Chapter IV: Infant Mortality (3)

════════════════════════════════════════════════╤══════════════════════ ORDER OF BIRTH. │Infant mortality rate. ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── First-born child │ 143.6 Second-born child │ 131.2 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── First and second born children │ 138.3 ════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════════════════ Third-born child │ 144.2 Fourth-born child │ 142.0 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── Third and fourth born children │ 143.2 ════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════════════════ Fifth-born child │ 178.1 Sixth-born child │ 175.5 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── Fifth and sixth born children │ 177.0 ════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════════════════ Seventh-born child │ 192.1 Eighth-born child │ 165.4 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── Seventh and eighth born children. │ 181.5 ════════════════════════════════════════════════╪══════════════════════ Ninth-born child │ 128.2 Tenth or later born child │ 252.3 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┼────────────────────── Ninth and later born children │ 201.1 ────────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────────────

The next table gives a further elaboration of the same data; that is, it shows the infant mortality rate where such rates are lowest and highest, respectively, according to the age of the mother at the child’s birth and the order in which the child was born. Attention is again directed to the fact that the statistics presented in this section on “Reproductive histories” are based upon the total number of reportable pregnancies; that is, in addition to the pregnancies resulting in births in 1911, all prior pregnancies of the women considered in the investigation have been included.

TABLE 39.—LOWEST AND HIGHEST INFANT MORTALITY RATES, ACCORDING TO AGE
OF MOTHER AT BIRTH OF CHILD AND THE ORDER IN WHICH CHILD WAS BORN.

═══════════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════ ORDER OF BIRTH. │ INFANT MORTALITY RATES, ACCORDING TO MOTHER’S │ AGE. ───────────────────────┼───────────────────────┬─────────────────────── │ Lowest mortality. │ Highest mortality. ───────────────────────┼───────────┬───────────┼───────────┬─────────── │ Mother’s │ Mortality │ Mother’s │ Mortality │ age. │ rate. │ age. │ rate. ───────────────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────── All children │ 20–24│ 140.0│ Under 17│ 367.3 ═══════════════════════╪═══════════╪═══════════╪═══════════╪═══════════ First child │ 25–29│ 92.1│ 17–19│ 190.4 Second child │ 25–29│ 100.3│ 17–19│ 178.6 Third child │ 30–39│ 106.4│ 25–29│ 160.8 Fourth child │ 30–39│ 122.4│ 20–24│ 155.0 Fifth child │ 30–39│ 105.8│ 25–29│ 236.6 Sixth child │ 30–39│ 164.8│ 25–29│ 171.4 ───────────────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────

The difference in size of family for native and foreign mothers of different ages are indicated in the next table. The total and average number of live-born children, not reportable pregnancies, are given.

TABLE 40.—TOTAL AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF LIVE-BORN CHILDREN BORNE BY
MARRIED MOTHERS HAVING EITHER A LIVE BIRTH OR A STILLBIRTH IN 1911,
CLASSIFIED BY NATIVITY AND AGE OF MOTHER.

══════════════════╤══════════════════════════╤══════════════════════════ │ ALL MARRIED MOTHERS. │ NATIVE MARRIED MOTHERS. ──────────────────┼────────┬─────────────────┼────────┬───────────────── AGE OF MOTHER AT │ │ Live-born │ │ Live-born BIRTH OF CHILD IN │ Total. │ children. │ Total. │ children. 1911. │ │ │ │ ──────────────────┼────────┼────────┬────────┼────────┼────────┬──────── │ │Number. │Average.│ │Number. │Average. ──────────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──────── All ages │ 1,465│ 5,363│ 3.7│ 801│ 2,600│ 3.2 ══════════════════╪════════╪════════╪════════╪════════╪════════╪════════ Under 20 years │ 81│ 96│ 1.2│ 62│ 70│ 1.1 20 to 24 years │ 456│ 908│ 2.0│ 258│ 483│ 1.9 25 to 29 years │ 389│ 1,261│ 3.2│ 196│ 536│ 2.7 30 to 39 years │ 459│ 2,480│ 5.4│ 240│ 1,188│ 5.0 40 years and over.│ 80│ 618│ 7.7│ 45│ 323│ 7.2 ──────────────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────

══════════════════╤══════════════════════════ │ FOREIGN MARRIED MOTHERS. ──────────────────┼────────┬───────────────── AGE OF MOTHER AT │ │ Live-born BIRTH OF CHILD IN │ Total. │ children. 1911. │ │ ──────────────────┼────────┼────────┬──────── │ │Number. │Average. ──────────────────┼────────┼────────┼──────── All ages │ 664│ 2,763│ 4.2 ══════════════════╪════════╪════════╪════════ Under 20 years │ 19│ 26│ 1.4 20 to 24 years │ 198│ 425│ 2.1 25 to 29 years │ 193│ 725│ 3.8 30 to 39 years │ 219│ 1,292│ 5.9 40 years and over.│ 35│ 295│ 8.4 ──────────────────┴────────┴────────┴────────

The next table shows all losses of pregnancy sustained by 628 mothers and the rate of loss per 1,000 births for mothers having different numbers of births or reportable pregnancies. For all mothers it was 188.4. “Loss,” as here used, means the sum of infant deaths (or deaths in first year) and stillbirths.

TABLE 41.—AGGREGATE NUMBER OF BIRTHS, LOSSES, AND RATE OF LOSS PER
1,000 BIRTHS, ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER MOTHER.

══════════════════════════╤══════════════╤══════════════╤══════════════ NUMBER OF BIRTHS PER │ Aggregate │ Aggregate │ Rate of loss MOTHER. │ number of │ number of │ per 1,000 │ births. │ losses. │ births. ──────────────────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼────────────── Total │ 5,617│ 1,058│ 188.4 ══════════════════════════╪══════════════╪══════════════╪══════════════ 1 │ 335│ 53│ 158.6 2 │ 554│ 87│ 157.0 3 │ 648│ 113│ 174.4 4 │ 748│ 109│ 145.7 5 │ 740│ 133│ 179.7 6 │ 576│ 119│ 206.6 7 │ 574│ 104│ 181.2 8 │ 432│ 102│ 236.1 9 │ 324│ 65│ 200.6 10 or more │ 686│ 173│ 252.2 ──────────────────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────

The influence of the economic factor on infant mortality among the babies born prior to 1911 can not be determined with exactness, as no inquiry was made concerning earnings of the father when the other children were born. But it is believed that his earnings during the year following the birth of the 1911 baby can be regarded as an index of the economic standing of the family for some time past. In individual cases, of course, revolutionary changes in the family’s income may have occurred, but for the great mass of people in the group considered it is not likely that within such a short space of time as that covered by the child-bearing period of the women considered—most of whom had not had numerous pregnancies—marked changes had taken place. If these known earnings are accepted as an index, the following variations are found to occur in the infant mortality rate for all the babies of whom a record was secured:

TABLE 42.—INFANT MORTALITY RATE FOR ALL CHILDREN OF MARRIED MOTHERS
INCLUDED IN THIS INVESTIGATION, DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO THE FATHER’S
EARNINGS.

══════════════════════════════════════════╤════════════════════════════ FATHER’S ANNUAL EARNINGS. │ Infant mortality rate. ──────────────────────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────── Under $521 │ 197.3 $521 to $624 │ 193.1 $625 to $779 │ 163.1 $780 to $899 │ 168.4 $900 to $1,199 │ 142.2 $1,200 and over │ 102.2 ──────────────────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────────

The infant mortality rate for the babies whose fathers earn under $521 is almost twice as great as for those born into families in the most prosperous group. These figures strengthen the conclusion reached in the study of the babies born in 1911, namely that the economic factor is of far-reaching importance in determining the baby’s chance of life.

TABLE V.—DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS AND OF DEATHS DURING FIRST YEAR,
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF PERSONS AND NUMBER OF ROOMS PER FAMILY.

═════════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════
│NUMBER OF BABIES WHO WERE BORN ALIVE
│AND NUMBER OF SUCH BABIES WHO DIED
│DURING FIRST YEAR IN HOMES HAVING—
─────────────────┼───────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────
PERSONS PER │ All │ │ │ │ │
FAMILY (NOT │ live │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5
INCLUDING BABY). │ born │room │rooms│rooms│rooms│rooms
│babies.│ │ │ │ │
─────────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────
{Births│ 1,463│ 33│ 165│ 147│ 526│ 222
Total {Deaths│ 196│ 3│ 29│ 24│ 79│ 20
═════════════════╪═══════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═════
{Births│ 24│ 3│ 7│ 4│ 6│ 2
2 {Deaths│ 19│ 1│ 5│ 4│ 6│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 275│ 14│ 46│ 35│ 96│ 29
3 {Deaths│ 31│ │ 5│ 4│ 12│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 234│ 7│ 44│ 20│ 83│ 40
4 {Deaths│ 30│ 1│ 12│ 5│ 9│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 229│ │ 27│ 24│ 88│ 31
5 {Deaths│ 22│ │ 1│ 6│ 9│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 182│ 2│ 21│ 17│ 56│ 37
6 {Deaths│ 18│ │ 4│ │ 8│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 164│ 2│ 10│ 20│ 50│ 32
7 {Deaths│ 15│ │ 1│ 2│ 6│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 107│ 2│ 5│ 14│ 37│ 16
8 {Deaths│ 17│ │ │ 2│ 6│ 3
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 79│ 2│ 2│ 6│ 27│ 13
9 {Deaths│ 8│ 1│ │ │ 2│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 58│ 1│ 1│ 2│ 26│ 7
10 {Deaths│ 15│ │ │ 1│ 11│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 36│ │ 1│ 1│ 16│ 3
11 {Deaths│ 4│ │ 1│ │ 1│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 21│ │ 1│ 1│ 10│ 2
12 {Deaths│ 5│ │ │ │ 2│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 20│ │ │ 1│ 13│ 4
13 {Deaths│ 4│ │ │ │ 3│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 8│ │ │ 1│ 5│ 2
14 {Deaths│ 2│ │ │ │ 1│ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 6│ │ │ │ 3│ 2
15 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 4│ │ │ │ 4│
16 {Deaths│ 2│ │ │ │ 2│
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 3│ │ │ │ 1│
17 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 5│ │ │ 1│ 1│
18 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ 1│
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 2│ │ │ │ 2│
19 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 3│ │ │ │ 1│ 1
20 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ │ │ │ │
22 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ │ │ │ 1│
23 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
Not {Births│ 1│ │ │ │ │ 1
reported. {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────────┴───────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────

═════════════════╤═════════════════════════════════════
│NUMBER OF BABIES WHO WERE BORN ALIVE
│AND NUMBER OF SUCH BABIES WHO DIED
│DURING FIRST YEAR IN HOMES HAVING—
─────────────────┼─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬───────
PERSONS PER │ │ │ │ │ 10 │Unknown
FAMILY (NOT │ 6 │ 7 │ 8 │ 9 │rooms│number
INCLUDING BABY). │rooms│rooms│rooms│rooms│ and │ of
│ │ │ │ │over.│rooms.
─────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───────
{Births│ 233│ 38│ 43│ 22│ 12│ 22
Total {Deaths│ 20│ 6│ 6│ 4│ 2│ 3
═════════════════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═══════
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │ 2
2 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 37│ 4│ 6│ 1│ │ 7
3 {Deaths│ 3│ 3│ 2│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 23│ 4│ 5│ 2│ 2│ 4
4 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ 1│
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 43│ 4│ 5│ 1│ 1│ 5
5 {Deaths│ 4│ │ 1│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 34│ 5│ 7│ 2│ │ 1
6 {Deaths│ 3│ │ 1│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 30│ 9│ 6│ 3│ 1│ 1
7 {Deaths│ 3│ 1│ │ 1│ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 18│ 4│ 6│ 2│ 3│
8 {Deaths│ 1│ 2│ 1│ 1│ 1│
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 13│ 6│ 2│ 4│ 4│
9 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ 2│ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 15│ 1│ 1│ 3│ │ 1
10 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 10│ │ 3│ 2│ │
11 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 6│ │ 1│ │ │
12 {Deaths│ 1│ │ 1│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ 1│ 1│ │
13 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │
14 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │ 1
15 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │ 1
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │
16 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ │ 1│ │ │
17 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ 1│ │ 1│ │
18 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │
19 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ │ │ │ │
20 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ 1│ │ │ │ │
22 {Deaths│ 1│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
{Births│ │ │ │ │ │
23 {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
Not {Births│ │ │ │ │ │
reported. {Deaths│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴───────

TABLE VIII.—DISTRIBUTION OF DEATHS OF INFANTS AT SPECIFIED AGE,
ACCORDING TO CAUSE OF DEATH OF INFANT AND NATIVITY OF MOTHER.

═══════════════╤══════╤═════════════════════════════════════════
│ │ AGE AT DEATH.
───────────────┼──────┼───────────────────────────┬─────────────
│Total │ │
CAUSE OF DEATH │deaths│ │ 1 week but
OF INFANT AND │under │ Less than 1 week. │ less than 1
NATIVITY OF │1 year│ │ month.
MOTHER. │ of │ │
│ age. │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┬──────┬──────┬──────┼──────┬──────
│ │ │ │ │ │ │1 week
│ │ │1 day │ │ │ │ but
│ │Total.│ or │ 2 │3 to 6│Total.│ less
│ │ │less. │days. │days. │ │ than
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 2.
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
All causes │ 196│ 45│ 30│ 4│ 11│ 29│ 14
═══════════════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════
Native mothers │ 85│ 25│ 18│ 3│ 4│ 9│ 2
Foreign mothers│ 111│ 20│ 12│ 1│ 7│ 20│ 12
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Diarrhea and │ 52│ 1│ │ │ 1│ 5│
enteritis │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 17│ 1│ │ │ 1│ │
Foreign mothers│ 35│ │ │ │ │ 5│
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Respiratory │ 50│ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3
diseases │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 19│ │ │ │ │ │
Foreign mothers│ 31│ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Premature │ 24│ 21│ 19│ │ 2│ 3│ 3
births │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 11│ 11│ 11│ │ │ │
Foreign mothers│ 13│ 10│ 8│ │ 2│ 3│ 3
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Congenital │ │ │ │ │ │ │
debility or │ 19│ 10│ 7│ 1│ 2│ 6│ 2
malformation │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 5│ 4│ 3│ │ 1│ 1│
Foreign mothers│ 14│ 6│ 4│ 1│ 1│ 5│ 2
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Injuries at │ 7│ 7│ 3│ 2│ 2│ │
birth │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 6│ 6│ 3│ 2│ 1│ │
Foreign mothers│ 1│ 1│ │ │ 1│ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
Other or not │ 44│ 6│ 1│ 1│ 4│ 12│ 6
reported │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 27│ 3│ 1│ 1│ 1│ 8│ 2
Foreign mothers│ 17│ 3│ │ │ 3│ 4│ 4
───────────────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────

═══════════════╤═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════
│ AGE AT DEATH.
───────────────┼─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────
CAUSE OF DEATH │3 weeks but │
OF INFANT AND │less than 1 │ 1 week but less than 1 month.
NATIVITY OF │month. │
MOTHER. │ │
───────────────┼──────┬──────┼──────┬──────┬──────┬──────┬──────┬──────
│ 2 │ 3 │ │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ 6 │
│weeks │weeks │ │month │months│months│months│ 9
│ but │ but │Total.│ but │ but │ but │ but │months
│ less │ less │ │ less │ less │ less │ less │ and
│ than │than 1│ │ than │ than │ than │ than │over.
│ 3. │month.│ │ 2. │ 3. │ 6. │ 9. │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
All causes │ 7│ 8│ 122│ 18│ 16│ 42│ 31│ 15
═══════════════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════╪══════
Native mothers │ 1│ 6│ 51│ 9│ 7│ 18│ 12│ 5
Foreign mothers│ 6│ 2│ 71│ 9│ 9│ 24│ 19│ 10
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Diarrhea and │ 3│ 2│ 46│ 5│ 4│ 17│ 15│ 5
enteritis │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ │ │ 16│ 3│ 1│ 5│ 5│ 2
Foreign mothers│ 3│ 2│ 30│ 2│ 3│ 12│ 10│ 3
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Respiratory │ │ │ 47│ 7│ 4│ 15│ 13│ 8
diseases │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ │ │ 19│ 2│ 2│ 8│ 5│ 2
Foreign mothers│ │ │ 28│ 5│ 2│ 7│ 8│ 6
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Premature │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
births │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Foreign mothers│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Congenital │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
debility or │ 3│ 1│ 3│ 1│ 2│ │ │
malformation │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │
Foreign mothers│ 3│ │ 3│ 1│ 2│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Injuries at │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
birth │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Foreign mothers│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Other or not │ 1│ 5│ 26│ 5│ 6│ 10│ 3│ 2
reported │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
───────────────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────┼──────
Native mothers │ 1│ 5│ 16│ 4│ 4│ 5│ 2│ 1
Foreign mothers│ │ │ 10│ 1│ 2│ 5│ 1│ 1
───────────────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────┴──────

TABLE X.—DISTRIBUTION OF BIRTHS TO MARRIED WAGE-EARNING MOTHERS,
ACCORDING TO HUSBAND’S ANNUAL EARNINGS AND NATIVITY AND EARNINGS OF
MOTHER.

═════════════════╤═══════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════
NATIVITY AND │ │
ANNUAL EARNINGS │ Total │ BIRTHS TO MARRIED WAGE-EARNING MOTHER WITH
OF MARRIED │births.│ HUSBAND EARNING ANNUALLY—
MOTHER. │ │
─────────────────┼───────┼─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬───────┬──────┬──────
│ │Under│$521 │$625 │$780 │$900 to│$1,200│Ample.
│ │$521.│ to │ to │ to │$1,199.│ and │ [37]
│ │ │$624.│$779.│$899.│ │over. │
─────────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼──────┼──────
All wage-earning │ 281│ 112│ 57│ 51│ 25│ 14│ 1│ 21
mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
═════════════════╪═══════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═════╪═══════╪══════╪══════
Under $53 │ 20│ 6│ 5│ 1│ 4│ 1│ —│ 3
$53 to $103 │ 57│ 23│ 12│ 11│ 7│ 3│ —│ 1
$104 to $207 │ 89│ 46│ 16│ 19│ 3│ 3│ —│ 2
$208 to $311 │ 60│ 23│ 16│ 12│ 4│ 3│ 1│ 1
$312 and over │ 46│ 14│ 8│ 8│ 7│ 2│ —│ 7
Not reported │ 9│ —│ —│ —│ —│ —│ 2│ 7
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Native │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
wage-earning │ 26│ 9│ 3│ 4│ 6│ 1│ —│ 3
mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼──────┼──────
Under $53 │ 6│ 2│ 1│ —│ 2│ 1│ —│ —
$53 to $103 │ 5│ 2│ 1│ 2│ —│ —│ —│ —
$104 to $207 │ 5│ 1│ 1│ 2│ 1│ —│ —│ —
$208 to $311 │ 4│ 3│ —│ —│ 1│ —│ —│ —
$312 and over │ 3│ 1│ —│ —│ 2│ —│ —│ —
Not reported │ 3│ —│ —│ —│ —│ —│ —│ 3
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
Foreign │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
wage-earning │ 255│ 103│ 54│ 47│ 19│ 13│ 1│ 18
mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼──────┼──────
Under $53 │ 14│ 4│ 4│ 1│ 2│ —│ —│ 3
$53 to $103 │ 52│ 21│ 11│ 9│ 7│ 3│ —│ 1
$104 to $207 │ 84│ 45│ 15│ 17│ 2│ 3│ —│ 2
$208 to $311 │ 56│ 20│ 16│ 12│ 3│ 3│ 1│ 1
$312 and over │ 43│ 13│ 8│ 8│ 5│ 2│ —│ 7
Not reported │ 6│ —│ —│ —│ —│ 2│ —│ 4
─────────────────┴───────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴───────┴──────┴──────

Footnote 37:

See note on page 45.

TABLE XI.—DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS OF REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES (LIVE BIRTHS
AND STILLBIRTHS) AND MISCARRIAGES, ACCORDING TO NUMBER PER MOTHER AND
NATIVITY OF MOTHER.

═══════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════ │ REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES AND RESULTS THEREOF. │ ───────────┼────────────┬───────┬───────┬────────┬─────────────── │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Live births. │ │ │ │ │ ───────────┼────────────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼───────┬─────── NUMBER OF │ │ │ │ │ │ REPORTABLE │ │ │ │ │ │ PREGNANCIES│ │ │ │ │ │ PER MOTHER │ │ │ │ │ │ AND │ │ │ │ │ │ NATIVITY OF│ │ │ │ │ │ MOTHER. │ │ │ │ │ │ ───────────┼────────────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼───────┼─────── │ │ │ │ │ │Number │ │ │Excess │ Number │ │ of │ Total │ Total │due to │ of │Number.│mothers │pregnancies.│births.│plural │mothers.│ │having │ │ │births.│ │ │ live │ │ │ │ │ │births. ───────────┼────────────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼───────┼─────── All married│ 5,554│ 5,617│ 63│ 1,491│ 5,363│ 1,465 mothers │ │ │ │ │ │ ═══════════╪════════════╪═══════╪═══════╪════════╪═══════╪═══════ 1 │ 339│ 343│ 4│ 339│ 322│ 318 2 │ 566│ 576│ 10│ 283│ 544│ 279 3 │ 642│ 650│ 8│ 214│ 626│ 214 4 │ 744│ 752│ 8│ 186│ 723│ 180 5 │ 735│ 740│ 5│ 147│ 704│ 147 6 │ 564│ 568│ 4│ 94│ 546│ 93 7 │ 581│ 586│ 5│ 83│ 555│ 83 8 │ 432│ 437│ 5│ 54│ 426│ 54 9 │ 297│ 299│ 2│ 33│ 283│ 33 10 or more │ 654│ 666│ 12│ 58│ 634│ 58 │ │ │ │ │ │ Native │ 2,717│ 2,744│ 27│ 816│ 2,600│ 801 ───────────┼────────────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼───────┼─────── 1 │ 234│ 236│ 2│ 234│ 224│ 222 2 │ 346│ 351│ 5│ 173│ 327│ 170 3 │ 333│ 338│ 5│ 111│ 322│ 111 4 │ 376│ 377│ 1│ 94│ 362│ 94 5 │ 325│ 326│ 1│ 65│ 302│ 65 6 │ 222│ 222│ │ 37│ 216│ 37 7 │ 266│ 267│ 1│ 38│ 250│ 38 8 │ 184│ 187│ 3│ 23│ 184│ 23 9 │ 117│ 118│ 1│ 13│ 109│ 13 10 or more │ 314│ 322│ 8│ 28│ 304│ 28 │ │ │ │ │ │ Foreign│ 2,837│ 2,873│ 36│ 675│ 2,763│ 664 ───────────┼────────────┼───────┼───────┼────────┼───────┼─────── 1 │ 105│ 107│ 2│ 105│ 98│ 96 2 │ 220│ 225│ 5│ 110│ 217│ 109 3 │ 309│ 312│ 3│ 103│ 304│ 103 4 │ 368│ 375│ 7│ 92│ 361│ 92 5 │ 410│ 414│ 4│ 82│ 402│ 82 6 │ 342│ 346│ 4│ 57│ 330│ 56 7 │ 315│ 319│ 4│ 45│ 305│ 45 8 │ 248│ 250│ 2│ 31│ 242│ 31 9 │ 180│ 181│ 1│ 20│ 174│ 20 10 or more │ 340│ 344│ 4│ 30│ 330│ 30 ───────────┴────────────┴───────┴───────┴────────┴───────┴───────

═══════════╤═════════════════════════════════════════════════════ │ REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES AND RESULTS THEREOF. │ ───────────┼─────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────── │ │ │ Live births. │ Stillbirths. │ │ ───────────┼─────────────────────────┼─────────────┬───────────── NUMBER OF │ │ │ REPORTABLE │ │ │ PREGNANCIES│ │ │ PER MOTHER │ Deaths in first year. │ │ AND │ │ │ NATIVITY OF│ │ │ MOTHER. │ │ │ ───────────┼───────┬───────┬─────────┼─────────────┼───────────── │ │Number │ │ │ │ │ of │ Infant │ │ Number of │Number.│mothers│mortality│ Number of │ mothers │ │having │ rate. │still-births.│ having │ │babies │ │ │still-births. │ │ die. │ │ │ ───────────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────────┼───────────── All married│ 804│ 509│ 149.9│ 254│ 194 mothers │ │ │ │ │ ═══════════╪═══════╪═══════╪═════════╪═════════════╪═════════════ 1 │ 35│ 34│ 108.7│ 21│ 21 2 │ 59│ 54│ 108.5│ 32│ 28 3 │ 92│ 75│ 147.0│ 24│ 23 4 │ 78│ 64│ 107.9│ 29│ 21 5 │ 103│ 67│ 146.3│ 36│ 31 6 │ 88│ 60│ 161.2│ 22│ 13 7 │ 78│ 48│ 140.5│ 31│ 22 8 │ 95│ 42│ 223.0│ 11│ 7 9 │ 41│ 20│ 144.9│ 16│ 11 10 or more │ 135│ 45│ 212.9│ 32│ 17 │ │ │ │ │ Native │ 294│ 206│ 113.1│ 144│ 115 ───────────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────────┼───────────── 1 │ 17│ 17│ 75.9│ 12│ 12 2 │ 25│ 23│ 76.5│ 24│ 21 3 │ 38│ 31│ 118.0│ 16│ 16 4 │ 36│ 31│ 99.4│ 15│ 13 5 │ 26│ 21│ 86.1│ 24│ 19 6 │ 34│ 22│ 157.4│ 6│ 5 7 │ 25│ 18│ 100.0│ 17│ 11 8 │ 29│ 17│ 157.6│ 3│ 2 9 │ 14│ 7│ 128.4│ 9│ 6 10 or more │ 50│ 19│ 164.5│ 18│ 10 │ │ │ │ │ Foreign│ 510│ 303│ 184.6│ 110│ 79 ───────────┼───────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────────┼───────────── 1 │ 18│ 17│ 183.7│ 9│ 9 2 │ 34│ 31│ 156.7│ 8│ 7 3 │ 54│ 44│ 177.6│ 8│ 7 4 │ 42│ 33│ 116.3│ 14│ 8 5 │ 77│ 46│ 191.5│ 12│ 12 6 │ 54│ 38│ 163.6│ 16│ 8 7 │ 53│ 30│ 173.8│ 14│ 11 8 │ 66│ 25│ 272.7│ 8│ 5 9 │ 27│ 13│ 155.2│ 7│ 5 10 or more │ 85│ 26│ 257.6│ 14│ 7 ───────────┴───────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────────┴─────────────

═══════════════════╤══════════════════════════════ REPORTABLE│ MISCARRIAGES IN ADDITION TO PREGNANCIES AND│ REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES. RESULTS THEREOF.│ ───────────┬───────┼────────────┬───────────────── │Still- │ │Number of mothers │births.│ │ reporting │ │ │ miscarriages. ───────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┬──────── NUMBER OF │ │ │ │ REPORTABLE │ │ │ │ PREGNANCIES│ │ │ │ PER MOTHER │ │ │ │ AND │ │ │ │ NATIVITY OF│ │ │ │ MOTHER. │ │ │ │ ───────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────── │ │ │ │ │ Per │ Number of │ │ Per │ cent. │miscarriages│ Total │cent. of │of all │ reported. │mothers.│ all │births.│ │ │mothers. │ │ │ │ ───────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────── All married│ 4.5│ 191│ 130│ 8.7 mothers │ │ │ │ ═══════════╪═══════╪════════════╪════════╪════════ 1 │ 6.1│ 8│ 8│ 2.4 2 │ 5.6│ 23│ 16│ 5.7 3 │ 3.7│ 26│ 18│ 8.4 4 │ 3.9│ 22│ 18│ 9.7 5 │ 4.9│ 20│ 14│ 9.5 6 │ 3.9│ 23│ 14│ 14.9 7 │ 5.3│ 27│ 15│ 18.1 8 │ 2.5│ 15│ 9│ 16.7 9 │ 5.4│ 13│ 8│ ([38]) 10 or more │ 4.8│ 14│ 10│ 17.2 │ │ │ │ Native │ 5.2│ 136│ 92│ 11.3 ───────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────── 1 │ 5.1│ 7│ 7│ 3.0 2 │ 6.8│ 18│ 13│ 7.5 3 │ 4.7│ 21│ 15│ 13.5 4 │ 4.0│ 13│ 10│ 10.6 5 │ 7.4│ 13│ 10│ 15.4 6 │ 2.7│ 17│ 9│ ([38]) 7 │ 6.4│ 25│ 13│ ([38]) 8 │ 1.6│ 8│ 5│ ([38]) 9 │ 7.6│ 4│ 3│ ([38]) 10 or more │ 5.6│ 10│ 7│ ([38]) │ │ │ │ Foreign│ 3.8│ 55│ 38│ 5.6 ───────────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼──────── 1 │ 8.4│ 1│ 1│ 1.0 2 │ 3.6│ 5│ 3│ 2.7 3 │ 2.6│ 5│ 3│ 2.9 4 │ 3.7│ 9│ 8│ 8.7 5 │ 2.9│ 7│ 4│ 4.9 6 │ 4.6│ 6│ 5│ 8.3 7 │ 4.4│ 2│ 2│ ([38]) 8 │ 3.2│ 7│ 4│ ([38]) 9 │ 3.9│ 9│ 5│ ([38]) 10 or more │ 4.1│ 4│ 3│ ([38]) ───────────┴───────┴────────────┴────────┴──────── Footnote 38:

Not shown when base is less than 50.

TABLE XII.—DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS OF REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES (LIVE
BIRTHS AND STILLBIRTHS) AND MISCARRIAGES, ACCORDING TO NUMBER PER MOTHER
AND AGE OF MOTHER AT EACH PREGNANCY.

═════════════╤════════════════════════════════════╤════════════════
NUMBER OF │ │
REPORTABLE │ │
PREGNANCIES │ │
AND AGE OF │ REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES. │ LIVE BIRTHS.
MOTHER AT │ │
BIRTH OF BABY│ │
BORN IN 1911.│ │
─────────────┼──────┬────────────────────┬────────┼───────┬────────
│ │ Resulting births. │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┬────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
│ │ │Excess over │ Number │ │ Number
│Total.│Number.│pregnancies.│ of │Number.│ of
│ │ │ [39] │mothers.│ │mothers.
│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
All married │ 5,554│ 5,617│ 63│ 1,491│ 5,363│ 1,465
mothers │ │ │ │ │ │
═════════════╪══════╪═══════╪════════════╪════════╪═══════╪════════
Under 20 │ 107│ 108│ 1│ 89│ 96│ 81
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 933│ 946│ 13│ 461│ 908│ 456
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 1,316│ 1,329│ 13│ 395│ 1,261│ 389
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 2,570│ 2,595│ 25│ 466│ 2,480│ 459
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years │ 628│ 639│ 11│ 80│ 618│ 80
and over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
28 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
1 reportable │ 339│ 343│ 4│ 339│ 322│ 318
pregnancy │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Under 20 │ 74│ 75│ 1│ 74│ 67│ 66
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 178│ 179│ 1│ 178│ 176│ 175
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 57│ 58│ 1│ 57│ 54│ 53
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 30│ 31│ 1│ 30│ 25│ 24
years │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
23 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
2 reportable │ 566│ 576│ 10│ 283│ 544│ 279
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Under 20 │ 24│ 24│ │ 12│ 21│ 12
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 312│ 317│ 5│ 156│ 302│ 154
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 148│ 151│ 3│ 74│ 141│ 73
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 78│ 80│ 2│ 39│ 76│ 38
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 4│ 4│ │ 2│ 4│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
25 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
3 reportable │ 642│ 650│ 8│ 214│ 626│ 214
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Under 20 │ 9│ 9│ │ 3│ 8│ 3
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 231│ 234│ 3│ 77│ 227│ 77
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 285│ 288│ 3│ 95│ 277│ 95
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 108│ 110│ 2│ 36│ 105│ 36
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 9│ 9│ │ 3│ 9│ 3
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
26 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
4 reportable │ 744│ 752│ 8│ 186│ 723│ 186
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
20 to 24 │ 156│ 160│ 4│ 39│ 148│ 39
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 300│ 301│ 1│ 75│ 290│ 75
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 252│ 255│ 3│ 63│ 249│ 63
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 36│ 36│ │ 9│ 36│ 9
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
29 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
5 reportable │ 735│ 740│ 5│ 147│ 704│ 147
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
20 to 24 │ 50│ 50│ │ 10│ 49│ 10
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 280│ 283│ 3│ 56│ 266│ 56
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 375│ 377│ 2│ 75│ 361│ 75
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 30│ 30│ │ 6│ 28│ 6
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
30 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
6 reportable │ 564│ 568│ 4│ 94│ 546│ 93
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
20 to 24 │ 6│ 6│ │ 1│ 6│ 1
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 132│ 133│ 1│ 22│ 127│ 21
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 360│ 362│ 2│ 60│ 347│ 60
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 66│ 67│ 1│ 11│ 66│ 11
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
33 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
7 reportable │ 581│ 586│ 5│ 83│ 555│ 83
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
25 to 29 │ 98│ 99│ 1│ 14│ 90│ 14
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 392│ 395│ 3│ 56│ 377│ 56
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 91│ 92│ 1│ 13│ 88│ 13
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
34 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
8 reportable │ 432│ 437│ 5│ 54│ 426│ 54
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
25 to 29 │ 16│ 16│ │ 2│ 16│ 2
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 408│ 413│ 5│ 51│ 403│ 51
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 8│ 8│ │ 1│ 7│ 1
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
35 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
9 reportable │ 297│ 299│ 2│ 33│ 283│ 33
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
30 to 39 │ 207│ 208│ 1│ 23│ 195│ 23
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 90│ 91│ 1│ 10│ 88│ 10
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
37 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
10 or more │ 654│ 666│ 12│([41])58│ 634│ 58
reportable │ │ │ │ │ │
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
30 to 39 │ 360│ 364│ 4│ 33│ 342│ 33
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 294│ 302│ 8│ 25│ 292│ 25
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
39 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┴──────┴───────┴────────────┴────────┴───────┴────────

═════════════╤══════════════════════════╤══════════════════════════
NUMBER OF │ │
REPORTABLE │ │
PREGNANCIES │ BABIES DYING IN FIRST │
AND AGE OF │ YEAR. │ STILLBIRTHS.
MOTHER AT │ │
BIRTH OF BABY│ │
BORN IN 1911.│ │
─────────────┼───────┬────────┬─────────┼───────┬────────┬─────────
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
│ │ Number │ Infant │ │ Number │Per cent.
│Number.│ of │mortality│Number.│ of │ of all
│ │mothers.│ rate. │ │mothers.│ births
│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
All married │ 804│ 509│ 149.9│ 254│ 194│ 4.5
mothers │ │ │ │ │ │
═════════════╪═══════╪════════╪═════════╪═══════╪════════╪═════════
Under 20 │ 12│ 11│ 125.0│ 12│ 12│ 11.1
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 140│ 115│ 154.2│ 38│ 29│ 4.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 185│ 132│ 146.7│ 68│ 55│ 5.1
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 382│ 207│ 154.0│ 115│ 84│ 4.4
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years │ 85│ 44│ 137.5│ 21│ 14│ 3.3
and over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
28 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
1 reportable │ 35│ 34│ 108.7│ 21│ 21│ 6.1
pregnancy │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
Under 20 │ 8│ 7│ 119.4│ 8│ 8│ 10.7
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 18│ 18│ 102.3│ 3│ 3│ 1.7
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 4│ 4│ 74.1│ 4│ 4│ 6.9
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 5│ 5│ ([40]) │ 6│ 6│ ([40])
years │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
23 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
2 reportable │ 59│ 54│ 108.5│ 3│ 28│ 5.6
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
Under 20 │ 3│ 3│ ([40]) │ 3│ 3│ ([40])
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 42│ 37│ 139.1│ 15│ 13│ 4.7
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 9│ 9│ 63.8│ 10│ 9│ 6.6
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 5│ 5│ 65.8│ 4│ 3│ 5.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ │ │ │ ...│ │
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
25 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
3 reportable │ 92│ 75│ 147.0│ 24│ 23│ 3.7
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
Under 20 │ 1│ 1│ ([40]) │ 1│ 1│ ([40])
years │ │ │ │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 40│ 31│ 176.2│ 7│ 6│ 3.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 41│ 33│ 148.0│ 11│ 11│ 3.8
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 8│ 8│ 76.2│ 5│ 5│ 4.5
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 2│ 2│ ([40]) │ │ │
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
26 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
4 reportable │ 78│ 64│ 107.9│ 29│ 21│ 3.9
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
20 to 24 │ 28│ 21│ 189.2│ 12│ 6│ 7.5
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 26│ 23│ 89.7│ 11│ 10│ 3.7
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 21│ 17│ 84.3│ 6│ 5│ 2.4
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 3│ 3│ ([40]) │ │ │
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
29 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
5 reportable │ 103│ 67│ 146.3│ 36│ 31│ 4.9
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
20 to 24 │ 9│ 7│ 183.7│ 1│ 1│ 2.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 51│ 31│ 191.7│ 17│ 15│ 6.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 40│ 27│ 110.8│ 16│ 14│ 4.2
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 3│ 2│ ([40]) │ 2│ 1│ ([40])
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
30 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
6 reportable │ 88│ 60│ 161.2│ 22│ 13│ 3.9
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
20 to 24 │ 3│ 1│ ([40]) │ │ │
years │ │ │ │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 23│ 17│ 181.1│ 6│ 1│ 4.5
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 54│ 36│ 155.6│ 15│ 11│ 4.1
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 8│ 6│ 121.2│ 1│ 1│ 1.5
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
33 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
7 reportable │ 78│ 48│ 140.5│ 31│ 22│ 5.3
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
25 to 29 │ 23│ 13│ 255.6│ 9│ 5│ 10.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 45│ 28│ 119.4│ 18│ 15│ 4.6
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 10│ 7│ 113.6│ 4│ 2│ 4.3
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
34 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
8 reportable │ 95│ 42│ 223.0│ 11│ 7│ 2.5
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
25 to 29 │ 8│ 2│ ([40]) │ │ │
years │ │ │ │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 87│ 40│ 215.9│ 10│ 6│ 2.4
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ │ │ │ 1│ 1│ ([40])
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
35 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
9 reportable │ 41│ 20│ 144.9│ 16│ 11│ 5.4
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
30 to 39 │ 32│ 15│ 164.1│ 13│ 8│ 6.3
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 9│ 5│ 102.3│ 3│ 3│ 3.3
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
37 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
10 or more │ 135│ 45│ 212.9│ 32│ 17│ 4.8
reportable │ │ │ │ │ │
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼────────┼─────────
30 to 39 │ 85│ 26│ 248.5│ 22│ 11│ 6.0
years │ │ │ │ │ │
40 years and │ 50│ 19│ 171.2│ 10│ 6│ 3.3
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │ │ │ │
39 years. │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┴───────┴────────┴─────────┴───────┴────────┴─────────

═════════════╤═══════════════════════════
NUMBER OF │
REPORTABLE │
PREGNANCIES │
AND AGE OF │ MISCARRIAGES.
MOTHER AT │
BIRTH OF BABY│
BORN IN 1911.│
─────────────┼─────────┬─────────────────
│ │ Mothers
│ │ reporting.
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┬────────
│ │ │ Per
│ Number │Number. │cent. of
│reported.│ │ all
│ │ │mothers.
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
All married │ 191│ 130│ 8.7
mothers │ │ │
═════════════╪═════════╪════════╪════════
Under 20 │ │ │
years │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 19│ 18│ 3.9
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 46│ 27│ 6.8
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 95│ 66│ 14.2
years │ │ │
40 years │ 31│ 19│ 23.8
and over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
28 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
1 reportable │ 8│ 8│ 2.4
pregnancy │ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
Under 20 │ │ │
years │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 3│ 3│ 1.7
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 3│ 3│ 5.3
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 2│ 2│ ([40])
years │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
23 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
2 reportable │ 23│ 16│ 5.7
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
Under 20 │ │ │
years │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 6│ 6│ 3.8
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 5│ 3│ 4.1
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 12│ 7│ ([40])
years │ │ │
40 years and │ │ │
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
25 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
3 reportable │ 26│ 18│ 8.4
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
Under 20 │ │ │
years │ │ │
20 to 24 │ 7│ 6│ 7.8
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 14│ 7│ 7.4
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 4│ 4│ ([40])
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 1│ 1│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
26 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
4 reportable │ 22│ 18│ 9.7
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
20 to 24 │ 3│ 3│ ([40])
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 10│ 6│ 8.0
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 6│ 6│ 9.5
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 3│ 3│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
29 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
5 reportable │ 20│ 14│ 9.5
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
20 to 24 │ │ │
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 6│ 4│ 7.1
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 12│ 8│ 10.7
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 2│ 2│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
30 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
6 reportable │ 23│ 14│ 14.9
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
20 to 24 │ │ │
years │ │ │
25 to 29 │ 6│ 3│ ([40])
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 13│ 9│ 15.0
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 4│ 2│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
33 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
7 reportable │ 27│ 15│ 18.1
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
25 to 29 │ 2│ 1│ ([40])
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 19│ 11│ 19.6
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 6│ 3│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
34 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
8 reportable │ 15│ 9│ 16.7
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
25 to 29 │ │ │
years │ │ │
30 to 39 │ 15│ 9│ 17.6
years │ │ │
40 years and │ │ │
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
35 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
9 reportable │ 13│ 8│ 24.2
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
30 to 39 │ 5│ 4│ ([40])
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 8│ 4│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
37 years. │ │ │
│ │ │
10 or more │ 14│ 10│ 17.2
reportable │ │ │
pregnancies│ │ │
─────────────┼─────────┼────────┼────────
30 to 39 │ 7│ 6│ ([40])
years │ │ │
40 years and │ 7│ 4│ ([40])
over │ │ │
Average age: │ │ │
39 years. │ │ │
─────────────┴─────────┴────────┴────────
Footnote 39:

Excess of births over pregnancies due to plural births.

Footnote 40:

Rate not computed because of small base.

Footnote 41:

Includes 21 having 10 pregnancies; 16 having 11; 11 having 12; 6
having 13; 3 having 14; 1 having 16.

TABLE XIII.—DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS OF REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES (LIVE
BIRTHS AND STILLBIRTHS) AND MISCARRIAGES, ACCORDING TO NUMBER PER MOTHER
AND HUSBAND’S EARNINGS.

═════════════╤════════════════════════════════════╤════════════════
SPECIFIED │ │
NUMBER OF │ │
PREGNANCIES │ │
FOR ALL │ │
MARRIED │ REPORTABLE PREGNANCIES. │ LIVE BIRTHS.
MOTHERS AND │ │
ANNUAL │ │
EARNINGS OF │ │
HUSBAND. │ │
─────────────┼──────┬────────────────────┬────────┼───────┬────────
│ │ Resulting births. │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┬────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
│ │ │Excess over │ Number │ │ Number
│Total.│Number.│pregnancies.│ of │Number.│ of
│ │ │ [42] │mothers.│ │mothers.
│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
All │ │ │ │ │ │
reportable │ 5,554│ 5,617│ 63│ 1,491│ 5,363│ 1,465
pregnancies │ │ │ │ │ │
═════════════╪══════╪═══════╪════════════╪════════╪═══════╪════════
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 938│ 946│ 8│ 233│ 902│ 227
$521 to $624│ 691│ 700│ 9│ 174│ 668│ 173
$625 to $779│ 816│ 826│ 10│ 229│ 797│ 227
$780 to $899│ 611│ 616│ 5│ 166│ 588│ 163
$900 to │ 574│ 581│ 7│ 146│ 548│ 143
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 196│ 199│ 3│ 50│ 186│ 49
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 1,728│ 1,749│ 21│ 493│ 1,674│ 483
│ │ │ │ │ │
1 reportable │ 339│ 343│ 4│ 339│ 322│ 318
pregnancy │ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 48│ 48│ │ 48│ 43│ 43
$521 to $624│ 23│ 23│ │ 23│ 22│ 22
$625 to $779│ 46│ 48│ 2│ 46│ 46│ 44
$780 to $899│ 35│ 35│ │ 35│ 32│ 32
$900 to │ 38│ 39│ 1│ 38│ 36│ 35
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 13│ 13│ │ 13│ 13│ 13
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 136│ 137│ 1│ 136│ 130│ 129
│ │ │ │ │ │
2 reportable │ 566│ 576│ 10│ 283│ 544│ 279
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 62│ 64│ 2│ 31│ 62│ 31
$521 to $624│ 72│ 74│ 2│ 36│ 68│ 36
$625 to $779│ 110│ 111│ 1│ 55│ 108│ 55
$780 to $899│ 56│ 56│ │ 28│ 53│ 28
$900 to │ 46│ 46│ │ 23│ 41│ 23
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 16│ 16│ │ 8│ 14│ 7
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 204│ 209│ 5│ 102│ 198│ 99
│ │ │ │ │ │
3 reportable │ 642│ 650│ 8│ 214│ 626│ 214
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 114│ 115│ 1│ 38│ 110│ 38
$521 to $624│ 102│ 104│ 2│ 34│ 101│ 34
$625 to $779│ 84│ 84│ │ 28│ 82│ 28
$780 to $899│ 87│ 87│ │ 29│ 83│ 29
$900 to │ 57│ 58│ 1│ 19│ 55│ 19
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 6│ 7│ 1│ 2│ 7│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 192│ 195│ 3│ 64│ 188│ 64
│ │ │ │ │ │
4 reportable │ 744│ 752│ 8│ 186│ 723│ 186
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 104│ 104│ │ 26│ 101│ 26
$521 to $624│ 88│ 89│ 1│ 22│ 86│ 22
$625 to $779│ 136│ 137│ 1│ 34│ 129│ 34
$780 to $899│ 96│ 97│ 1│ 24│ 95│ 24
$900 to │ 56│ 58│ 2│ 14│ 55│ 14
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 40│ 41│ 1│ 10│ 39│ 10
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 224│ 226│ 2│ 56│ 218│ 56
│ │ │ │ │ │
5 reportable │ 735│ 740│ 5│ 147│ 704│ 147
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 130│ 131│ 1│ 26│ 125│ 26
$521 to $624│ 90│ 91│ 1│ 18│ 85│ 18
$625 to $779│ 100│ 100│ │ 20│ 99│ 20
$780 to $899│ 110│ 110│ │ 22│ 106│ 22
$900 to │ 65│ 66│ 1│ 13│ 60│ 13
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 30│ 30│ │ 6│ 26│ 6
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 210│ 212│ 2│ 42│ 203│ 42
│ │ │ │ │ │
6 reportable │ 564│ 568│ 4│ 94│ 546│ 93
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 132│ 132│ │ 22│ 124│ 21
$521 to $624│ 60│ 60│ │ 10│ 59│ 10
$625 to $779│ 114│ 115│ 1│ 19│ 110│ 19
$780 to $899│ 48│ 48│ │ 8│ 48│ 8
$900 to │ 72│ 74│ 2│ 12│ 70│ 12
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 12│ 12│ │ 2│ 11│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 126│ 127│ 1│ 21│ 124│ 21
│ │ │ │ │ │
7 reportable │ 581│ 586│ 5│ 83│ 555│ 83
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 91│ 92│ 1│ 13│ 88│ 13
$521 to $624│ 56│ 56│ │ 8│ 51│ 8
$625 to $779│ 98│ 101│ 3│ 14│ 97│ 14
$780 to $899│ 35│ 35│ │ 5│ 32│ 5
$900 to │ 84│ 84│ │ 12│ 79│ 12
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 21│ 22│ 1│ 3│ 22│ 3
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 196│ 196│ │ 8│ 186│ 28
│ │ │ │ │ │
8 reportable │ 432│ 437│ 5│ 54│ 426│ 54
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 120│ 120│ │ 15│ 117│ 15
$521 to $624│ 96│ 98│ 2│ 12│ 94│ 12
$625 to $779│ 40│ 41│ 1│ 5│ 41│ 5
$780 to $899│ 48│ 49│ 1│ 6│ 46│ 6
$900 to │ 24│ 24│ │ 3│ 24│ 3
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 16│ 16│ │ 2│ 16│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 88│ 89│ 1│ 11│ 88│ 11
│ │ │ │ │ │
9 reportable │ 297│ 299│ 2│ 33│ 283│ 33
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 81│ 82│ 1│ 9│ 80│ 9
$521 to $624│ 72│ 72│ │ 8│ 70│ 8
$625 to $779│ 18│ 18│ │ 2│ 15│ 2
$780 to $899│ 18│ 19│ 1│ 2│ 17│ 2
$900 to │ 18│ 18│ │ 2│ 18│ 2
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 18│ 18│ │ 2│ 16│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 72│ 72│ │ 8│ 67│ 8
│ │ │ │ │ │
10 or more │ │ │ │ │ │
reportable │ 654│ 666│ 12│ 58│ 634│ 58
pregnancies│ │ │ │ │ │
─────────────┼──────┼───────┼────────────┼────────┼───────┼────────
Husband │ │ │ │ │ │
earns: │ │ │ │ │ │
Under $521 │ 56│ 58│ 2│ 5│ 52│ 5
$521 to $624│ 32│ 33│ 1│ 3│ 32│ 3
$625 to $779│ 70│ 71│ 1│ 6│ 70│ 6
$780 to $899│ 78│ 80│ 2│ 7│ 76│ 7
$900 to │ 114│ 114│ │ 10│ 110│ 10
$1,199 │ │ │ │ │ │
$1,200 and │ 24│ 24│ │ 2│ 22│ 2
over │ │ │ │ │ │
Ample[43] │ 280│ 286│ 6│ 25│ 272│ 25
─────────────┴──────┴───────┴────────────┴────────┴───────┴────────