subject, 203

Supernatural, 186, 187;
defined, 187

Supernumerary, 303, 304, 306;
mammary glands, 304;
organs, 303, 304

Superposition, 93, 101, 111;
as a criterion of comparative antiquity, 93;
criterion of, confined to local areas, 101
—not available
for correlation of strata in different localities, 101;
only safe means of distinguishing between spatial and
chronological distribution, 101, 111;
restricted to local areas, 93

Suppression of organs, 305

Sweden, 289

Syllogisms, of no avail against facts, 226

Symbiosis, 52, 124

Symbiotes, 46, 53

Synapsis, 17, 25

Syngamy, 5, 25, 156, 157-161;
essential to biparental inheritance, 160;
means of rejuvenation, 161;
qualification of a true species, 5

Synthesis, chemical, spontaneous and artificial, 151, 152

Systems, 96, 101, 141, 142, 151;
colloidal, 142;
complete polyphasic, 142;
how determined, 96;
of rocks, 96;
of strata, 101;
polyphasic, 141;
protoplasmic, 141, 142;
simple, 151

Systematist, 46, 121

Tactisms, 204

Tactualist, 219

Taenia, 248

Taiga, 91

Tarantula, 247, 263

Tasmanian blacks, 325

Tautomerism, 202

Taxonomic questions, 334

Taxonomist, 128

Taxonomy, 36, 37, 38, 77, 101, 121, 122, 123, 320;
fossil, 101, 122
—basis of correlation, 101
—arbitrary and unreliable, 122;
homology, basis of, 36;
influence of palæontology, 77;
need of revision in, 121, 123

Teleological, 225

Teleology, 154, 240, 248, 249, 259, 267;
a material expression of intelligence, 259;
does not entail vibrant intelligence, 259;
its combination with sentient consciousness, 240;
of organisms, 154;
of artefacts, 154;
psychic
implication of, 154;
unconscious, 240

Teleosts, 120

Telic, 150, 249;
phenomena of nature, 249

Terebratulina, striata, 118, 120;
caput serpentis, 118

Termitomyia, 46

Termitoxenia Heimi, 48

Tertiary, 72, 82, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 112, 113, 118, 154, 270,
308, 311;
ancestor, 312;
Man, 154

Tertiary envelopes of eggs, 300

Tethelin, 294

Tethys, 109

Tetraploid race, 23, 45;
origin of, not yet observed, 23

Tetraploidy, 22, 23, 44

Thigh, bone, 316, 317

Third eyelid, 296, 297

Third Interglacial Period, latter half of, 331

Thoatherium, 78

Thought, 218-222, 227, 229, 230, 233;
and imagery, concomitant but incommensurable, 219;
digs below phenomenal surface, 219;
distinguished from imagery, 218, 219;
intellectual, steady, lucid and continuous, 229;
not function of material organism, 233;
power does not always degenerate with old age, 230;
presupposes imagery, 221;
proceeds with complete ease after initial exertion of
imagination, 229;
rational, 222, 224, 231, 233
—has spiritual soul for source and subject, 233
—reflective, 224
—spiritual, 222
—superorganic function of, 231;
reflective, a superorganic function, 227;
requires substrate of sensible images, 220
—on which it is objectively dependent, 222;
some in all individuals, 219;
spiritual, 222;
untranslatable into adequate imagery, 219

Thrust faults, 107

Thrust planes like bedding planes, 108

Thymus, 299, 300, 301, 302;
an ontogenetic rudiment, 301, 302

Thyroid glands, 292, 294, 295, 301

Thyroxin, 294

Time-value, 75, 82, 83, 84, 95, 96, 101;
of geological formations, dubious, 75;
of index fossils, 95, 96
—affords no basis for scientific certainty, 101

Tissue, lymphatic, 301

Tissue cells, 13, 14, 136, 156

Tonsils, 301

Tools, use of, by animals, 261

Trachelocerca, 138

Training, 244, 245, 256

Transformism, 3, 4, 6, 16, 24, 25, 32, 40, 43, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59,
61, 67, 69-72, 75, 80, 84, 109, 117, 123, 124, 126, 127, 131, 263,
268, 343;
definition of, 3;
impotent to explain origin of intelligence, 216, 233 _note_, 263;
interpretation, not corollary, of fossil facts, 126;
monophyletic, 69, 70;
“natural” explanation of homology, 52;
proofs for, empirical, aphoristic, and aposterioristic, 55, 56;
rests on personal belief rather than on facts, 127;
ultra-partisans of, 343;
unconcerned with origin of life, 131;
unifies origins in time, but not in space, 69

Transformist, 38

Transmutation, 6, 28, 35, 40, 50, 65, 69, 70, 71, 73, 123, 193

Trial and error, 241, 243

Triassic, 118, 119

Trilobites, 100, 117

Triploidy, 21, 22

Troglodyte, 34, 50, 314,
type, 314

Troglodytes niger, 33, 314

Tropisms, 204

Tubercule of Darwin, not homologous with apex of horse’s ear, 303

Tubers, 160

Tubules, nephridial or excretory, 280

Types, 54, 55, 66, 83, 84, 92, 116-120, 123, 124, 141, 328, 329,
334, 335, 336;
Ancestral, 92, 117, 276;
annectant, 92;
approximation in, 66;
common ancestral, 83;
Crô-Magnon, 332, 334, 335;
no evidence of its descent from Neanderthal
type, 334;
generalized, 54, 55, 81, 84;
are abstractions, 54, 55;
generic, 116, 117;
persistence of, 118, 123;
Grimaldi, 332;
intergradent, 83;
invertebrate, 117;
modern, 116, 120, 334;
Neanderthaloid, 329, 335;
persistent, 116;
persistence of, 119;
phyletic, 116, 117;
permanence of, 118;
specific, 116, 141
—persistence of, 118, 123;
fossil doctrine of their invariable sequence, 104, 312

Ultramicron, 144, 168;
destitute of reproductive power, 168;
may not be natural unit, 168;
of colloidal solutions, 168

Ultramicroscope, 140, 144;
limit of, 140

Ultraspiritualism of Descartes, 199, 202

Ultra-violet rays, 148, 184

Unchange, not explained by theory of exchange, 123

Understanding, 235

Ungulates, 78, 82;
fossil, 82

Uniformitarianism, 67, 68

Uniformity of nature, 149, 186;
only justification for reconstruction of the past, 149;
principle of, 169

Union of soul and body, according to Descartes, 198, 199

Units, 144, 162, 163, 166, 167, 168, 170, 174-177, 199-201;
difference between, 170;
inorganic, 144, 163, 166, 170, 174, 175, 176, 177, 201
—and living, 170, 175-177
—incapable of other than transitive action, 174, 177;
living and non-living, 199, 200;
natural, 168;
new, of life to be discovered, 167;
of nature, non-living, 162, 163

Universe, Stone Book of, 127

Uranium, 146

Urea, 173

Ureter, 282

Uroleptus mobilis, 138, 161

Urosthenic, 270

Ursus spelaeus, 326, 329

Use, 291

Utility, 291

Valence, 165;
atomic, 165;
molecular (residual), 165

Variation, 9, 18, 40, 41, 42, 45, 63, 64, 88, 303;
agencies of, 42;
cause of modification, 41;
converges and diverges, 63, 64;
fluctuational, 9, 303;
heritable, 42;
intra-specific, 43;
mutational, a change of loss, 18;
non-inheritable, 42;
process of diversifying, 40, 45;
trans-specific, 43, 88
—no experimental evidence of, 45

Varieties, 334, 342

Vault, 329, 332

Vegetarians, 236

Versatility, 257, 258, 259;
distinctive mark of intelligence, 257, 258

Vertebræ, 279

Vertebrate, 60

Vertebrata, 119, 270, 271, 279-284, 292, 297, 300, 302;
amniotic, 280-282;
anamniotic, 280, 282

Vestigial remnants, 299

Viability, 4, 5, 25, 26, 43, 44

Vibration, 209;
pure, 209;
without vibrant medium, 209

Vinegar fly, 19, 85

Violet, 25, 159

Visceral arches and clefts, 278, 279

Visualist, 219

Vital activity, 201

Vital continuity, 134, 139, 155;
genetic, first article of, 134;
law of, 134, 155;
law of, 139;
its fourth article, 139

Vital force, no special, 201

Vitality, 150;
eludes art of chemist, 150

Vital principle, 172, 200, 203;
as defined by Neo-Vitalists, 172;
entitive, not dynamic, 172;
term alleged to be meaningless, 200;
term in disfavor, 200

Vivisection, 360

Volcanic bombs, 346-348

Volition, 221, 231, 233;
not function of the material organism, 233;
presupposes conception, 221;
rational, has spiritual soul for source and subject, 233;
rational, superorganic, 231

Walrus, 296

Wasp, predatory, 247, 263

Weddas, cranial capacity of, 315

Weight, 315

Whale, 35, 46, 60, 279;
flipper of, 35, 60, 279

White Leghorns, 19

Wild Kirchli, industry of, 331

Will, 221, 232, 235;
insatiable, 232;
of man, free, 232;
self-determining or reflexive, 232;
superior to sensual appetite, 235

Wing venation, 49 _note_, 49

Wisconsin, Cambrian sediments of, 105

Wolffian duct, 281, 282

Woods Hole, 23, 42, 47

World War, 359

Worm, 249

Wormwood, 248, 255;
common, 255

Würtzburg, School of, 219

X-rays, 144, 317

Yoldia Sea, 289

Yolk-sac, 276

Zamia, 118

Zebra, 81

Zones, stratigraphic, 96, 103, 106;
zoögeographical, 99

Zoölogists, 66, 77

Zoölogy, 35, 37, 55, 126, 304

Zoöpsychologists, 240

Zygote, 25, 136, 156-158