Chapter XI: Faustian and Apollinian Nature-Knowledge (5)

Eckhardt, Meister, on imitation, 191;
mysticism, 213;
egoism, 335;
wisdom and intellect, 409;
contemporaries, table i
Economic motives. _See_ Money
Economic organization, cultural attitude toward care, 138
Economics, and Western practical ethics, 367-369.
_See also_ Politics; Socialism
Eddas, space-expression, 185, 187;
and Western religion, 400, 423;
contemporaries, table i
Edessa, school, 63, 381;
and Arabian art, 209;
Baal, 407
Edfu, temple, 294
Edward I of England, and archery, 333_n._
Edward III of England, and archery, 333_n._
Egoism, in Western Culture, 262, 302, 309, 335
Egyptian Culture, historic aspect, 12;
and immortality, 13;
and pure number, 69;
historical basis, funeral custom, 135;
and care, 136;
and Mary-cult, 137;
attitude toward state, 137;
economic organization, 138;
stone as symbol, 188;
destiny-idea, path as prime symbol, 188, 189;
architectural expression, 189, 202;
brave style, 201-203;
and tutelage, 213;
streets, 224;
art composition, 243;
sculpture, 248_n._, 266;
and portrait, 262;
Civilization, 294, 295;
view of soul, 305;
morale, 315;
and discovery, 332;
and Socialism, 347;
and man-deification, 405_n._;
art epochs, table ii;
political epochs, table iii.
_See also_ Cultures; arts by name, especially Architecture
Egyptianism, contemporary periods, table iii
Eichendorff, Joseph von, poetry, 289
Eleatic philosophy, and motion, 305_n._, 388, 390
Elements, cultural concepts of physical, 383, 384. _See also_ Atomic
theories; Natural science
Eleusinian mysteries, dramatic imitation, 320
Elis, treaty, 10_n._
Emigration, cultural attitude, 336
Empedocles, elements, 327, 383, 384;
on atoms, 386
Emperor-worship, 405, 407, 411
Empire style, as Classicism, 207;
contemporaries, table ii
Encyclopedists, contemporaries, table i
Energy, and _voluntas_, 310_n._
Engels, Friedrich, and Hegelianism, 367;
position in Western ethics, 373
England, Manchester system and Western Civilization, 29, 151, 371;
imperialism and Napoleonic epoch, 149-151
Enlightenment, Age of, and movement, 155;
effect on monasticism, 316_n._;
and tolerance, 343;
and cult and dogma, 411
Entelechy, ahistoric aspect, 15
Entropy, theory, formulations, 420;
effect, 421-424
Epaminondas, and invented history, 11
Ephesus, Council of, and Godhead, 209
Epic, and religion, 399-402
Epictetus, and Jesus, 347
Epicureanism, practicality, 45;
morale, 315;
and will, 341, 342;
contemporaries, table i
Epicurus, Indian kinship, 347;
character of Nihilism, 357;
and Socialism, 358;
and mathematics, 366;
and ethics, 367;
contemporaries, table i
Epigoni, and Socialism, 374
Epistemology, and history, 119, 355
Epochs, personal and impersonal, 148. _See also_ Incident; Destiny
Epos, contemporaries of popular, table i
Erastosthenes, as creator, 425
Erechtheum, in style history, 108, 207
Eroticism. _See_ Sex
Esoterics, in Western Culture, 326-329.
_See also_ Popularity
Etching, Leonardo’s relation, 281;
as Western art, 290
Ethics, relation to Culture, 354;
period in philosophy, 365-367;
socio-economic character of Western, 367-369;
dramatical presentation of Western, 368, 372;
evolution theory, aspects, 369-372;
landmarks of Western, 373, 374;
exhaustion of period, 374.
_See also_ Metaphysics; Morale; Philosophy
Etruscan, round-buildings, 211_n._;
contemporaries of discipline, table i
Eucharist, cultural significance, 185, 186;
as centre of Western Christianity, 247
Euclid, mathematical style, 59, 64, 65;
limitation of geometry, 67, 88;
mathematical position, 90;
parallel axiom, 176_n._
_See also_ Geometry
Eudoxus, and higher powers, 66;
and infinity, 69, 69_n._;
and mathematic, 78, 90
Euler, Leonhard, mathematic, 78, 90;
and differentials, 86;
and time, 126;
contemporaries, 231, table i
Euripides, unpopularity, 35;
foreshadowing by, 111;
end-art, 223;
tragic method, 319
Europe, as historical term, 16_n._
Evolution. _See_ Darwinism
Exhaustion-method of Archimedes, 69
Experience, and historical sense, 10;
lived and learned, 55;
in Western concept of nature, 393;
and faith, 394;
and theory, 395
Experiment, and experience, 393
Exploration. _See_ Discovery
Expressionism, farce, 294
Extension, and direction, 99, 172;
and reason, 308.
_See also_ Space
Eyck, Jan van, portraits, 272, 309;
contemporaries, table ii
Eye, in sculpture, 329

Façades, cultural significance, 224; Renaissance, 235 Fact, and theory, 378 Fairies, cultural attitude, 336, 403 Faith, and Western mathematic, 78. _See also_ Religion Family, Western portraits, 266; Civilization and race-suicide, 359. _See also_ Motherhood Faraday, Michael, and theory, 100, 378, 416 Farnese Bull, theatrical note, 291 Fate, cultural attitude, 129. _See also_ Destiny Faunus, materiality, 403 Faustian soul, explained, 183. _See also_ Western Culture Fauxbourdon, music, 229 Fayum, 58_n._ Fear, and Classical and Western tragedy, 321 Federigo of Urbino, portrait, 279 Feeling, and “proper,” 53 Fermat, Pierre de, relation to Classical mathematic, 69; mathematic style, 74, 75, 90; problem, 76, 77; contemporaries, table i Feudalism, contemporary periods, table iii Feuerbach, Anselm von, act and portrait, 271_n._ Feuerbach, Ludwig A., provincialism, 24; position in Western ethics, 373; contemporaries, table i Fichte, Johann G., basis of Socialism, 362, 374; esoteric, 369; and mathematics, 374; contemporaries, table i Fifty-year period, cultural rhythm, 110 Fischer von Erlach, Johann B., architecture, 285 Flaminius, C., and economic motive, 36; and imperialism, 37 Fleury, Andre, Cardinal de, policy, 4, 349 Florence, culture city, loss of prestige 29, 33; cathedral, 184, 238; and Arabian Culture, 211; and Renaissance, 233-238; and Northern art, 236; character as state, 273. _See also_ Renaissance; Savonarola Fluxions, significance of Newton’s designation, 15_n._ Fontainebleau, park, 240 Force, as undefinable Western concept, numen, 390, 391, 398, 402, 412- 417; stages of concept, 417; contradictions, 418. _See also_ Natural science Forest, and Western cathedrals, 396 Form, and law, 97; and music, 219; and content, 242, 270 Forum of Nerva, craft-art, 198, 215 Forum of Trajan, ornament, 215 Fouquet, Nicolas, and gardening, 241 Four-part movement, 231 Fourteen Helpers, 400 Fourth dimension, and Classical mathematic, 66; and time and space, 124 Fox, Charles James, contemporaries, table iii Fragonard, Jean H., and music, 232 France, and maturity of Western Culture, 148, 150; _plein-air_ painting, 288, 289 Francesca, Piero della, and static space, 237; perspective, 240; and artistic change, 279, 287 Francis of Assisi, art influence, 249_n._; morale, 348; God-feeling, 395; contemporaries, table i Francis I of France, and imperial crown, 148 Franciscans, influence of Joachim of Floris, 20 François Vase, composition, 244 Frau Holle, and Mary-cult, 267 Frau Venus, symbolism, 403 Frazer, Sir J. G., error on “Unknown God”, 404_n._ Frederick the Great, and analogy, 4; on chance, 142_n._; contemporaries, table iii Frederick William I of Prussia, and Socialism, 138; Egyptian kinship, 347 Frederick William IV of Prussia, and German unity, 145 Free will, and destiny, 140, 141. _See also_ Will Freedom, and historical destiny, 39 Freiburg Minster, Viking Gothic, 213 French Revolution, incident and destiny in, 148, 149 Frescobaldi, Girolamo, music, 230 Frescos, Classical, and time of day, 225, 283, 325; Renaissance, 237, 275; displacement by oil, 279. _See also_ Painting Fresnel, Augustin J., light theory, 418 Friedrich, Kaspar D., and grand style, 289 Frigga, and Mary-cult, 267 Fronde, contemporaries, table iii Front, cultural basis of architectural, 224 Fugue, style and theme, 230, 231 Function, as symbol of Western Culture, 74-78; and proportion, 84; contrast with Classical construction, 85; basis of Western number, thought, 86, 87; Goethe’s definition, 86_n._; expansion in groups, aggregates, 89, 90, 426. _See also_ Mathematics Funeral customs, as cultural symbol, 134, 135, 158 Future, youth as, 152; cultural relation, 363

Gabrieli, Andrea, music, 252
Gabrieli, Giovanni, music, 226
Galen, as copyist, 425
Galileo, and natural philosophy, 7;
on nature and mathematics, 57;
and static idea, 236, 412;
dynamic world-picture, 311;
deeds of science, 355;
concept of force, 386, 415, 417;
and motion-problem, 390;
God-feeling, 396;
contemporaries, table i
Gama, Vasco da, spiritual result, 334
Gardening, as Chinese religious art, 190;
Western, perspective, 240, 241;
Renaissance, 241;
English, and ruins, 254
Gaugamela, battle, 151
Gaul, Cæsar’s conquest, 36_n._
Gauss, Karl F., style, 59;
artist-nature, 61;
mathematical position, 78, 85, 90, 176_n._;
and nonperceptual geometry, 88;
contemporaries, 112, table i;
and dimension, 170, 172;
and popularity, 327;
and metaphysics, 366;
goal of analysis, 418
Gaza, temple, 211
Gedon, Frau, Leibl’s portrait, 252_n._, 266_n._
Generations, spiritual relation, 110_n._
Geography, Classical Culture and, 10_n._;
influence on historical terms, 16_n._
_See also_ Discovery
Geology, and mineralogy, 96
Geometry, Kant’s error, 6_n._, 170, 171;
art expression, 61;
limitation of Classical, 67, 83, 88;
Descartes and infinite, 74;
Western mathematic and term, 81;
Western liberation, 86, 170_n._;
and arithmetic, 125, 126;
systems and corporeality, 176_n._;
and popularity, cultural basis, 327.
_See also_ Mathematics
George, Henry, autumnal accent, 241
Gerbert. _See_ Sylvester II
Géricault, Jean L. A. T., and grand style, 290
Germany, union as destiny, 144;
and music and architecture, 285;
diversion from music to painting, 289
Germigny des Près, church as mosque, 201
Gernrode Cathedral, simplicity, 196;
and antique, 275_n._
Gesture, as Classical symbol, 316;
in Classical tragedy, 317
Gesu, Il, church at Rome, façade, 313;
God-feeling, 395
Ghassanid Kingdom, 215
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, and Gothic, 225_n._, 235, 238
Ghirlandaio, Il, Dutch influence, 236
Giacomo della Porta, architecture, 314;
God-feeling, 395
Gigantomachia, and decline of art, 291
Giorgione, Il, and impressionism, 239;
clouds, 240;
colour, 251, 252;
and body, 271
Giotto, childlike feeling, 212;
technique, 221;
and fresco-art, 237;
and Francis of Assisi, 249_n._;
Gothic, 235, 274;
God-feeling, 395;
contemporaries, table ii
Giovanni Pisano, sculpture, 212, 235, 238, 263
Glass painting, Gothic and Venetian, 252;
contemporaries, table ii
Gluck, Christopher W., contemporary mathematics, 78, 90;
character of arias, 219_n._;
music, 260;
period, 284
Gnostics, music, 228;
dualism, 248, 306;
contemporaries, table i
Gobelins, and music, 232
God, Western, and will, 312. _See also_ Religion
Görres, Jakob J. von, and dualism, 307
Goes, Hugo van der, in Italy, 236
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, and living nature and vision, vii, 95, 96,
105, 111_n._, 113, 140, 154, 389;
influence on Spengler, xiv;
historic consciousness, 14, 142, 159;
on life, 20;
on mankind, 21;
and world-as-history, 25, 99, 104;
as Classicist, 30;
and Darwinism, 35, 111_n._, 370;
and actuality, 42, 43;
as philosopher, 49_n._, 365_n._;
on becoming and become, 49_n._, 53;
and intuition, 56;
on vision and observation, 61;
and mathematics, 61, 65, 75;
and Plato’s Ideas, 70;
on function, 86_n._;
on form and law, 97;
on symbols, 102_n._;
on historiography, 103;
and morphology, 104_n._, 111;
on blossoming of art, 107;
display of individuality, 110;
foreshadowing by, 111;
and causal effort, nature-studies, 118, 155-157, 422;
on reasonable order, 123;
and the Almighty, 124;
dramatic form, 129, 318;
destiny in life, 139, 145, 146, 281;
and imperialism, 149;
theory of colour, 157_n._, 158_n._, 246;
as Kant’s opposite, 159;
and style as organism, 205;
and imagination, 220;
Northern pantheism, 250, 251_n._;
on soul and body, 259;
lyrics, 286;
and confession, 300;
as biographer, 316;
and time of day, 324;
Faust as symbol of Civilization, 354;
ethical passion, 355;
variety of religion, 394;
and cult and dogma, 411;
on application of reason, 412;
and world-force, 413, 417;
contemporaries, table i
Götterdämmerung, Christian form, 400
Gold, and Arabian Culture, 247;
contrasting Classical use, 253_n._
Golden Age, cultural basis of concept, 363
Golden Legend, contemporaries, 400
Gorgias, autumnal accent, 207
Gospels, contemporaries, table i
Gothic, and Doric, 27;
architecture, and depth-experience, 177, 184, 185, 187, 198-200;
cathedrals as ornament, 195;
sculpture, nude, cathedral groups, 196, 197, 227, 231, 261, 266, 272;
as stage of style, 202;
and Arabian, borrowings, 211, 213;
musical association, 229, 230;
aliveness, 233;
in Italy, and Renaissance, 234-238;
esoteric, 243;
Italian, and Francis of Assisi, 249_n._;
and later Western expression, 252;
and nature, 264;
philosophy, will and reason, 308;
God-feeling, 395;
forest, cathedral, and organ, 396;
contemporaries, tables ii, iii.
_See also_ Art; Western Culture
Goujon, Jean, sculpture, 244
Government. _See_ Politics
Goya y Lucientes, Francisco, technique, 221;
act and portrait, 271_n._, 264;
ease, 292;
contemporaries, table ii
Goyen, Jan van, landscape as portrait, 287
Gracchi, and economic organization, 138;
as incident, 139
Grace, and destiny, 140, 141
Granada, and Arabian Culture, 216
Grassmann, Hermann G., religion and mathematic, 70
Gravitation, shaky hypothesis, 418
Great Mother of Pessinus, Rome and cult, 405
Greco, El, clouds, 240
Greece, and Europe, 16_n._ _See also_ Classical Culture
Green, symbolism, 245, 246
Gregory VII, pope, morale, 349
Grote, George, narrow Classicalism, 29
Groups, as culmination of Western mathematic, 89, 90, 427
Grünewald, Matthias, clouds, 240;
colour, 246, 250, 288;
and Renaissance, 274
Guardi, Francesco, painting, 207, 220
Guercino, Giovanni F. B., colour, 246;
and musical expression, 250
Guido d’ Arezzo, music, 228
Guido da Siena, and Madonna, 267
Guilhem of Poitiers, professionalism, 229_n._
Gundisapora, school, 63
Gunpowder, relation to Baroque, 278_n._, 333
Gymnastics, and sport, 35

Habit, applied to a Culture, 108
Hadrian, analogy, 4;
Pantheon as Arabian, 211
Hadrian’s Villa, type, 211_n._
Haeckel, Ernst H., and Civilization, 252;
faith in names, 397_n._
Hageladas, contemporaries, table ii
Hagia Sophia, period, 108;
miracle, 130_n._;
character, 184, 200;
mosque as resumption, 211;
acanthus motive, 215
Halo, history, 130_n._
Hals, Frans, musical expression, 250;
period, 283
Hamadryads, materiality, 403
Han Dynasty, importance, 94;
contemporaries, table iii
Handel, George F., and dominance of music, 231;
colour expression, 252_n._;
Catholicism, 268_n._;
oratorios, 283
Hannibal, contemporaries, 112, table iii;
historical position, 144;
ethical exception, 349
Happiness, and Classical ethic, 351
Harakiri, and Greek suicide, 204_n._
Hardenberg, Karl A. von, reorganization of Prussia, 150_n._
Harmodius, statue, 269_n._
Haroun-al-Raschid, analogies, 38;
contemporaries, table ii
Hauran, basilica type, 210, 210_n._
Haydn, Joseph, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
orchestration, 231;
colour expression, 252_n._;
and Praxiteles, 284;
period, 284;
ease, 291;
as religious, 358
Hebbel, Friedrich, provincialism, 24;
and practical philosophy, 45;
on research and vision, 102;
and cultural contrasts, 128;
as dramatist, 143, 290;
causal effort, 156;
and Civilization, 352;
nebulous aim, 363;
and Hegelianism, 367;
and economic ethics, 370, 371, 373;
character of atheism, 408_n._
Hegel, Georg W. F., and history, 19, 22;
and mystic philosophy, 365_n._;
and mathematics, 366;
and critique of society, 367, 374;
esoteric, 369;
contemporaries, table i
Heimarmene, in Classical tragedy, 320
Hei, and Valhalla, 400
Helen, and Kriemhild, 268
Helios, as god, 147_n._, 402
Hellenism, contemporaries, tables i, ii
Hellenistic art period, contemporaries, table ii
Helmholtz, Hermann L. F. von, time and mathematic, 64;
on natural science and mechanics, 377;
on electrolysis, 385_n._;
Archimedes as contemporary, 386
Henry the Fowler, and Cyaxares, 4
Henry the Lion, morale, 349
Hera, Samian temple, 225_n._
Heracles, Vatican torso, 255
Heracles legends, contemporaries, table i
Heraclitus, morale, 268_n._, 315, 343;
popularity, 327;
and Stoicism, 356;
wisdom and intellect, 409
Heræa, treaty, 10_n._
Heræum of Olympia, timber construction, 132
Herbart, Johann F., ethics, 367
Herder, Johann G. von, and history, 19
Hermes, cults, 406
Hermes Trismegistus, and chemistry, 383
Herodotus, ahistoric consciousness, 9, 146
Hersfeld, and antique, 275_n._
Hertz, Heinrich, and theory, 378;
and motion-problem, 391, 414, 416
Hesiod, contemporaries, table i
Hilda, Saint, passing-bell, 134_n._
Hildesheim Cathedral, simplicity, 196;
and antique, 275_n._
Hipparchus, as scientist, 9, 330
Hippasus, irrational numbers and fate, 65_n._
History, Spengler and morphology, xi;
and destiny and causality, experiencing and thinking, 3, 118, 121,
151;
repetitions of expression-forms, 4, 27;
needed technique of analogies, 5;
consciousness, 8;
historic and ahistoric Cultures, 8-12, 97, 103, 132-136, 254, 255,
264, 363;
consciousness and attitude toward mortality, 13;
concept of morphology, 5-8, 26, 39, 100, 101;
form and form feeling, 15, 16;
irrational culminative division scheme, 16-18, 22;
origin of the scheme, 18;
Western development of it, 19, 20, 94;
theory of distinct Cultures, 21, 22;
provincialism of Western thinkers, 22-25;
world-as-history, thing-becoming, 25, 95;
single riddle, 48;
time essence, 49;
and intuition, 56;
definite sense and nature, 55, 57, 94;
and Culture, 55;
detached view, 93;
research and vision, 96, 102, 105, 142;
anti-historical and ahistorical, 97_n._;
chronology, 97;
as original world-form, 98;
“scientific, possibility, 98, 153, 154;
and mechanistic world-conception, 99;
and direction and extension, 99, 100;
portraiture of Cultures, 101, 104, 105;
memory-picture, 103;
elements of form-world, 103, 104;
phenomena, 105, 106;
future task, organic culture-history, 105, 159;
stages of a Culture, 106-108;
preordained durations, 109;
homology, 111;
cultural contemporaneousness, 112;
enlarged possibilities, restoration and prediction, 112, 113;
teleology and materialistic conception, 121;
cultural basis of viewpoint, 131;
cultural symbols, clock;
bell, funeral customs, museums, 131, 134-136;
cultural feeling of care, 136-138;
judgment and life, 139;
incident and destiny, Western examples, 143, 148;
grandiose demand of Western, 145;
incidental character of Classical, 146, 147;
as actualizing of a soul, 147;
impersonal and personal epochs, 148;
effect of Civilization-period, 152;
and happening, 153;
causal harmonies, 153, 154, 158;
confusion in causal method, 155-157;
physiognomic investigation, 157;
symbolism, 163;
of styles, 205;
and cultural art expression, 249, 253;
and portrait, 264;
and will, 308;
and action, 343;
cultural opposition, 386;
in natural science, 389.
_See also_ Becoming; Destiny; Nature; Politics; Spirit; Time
Hittites, inscriptions, 12_n._
Hobbema, Meyndert, colour, 246
Hobbes, Thomas, and actuality, 42
Hölderlin, Johann C. F., narrow Classicalism, 28_n._;
autumnal accent, 241;
and confession, 264;
lyrics, 286;
and fatherland, 335
Hoffmann, Ernst T. A., “Johannes Kreisler”, 276_n._, 285
Hogarth, William, position, 150_n._, 283
Holbein, Hans, colour, 250;
contemporaries, table ii
Holy Grail legend, cultural significance, 186, 198;
elements, 213
Holy Roman Empire, contemporaries, table iii
Home, Henry, on ruins, 254_n._
Home, significance of term, 33_n._;
cultural basis of conception, 83, 334-337.
_See also_ Politics
Homer, contemporaries, 27, table i;
soul, 203, 305;
religion, 268_n._;
gods, 312, 313;
popularity, 328;
and Classical ethics, 349
Homology, historical application, 111, 112
Horace, and duration, 65_n._, 132
Horizon, and mathematics, 171;
in Western landscape painting, 239, 242
Horn, Georg, and term Middle Age, 22
Horoscopes, cultural attitude, 147
Houdon, Jean A., sculpture as painting, 245
Hucbald, music, 228
Hugo van der Goes. _See_ Goes
Huguenot wars, character, 33
Humboldt, Alexander von, Ethical Socialism, 374
Hus, John, contemporaries, table i
Hwang-Ti, contemporaries, table iii
Hygiene, as phenomenon of Civilization, 361
Hyksos Period, contemporaries, 111, tables ii, iii;
feebleness, 149
Hyksos Sphinx, 108, 262
Hypsicles, as Arabian thinker, 63

Iamblichus, on statues of gods, 216;
contemporaries, table i
Ibn-al-Haitan, on light, 381
Ibn Kurra, contemporaries, table i
Ibsen, Henrik, world-conception, 20;
provincialism, 24, 33_n._;
sex problem, 35;
unpopularity, 35;
and practical philosophy, 45;
causal effort, 156;
tragic method, 318;
and morale, 346;
and Civilization, 352;
character of Nihilism, 357;
journalism, 360;
nebulous aim, 363, 364;
and socio-economic ethics, 372-374
Iconoclasts, Arabian principle, 262;
contemporaries, table i
Idea, and destiny, 121
Idolatry, Arabian iconoclasm, 262;
Classical attitude, 403
Iliad, spatial aspect, 198
Ilya Murometz, Russian saga, 201_n._
Image, cultural basis of idea, 216
Imagination, music as channel, 220
Imitation, qualities and aim, 191-194;
opposition to ornament, 194-196;
period in architecture, 197;
in music, 228.
_See also_ Ornament
Imperialism, negative character of Roman, 36;
and Civilization, 36;
Western destiny, 37, 38;
origin of Western, Napoleon’s relation, 148;
cultural attitude, 336;
cultural contemporaries, table iii
Impressionism, as space, 184;
beginning, 239;
Leonardo’s relation, 277;
full meaning, 285-287;
later _plein-air_, 288;
in Wagner’s music, 292
Improvisation, as manifestation, 195
Incident, world, 142;
and destiny, 138-144;
and cause, 142;
and style of existence, 142-147;
as basis of Western tragedy, 143;
historical use, 143.
_See also_ Destiny
India, Napoleon and, 150
Indian Culture, ahistorical basis, 11, 12, 133;
anonymous philosophy, 12;
mathematic, 84, 178;
sex attitude, 136;
attitude toward state, 137;
morale, passive, 315, 341, 347;
Buddhism and Civilization, 352;
spiritual epochs, table i.
_See also_ Buddhism; Cultures
Indo-Iranian art period, contemporaries, table ii
Infinity, and Classical mathematic, 69;
in Western Culture, 74-76, 81-84;
and new notation, 76-78;
limit as a relation, 86;
and Western science, 418, 427.
_See also_ Depth-experience; Space
Innocent III, pope, and Western morale, 348
Inquisition, and Western faith, 410
Integral calculus. _See_ Calculus
Intellect, and nature, 157. _See also_ Will
Intelligence, and atheism, 409
Interregnum, Germanic, period as episode, 149
Intuition, and learning, 55, 56
Ionic, and Doric, 205;
contemporaries, tables ii, iii.
_See also_ Architecture; Column
Irak, synagogue music, 228
Irrationalism, cultural attitude, 64-66, 68, 83
Isis, motherhood, 137;
cult, 406, 407
Islam, analogy to Mohammed, 39;
Mohammed as epoch, 149;
architectural expression, 208, 209, 211;
iconoclasm, 262;
and home, 335;
Mohammed’s unimposed mystic benefits, 344_n._;
Puritanism, 356;
Mohammed’s contemporaries, table i;
fatalism period, table i.
_See also_ Arabian Culture; Religion
Issus, battle, mosaic, 214
Italy, liberation as episode, 151;
and music, 230
I-Wang, contemporaries, table iii

Jacobins, and reason and will, 308 Jacopo della Quercia, and ornament, 238 Jahn, Friedrich L., and gymnastics, 35_n._ James, Henry, on ruins, 254_n._ Jansenism, and theoretical science, 66, 314_n._; Puritanism, 356; contemporaries, table i Janus, materiality, 403 Japan, harakiri, 204_n._; art and the nude, 262_n._ Jason of Pheræ, contemporaries, table iii Jesuitism, and Baroque architecture, 313; style in science, 412. _See also_ Loyola Jesus, as Son of Man, 309; and Arabian morale, 344, 347; unimposed glad tidings, 344_n._ _See also_ Christianity Joachim of Floris, world-conception, 19, 229, 261; and “passion”, 320_n._; contemporaries, table i John, Saint, and world-history, 18_n._; dualism in Gospel, 306 Journalism, as phenomenon of Civilization, 360 Judaism, architectural expression, 209, 211_n._; psalmody, 228; Kabbala, dualism, 248, 307, 312; and home 335. _See also_ Arabian Culture Judgment, and necessity, 393 Julius II, pope, Raphael’s portrait, 272 Juppiter Dolichenus, cult, 406_n._ Juppiter Feretrius, temple and oath, 406 Juppiter Optimus Maximus, cult, 406 Jurisprudence, esoteric Western, 328 Justinian, period of fulfilment, 107; and Hagia Sophia, 130_n._ Justus van Gent, in Italy, 236

Kabbala, dualism, 248, 307
Kalaam, determinism, 307
Kant, Emmanuel, and space and time, 6_n._, 7, 64, 122, 124-126, 143,
169, 170, 173-175;
and history, 19;
provincialism, 23;
contemporaries, 27, table i;
final Western systematic philosophy, 45, 365-367;
as philosopher of Being, 49_n._;
and nature and mathematics, 57, 64, 68, 78, 366, 379;
_a priori_ error, 59;
mechanistic world-conception, 99;
and causality and destiny, 118-120, 151;
and the Almighty, 124;
and incident, 143;
as Goethe’s opposite, 159;
on knowledge of thought, 299;
egoism, 310, 335;
esoteric, 327;
and compassion, 350, 362;
and ethics, 354, 355;
and materialism, 368;
on judgment, 393;
on force, 413
Karlstadt, Andreas R., contemporaries, table i
Karma, Buddhist interpretation, 357
Karnak, contemporaries, table ii
Katharsis, Classical, 322, 347.
_See also_ Drama
Kelvin, Lord, and æther, 418
Kepler, Johan, mathematic and religion, 71, 330;
horoscope for Wallenstein, 147;
deeds of science, 355;
and mass, 415
Kirchhoff, Gustav R., on physics and motions, 388
Kishi, church architecture, 201_n._
Kismet, 129, 307.
_See also_ Destiny
Klein, Felix, and groups, 90
Kleist, Heinrich B. W. von, as dramatist, 290
Kleisthenes of Sikyon, tyranny, 33
Knowledge, comparative forms, 59, 60;
virtue and power, 362;
and feeling, 365;
as naming of numina, 397
Kriemhild, and Helen, 268
Krishna worship, and sex, 136_n._
Kwan-tsi, and actuality, 42

Lagrange, Comte, mathematic, 66, 78, 90;
on mechanics, 124;
and force, 417;
contemporaries, table i
La Hale, Adam de, operetta, 229
Landscape, as Chinese prime symbol, 174, 190, 196, 203;
horizon in painting, 239;
Western gardening, 240;
Baroque, as portrait 270_n._, 287;
_plein-air_, 288, 289;
and dramatic scene, 326
Lanfranc, controversy, 185
Langton, Stephen, as warrior, 349_n._
Language, of Culture, 55;
word and number, 57;
beginning of word-sense, 57;
paired root-words, 127;
personality-idea in Western, 262, 302, 309, 310, 413_n._;
as cultural function, 302_n._
_See also_ Names; Writing
Laocoön group, theatrical note, 291;
and Pre-Socratic philosophy, 305
Lao-tse, and imperialism, 37;
and actuality, 42.
Laplace, Marquis Pierre de, mathematic, 78, 90;
contemporaries, 112, table i;
and force, 413, 417
Lasso, Orlando, style, 230
Lateran Council, and Western Christianity, 247
Latin, as Stoic creation, 361
Lavoisier, Antoine L., chemistry, 384, 426
Law, and form, 97
League of Nations, Chinese ideas, 37
Learning, and intuition, 55, 56
Legends, contemporary, table i
Legnano, battle, a symbol, 349
Leibl, Wilhelm, significance of colour, 252;
portraiture, 266;
and body, 271;
and grand style, 289-291;
etching, 290;
striving, 292
Leibniz, Baron von, and actuality, 42;
mathematics, metaphysics, and religion, 56, 66, 70, 126, 366, 394;
relation to Classical mathematic, 69;
calculus, 75, 78, 82, 84, 90;
and vision, 105;
and Nicholas of Cusa, 236;
esoteric, 327;
and mystic philosophy, 365_n._;
monads as quanta of action, 385;
Democritus as contemporary, 386;
and force, 413, 415-417;
contemporaries, table i
Leipzig, battle, issue, 35
Lenbach, Franz von, copyist, 295
Le Nôtre, André, gardening, 240_n._, 241
Leo III, pope, and iconoclasm, 262
Leochares, contemporary mathematic, 90
Leonardo da Vinci, astronomical theory, 69;
spirituality, 128;
Dutch influence, 236;
and background, 237;
and impressionism, 239, 287;
and sculpture, 244;
colour, 246;
and body, 271;
and portrait, 272;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
discovery as basis of art, 277-279;
and circulation of the blood, 278;
and aviation, 279;
Western soul and technical limitation, 279-281;
and dynamics, 414
Lessing, Gotthold E., world-conception, 20;
and cultural contrasts, 128;
and Aristotle’s philanthropy, 351;
and cult and dogma, 411
Lessing, Karl F., colour, 252
Leucippus, atoms, 135, 385, 386
Li, contemporaries, table iii
Licinian Laws, myth, 11
Life, and soul and world, 54;
duration, specific time-value, 108;
duration applied to Culture, 109;
Classical Culture and duration, 132;
and willing, 315.
_See also_ Death
Light and shadow, cultural art attitude, 242_n._, 283, 325_n._
Light theories, electro-magnetic, 156_n._;
Newton’s, and Goethe’s theory of colour, 157_n._, 158_n._;
cultural basis, 381;
contradictory, 418
Limit, as a relation, 86
Linden, as symbol, 396
Lingam. _See_ Phallus
Lingayats, sect, 136_n._
Ling-yan-si, Saints, 260
Linois, Comte de, and India, 150_n._
Lippi, Filippino, Dutch influence, 236
Liszt, Franz, Catholicism, 268_n._;
contemporaries, table ii
Literature. _See_ Art; Drama; History; Poetry; writers by name,
especially Dante; Goethe; Ibsen
Livy, on strange gods, 405
Lochner, Stephen, God-feeling, 395
Locke, John, and imperialism, 150;
contemporaries, table i
Loggia dei Lanzi, artistic sentiment, 272
Logarithms, liberation, 88
Logic, organic and inorganic, 3, 117;
of time and space, 7;
and mathematics, convergence, 57, 427;
and morale, 354.
_See also_ Causality
Logicians, contemporaries, table i
Lokoyata, contemporaries, table i
London, culture city, 33
Loredano, doge, portrait, 272
Lorentz, Hendrik A., and Relativity, 419
Lorenzo de’ Medici, and music, 230
Lotze, Rudolf H., ethics, 367
Louis XIV, uncleanliness, 260;
contemporaries, table iii
Louisiana, Napoleon’s project, 150
Loyola, Ignatius, and style of the Church, 148;
architectural parallel, 314;
and Western morale, 348;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
and method, 412
Lucca, and Arabian Culture, 216
Lucian, and Philopatris dialogue, 404_n._
Lucullus, L., army, 36
Ludovisi Villa, garden, 240
Lully, Raymond, music, 283
Luther, Martin, and “know”, 123;
and destiny, 141;
as epoch, 149;
and works, 316_n._;
and Western morale, 348, 349, 355;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
contemporaries, table i
Luxor, contemporaries, table ii
Lycurgus, myth, 11
Lysander, deification, 405
Lysias, portrait, 270
Lysicrates, Monument of, acanthus motive, 215
Lysippus, contemporary mathematic, 90;
sculpture, 226, 260_n._;
period, 284;
canon, 287;
straining, 291;
irreligion, 358;
contemporaries, table ii
Lysistratus, and portraiture, 269

Machault, Guillaume de, and counterpoint, 229_n._
Machiavellism, and mimicry, 371
Macpherson, James, autumnal accent, 241
Macrocosm, idea, 163-165;
cultural and intercultural, 165;
expression, 180;
and style-problem, 214-216.
_See also_ History; Morphology; Nature; Symbolism; World-conceptions
Maderna, Stefano, sculpture, 244;
God-feeling, 395
Madonna, in Western art, 136, 267, 280.
_See also_ Marycult; Motherhood
Madrid, culture city, 32, 109
Madrigals, character, 229
Mæcenas, park, 34
Magdeburg Cathedral, Viking Gothic, 213
Magian soul, explained, 183. _See also_ Arabian Culture
Magnetism, Cabeo’s theory, 414
Magnitude, emancipation of Western mathematic, 74-78;
and relations, 84, 86
Mahavansa, as historical work, 12
Mainz Cathedral, and styles, 205
Makart, Hans, copyist, 295
Malatestas, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Malthus, Thomas R., and Darwinism, 350, 369, 371
Manchester system, and Western Civilization, 151, 371;
and Darwinism, 369
Mandæans, as Arabian, 72;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Manet, Édouard, unpopularity, 35;
and body, 271;
landscapes, 288;
_plein-air_ painting, 288-290;
weak style, 291;
striving, 292;
and Wagner, 292;
irreligion, 358
Mani, and mystic benefits, 344_n._;
and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Manichæanism, as Arabian, 72;
architectural expression, 209, 211;
music, 228;
dualism, 306;
and home, 335
Mankind, as abstraction, 21, 46
Mantegna, Andrea, technique, 221, 239;
and colour, 242;
and portrait, 271;
and statics, 414
Marble, and later Western sculpture, 232, 276_n._;
Greek use, 248_n._, 253;
Michelangelo’s attitude, 276.
_See also_ Stone
Marcellus II, pope, and Church music, 268_n._
Marcion, and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Marcus Aurelius, and monotheistic tendency, 407
Marées, Hans, significance of colour, 252;
portraiture, 266, 271, 271_n._, 309;
and grand style, 289, 290;
striving, 292
Marenzio, Luca, music, 251
Marius, C., and economic motive, 36;
contemporaries, table iii
Mars Ultor, temple, ornament, 215
Marseillaise, morale, 355
Marsyas, Myron’s, lack of depth, 226
Marwitz, Friedrich A. L. von der, and Hardenberg, 150_n._
Marx, Karl, and practical philosophy, 45;
and earlier and final Socialism, 138;
and superficially incidental, 144;
character of Nihilism, 352, 357;
and Hegelianism, 367;
socio-economic ethics, 372, 373;
contemporaries, table i
Mary-cult, as symbol, 136;
Madonna in Western art, 267, 280
Masaccio, and artistic change, 237, 279, 287
Mashetta, castle, façade, 215
Mask, and Classical drama, 316, 317_n._, 318, 323
ass, Western functional concept, 415;
effect of quantum theory, 419
Materialism, and Goethe’s living nature, 111_n._;
Buddhism as, 356;
in Western ethics, 368;
and Socialism, 370
Mathematics, spatial concept, 6_n._, 7;
plurality, cultural basis, 15, 59-63, 67, 70, 101, 314;
position, 56;
and extension, 56;
and nature, 57;
wider-culture vision and analogy, 57, 58;
beginning of number-sense, 59;
as art, 61, 62, 70;
vision, 61;
of Classical Culture, positive, measurable numbers, 63-65, 69, 77;
and time and becoming, 64, 125, 126;
symbolism in Classical, 65-67, 70;
religious analogy, 66, 70, 394;
and empirical observation, 67;
character of Arabian, 71-73;
primitive levels, 73;
Western, and infinite functions, 74-76;
Western need of new notation, 76;
as expression of world-fear, 79-81;
and Western meaning of space, 81-84, 88;
and proportion and function, 84;
construction _versus_ function, 85;
virtuosity, 85;
and physiognomic morphology, 85;
Western, and limit as a relation, 86;
Western abstraction, 86, 87;
Western conflict with perception limitations, 87, 170, 171;
culmination of Western, groups, 89, 90, 426;
paradigm of Classical and Western, 90;
and the how, what, and when, 126;
cultural relation to art, 129, 130;
Classical sculpture and Western music as, 284;
impressionism, 286;
vector and Baroque art, 311;
esoteric Western, 328;
and philosophy, 366;
replacement by economics, 367;
theory of aggregates, and logic, 426;
cultural contemporary epochs, table i.
_See also_ Nature; Number; branches by name
Matter. _See_ Body; Natural science
Matthew Passion. _See_ Schütz, Heinrich
Maxwell-Hertz equations, 418
Maya Culture. _See_ Mexican
Mayer, Julius Robert, and theory, 378;
and conservation of energy, 393, 412, 417
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, morale, 349
Mazdaism, as Arabian, 209;
architectural expression, 211;
and pneuma, 216;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Mazdak, contemporaries, table i
Meander, motive, 316, 345
Mechanics, and fourth dimension, 124.
_See also_ Motion; Natural science
Mediæval History, as term, 16, 22
Medicis, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Megalopolitanism, and Civilization of a Culture, 32-35, 38;
and systematism, 102.
_See also_ Civilization
Melody, Classical and Western, 227
Memlinc, Hans, in Italy, 236;
and Renaissance, 274
Memory, conception, 103;
as organ of history, 132;
as term, 132
Mencius, practical philosophy, 45
Mendicant Orders, as exception, 348
Menes, contemporaries, table iii
Menzel, Adolf F. E., and body, 271;
impressionism, 286;
and grand style, 290, 291
Merovingian-Carolingian Era, contemporary art epochs, table ii
Mesopotamia, synagogues, 210
Messenians, provided history, 11
Metaphysics, and scientific research, 154;
and symbolism, 163;
Western and pairs of concepts, 311;
basis of Classical, 311;
period in philosophy, 365-367.
_See also_ Ethics; Philosophy.
Mexican (Maya) Culture, and historical scheme, 16, 18;
and time measurement, 134_n._;
ornament, 196;
and tutelage, 213
Meyer, Eduard, on Spengler, x;
on Classical Culture and geography, 10_n._
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, Rossini on Huguenots, 293
Michelangelo, liberation of architecture, beginning of Baroque, 87,
206, 225_n._, 313;
materiality, obsession by the architectural, 128;
St. Peter’s, 206, 238;
and passing of sculpture, 223, 244;
anticipations, 263;
and physiognomy of muscles, 264;
nude, and portrait, 272;
sonnets, 273;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
unsuccessful quest of the Classical, 275-277, 281;
and marble, 276;
architecture as final expression, 277;
and popularity, 327;
God-feeling, 395;
contemporaries, table ii
Michelozzo, Bartolommeo di, and Classical, 415
Michelson, Albert A., experiments, 419
Middle Kingdom, contemporaries, tables i-iii
Milesians, physical theory, 386
Miletus, form-type of Didymæum, 204;
and Egypt, 225
Milinda, King, and Nagasena, 356
Military art, Western, 333_n._
Mill, John Stuart, and economic ascendency, 367, 373
Millennianism, as Western phenomenon, 363, 423
Mineralogy, and geology, 96
Minerva Medica, Syrian workmen, 211
Ming-Chu, contemporaries, table iii
Ming-ti, contemporaries, table iii
Minkowski, Hermann, imaginary time, 124_n._;
and Relativity, 419
Minnesänger, rules, 193;
imitative music, 229
Mino da Fiesole, and portrait, 272
Minoan art, character, 198;
contemporaries, 241
Minstrels, imitative music, 229
Mirabeau, Comte de, and imperialism, 149;
contemporaries, table iii
Miracles, cultural attitude toward, 392, 393
Missionarism, Stoic, 344_n._;
and diatribe, 360
Mithraists, and pneuma, 216;
form-language of mithræa, 224;
music, 228;
cult in Rome, 406, 406_n._
Mitylene, episode and Classical time-sense, 133_n._
Moab, Castle of Mashetta, 215
Modern History, as irrational term, 16-18
Mörike, Eduard, poetry, 289
Mohammed. _See_ Islam
Moissac, church ornamentation, 199
Molière, tragic method, 318
Mommsen, Theodor, on Classical historians, 11;
narrow Classicalism, 28
Monasticism, and Western morale, 316_n._;
order-movement, 343;
mendicant orders, 348
Money, Roman conception, 33;
as hall-mark of Civilization, 34-36
Monophysites, Islam as heir, 211;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Monteverde, Claudio, music, 226, 230, 249, 283
Morale, plurality, cultural basis, no conversions, 315, 345-347;
Western, and activity, 315;
and analysis, 341;
Western moral imperative, 341, 342;
intellectual and unconscious concepts, 341_n._;
Western purposeful motion, ethic of deed, 342-344, 347;
Western Christian, 344, 348;
and art, 344;
morphology, 346;
compassion, cultural types of manly virtue, 347-351;
real and presumed, phrases and meanings, 348;
Classical, and happiness, 351;
instinctive and problematic, tragic and plebeian, 354, 355;
end phenomena, cultural basis, 356-359;
Civilization and diatribe, 359, 360;
and diet, 361;
qualities and aim of Socialism, 361-364;
and cultural atomic theories, 386.
_See also_ Ethics; Spirit
Moravians, as exception, 348
Morphology, Spengler and historical, xi;
concept of historical, 5-8, 26, 39;
historical, and symbolism, 46;
historical, ignored, 47;
symmetry, 47;
historical and natural, 48;
historical, Western study of comparative, 50, 159;
comparative, knowledge forms, 60;
of mathematical operations, 85;
systematic and physiognomic, 100, 101, 121;
of world-history explained, 101;
of Cultures, 104;
historical homology, 111, 112;
element of causal and destiny, 121;
of morales, 346;
of history of philosophy, 364-374;
of exact sciences, 425
Mortality. _See_ Death
Mosaic, as cultural expression, 214;
and Arabian gold background, 247;
eyes, 329;
contemporaries, table ii
Mosque, architectural characteristics, 200, 210;
contemporaries, table ii
Motherhood, cultural attitude, meaning, 136, 137;
and destiny, portraiture, 267
Mo-ti, practical philosophy, 45
Motion, and fourth dimension, 124;
Eleatic difficulty, 305_n._;
and natural science, 377, 387-391.
_See also_ Natural science
Motion pictures, and Western character, 322
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
period, 108, 284;
orchestration, 231;
colour expression, 252_n._;
ease, 292;
contemporaries, table ii
Mummies, as symbol, 12, 13, 135
Murillo, Bartolomé, period, 283
Murtada, and will, 311
Museums, as historical symbols, 135;
change in meaning of word, 136
Music, thoroughbass and geometry, 61;
mathematical relation, 62, 63;
of Baroque period, 78;
and proportion and function, 84;
bodilessness of Western, development, 97, 177, 230, 231, 283;
history of instruments, 195;
Western church, as architectural ornament, 196, 199;
as art of form, 219, 221_n._;
and allegory, 219_n._;
as channel for imagination, 220;
Classical, 223, 227, 252_n._;
form-ideal of Western, 225;
technical contrast of Classical and Western, 227_n._;
word and organism, cultural basis, 227, 228;
Arabian, 228;
Chinese, 228;
imitation and ornament, 228;
ornamental and imitative Western, 229;
secularization, thoroughbass, 230;
of Renaissance, 234;
Flemish influence in Italy, 236;
and horizon in painting, 239;
pastoral, and gardening, 240;
esoteric Western, 243;
as Western prime phenomenon, 244, 281-284;
and Western painting, 250, 251;
instruments and colour expression, 252;
instrumental as historical expression, 255;
and uncleanliness, 260_n._;
and portrait, 262, 266;
Catholic, 268_n._;
Michelangelo’s tendency, 277;
Western, and Classical free sculpture, 283, 284;
climacteric instruments, 284;
and Rococo architecture, 285;
impressionism, 285, 286;
and later German school of painting, 289;
Wagner and death of Western, 291, 293;
his impressionism, 292;
and Western soul, 305;
and Western concept of God, 312;
and character, 314;
place of organ, 396;
Western contemporary natural science, 417;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
_See also_ Art
Muspilli, and Northern myths, 400, 423
Mutazilites, contemporaries, table i
Mycenæ, funeral customs, 135;
contemporaries, tables, ii, iii
Mycerinus, dynasty, 58_n._
Myron, sculpture as planar art, 225, 226, 283;
Discobolus, 263, 264
Mysteries, Classical, 320. _See also_ Religion
Mysticism, art association, 229;
and dualism, 307;
cultural culmination, 365_n._;
and concept of force, 391;
contemporaries, table i
Myth, natural science as, 378, 387
Mythology, significance in Classical Culture, 10, 11, 13;
origin, 57.
_See also_ Religion

Nagasena, materialism, 356
Names, as overcoming fear, 123;
concretion of numina, 397
Napoleon I, analogies, 4, 5;
romantic, 38;
imperialism, 42, 149-151;
as destiny and epoch, 142, 144, 149;
egoism, 336;
morale, 349;
and toil for future, 363;
contemporaries, table iii
Napoleonic Wars, and cultural rhythm, 110_n._
Nardini, Pietro, orchestration, 231
Natural science, mechanics and motion, cultural basis of postulate,
377, 378;
fact and theory, cultural images, 378-380;
Western, and depth-experience, tension, 380, 386, 387;
and religion, cultural basis, 380-382, 391, 411, 412, 416;
scientific period of a Culture, 381;
cultural relativity, 382;
cultural nature ideas and elements, 382-384;
statics, chemistry, dynamics, cultural systems, 384;
cultural atomic theories, 384-387;
thinking-motion problem, system and life, 387-389;
mechanical and organic necessity, 391;
cultural attitude on mechanical necessity, 392-394;
things and relations, 393;
conservation of energy and Western concept of experience, 393;
theory and religion, Western God-feeling, 395;
naming of notions, 397;
and atheism, 409;
Western dogma of undefinable force, provenance, stages, 412-417;
as to Western statics, 414, 415;
mass concept of Civilization, work-idea, 416, 417;
disintegration of exact, contradictions, 417-420;
physiognomic effect of irreversibility theory, 420-424;
effect of radioactivity, 423;
decay, 424;
morphology, convergence of separate sciences, 425-427;
anthropomorphic return, 427.
_See also_ Nature
Natural selection, and Western ethics, Superman, 371. _See also_
Darwinism
Naturalism, antiquity, 33, 207, 288;
in art, 192
Nature, contrast of historical morphology, 5, 7, 8;
definite sense, and history, 55, 57, 94-98, 102, 103;
and learning, 56;
mathematics as expression, 57;
as late world-form, 98;
mechanistic world-conception, 99, 100;
systematic morphology, 100;
and causality and destiny, 119, 121, 142;
cultural viewpoints, 131, 263;
timelessness, 142, 158;
historical overlapping, living harmonies, 153, 154, 158;
and intellect, 157;
personal connotations, 169;
soul as counter-world, 301;
and reason, 308.
_See also_ Causality; History; Mathematics; Natural science; Space;
Spirit
Naucratis, and Miletus, 225_n._
Naumann, Johann C., architecture, 285
Nazzâm, on body, 248;
contemporaries, table i
Necessity, mechanical and organic, 391
Nemesis, character of Classical, 129, 320. _See also_ Destiny
Neo-Platonists, as Arabian, 72;
and pneuma, 216;
and body, 248;
dualism, 306;
unimposed mystic benefits, 344_n._
Neo-Pythagoreans, and body, 248;
and mechanical necessity, 393
Nerva, forum, 198, 215
Nestorianism, and art, 209, 211;
music, 228;
and home, 334;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Neumann, Karl J., on Roman myths, 11
New York City, and megalopolitanism, 33
Newton, Sir Isaac, and “fluxions”, 15_n._;
artist-nature, 61;
mathematic and religion, 70, 396, 412;
mathematical discoveries, 75, 78, 90;
and time and space, 124, 126;
light theory, and Goethe’s theory, 157_n._, 158_n._, 422;
dynamic world-picture, 311;
deeds of science, 355;
and motion-problem, 390, 391;
and metaphysics, 366;
and force and mass, 415, 417;
contemporaries, table i
Nibelungenlied, and Homer, 27;
esoteric, 328;
and Western Christianity, 400-402
Nicæa, Council of, and Godhead, 249
Nicephorus Phocas, and Philopatris dialogue, 404_n._
Nicholas of Cusa, astronomical theory, 69;
religion and mathematic, 70;
musical association, 236;
contemporaries, table i
Nicholas of Oresme, and beginning of Western mathematic, 73, 74, 279;
art association, 229;
Occamist, 381
Niese, Benedictus, on Roman myths, 11
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, influence on Spengler, xiv, 49_n._;
provincialism, 24;
Classical ideology, 28, 28_n._;
on city life, 30;
unpopularity, 35;
practical philosophy, 45;
and historical unity, 48;
and detachment, 93;
and Wagner, 111, 291, 370;
on history and definition, 158;
on art witnesses, 191;
autumnal accent, 241;
on Greeks and colour, 245;
on “brown” music, 252;
on Greeks and body, 260;
will and reason, 308;
and morale, 315, 342, 346;
and home, 335;
actuality of “Mann”, 347, 350;
and Civilization, 352;
character of Nihilism, 357;
and diet, 361;
nebulous aim, 363, 364;
and mystic philosophy, 365_n._;
and mathematics, 366;
ethics and metaphysics, 367;
materialism, 368;
and evolution and Socialism, 370-372;
position in Western ethics, 373, 374;
on pathos of distance, 386;
dynamic atheism, 409;
contemporaries, table i
Niflheim, lack of materiality, 403
Nihilism, and finale of a Culture, 352;
cultural manifestations, 357
Nirvana, ahistoric expression, 11, 133;
and zero, 178;
conception, 347, 357, 361.
_See also_ Buddhism
Nisibis, and Arabian art, 209
Northmen, discoveries, 330
Norwich Cathedral, simplicity, 196
Notre-Dame, Madonna of the St. Anne, 263
Nude, in Classical art, necessity, 130, 260-262, 317;
cultural basis of feeling, 216, 270, 272;
as element of Classical Culture only, 225
Nürnberg, loss of prestige, 33;
church statuary, 103;
church and styles, 205;
as religious, 358
Numa, cult, 185;
contemporaries, table i
Number, chronological and mathematical, 6, 7, 70, 97;
defined, 67;
numbers and mortality, 70;
Arabian indeterminate, 72;
Western Culture and functional, 74, 75, 90;
Western attitude and notation, 76, 332_n._;
symbolism, 82, 165;
astronomical, 83, 332_n._;
cultural attitudes, 88;
and the become, 95;
and numbering, 125;
Indian conception, 178;
functional, and causality, 393.
_See also_ Mathematics
Numina, naming, 397. _See also_ Religion
Nyaya, contemporaries, table i

Oak, as symbol, 396 Occamists, physical theory, 381, 389 Odo, Bishop, as warrior, 349_n._ Odysseus, as enduring, 203 Okeghem, Joannes, music, 130; and popularity, 243 Oken, Lorenz, and dualism, 307 Old Kingdom, and care, 137; contemporaries, tables ii, iii Old Nordic art, as Arabian, 215 Oldach, Julius, act and portrait, 271_n._ Omar, Mosque of, characteristics, 200_n._ Ommayad period, homology, 111 Opera, and orchestra, 230 Oracle, Classical, 147 Oratorio, and orchestra, 230 Orchomenos, funeral customs, 135 Oreads, passivity, 336 Oresme. _See_ Nicholas of Oresme Organ, and Western devotions, 396 Origen, and dualism, 306; morale, 348; contemporaries, table i Ormuzd, Persian God, 312 Ornament, qualities and aim, 191-194; opposition to imitation, 194-196; building and its symbolic decoration, 196; pictorial period, 197; and Civilization, 197, 294; in music, 228, 230, 231; Renaissance, 233_n._, 238. _See also_ Decoration; Imitation Orpheus, cult, 185; as Christian title, 408_n._; contemporaries of discipline and movement, table i Otto the Great, egoism, 336 Owen, Sir Richard, and morphology, 111

Pachelbel, Johann, organ works, 220
Pacher, Michael, colour, 250
Paderborn Cathedral, simplicity, 196
Pæonius, Nike, 263;
period, 284
Pæstum, temple, 224, 235
Paewati worshippers, sect, 136_n._
Painting, perspective and geometry, 61;
allegorical, 219_n._;
and form-ideal of Classical sculpture and Western music, 226, 232;
word and organism, 227;
Flemish influence in Italy, 236;
Renaissance fresco to Venetian oil, line to space, 237, 279-281;
development of background in Western, 239;
form and content, outline and colour, 242;
cultural expression and popularity, 243;
oil, as Western prime phenomenon, period, 244, 281-283;
Classical and Western colours, 245-247;
outdoor and indoor, 247;
symbolism in brushwork, 249;
of Western Civilization, 251;
Baroque portraits, 265;
and destiny of Western art, 276_n._;
Leonardo and discovery, spiritual space, 277-280;
Western studio-brown, pictorial chromatics, 250, 288;
Classical limitation, 283, 287;
full meaning of Impressionism, 285-287;
19th Century episode, _plein-air_, 288;
German school and grand style, 289;
Baroque and concept of vector, 311;
and time of day, 325;
Western, and spectator, 329;
Western, and contemporary natural science, 417;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
_See also_ Art; Portraiture
Palazzo Farnese, style, 205;
Michelangelo’s cornice, 275
Palazzo Strozzi, style, 234;
and artistic sentiment, 272
Palermo, and Arabian Culture, 211, 216
Palestrina, Giovanni da, style, 220, 230, 323;
and popularity, 243;
Michelangelo’s heir, 274, 277;
God-feeling, 395
Palladio, Andrea, style, 30, 414
Palma, Jacopo, colour, 252
Palmyra, basilica, 209_n._;
Baal, 407
Pan, idea, 403
Panama Canal, Goethe’s prophecy, 42
“Panem et circenses”, as symbol, 362
Pantheon, as mosque, 72, 211
Paolo Veronese, clouds, 240;
colour, 252
Papacy, contemporaries, table iii
Paracelsus, Philippus, and chemistry, 384
Parallel axiom, 83, 88, 176_n._
Paris, and Athens, 27;
culture city, 33;
autumnal city, 79;
Flemish influence, 236_n._;
as irreligious, 358
Paris, Peace of (1763), and imperialism, 150
Park. _See_ Gardening
Parmenides, civic world-outlook, 33;
thinking and being, 387
Parthenon, Three Fates as type, 268;
horse’s head, Rubens contrast, 271;
popularity, 327
Pascal, Blaise, and actuality, 42;
faith and experience, 66, 394;
mathematic, and Archimedes, 69, 75, 90, 126;
and predestination, 141;
and Jansenists, 314_n._;
and Western morale, 348;
contemporaries, table i
Passion, in Christian cult, 320_n._
Passivity, as Classical trait, 315, 320;
and pathos, 320_n._
Past, and passing, 166
Pastels, and music, 232
Paterculus, C. Velleius, view of art, 205
Path. _See_ Way
Pathos, and passion, 320_n._
Patina, symbolism, 253
Patriotism, cultural concept, 334-337
Patristic literature, contemporaries, table i
Paul, Saint, and world-history, 18_n._;
and dualism, 306;
and will, 344;
and diatribe, 360;
error on “Unknown God”, 404
Paulicians, and art, 209, 211;
iconoclasm, 262;
contemporaries, table i
Paulinzella Monastery, simplicity, 196;
and antique, 275_n._
Pausanias, culture, 254_n._;
on altars to unknown gods, 404_n._
Pazzi, chapel, 313
Peace, Classical and Western conception, 275_n._
Peasant, as Culture relic, 354
Peloponnesian War, as epoch, 149
Pepi. _See_ Phiops
Perception, and “alien”, 53;
Western transcendency, 87-89;
space and time as forms, 169-171, 173
Percival, archetype, 402
Pergamene art, modernity, 111;
composition, 244, 260;
gigantomachia, 291, 352;
actuality, 364;
contemporaries, table ii
Pericles, homology, 111;
portrait, 130_n._, 269;
and economic organization, 138;
morale, 349
Peripatos, contemporaries, table i
Persians, architectural expression, 209;
and home, 335;
contemporary art periods, table ii.
_See also_ Arabian Culture
Perspective, Classical attitude, 109;
Western painting and gardening, 240-242;
as soul-expression, 310_n._;
Western, and astronomy, 330
Perugino, technique, 249;
and portraiture, 272;
and artistic change, 279;
simplicity, 280
Pessimism, and Spengler’s theories, xiv, 40
Peter the Great, and Europe, 16_n._
Peterborough Cathedral, simplicity, 196
Petra, Baal, 407
Petrarch, Francesco, analogy, 4;
historic consciousness, 14;
narrow Classicalism, 29, 275
Petrinism, Tolstoi’s connection, 309
Phallus, as symbol, cult, 136, 267, 320
Phidias, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
and portraiture, 130_n._;
and soulless body, 225, 267;
popularity, 243;
and self-criticism, 264;
and marble, 276;
and Handel, 284;
period, 284;
as religious, 358;
contemporaries, table ii
Philanthropy, Aristotle’s, 351
Philippe de Vitry, and counterpoint, 229_n._
Philo, and body, 248;
and Jesus, 347
Philopatris dialogue, source, 404_n._
Philosopher’s Stone, as symbol, 248, 307
Philosophy, truth and individual attitude, xv;
natural and historical, 7, 8;
anonymous Indian, 12;
provincialism, 22, 23;
epochal limitations, cultural boundaries, 41, 46, 364, 367;
test of value, actuality, 41-43;
present-day Western, and cultural destiny, 43-45;
development of Western practical, 45;
scepticism as final Western, 45, 374;
of becoming and become, 49_n._;
and mathematics, 56, 64, 366;
Kant’s postulates, 59;
comparative forms of knowledge, 60;
and names, 123;
scientific, of time, 124;
tabulation of categories, 125;
and death, 166;
Western art association, 229;
of Culture and Civilization, 354, 355;
cultural questions, early posing, 364;
course within each Culture, 364;
metaphysical and ethical periods, 365-367.
_See also_ Ethics; Metaphysics; Spirit
Phiops, Western contemporary, 202_n._;
statue, 265
Phlogiston theory, Stahl’s, 384
Phœnicians, and discovery, 65, 333
Phrynichus, fine, 321
Physics, cautious hypotheses, 156;
Jesuits and theoretical, 314_n._;
and popularity, cultural basis, 327, 328.
_See also_ Natural science
Physiognomy. _See_ Destiny; Portraiture
Picturesqueness, and historical expression, 255
Piero della Francesca. _See_ Francesca
Pigalle, Jean B., sculpture, 244
Pindar, as religious, 358
Pine, as symbol, 396
Piombo, Sebastiano del. _See_ Sebastiano
Piræus, and unknown gods, 404
Pisano, Giovanni. _See_ Giovanni
Pisistratidæ, as period of fulfilment, 107
Planck, Max, atomic theory, 385, 419
Plane, significance in Egyptian architecture, 189
Plastic. _See_ Sculpture
Plato, ahistoric consciousness, 9, 14;
and clepsydra, 15;
provincialism, 22;
and actuality, 42;
philosopher of the becoming, 49_n._;
metaphysics and mathematics, 56, 67, 69, 71, 84, 90, 366;
and the irrational, 66;
and Goethe’s “mothers”, 70;
and mechanistic world-conception, 99;
foreshadowing by, 111;
and the Almighty, 124;
Kant on, 125;
as Aristotle’s opposite, 159;
anamnesis, 174;
and idolatry 268_n._;
on soul, 304, 305;
and ego, 311;
and ethics, 354;
and mystic philosophy, 365_n._;
and science and religion, 394;
contemporaries, table i
_Plein-air_, as Civilization painting, 252;
characterized, 288
Pliny, on Mesopotamian temples, 210_n._;
on Lysistratus, 269;
on Lysippus, 287;
as collector, 425
Plotinus, world, 56;
and philosophical transition, 72;
and vision, 96;
homology, 111;
and body, 248;
and dualism, 306;
and Jesus, 347;
and Arabian Culture, 383;
and mechanical necessity, 393;
contemporaries, table i
Plutarch, as biographer, 14, 316;
and dualism, 306
Pneuma, as Arabian principle, 216, 329;
and eyes in Arabian art, 329.
_See also_ Dualism
Pöppelmann, Daniel, architecture, 285
Poetry, infinite space in Western, 185;
Western, as confession, 264, 273;
Western and Classical lyric, 286, 324.
_See also_ Drama; Literature
Poincaré, Henri, on mathematical vision, 61_n._
Point, and Western geometry, 74, 82, 89
_Point de vue_, in Rococo parks, 240
Polar discovery, as symbol, 335
_Polis_, as Classical symbol, 83, 147, 334
Polish, as symbol in art, 248_n._
Politics, inadequate basis for historical deductions, 46;
under Classical Culture, 83, 147, 334;
meaning of the state, 137;
spatial aspect of Western, 198;
origin of Arabian state, 212;
Renaissance attitude, 273;
cultural conception, 334-337;
and atomic theories, 386;
contemporary cultural epochs, table iii.
_See also_ Imperialism; Philosophy; Socialism
Pollaiuolo, Antonio, Dutch influence, 236;
goldsmith, 237
Polybius, ahistoric consciousness, 10
Polycletus, contemporary Western music, 27,112, 177, 284;
contemporary mathematic, 78;
sculpture, canon, 177, 225, 226, 231, 260_n._, 283, 284;
present-day appeal, 255;
and self-criticism, 264;
and statue of Augustus, 295;
and fresco, 321
Polycrates, contemporaries, table iii
Polygnotus, contemporaries, 112, table ii;
frescoes, background, colour, 147, 183, 221, 243, 245, 283, 330
Pombaditha, academy, 381
Pompeii, wall-paintings, 287
Pompey the Great, army, 36
Pope, Alexander, type, 254
Popularity, cultural basis, 85, 243, 326-328, 362;
in colour, 246
Porcelain, and Western music, 231
Porphyry, and “antique”, 20_n._;
academy, 281
Port Royal, contemporaries, table i.
_See also_ Jansenism
Porta, Baccio della. _See_ Bartolommeo
Porta, Giacomo della. _See_ Giacomo
Portinari altar, 236
Portraiture, and biography, 12;
character of Classical, nude sculpture, 13, 260, 261, 264, 265, 269,
272;
cultural basis and expression, character and attitude, 101, 104, 216,
260, 317;
portrait as Western expression, 130, 261-266;
and Arabian Culture, 223;
and Gothic, 261, 266;
and confession, 264;
contrast of act and portrait, 262, 266, 270, 271;
depth-experience, impressionism, 266, 287;
child and group portraits, motherhood, 266-268;
Renaissance, 271-273;
Leonardo’s relation, 281;
landscape as, 270_n._, 287;
Roman statues, 295;
and will, 309;
American, as irreligious, 358_n._
_See also_ Soul
Portuguese, and discovery, 333
Poseidon, temple of, as model, 224
Posidonius, and dualism, 306;
as collector, 425
Potsdam, architecture, 207
Poussin, Nicolas, musical analogy, 220;
colour, 246;
period, 283
Prag, loss of prestige, 33
Praxiteles, contemporary mathematic, 90;
sculpture, 226, 270;
Hermes, 264;
and womanhood, 268;
and Haydn, 284;
period, 284;
ease, 291
Predestination. _See_ Destiny
Present, and becoming, 54;
significance in Classical Culture, 63, 65-67
Pre-Socratics, philosophy, 41, 175, 305;
and mathematics, 366;
contemporaries, table i
Prime phenomena, Goethe’s living nature, vii, 95, 96, 105, 111_n._,
113, 140, 154, 389;
in history, 105;
and destiny, 121;
of Western Culture, 244.
_See also_ Symbols
Principle, and causality, 121
Proclus, and Jesus, 347
Procopius, courtier, 207
Progress, as phenomenon of Civilization, 352, 361
Prohibition, and Civilization, 361
Proper, and alien, 53
Proportion, and function, 84
Propylæa, popularity, 327
Protagoras, conception of man, 311, 392;
popularity, 327;
and Classical morale, 351;
and Stoicism, 356;
problem, 365;
condemnation, 411
Protestantism, colour symbolism, 250;
of etching, 290;
and works, 316_n._;
as symbol, 343.
_See also_ Reformation.
Proud’hon, Pierre Joseph, position in Western ethics, 373
Providence, and destiny, 141
Provinces, defined, 33
Provincialism, philosophical and historical, 22-25
Prussia, great periods, 36;
English basis of reorganization, 150_n._
Psalmody, Jewish, 228
Pseudomorphosis, Late-Classical style, 209-212, 214;
and image, 216;
music, 228
Psychologists, period, contemporaries, table i
Psychology, “scientific”, and soul, 299-303, 313;
as counter-physics, 301;
and will and _soma_, 319
Ptolemy II Philadelphus, and ruler-cult, 405
Ptolemy, L. Claudius, relation of Copernicus, 139_n._;
as copyist, 425
Puget, Pierre, sculpture, 244
Punic Wars, as classic, 36;
and cultural rhythm, 110_n._;
homology, 111;
intensity, 333
Purcell, Henry, pictorial music, 283
Pure reason, and destiny, 120
Puritanism, as common cultural feature, 112;
and destiny, 141;
and imperialism, 148;
cultural contemporary epochs, table i
Putto, as art motive, 266
Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre, and religious painting, 288_n._
Pygmalion and Galatea, and marble, 276
Pyramids, period, 58_n._, 203
Pyrrho, contemporaries, table i
Pyrrhus, Roman war, 36
Pythagoras and Pythagoreans, analogy, 39;
and actuality, 42;
mathematical vision, 57, 58;
and Classical mathematic, 61, 62, 64;
new number, and fate, 65_n._, 82, 90;
mathematic and religion, 70, 394;
contemporaries, 112, table i;
and Copernicus, 330;
and mystic philosophy, 365_n._;
and metaphysics, 366

Quadratures, and Archimedes’ method, 69 Quantum theory, effect, 419 Quattrocento, and Gothic, 221. _See also_ Renaissance Quercia, Jacopo della. _See_ Jacopo Quesnay, François, economic theory, 417