Chapter II: Part I: The State as a Work of Art

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTION.

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Political condition of Italy in the thirteenth century 4

The Norman State under Frederick II. 5

Ezzelino da Romano 7

CHAPTER II.

THE TYRANNY OF THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY.

Finance and its relation to culture 8

The ideal of the absolute ruler 9

Inward and outward dangers 10

Florentine estimate of the tyrants 11

The Visconti 12

CHAPTER III.

THE TYRANNY OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY.

Intervention and visits of the emperors 18

Want of a fixed law of succession. Illegitimacy 20

Founding of States by Condottieri 22

Relations of Condottieri to their employers 23

The family of Sforza 24

Giacomo Piccinino 25

Later attempts of the Condottieri 26

CHAPTER IV.

THE PETTY TYRANNIES.

The Baglioni of Perugia 28

Massacre in the year 1500 31

Malatesta, Pico, and Petrucci 33

CHAPTER V.

THE GREATER DYNASTIES.

The Aragonese at Naples 35

The last Visconti at Milan 38

Francesco Sforza and his luck 39

Galeazzo Maria and Ludovic Moro 40

The Gonzaga at Mantua 43

Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino 44

The Este at Ferrara 46

CHAPTER VI.

THE OPPONENTS OF TYRANNY.

The later Guelphs and Ghibellines 55

The conspirators 56

Murders in church 57

Influence of ancient tyrannicide 57

Catiline as an ideal 59

Florentine view of tyrannicide 59

The people and tyrannicide 60