Chapter XIV: The Form-World of Economic Life (2)

Economics, and writing, 152, 155;
classes and political estates, 333, 348, 477;
relation to politics, power and booty, 344, 345, 347, 474-476;
and learning, 347;
and estates, 356, 357;
and class-history, 367 n.;
material basis of English concept, 469;
not self-contained, 469;
English premisses of usual concept, 469, 479;
real, as physiognomic, 470;
and politics as sides of being, 470, 471;
“in form” as self-regarding, 471;
hunger-death, 471;
relation to family, 471;
significance of history, form-language, 472;
customary ethic, 472;
and religion, 473;
waking-being in, 473;
producing and acquisitive, 474;
under city life, 476;
morphology, 476-480;
production, preparation, and distribution, 478;
subjects and objects in classes, 479, 493;
no worker-class, 479 n.;
spring time of Culture, traffic in “goods,” and “possession,” 480;
status of dealer then, 481;
early small-scale traffic, 481 n.;
town life and trade, “wares” and money measure, 481-484;
fortune displaces possession, 483;
as urban, under Civilization, 484.
_See also_ Money; Technique; Waking-being

Ecstasy, Arabian, 242, 244, 245

Eddas, and nature and history, 286 n.

Edessa, location, 200 n.;
and substance controversy, 256

Edinburgh, as intellectual centre, 305 n.

Education, universal, as instrument of press, 462

Egyptian Culture, as historic, 28;
problems of study, 38;
Hyksos Period, 38, 41, 428 n., 453;
date of beginning, 39 n.;
basis of law, 67 n.;
Minoan art, 88;
Civilization and depopulation, 106;
and sea-folk, 109, 122, 164;
alphabetical script, 152;
nations under, 178 n.;
beast-deities, 276 n.;
religion and way symbol, 279, 281;
Re religion as Reformation, 296;
Syncretism, 313;
early nobility, 350;
and genealogy, 351;
relation of primary estates, 353;
Pharaoh as Horus, 373;
feudalism and interregnum, 375;
dynastic-idea, 379, 380;
Fronde in, 386;
Middle Kingdom, absolutism, 387;
period of Cæsarism, 427, 435;
money concept, 486, 489 n., 491 n.;
financial organization, 495.
_See also_ Cultures

Elections, as civil war, 415;
decay, electorate as objects, 432, 456, 463;
as political means, suffrage and technique, 447;
size and influence of electorate, 455.
_See also_ Democracy

Electors, rise in Empire, 373;
and Thirty Years’ War, 388, 391

Electricity, clearing-house analogy, 490 n.

Elephantine documents, 209

Eleusinian mysteries, 203

Elkazites, origin, 220 n.;
disappearance, 252

Elxai, sacred book, 220 n.

Empedocles, suicide, 283

Emperor-mythology, Chinese, 286, 379

Emperor-worship, and law of creed-communities, 68;
Western and Eastern aspects, 203;
and Syncretism, 253;
Chinese, 313;
Cicero and, 433

Empire, as Germanic idea, 181. _See also_ Imperialism

Engineer, as master of Western technique, 504, 505

England, development of law, 62, 75, 76, 78;
and dynastic idea, 183;
and Western religious concepts, 294 n.;
politics and predestination, 304;
property law, 371;
Normans and finance, 372;
Magna Charta and control by nobility, rise of Parliament, 373;
Puritan Revolution, 389, 390;
eighteenth-century class absolutism, 392-394;
Parliamentarism and democracy, reform, 402-404, 412, 412 n., 414;
politics, Rationalism and money, 403, 441;
and French Revolution, 411, 412;
cessation of yeomanry, 449 n.;
political flair, 451;
and conception of economics, 469, 479

Enoch, fictitious, 72 n.

Ephesus, Council of, and Christian split, 257;
and reform, 296

Ephors, and succession, 380

Epic, as rural, 93;
Russian hero-tales, 192;
Arabian period, 250.
_See also_ Literature

Epicurus, cult, 314

Epimenides, as dogmatist, 282

Epistemology. _See_ Knowledge

Epoch, as term, 33 n.

Equality, and party, 449

Equities, big-money party, 402;
creation, 411;
decay, 432;
and populus, 451

Equity, and statute law, 363

Eras, as Arabian idea, 239

Erckert, Roderich von, on Jewish type, 175

Erigena, John Scotus, world-concept, 242 n.

Essenes, tendency, 211

Estates, beginning, 280;
as term, 329 n.;
“in form” and cultural history, 330-332;
and residue classes, caste, 332-334;
and occupation classes, 333, 348, 477;
relation to non-estate, 334;
and society, 343;
build and course of Cultures, 347;
primary, and economy and science, 347;
relation to peasantry, vassalage, 348, 349;
end of primary, 357;
primary and existence of State, 362;
and laws, 364;
contest with State, 366;
final effort for rule, 385, 386;
and parties, 449.
_See also_ Democracy; Nobility; Politics; Priesthood

Ethics, and truth, 144;
Jesus and morals, 217;
meaning of religious, 271, 272;
moral defined, negations and being, 272-274;
character of social, 273;
duality of moral, noble and priestly, 341;
custom-ethic, crowd, honour, 342, 343;
in economic life, 348, 472;
dual moral and law, 363.
_See also_ Philosophy; Religion; Truth

Etruscan language, and Roman cults, 154 n.;
as Roman, 395 n.

Etruscans, as name, and people, 164;
no nation, 173

Eubulus of Athens, and finance, 372, 494

Eudaimonia, Rationalism, 307

Eugene IV, pope, insurgent faction, 381 n.

Euhemerism, 306

Evolution. _See_ Darwinism

E’we language, 140

Exchequer, origin of term, 372

Exegesis. _See_ Sacred books

Exekias, vase-painting, 135

Exilarch, position, 208

Expansion, political aspect of Classical conquests, 407. _See
also_ Imperialism

Experience, egoistic basis, 26

Expositio, of German law, 76

Expression, defined, 133

Ezekiel, Persian influence, 208;
and Talmud, 208;
revelation, 245

Ezra, and Talmud, 208

Fabii, and Roman history, 336

Factions, political, 448

Factory-worker, as agent of Western technique, 504

Facts, and truths, 11, 12;
as starting point of history, 47;
and politics, 368

Faith, defined, and intellect, 266, 269, 271;
and life, 271;
Luther’s concept and contrition, 298;
under Rationalism, 308, 309.
_See also_ Religion; Truth

Falasha, as Jews, 176 n.;
as tribe, 348, 479

Family, and State, 329, 336;
cultural basis, 330;
relation of priesthood, 337;
cultural styles of nobility, 350, 351;
“in form” relation, 362;
inward experience, 365;
and economic side of being, 471.
_See also_ Sex

Fan-Sui, character, 419

_Fas_, and _jus_, 72, 78

Fate, cultural attitude, 267. _See also_ Destiny; Religion

Faustian Culture. _See_ Western Culture

Fear, human, relation to invisible, 8, 12;
of death, 15, 16;
and “thou,” 133;
and speech, 133, 139;
and Arabian apocalypse, 212;
and religion, 265

Feeling, and understanding, 136;
language and domination of intellect, 144, 145

Fehbellin, battle, importance, 182

Fellahism, as post-Civilization residue, 105;
as term, 169;
of Arabian nations, 178;
and pacifism, 185, 186;
religious, 314;
rigidity, 362

Ferdinand V of Spain, dynasty-idea, 381

Feudalism, cultural contemporaries, 39, 40;
Arabian, 196-199;
Byzantine, 199;
vassalage, 349;
union of power and booty, fiscal machinery, 371, 372;
rise, idea, 371, 376;
Western national stirrings, 372;
rise of control by Western nobility, 372, 374;
world-power idea, Empire-Papacy contest, 373, 374;
Classical, and polis, 374;
decay, interregnum, 375;
economy, 477

Ficinus, Marcilius, and Devil-cult, 291

Fictitious authorship, significance in Arabian Culture, 72 n.

Fifty-year period, cultural rhythm, 392 n.

Finance, rise of officialdom, 371;
classical attitude, 383. _See also_ Money

Finck, F. N., on word and sentence, 141

Firm, as Western symbol, 490

Flaminius, C., significance, 65;
conquest, 408;
consul-list, 409 n.;
and finance, 410, 411;
and party, 451

Flaminius, T. Quinctius, and political organization, 452

Flavius, Cneius, son of freedman, 166 n.

Force, alteration in concept, 307;
Western dynamic Rationalism, 309.
_See also_ Motion; Technique

Foreign relations, unilateral law, 364-366;
in conflict of estates and State, 367;
importance of inner authority, 369;
as field of high politics, 440, 447;
war as primary relation, 440.
_See also_ Peace; War

Form, being “in form,” 330;
of historical movement, 361;
family and State, 362;
Civilization and loss, Cæsarism, 398, 404, 406, 418, 431;
economic “in form,” 471

Fortune, as displacing possession, 483

Fourier, François, M. C., and English economics, 469

Fourth Estate, significance, 358. _See also_ Crowd

Fox, Charles James, and French Revolution, 412

France, Anatole, on law, 64;
and moral, 272 n.

France, sterility, 106;
national origin, 182;
States-General, 373;
absolutism and Fronde, 388, 390;
impractical politics, 403;
financial and military rule, 415.
_See also_ French Revolution

Francis of Assisi, and compassion, 273

Franciscans, as urban, 92

Francke, August H., Pietism, 308

Franco-German War, German bankers and French loans, 402 n.

Frangipani, and Papacy, 354

Frankish dynasty, notion, 379 n.

Fratres Arvales, end of records, 255;
rites, 314;
formal restoration, 433

Frau Holde, and Mary-cult, 299

Frederick I Barbarossa, and Henry the Lion, 180 n.

Frederick II, emperor, and finance, 372, 489

Frederick the Great of Prussia, and conscription, 420 n.;
tact of command, 444;
economics and politics, 475

Frederick William of Brandenburg, as real ruler, 389

Frederick William I of Prussia, and army, 415;
as politician, 443;
finance, 489

Frederick William III of Prussia, and army, 406

Freedom, rise of idea, significance, 354, 356, 358;
as negation, 456;
and money, 481 n.

French Revolution, and dynastic idea, 183;
political significance, 387;
struggle for internal control, 398;
not economic, 399 n.;
and mob, 400;
English ideas and practices, 403, 411, 412;
as unique, 411;
and set of incidents, 411 n.

Frobenius, Leo, on primitive Culture, 33;
on Arabian “cavern,” 233

Fronde, significance, 386, 404;
European absolutism, 388;
principle in Thirty Years’ War, 389;
struggle elsewhere, outcome, 390, 404;
period in Arabian Culture, 423

Fugger, city nobility, 356;
small-scale traffic, 481 n.

Function, Western money concept, 486, 489

Furniture, race in, 122

Gaia cult, 283

Gaius, Institutes, 67

Galba, unimportance, 50

Gallienus, mounted corps, 199;
historyless, 432

Gamaliel, influence, 209

Gao-dsung, and Nestorians, 260

Gathas, Gnosis, 228

Gelnhausen, cathedral art, 123

Gelon, and Syracuse, 382 n.

Genealogy, and fear, 265;
time-mythology, 286;
as Western-principle, 350;
and Chinese ancestry-worship, 351;
inherited will, 377;
and money, 449 n.
_See also_ Dynastic idea

Genesis, influences, 209 n.

Georgia, State religion, 253

Germanic law, development, 75, 76

Germany, and Roman law, 76, 77;
and Western Civilization, 109;
dynasty and nationalism, 181-183;
politics, army, and administration, 415, 444;
character of constitution of 1919, 457 n.
_See also_ Holy Roman Empire; Prussia

Gesture, as sign of language, punctuation, 134;
and words, 140 n.

Ghassanids, court, poetry, 198

Ghetto, as Jewish mode, 315, 317

Giotto, as Gothic, 291

Gnosis, and Chaldean, 176;
Eastern and Western forms, 228, 229, 250

Godwin, William, and Third Estate, 403 n.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, and cosmic beat, 5;
historical attunement, 30;
form-fulfilment theory, 32, 32 n.;
on parts of a Culture, 37 n.;
on world-literature, 108;
form and untruth, 137 n.;
on German nationalism and poetry, 182;
on freedom, 267;
on confession, 295;
on doer, 442;
on book-keeping, 490

Gold reserve and standard, and credit, 491 n. _See also_ Money

Golden Age, Classical, 239

Gomdan, stronghold, 197

Good, as evaluation, 241 n.

Goods, early traffic, 480

Goslar, cathedral art, 123

Gospels, fictitious authorship, 72 n.;
character, 212;
picture, 217 n.;
Mark, 223;
John, 226, 234, 244, 245, 250;
warrantry, 248

Gothic, as cosmic, 92, 93;
cathedral, 122, 123, 153;
and Baroque science, 270;
Renaissance as return, 291;
and personality, 293;
and Reformation, 296;
result on Jews of contact, 317-319;
and technique, 502, 503

Gould, Benjamin A., on American race, 119

Government. _See_ Politics

Gracchi, importance, 47, 50;
and rural citizens, 384 n.;
financing, 402;
and money, 410, 494;
disorders, 423;
and Tribunate, 433;
and party, 451;
and political theory, 454;
and electorate, 457 n.;
and courts, 460

Grace, plurality of idea, 59;
as Arabian doctrine, 234, 241, 242;
Western concept, 292

Grammar, sentence and word, 141, 145;
and syntax, 142;
lost origin, 146;
and vocabularies as basis of linguistic families, 147;
Indogermanic, 148;
and writing, 149

Granada, as world-city, 99;
Jewish city, 316

Gratian, Decretum, 77, 290

Great Protectors, Chinese period, 40

Great Wall, contemporary, 41

Greek, as language of Christianity, 224, 252, 256;
as Roman language, 395 n.

Greek fire, purpose, 502 n.

Greek Orthodox Church, picture series, 116. _See also_
Christianity

Greeks, no nation, 173;
as adherents of Syncretic cults, 176;
as Christian Church, 177;
modern security as Byzantine relic, 323

Gregory VII, pope, and world-power, 373

Gregory of Tours, history and Karamzin’s narrative, 192;
religiousness, 277

Groot, Jan J. M. de, mistake on Chinese religions, 286 n.

Grosseteste, Robert, philosophy, 8 n., 172 n.;
as scientist, 300

Gudunov {sic}, Boris, period, 192

Guilds, status, and tribal organization, 348

Gundisapora, school, 200;
location, 200 n.

Gunpowder, and printing, 460;
Chinese discovery, 501 n.;
and Greek fire, 502 n.

Habsburgs, and Austrian nation, 182;
and world-history, 336

Hadramaut, Axumite kings, 197 n.

Hadrian, legal edict, 66

Hague Conference, as prelude of war, 430

Halakha, Jewish and Christian, 221

Hallgerd, as destiny, 329

Halo, significance, 378

Halyburton, Thomas, on divine-given torments, 299 n.

Hamdanids, rule, 197

Hamilcar Barca, Spanish conquest, 408

Hammurabi, code, 75 n.

Han dynasties, 41;
fall, 314

Hanifs, Puritanism, 304

Hannibal, and Hellenism, 191, 422;
and border States, 408

Hansa, small-scale traffic, 481 n.

Haoma-drinking, 203, 207

Hasidim, sect, 255, 321

Hatshepsut, and Egyptian history, 434

Hauran, feudalism, 196

Heaven, Arabian and Western, 292;
Western and Russian, 295 n.

Hebrew, fate of spoken and written, 73 n.

Hegel, Georg W. F., and law of nature, 78;
and numbers, 269 n.

Hellenes, as name, 161, 173

Hellenism, as fellah, 185;
and Cannæ and Zama, 191, 422;
Paganism and Christianity, 203, 204;
materialism and myth, 310.
_See also_ Pseudomorphosis

Helots, status, 322, 349;
attempt to emancipate, 357

Henotheism, Arabian, 201. _See also_ Religion

Henry IV, emperor, contemporaries, 39

Henry VI, emperor, and world-power, 374

Henry VII of England, dynasty-idea, 381

Hermes Trismegistus, fictitious, 72 n.

Hermetic Pœmander, 213 n.

Hermetics, collection as canon, 247;
period, 250

Hermopolis, cult, 279, 281

Hero, and technique, 501

Herod, Hellenism, 211

Herodotus, on Persians, 167;
inaccuracy on Egypt, 333

Heroism, and race, 339;
hero-death, 471

Herrnhut, Pietism, 308

Hesiod, and Classical religious beginnings, 282

Hia dynasty, mythology, 286, 379 n.

Hiang-Sui, peace league, 429

Hidalgo, meaning, 342 n.

Hierocles, breviary, 252

Hijra, era, 239

Himaryites, history, 197 n.;
Jewish State religion, 153

Hinayana doctrine, 312

Hippodamus of Miletus, city-plan, 100

History, and cosmic and microcosmic, 23, 24;
adjustment to horizon, cultural aspect, 24, 25;
subjective basis, 26, 29;
cultural history-pictures, 27, 28;
Western Culture and infinite, 28;
irrational culminative division scheme, 28, 37, 55, 190;
Western Culture and individuality in historical attunement,
planes,
29;
future uniform physiognomic, 30;
enlarged possibilities, restoration and prediction, 36;
Cultures and significance, 44;
true definition and treatment, physiognomic fact, 46, 47;
biological sense of primitive, 48;
and final objects, 48;
Cultures and historical man, 48;
exhaustion of Civilization and historylessness, 48-51;
actualization of the spiritual, 49;
intra- and intercultural, 55;
cultural plurality, soul and transfer of form, 55-60;
importance of negative cultural influences, 57-59;
cultural transfer of Christianity as example, 59, 60;
of Roman Law as example, 60-83;
city’s “visage” as, 94;
and classes, 96;
and Civilization, superficial, 109, 339;
and race, 116;
and writing, 150, 153;
relation to people, 165, 169, 170, 181;
and nations, 171;
and faith and science, 271;
and moral, 272;
of truths, 274;
Western sense, influence of contrition, 294;
in intercultural dissonance, 319;
sex war, 328;
cosmic-politic duality, family and State, 329;
“in form” estates and making, 330;
cultural tradition, 338;
being-streams as true, 339;
and State, 361;
as court, high decision, 507.
_See also_ Being; Cultures; Destiny; Landscape; Nature;
Politics; Race; Sex; Time

Hogarth, William, art sermons, 116

Hohenstaufens, results of fall, 181

Hohenzollerns, and Prussia, 182

Holy Roman Empire, significance, 181;
electorate, 373;
world-power and contest with Papacy, 373, 374;
decay, 376;
Thirty Years’ War, Wallenstein, 388-391;
provincial horizons, 392

Holy Synod, 278

Homer, urban language, 125 n.;
indifference to religion, 281;
feudal evidences, 374;
and talent, 486

Ho-nan-fu, as royal residence, 92

Honour, and class, 342;
as basic concept of ethics, 343;
in economic life, 472

Horten, Max, on popular Islam, 237 n.

Horus-hawk cult, end, 279, 373

Hou-li, as religious source, 286

House, Minoan and Mycenæan, 88;
farmhouse as symbol, 90;
megalopolitan, 99;
and architecture, 120;
as expression of race, 120-122;
as totem, history, 121;
and ornament, 121;
and family, 329;
political and economic expression, 471

Hsinan-tang, in India, 107

Hugo de St. Victor, Arabian contemporaries, 250

Huguccio, pun, 77 n.

Humanism, field, 291 n. _See also_ Renaissance

Humboldt, Wilhelm von, on language, 117 n.;
and State, 366 n.;
on politics and literature, 439 n.

Hume, David, and economic thought, 403, 469

Hunac Ceel, rule, 45

Hunger-death, 471

Huns, Chinese repulse and Western attack, 41

Hus, John, and reform, 296

Huxley, Thomas H., race classification, 125

Hwang of Tsi, as protector, 388

Hwang-ti, rise, 38;
as title, 41;
cult, 314;
economics and politics, 475

Hybrias the Cretan, and _carpe diem_, 383

Hybris, doctrine, 282, 301

Hyksos Period, meaning, 38, 41;
preliminaries, 386;
and Cæsarism, 427;
as term, 428 n.;
and political theory, 453

Hypothesis, and usefulness, 144

Hyrcanus, Hellenism, 211

Iamblichus, and Pagan Church, Syncretism, 204, 252;
on divine substance, 256;
and numbers, 269 n.

Ibas, and substance controversy, 256

Ibn Sina, style of canon, 346

Ibsen, Henrik, and marriage, 105

Ice Age, man in, 33

Iconoclasm. _See_ Images

Ilya Muromyets, hero, 192

Images, in Pagan churches, 204;
basis of worship, 256;
Arabian and Greek iconoclasm, 304, 425.
_See also_ Monophysites

Immaculate Conception, as English idea, 294 n.

Immortality, cultural basis, 59. _See also_ Death

Imperialism, Chinese, 38, 41;
Indian, 41 n.;
collapse of Roman, 42;
Calvin-Loyola struggle, 299;
political aspect of Classical conquests, 407;
cultural necessity, 422 n., 424.
_See also_ Politics

Indian Culture, ahistoric, and script, 36, 150, 152;
problems of study, 38;
and Imperialism, 41 n.;
fate in, 267;
beginning of religion, 281;
Rationalism, 307;
style of priesthood, 352;
relation of primary estates, 353;
and world-power, 373 n.
_See also_ Buddhism; Cultures

Indians, and Americans, 119;
gesture language, 140 n., 147

Indogermanic system, alien words, 148;
youth, question of grammar, 148;
effect of ahistoric Cultures, 150;
basis of coherence, 166;
and Persians, 166-169;
and Western genealogical ideal, 181

Industry. _See_ Economics; Technique

Infinity, in Western Culture, 46. _See also_ Depth-experience

Innocent III, pope, and world-power, 374;
as politician, 442

Inquisition, and Devil-cult, 291

Inscriptions, as taboo, 121 n.

Insula Feliculæ, 101

Intelligence, as tension, 102;
language as vehicle of dominance, 144, 145;
and race-traits, 166;
aristocracy, 166 n.;
and cosmopolitanism, 184;
Jesus and, 216-218;
Paul’s introduction with Christianity, 221;
Jewish period, 316;
and primary estates, 356, 357;
and Cæsarism, 433.
_See also_ Causality; Knowledge; Rationalism; Thought; Town;
Understanding; Waking-being

International law, and Roman _jus gentium_, 61. _See also_
Foreign relations

Internationalism, as element of Jewry, 320

Interregnum, cultural period, significance, 375

Interrex, and oligarchy, 375

Inventions, Western, 501. _See also_ Technique

Ionic, as microcosmic, 92

Ipsus, battle, importance, 422

Irak, slave-rebellion, 426, 428 n.

Irenæus, and Western Church, 229;
and commentary, 247;
period, 250

Irnerius, and Roman law, 77

Isaac Hassan (ibn Sid), as scientist, 316

Isaiah, as Arabian prophet, 205

Isidore, biography, 252

Isis cult, origin, 201, 310

Islam, as Puritanism, 74, 302-304;
and nationality, 178;
Logos, 236;
significance as term, 240;
community of elect, 243;
and substance controversy, 256;
Monophysites and starting point, 258;
missionarism, 259, 304;
earlier Arabian religions and success, 260;
as Arabian manifestation, 304;
fellahism, 315;
basis for endurance, 323;
political aristocracy of beginning, 424.
_See also_ Arabian Culture; Mohammed; Religion; Sufism

Isocrates, and class dictatorship, 404

Israelites, tribal association, 175. _See also_ Jews

Italy, union as Germanic dynastic creation, 181;
city-republic finance, 489

Ivan III, and Tartars, 192

Ivan IV, the Terrible, period, 192

I-Wang, contemporaries, 39;
and feudalism, 349 n., 375

Jabna, Council of, on revelation, 245

Jackson, Andrew, and party, 451

Jacopone da Todi, and reform, 296

Jainism, Rationalism, 307

James, Saint, Gospel, 223 n.

James I of England, and marriage-alliance, 389

Jansenists, Puritan manifestation, 302

Japan, cultural status, 49 n., 108, 323, 421 n.

Jason of Pheræ, politics, 407

Jehuda, Rabbi, period, 250

Jehuda ben Halevi, and science, 315

Jeremiah, as Arabian prophet, 205

Jerusalem, relation to Jewry, 204, 208, 210

Jespersen, Otto, on origin of language, 138

Jesubocht, Corpus, 75

Jesuits, as urban, 92. _See also_ Loyola

Jesujabh III, on conversion to Islam, 260

Jesus, and ceremonial, 134 n.;
life and biography, 212;
and John the Baptist, Mandæanism, 214;
connotation of “Nazarene,” 214 n.;
self-view as prophet and Messiah, 215;
townlessness, 215;
before Pilate, faith and fact, 216, 473 n.;
metaphysical world, 217;
effect of Resurrection, 218;
romances of birth and childhood, 224, 237, 250;
world-image, and apocalyptic, 237, 239;
and submission, 240.
_See also_ Christianity; Logos; Substance

Jews, creed basis of law, Talmud, 69;
jurisprudence, 71;
pre-cultural law, 75;
comradeship and race in European, 126, 127;
tribal types, 175;
ignored phases of religious history, 191;
crusade, 198;
Yahweh cult in Syncretism, 201;
Judaism as Arabian prophetic religion, 204-207;
effect of exile, apocalypse and Persian influence, 207;
Judaistic minority, Talmudic development, 208;
Exilarch majority, 208, 210;
law and the prophets as separate, 209;
post-exilic (springtime) increase, spirit, 209, 316;
Judea and Jewry, fall of Jerusalem as liberation, 209-211;
tendencies, rescue from pseudomorphic Hellenism, 210, 211;
end of apocalypse, 211;
Judaism and exclusive Messiah Christian sects, disappearance, 219,
220, 252;
Paul and Judaism, 221;
era, 239;
and revelation, 245;
separation of Christianity, 251;
missionarism, 259;
Mazdak reformation, end of theology, 261;
fellah-religion, 315, 323;
Arabian-type nationality and ghetto, 315, 317;
intellectual (Baroque) period, in Spain, 316;
spiritual character of period, 316;
Civilization period, results of contact with Gothic, 317-319;
race and piety phases of later antagonism, 318-320;
landless consensus and Western patriotism, 320;
fixed alien metaphysic phase, 321;
and Western Civilization, 322;
danger of dissolution, 323;
economic rôle, 481 n.;
and machine-industry, 504 n.
_See also_ Arabian Culture; Religion

Jezidi, and Trinity, 236

Joachim of Floris, world-conception, 28;
Arabian contemporaries, 250;
and reform, 296

Job, Book of, character, 208;
and will, 242

John Gospel, 226;
Mani and, 227, 251 n.;
dualism, 234;
on God and the Word, 244;
as a Koran, 245;
and Old Testament, 245;
period, 250

John the Baptist, Mandæanism, and Jesus, 214;
order-community, 254

John Tzimisces, power, 426

Josephus, on Sadducees, 211

Judah, Abraham and betrayal money, 237

Judaism. _See_ Jews

Judge of men, and speech, 137

Judith, as Arabian, 208

Jugurtha, power, 428

Julian, edict, 66 n.;
and cult nation, 176, 204;
as prophet, 204;
and Syncretism, 253;
and monasticism, 254

Jundaisapur, and Gundisapora, 200 n.

Junian Latins, 68 n.

Jupiter Dolichenus cult, 201

Juridical person, as Arabian concept, 67, 68, 174, 177

Jurisprudence, as late science, 66;
Egyptian and Chinese, 67 n.;
future Western, 80-83, 505. _See also_ Roman law

_Jus_, and _lex_ in Arabian Culture, 71;
and _fas_ in Western Culture, 78

_Jus gentium_, Classical idea, 61;
as imperial law, 66

Justification by faith, and Western Rationalism, 309

Justinian, Arabian jurisprudence, 70 n., 71, 74;
army system, 199;
Digests as interpretation, 246;
and end of theology, 261;
Nika Rebellion, 381 n.;
conflict with nobility, 423

Kabbalah, and secret dogma, 247

Kalaam, and pneuma, 242

Kama-sutram, and sport, 103

Kanauj, as world-city, 99

Kant, Emmanuel, and numbers, 269 n.;
gloom, 295;
and Devil-cult, 303;
and Talmudic intellects, 322;
on marriage, 337;
and celibacy of science, 346

Kara Balgassun, inscription, 260

Karæi, as order, 255;
Puritanism, rise, 316

Karamzin, Nikolai M., narrative, 192

Karlsruhe, plan, 100 n.

Karlstadt, as Gothic, 296

Karna, and civil law, 210

Karo, Joseph, metaphysic, 321

Karramiyya movement, 424, 425

Karun valley, Mandæanism, 214 n.

Kassites, as rulers, 40

Khazars, conversion to Judaism, 259

Khuzistan, Mandæanism, 214 n.

Ki-Sung, dynasties, 379 n.

Kierkegaard, Sören, “playing” with religion, 137

Kinnesrin, school, 200

Kiur Zan, power, 426

Knowledge, waking-being and problem of epistemology, 14;
technical and theoretical, 25;
epistemology and destiny, 267 n.
_See also_ Intelligence

Kobad I, and Mazdak, 261

Koran, as term, 244. _See also_ Islam

Kung-Yang, on Middle Kingdom, 373 n.

Kwan-tse, and pre-Confucian philosophy, 300

Kwei-ku-tse, character, 419 n.

Labna, and Mexican Culture, 45

Labor. _See_ Economics

Laity, _vis-à-vis_ clergy, 333

Lakayata, system, 309

Lakhmids, court, poetry, 198

Lambert, Édouard, on Twelve Tables, 65 n.

Land, and Classical money wealth, 487. _See also_ Peasantry

Landscape, necessity of study in man’s history, 39 n.;
of Arabian Culture, 42;
relation to Culture, 46;
and transfer of forms, 57;
and town, 90;
and race, 113, 119, 129, 130;
and language, 119;
and plant changes, 130;
and religions of Cultures, 278;
as Chinese prime symbol, 287

Language, and emancipation of understanding, 9;
of Civilization, 108;
defined, development, 114, 115;
and race and waking-being, 114, 117;
expression and communication, “I” and “thou,” motive and sign,
115,
133;
cult-colouring of prime words, 116;
and taboo, 116;
and speaking, dead languages, 117, 125;
independence from landscape, mother-tongue fallacy, 119;
essence, wordless, 131, 132;
essential element of relations of microcosm, 132;
phases of expression, extensiveness, 134;
evolution of communication, 134;
speech divorced from speaking, rigid signs as system, 134, 144;
“knowing” the language, complexity, 135;
set language and understanding, 135;
signs and meaning, relation to truth, 136, 137;
“playing” with expression, 137;
spiritual communion and silence, 137;
words, origin, incompleteness, 137, 138, 142;
vocal and verbal, 138;
name and word, 138-141;
opposite word-pairs, 140;
Chinese voice-differentiations, 140 n.;
grammar and sentence, relation to word, 141;
sentences and race, 142;
acquisition of words, 142;
verbs and thought-categories, 143;
abstract thinking and intellect and life, 144;
stages of history, 145;
lost formative history, 146;
as ancient class-secret, 146;
tempo of history, effect of writing, 147;
grammar and vocabulary, linguistic families as grammatical, 147;
alien words, 148;
as to Aryan, 149;
written and colloquial, 150;
morphology of Culture-languages, 152-155;
birth of cultural, popular talk and cult speech, 153-155;
city script-speech, 155;
and people, 161;
Persian, 166;
mother tongue and dynastic idea, 183;
and literary history, 190;
influence on Christianity, 224, 241 n., 252, 256, 258;
of Arabian religions, 252.
_See also_ Literature; Race; Words; Writing

Lao-tse, Taoism, 307;
Pietism, 308

Lao-Tzu, and sterility, 105

Lassalle, Ferdinand, and class dictatorship, 404;
and English economics, 469

Latin, disappearance from legal life, 75;
and Western scholar-languages, 155;
and Christianity, 241 n., 258;
period, 395 n.

Latin-America, and Cæsarism, 435

Law, property as power, 345;
defined, 363;
as instrument of power, internal and external, 365-367.
_See also_ Jurisprudence; Roman law

League of Nations, Chinese attempt, 38, 417, 429

Learning, separation from priesthood, 345;
priesthood and cultural form of profane, 345-347;
and nobility and economics, 347

Le Bon, Gustave, study of the crowd, 18 n.

Lechfeld, battle, 259

Leibniz, Baron von, and evolution, 31

Leiden, Papyrus, on Hyksos Period, 427

Lemnos, inscription, 122

Lenel, Otto, on Roman jurisprudence, 67

Lenin, Nikolai, as mass-leader, 448 n. _See also_ Bolshevism

Leo III, emperor, legislation, 75, 357;
iconoclasm, 304

Leo V, and Theodore of Studion, 425

Leonardo da Vinci, and Gothic, 291

Leonardo Pisano, on accountancy, 489 n.

Leontini, destruction, 405

Lessing, Gotthold E., and German nationalism, 182;
and Rationalism, 305

Letter, as language-picture, 134. _See also_ Writing

Levites, as term for priesthood, 175

_Lex_, and _jus_, Arabian, 71

_Lex Æbutia_, and present law, 62

_Lex Canuleia_, 69 n., 397

Lex Hortensia, 358, 396

Lex Ogulnia, and Plebs, 408

Li-Ki, ritual work, 312 n., 315

Li Si, standard script, 152

Li-Szu, and Wang-Cheng, 41

Li-Wang, problem, 38;
flight, 376

Libyan problem, 162

Lidzbarski, Mark, on Jesus as Mandæan, 214 n.

Lies, and set language, 136, 137

Life. _See_ Being; Death; Sex; Waking-being

Light. _See_ Sight

Limes, Great Wall as, 41

List, Friedrich, relation to property, 345;
and English economics, 469

Literature, rural and urban, 93;
of Culture and Civilization, 107;
German and nationalism, 182;
and cosmopolitanism, 185;
Arabian research, 190;
and language history, 190;
hero-tales, 192;
Arabian Minne, and epic, 198, 250;
Chinese drama, 286;
Byzantine and Arabian, 304

Livy, and polis, 383

Lo-Yang, as royal residence, 92

Locke, John, and Continental Rationalism, 308

Logic, and opposites, 141;
and truth, 144;
and history, 144

Logos, John Gospel, 226;
Pseudomorphic and Arabian, 229;
Jezidi view, 236;
Arabian indwelling of spirit, light-sensation, 236, 237;
alteration in concept, 307.
_See also_ Trinity

Lombarda code, 76

London, as world-city, 99

Lorraine, as name, 161, 181

Louis XI of France, dynasty-idea, 381

Love, and cosmic beat, 166;
and religion, faith 265, 266;
and stability, 275;
cultural religious, 279;
and nobility, 351

Loyalists, American, 412 n.

Loyola, Ignatius, on moral, 272;
as Gothic, 296;
and world-politics, 299;
Puritanism, 302

Lü-pu-Wei, Syncretism, 312 n.

Lü-Shi Chun-tsiu, 312 n.

Lucca, Cæsar’s politics, 446

Luceres, tribe, 351, 382

Lui-Shi, and Wang-Cheng, 41;
as statesman, 418, 419;
tutor, 419 n.

Lukka, as name, 164

Luschen, Felix von, ethnological research, 129

Luther, Martin, as Gothic, 296;
as urban monk and schoolman, 297, 298;
and Devil-cult, 299;
lack of practicality, 299;
and science, 300

Lycurgus, laws, 64, 65

Lyell, Sir Charles, theory as English, 31

Lysander, and army, 406;
as victor, 422

Lysias, on speculators, 484

Macedonians, as rulers, 40;
schools and nationalism, 162 n.;
and Arabian Culture, 189.
_See also_ Alexander the Great

Machiavellism, and factions, 448

Machine. _See_ Technique

Macrocosm, animal’s microcosmic relation, 3, 4, 15;
man’s self-adjustment, 14.
_See also_ Cultures; History; Microcosm; Morphology; Nature;
Waking-being

Madrid, as provincial city, 99

Mælius, Sp., movement, 397

Magi, as term for priesthood, 175

Magian Culture. _See_ Arabian Culture

Magic, technique, 268, 271

Magna Charta, and control by nobility, 373

Magnesia, battle, 422

Magnitude, Classical money-concept, 486-489

Mahavira, Rationalism, 307

Mahayana, doctrine, 312, 313

Mahraspand, Mazdaism, 251

Maimon, Solomon, and Kant, 322

Maimonides, Moses, world, 241 n.;
collection of dogmas, 315;
and Spinoza, 321

Ma’in, Kingdom of, feudalism, 196;
geography, 196 n.

Mamertines, as people, 160

Man, lordship of sight, visual thought, 7-9;
language and understanding, theoretical thought, 9, 10;
and fear of death, 15, 16;
destiny and causality types, 16-19;
refutation of Darwinism, 32;
two great ages, 33;
in primitive Culture, 33, 34;
effect of agriculture, 89.
_See also_ Animal; Being; Microcosm; Sex; Waking-being

Management, American development, 82 n. _See also_ Technique

Manchester School, and Rationalism, 403

Mandæanism, as redemption-religion, 213;
John the Baptist and Jesus, 214;
survival, 214 n.;
disappearance, 252;
order-communities, 254

Maniakes, Turk, 427 n.

Manichæism, and Chaldean, 176;
origins, 209, 251;
Logos and Paraclete, 227, 251 n.;
development, 251;
missionarism, 260;
Albegensians, 260 n.

Mannheim, plan, 100 n.

Manufacturer, as economic class, 478

Manzikert, battle, 427

Mar Shimun, prince-patriarch, 177

Marcianus, and dynasty, 379

Marcion, Bible and Church, 225-228, 245;
period, 250;
and reform, 296

Marcionites, era, 239

Marcus Aurelius, as episode, 171;
religiousness, 313;
and peace, 430;
Cæsarism and Stoicism, 434 n.

Marduk, as deity, 206

Marib, Congress of Princes, 197, 304

Marinus, as biographer, 252

Marius, C., and money, 410;
and Cæsarism, 423;
and party, 451

Mark Gospel, 223

Market, status, 91, 480

Marozia, as destiny, 339

Marriage, law, control over it, 78, 365;
Civilization type, 105;
defined, 344 n.;
“in form” relation, 362

Marx, Karl, and Marxism, and property, 344;
and party, 450;
and effective theory, 454;
end of influence, 454, 45 5;
and English economics, 469;
and economic classes, 478;
and value, 482 n.;
and work, 492;
in Russia, 495 n.;
on machine-industry as bourgeois, 504 n.
_See also_ Socialism

Mary of England, and absolutism, 388

Mary-cult, Arabian development, 224;
victory at Ephesus, 257;
Western development, 288;
and contrition, 293;
effect of Reformation, 299

Materialism. _See_ Rationalism

Mathematics, and religion, 268

Matthew Gospel, Judaic character, 220 n.

Maule, Sir William H., and divorce laws, 64 n.

Maurists, and orders and schools, 346

Maurya and Sunga dynasty, and Imperialism, 41 n.

Mavali, and revolution, 424

Maximilian I, emperor, and law, 76;
dynasty-idea, 380

Mayan Culture. _See_ Mexican Culture

Mayapan, and Mexican Culture, 45

Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, power, 389;
and Fronde, 390

Mazdaism, and chivalry, 198;
development, 251;
as State religion, 253;
missionarism, 260;
absorption, 260

Mazdak, reformation, 261;
and Karramiyya movement, 424

Mechanics. _See_ Technique

Medes, as rulers, 40;
as people, 167

Mediæval History, as term, 28

Medici, city nobility, 356;
economics and politics, 475;
small-scale traffic, 481 n.

Medicine, as priesthood, 478 n.

Medinet Habet, relief, 164 n.

Mediterranean region, influence of climatic change, 39 n.

Medrashim, style, 346

Megalopolitanism, and nomadism, 90;
and country, 94;
development, and provinces, 98, 99;
absolute intellect, 99;
city planning, 100;
future Western, 101;
Classical inner-town, 101;
final phase, death, 102, 107;
tension, 102;
sport, 103;
and sterility, 103-105;
and uniform type, 108;
and language, 155;
and cosmopolitanism, 184;
phase in Jewry, 317, 318;
and Fourth Estate and mob, 358, 399;
and public opinion, 400;
and Cæsarism, 431;
and economics, 484.
_See also_ Town

Megasthenes, on Calani, 175 n.

Mehlis, C., on Libyan problem, 162

Melfi, constitutions, 372

Memory, and the named, 140

Meng Tse, materialism and myth, 310, 312

Mercenaries, and Cæsarism, 428

Messana, democratic triumph, 396

Messiah, as common Arabian idea, 206;
of Mandæanism, 214;
attitude of Jesus, 215;
effect of Resurrection, 218

Metals, primacy, 500. _See also_ Smith

Metaphysics. _See_ Philosophy; Religion

Methodism, Pietism, practicality, 308

Mewes, Rudolf, on weather and war, 392 n.

Mexican Culture, development, 43;
violent death, 43;
reconstruction of history, 44, 45;
Civilization and Aztecs, 45;
jurisprudence, 66;
depopulation, 106, 107;
religious beginnings, 288;
fellah-religion, 315

Mexico City. _See_ Tenochtitlan

Meyer, Edward, on Persian host, 40 n., 167;
on history, 47, 50;
error on Egyptian nobility, 350 n.;
correct Egyptian chronology, 427 n.;
mistake on Roman Cæsarism, 432 n.

Michael III, emperor, and Bardas, 426

Michelangelo, and Devil-cult, 292

Microcosm, animal as, in macrocosm, 3-5, 15;
sense as organ, 6, 7;
waking-being, 7;
and cosmic beat, crowd, 18;
and history and nature, 23, 24;
and megalopolitanism, 90;
language as essential element, 132;
and sex, 327;
and Western technique, 504.
_See also_ Animal; Cosmic; Waking-being

Middle Kingdom, Chinese, and world-power, 373

Middle Kingdom, Egyptian, significance, 387

Middleman, as economic class, 478;
as economic master, 483, 484;
as agent of Western technique, 504.
_See also_ Economics; Money

Migrations, and peoples, 162-165;
small bands, 163, 167

Miletus, style of school, 345

Mill, John Stuart, and Pascal, 273

Milton, John, and concepts, 303

Minæans, tribal association, 174

Ming-Chu, period, 40, 387

Ming-ti, as ruler, 41

Minnesänger, Arabian, 198

Minoan art, and Mycenæ, 87-89;
as Egyptian, 88

Mir, status, 348

Mirabeau, Comte de, on law of nations, 366

Mirandola, Francesco della, and Devil-cult, 291

Mirian of Georgia, State religion, 253

Mirza Ali Mohammed, Gnosis, 228

Mishnah, completion, 71;
development, 208;
as commentary, 247;
origin, 316

Missionarism, Arabian, 259;
Islam, 304;
Pythagorean, 307;
Jewish, 318

Mithraism, as military order, 198, 254;
in Syncretism, 201, 253;
and Essenes, 211;
liturgy, 213 n.;
provenance, 314 n.

Mithridates, cultural basis of wars, 318, 321 n.

Mitteis, Ludwig, on Constantine’s legislation, 70 n.

Mob. _See_ Crowd

Modern History, as term, 28

Mohammed, predecessors as prophet, 204;
Paul’s analogy, 221;
as Logos, 236;
and consensus, 243;
revelation, 244.
_See also_ Islam

Moh-ti, and property, 344;
and military technique, 421 n.;
and politics, 453

Mollahs, law-men, 71

Moltke, Count Hellmuth von, leadership, 444

Mommsen, Theodor, false history, 50;
on political character of Roman Empire, 174 n.;
misunderstanding of Cæsarism, 432;
and Varus’ defeat, 487

Monarchy. _See_ Dynastic idea; Politics

Monasticism (Asceticism), Western rural and urban, 91, 297;
in Paganism, 204;
character and development of Arabian, 254;
Orphic, 283;
and orgiasm, 283;
sage, 307

Money, as urban, abstract, 97, 58;
and idea of property, 357;
rise as political force, and Rationalism, 401, 402;
in English politics, 403;
and class dictatorship, 404;
in Roman politics, 410, 411, 457-459;
Cæsarism and overthrow, 431, 433 n., 464, 506, 507;
and genealogy, 449 n.;
and democracy, 456;
in Western politics, and press, 460, 462;
and end of democracy, 463;
early status of coin as goods, 481;
beginning of concept as category, 481-484;
value-token and payment-medium, 483;
trader as master, 483, 484;
as power of Civilization, 485;
struggle against, 485;
and mobility, 485;
money-mass and value, 485 n.;
cultural symbols, 486;
Classical magnitude concept, 486, 495;
irrelation with Classical land value, 487;
Classical slaves as, 488, 496;
Western function-concept, book-keeping, 489, 490;
Western Culture and metallic, 490, 491;
and work, quantity and quality, 491-493;
capital, cultural basis, 493;
financial organization, cultural basis, 494;
Russian attitude, 495 n.;
struggle with technique, 505;
and Socialism, 506 n.
_See also_ Economics

Monophysites, importance, 47;
creed basis of law, 70;
as nation, 177;
and Mary-cult, 224;
origin, 257;
and starting-point of Islam, 258;
missionarism, 260;
and reform, 296

Monotheism, relation to Arabian Culture, 201 n.

Montanist movement, 227

Morale. _See_ Ethics; Spirit; Truth

Mormons, as people, 160

Morphology, of Culture languages, 152-155;
of peoples, 169;
of religious history, 275;
of social history, 348;
of economic history, 470, 476-480

Mortgages, Classical land, 487 n.

Mortmain, and established church, 177 n.;
in Egypt, 375

Moscow, character, 194

Mosque, and basilica, 230

Mother tongue, fallacy, 120;
and dynastic-idea, 183.
_See also_ Language

Motherhood, “versehen,” 126. _See also_ Demeter; Mary-cult; Sex

Motion, as problem of thought, 14-16;
Western concept and military art, 421;
money and mobility, 485.
_See also_ Technique

Motive, and language, 133

Müller, Frederick, race classification, 125

“Mufti,” 71

Muktara, as capital, 426

Multiplication table, dynamics, 66 n.

Murtada, philosophy, 321

Music, basis of charm, 8;
in English Parliamentarism, 403

Musonius Rufus, and peace, 430

Mutation theory, and Darwinism, 32;
and Cultures, 33, 36

Mutawakil, palace, 100 n.

Mycenæ, and Crete, 87-89;
and beast-formed deities, 276

Mysteries, Classical, 203. _See also_ Religion

Mysticism, Sufism, 176, 228, 242;
Arabian period, 200, 250;
John Gospel and Christian, 226;
longing of Western, 292;
of Rationalism and Pietism, 308;
Yesirah, 316;
fixed Jewish, 321

Myth, as theory, and cult, 268, 499;
relation to Greek, 284, 286;
time mythology, 286;
of Western springtime, 288-290;
modern ignorance of it, 290;
and Protestantism, 299

Naasenes, Book of, 213 n., 251 n.

Nabu-Nabid, overthrow, 207

Naganjuna, Mahayana doctrine, 313

Nahua, in Mexican Culture, 45

Names, and words, 138-141;
and spiritual change, religion, 139;
and the enigmatic, 139;
and sentence, 141;
and things, 148;
and people, 160;
and technique, 499

Napoleon I and Napoleonism, and dynastic-idea, 181;
and Désirée Clary, 329;
State-machine, formlessness, 404, 405;
army and personal rule, 407;
and military mobility, 421;
ruthlessness as victor, 422;
and Cæsarism, 428;
as destiny, 439 n.;
and tact of command, 444;
economics and politics, 475

Naranjo, and Mexican Culture, 44

Narses, expedition, 200

Nation, as term, 170, 362;
destiny, 170;
and city-building, 171;
separation, 171;
representation of minority, 172, 180, 183, 184;
character of Classical, 173;
of Arabian, 174-178;
of Western, 178-184;
of Chinese and Egyptian, 178 n.;
language basis, continued dynastic feeling, 183;
nobility as representative, 184;
cosmopolitanism, intelligentsia, and pacifism, 184;
peace and fellahism, 185, 186;
rise of idea, 385.
_See also_ Politics; Race

Nationality, Arabian creed basis, 69, 168, 210, 253, 254, 315, 317;
Arabian cult, and world Christianity, 219

Natural science, religious basis, 13;
English type of causality, 31;
physiognomic, 31;
reputation of Darwinism, 32;
beginning of Arabian, 200 n.;
dispensation and law, 267;
Western Culture and practical mechanics, 300;
theoretical basis in other Cultures, 301;
as diabolical, 302;
Jewish, 316;
scientists as priests, 478.
_See also_ Art; Nature; Technique

Nature, and cosmic and microcosmic, 23, 24;
adjustment to, cultural development and horizon, 25;
technical and theoretical knowledge, 25;
and peasant, 89;
of Rationalism, 305-308.
_See also_ Causality; History; Natural science

Nazarene, connotation, 214 n.

Nebo, as deity, 206

Nebuchadnezzar, henotheism, prayer, 206

Nehardea, school, 200, 210;
as capital of Exilarch, 208

Neo-Brahmanism, 315

Neo-Platonists, dualism, 234;
and revelation, 245;
period, 250;
as order, 254

Neo-Pythagoreans, community, 204, 254;
and revelation, 245;
period, 250

Nephesh, connotation, 234;
soul stones, 234 n.

Nero, and elections, 432;
and ideologues, 434

Nestorianism, creed basis of law, 70;
as nation, 177;
and Mary-cult, 224, 257;
formative influences, 228;
church language, 252;
second-century beginnings, 252 n.;
missionarism, 260;
and reform, 296

New Testament, Marcion as creator, 226, 227;
Marcion and Catholic, 228.
_See also_ Bible; Christianity; Gospels

New York, as world-city, 99

Newspaper. _See_ Press

Ngi-li, as religious source, 286

Nicæa, Council of, Constantine and, 257;
substance controversy, 257, 276

Nicephorus, power, 426

Nicholas I, pope, and world-power, 373

Nicholas of Cusa, as Western, 316 n.

Nicholas of Oresme, as scientist, 301

Nicias, treaty, 385

Nicodemia, as capital, 191

Nietzsche, Friedrich W., and value of truth, 12;
and technique, 302;
on duality of moral, 341

Nika Rebellion, 381 n.

Nirvana, rationalistic concept, 307

Nishapur, and Gundisapora, 200 n.

Nisibis, Jewish defence, 198;
location, 200 n.

Nobility, primary estate, 97;
as State, 172, 180, 183, 367;
beginning as estate, 280;
relation to other estates, 334, 335;
symbolic significance, being, destiny, 335-337, 340;
and family, 336;
big individuals and tradition, 338;
dependence of politics on, 339, 440;
and “training,” 340;
moral, 341;
and idea of property, 343;
and learning, 347;
common cultural land-bound estate, 350;
cultural styles, 350, 351;
foci of feelings, 351, 352;
conflict with priesthood, 352-354;
Classical, and polis, 355;
city movement, effect, new type, 355-357;
and Third Estate, 356;
State rule by minority, 370;
and absolutist State, 400;
development of Roman political, 409-411;
and political Islam, 424;
and party-form, 450.
_See also_ Estates; Feudalism; Oligarchy; Politics

Nomadism, pre-cultural and megalopolitanism, 89, 90

Normans, development of law, 75;
and finance, concept of money, 372, 489

Northcliffe, Viscount, and demagogy, 461, 463

Novel, as megalopolitan, 93

Novels, Justinians, 71

Number, and grammar, 146;
and religion, 268;
abstract, and abstract money, 481, 482;
and technique, 499

Numina, naming, 139

Objects and subjects, 369;
in politics, 441;
in economics, 479, 493

Occamists, and Copernican system, 301

Occupations, status of classes, and primary estates, 333, 348. _See
also_ Economics

Odoacer, historyless, 432

Oetinger, Friedrich C., Pietism, 308

Officialdom, common cultural development, 350;
rise of financial, 371;
Classical tenure and choice, 380, 383

Oigur realm, Manichæism, 260

Old Kingdom, as Gothic, 296;
money concept, 489 n.

Old Testament, and Christian canon, 221, 225, 226, 228, 245. _See
also_ Bible

“Old Women,” as phrase, 329 n.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van, power, 389

Oldendorp, Johann, and law of nature, 78

Oligarchy, early Roman, 375, 382;
and polis, 380-382;
and Reformation, 386 n.;
Classical democratic contentions, 394-398.
_See also_ Nobility

Olivarez, Count, power, 389

Oman, Charles W. C., on Byzantine army system, 199 n.

Omar, Puritanism, 304

Ommaiyads, overthrow, 424

Oñate, Conde de, power, 389

Onias, and the “Law,” 209

Opposites, word pairs and logic, 140

Oresme. _See_ Nicholas of Oresme

Orientation, defined, 133

Origen, Scholasticism, 229;
period, 250

Ornament, as taboo, 121;
cathedral as, 123;
and secular buildings, 123;
as expression-language, 134;
script as, 151;
and number, 268;
priesthood as, 337

Orphism, and Classical religious beginnings, 282;
asceticism, 283;
and reform, 296;
and Tyrannis, 386

Orvieto, frescoes, 292

Orsini, and Papacy, 354

Orthodoxy, and Arabian State, 177

Osrhoene, conversion, 177, 253

Ostrogoths, as episode, 171

Othman, war with Ali, 424

Otto I, and world-power, 373

Otto II, and Byzantium, 87

Outsiders, dediticii peregrins, 68 n.

Oxenstierna, Count Axel, power, 389

Pa Period, 387

Pachomius, and monasticism, 254

Pacioli, Luca, book-keeping, 490

Pætus, Thrasea, death, 434

Paganism, struggle with Christianity, 202. _See also_ Hellenism;
Pseudomorphosis; Syncretic Church

Paine, Thomas, and Third Estate, 403 n.

Painting, modern as dishonest, 136

Pais, Ettore, on Twelve Tables, 65 n.

Palæontology, refutation of Darwinism, 32

Palenque, and Mexican Culture, 45

Paley, William, and Third Estate, 403 n.

Palmyra, inscriptions, 206

Pan Ku, myth, 312

Papacy, pope and councils, 59;
as English idea, 294 n.;
family history, 337;
and dynamic space, 352;
idea and facts, 354;
control of Curia, 370;
world-power and contest with Empire, 373, 374;
clerical nobility and pope, 374;
decay, 376.
_See also_ Roman Catholic Church

Paper, Chinese invention, 501 n.

Papias, on Jesus’ teachings, 217 n.

Papinian, position as jurist, 71, 73

Papirius Carbo, and Crassius, 459

Paraclete, doctrine, 227. _See also_ Trinity

Paradosis, in Arabian creeds, 228

Paralii, and Tyrannis, 386

Paris, as France, 95;
as world-city, 99

Parliamentarism, character, 412-415;
as transition, 415, 416;
as seasonable political means, 446.
_See also_ Democracy; England

Parsees, and ghetto, 315;
security, 323

Parshva, Puritanism, 303

Parthians, and Persians, 167;
chivalry, 198;
wars as Jewish, 198

Party, place in politics, 449;
identity with Third Estate, 449;
nobility and forms, 450;
displacement by private politics, machine, 452, 454, 464.
_See also_ Politics

Pascal, Blaise, and Mill, 273;
and Devil-cult, 303

Pataliputra, as world-city, 99;
abandoned, 107

Patriotism, Western fatherland concept, 179, 183;
Jewish attitude, 320

Patrol-state, 366 n.

Paul, Hermann, on sentence, 141

Paul, Saint, position as jurist, 71;
and Christian Church, 220, 221;
Mohammed’s analogy, 221;
system and westward trend of Christianity, 221;
and Mark Gospel, 223;
and cults, 223;
and Greek, 224;
dualism, 234;
substance controversy as reversal of work, 258

Paulicians, iconoclasm, 304

Paullus, L. Æmilius, Pydna, 190 n.

Pausanias, and helots, 357, 396

Pavia, and legal study, 76

Pe-Ki, as general, 417;
overthrow, 419

Peace, Chinese League of Nations attempt, 38, 417, 429;
and fellahism, 185, 186;
Classical attitude, 385;
ruthless, of Cæsarism, 422;
as unhistorical, 429, 434;
as submission, 434, 441

Peacock, as Arabian symbol, 236

Peasantry, as plant, 89;
historyless, cosmic, 96;
and religion, 280;
relation to primary estates, vassalage, 348, 349;
reappearance at end of Culture, 435;
lack in England and America, 449 n.;
as economic class, 478.
_See also_ Being; Country

Pehlevi, as church-language, 252

Pelasgi, as name, 161

Pelham, Sir Henry, money in politics, 403 n.

Penestæ, status, 332

People, false idea, 113, 159;
as conscious linkage, 159;
and name, 160, 161;
and language, 161;
and provenance, and migration, 162-165;
and race, 165;
as soul unit, and events, 165, 169, 170;
Romans and Russians as example, 166-169;
morphology, 169;
creation of Western, 169;
as product of Culture, 169, 170;
characteristics of nations, 170, 171;
of West as result of events, 181;
_vis-à-vis_ nobility, 333;
rise of ideal concept, 393.
_See also_ Race

Pergamum, revolt of Aristonicus, 454

Pericles, age, 391

Peripatos, style, 345

Persecution, contrast of Classical and Arabian, 203

Persephone, cult, 283

Perseus, defeat, 190 n.

Persians, chronology, 27;
as rulers, 40;
language and people, 166;
problem of origin of religion, 168, 191;
cult and nationality, 168;
religion and Jewish, 207;
and revelation, 245;
end of theology, 261;
Arabian-type nation, ghetto, 315.
_See also_ Arabian Culture; Mazdaism; Zarathustra

Person, Classical notion, 60;
Arabian concept of incorporeal, 67, 68, 174, 177;
Classical concept and Western law, 81, 82

Personality, and contrition, 293;
Classical concept, 293 n.
_See also_ Destiny; Will

Peruvian Culture, destruction, 46

Peter, Saint, Gospel, 213 n., 223 n.;
Paul’s supersession, 221

Peter the Great, Petersburg plan, 101 n.;
and Russian pseudomorphosis, 192

Peter Lombard, and sacraments, 292

Petersburg, plan, 101 n.;
artificiality, 193

Petrie, W. M. Flinders, error on Egyptian chronology, 427 n.

Petrus Peregrinus, as scientist, 300;
and technique, 502

Phallic cults, 283, 286

Pharaoh, religious position, 279 n.;
and world-power, 373

Pharisees, tendency, 211

Pherecydes, as dogmatist, 282

Philip of Macedon, politics, 407

Philip II of Spain, and absolutism, 388

Philip IV of Spain, and world-power, 388

Philippi, battle, and Cæsarism, 423

Philistines, migration, 164

Philistinism, and Rationalism, 307

Philo, and Christianity, 229;
dualism, 234

Philology, Arabian, and research, 191. _See also_ Language

Philosophy, Buddhism and Indian, 49;
Western Culture and Classical, 57;
systematic, and untruth, 137 n.;
Jesus and metaphysics, 216, 217, 473 n.;
Western swing, 306;
and economics, 473.
_See also_ Ethics; Religion

Phocas, power, 427

Phœnicians, economic rôle, 481 n.

Physical geography. _See_ Landscape

Physiognomy, and race, 117. _See also_ Destiny

Pi-Yung, as symbol, 287;
and Shi-King, 352;
change, 357

Picture, and expression-language, 116;
as sign of language, letter, 134

Piedras Negras, and Mexican Culture, 45

Pietism, cultural manifestations, 308

Pilate, and Jesus, fact and faith, 216, 473 n.

Pindar, and being, 272;
and religion, 282

Pisistratus, and oligarchy, 382;
and peasantry, 386

Piso, conspiracy, 434

Pistis-Sophia, 213 n.

Pitt, William, and French Revolution, 412

Pittacus, laws, 64

Plant, essential character, cosmic, 3, 4;
being, 7;
and race, 115;
effect of transplanting, 130;
economic life, 473;
and technique, 499

Plantagenets, early, 182 n.

Plato, “ideas,” 58;
and polis, 173 n.;
and commentary, 247 n.;
and Orphism, 282;
cult, 314;
theory and Syracuse, 454

Play, cosmic, and microcosmic sport, 103. _See also_ Sport

Plebs, political rise and status, 349, 357, 408;
and political nobility, 409-411;
and populus, 451 n.

Pliny, on depopulation, 106

Plotinus, Scholasticism, 229;
ecstasy, 242

Pneuma, as Arabian principle, 57;
and law of creed-communities, 68;
as truth, 242.
_See also_ Dualism

Poetry, Arabian Minne, 198. _See also_ Literature

Polis, as Classical nation, 173;
and nobility, oligarchy, 355, 381;
official tenure and choice, 380, 383;
synœcism and aristocracy, 381, 382;
_civitas_ and _hostis_, 384;
normal war, 385;
Tyrannis and non-estate against estates, 386;
and democracy, 387;
burgher and peasant, 396;
destruction as idea, 405;
and subjugated territory, 407;
and Imperialism, 423;
and Classical finance, 494.
_See also_ Politics

Politics, and race, 116;
and intercourse by writing, 153;
and social ethics, 273;
English, and predestination, 304;
State and family, 329, 336;
estates as term, 329 n.;
“in form” estates, 330, 331;
as war, 330, 366, 440, 474;
estates and history of Cultures, 331;
estates and residue classes, 331-334;
Third Estate and non-estate, interrelation, 334;
nobility and priesthood, symbolic significance, 335, 339, 340;
great families, basis of dynastic principle, 336;
priesthood as opposite, 337;
big individuals and tradition, 338;
as life, dependence on nobility, 339, 440;
moral, 341;
custom-ethic and honour, 342, 343;
relation to economics, power and booty, 344, 345, 474-476;
State and historical stream, 361;
nations defined, primary estates and State, 362, 366;
and care and opposition, war as creator of State, 362;
State as inward connection, custom-ethic and law, 363;
orders of internal law, 363;
power and law, internal and external, 363-366;
barrack-state, 366 n.;
State control of external position, paramountcy, 367;
State and nobility as cognate, 367;
alienship of other estates, 368;
factual control and truths, 368;
importance of leadership, subjects and objects, 368, 369, 441,
456;
estate rule and minority within class, 369, 370;
interregnum between feudalism and State, 375;
rise of State idea, 376;
individual ruler, inherited will and dynasty-idea, 376-378;
Classical oligarchy, 380;
rise of nation-idea, 385;
estates against monarchy and non-estate, 385-387;
non-estate as opposite estate, 387;
Chinese and Egyptian absolutism, 387;
Western Fronde, 388-391, 404;
Western absolutist period, cabinet-politics, 391-394, 400;
Classical oligarchic-democratic-alternative period, 394-398;
of Civilization, non-estate as independent force, 400-402;
Rationalism and money as forces, opposition and dependence,
400-401, 455, 456;
Third Estate in England, 402, 403;
rational-money, class dictatorship, anti-form, 403, 404;
character of Second Tyrannis, 405-408;
army as power, 406;
polis and conquered territory, 407;
Roman State of this period, 408-411;
doctrinaire Parliamentarism, 412-415;
its decay, 415, 416;
Fronde period in Arabian Culture, 423;
Third Estate and revolution in Arabian Culture, 424;
pre-Civilization relics and future Western, 430;
theory and reality, 439;
personal, 441;
popular talent and leadership, 441;
men and measures, 441 n.;
conscienceless “doing,” 442;
seasonableness, command of means, 443, 446;
exemplariness in doing, 443;
tact of command, 444;
tradition of command, 444;
art of the possible, 445;
opportuneness, 446;
foreign and domestic, 447;
early cultural, factions, 448;
urban, and parties, 448, party and estates, 449-451;
displacement of party by private, machine, 452, 454, 464;
place and influence of theory, 453-455;
Roman demagogy, elections and courts, 457-460;
Western demagogy, press, 460-463;
battle between democracy and Cæsarism, 463, 464;
hero-death, 471;
and religion, 473 n.;
and financial credit, 491 n.
_See also_ Cæsarism; Church and State; Dynastic idea; Estates;
Feudalism; Foreign relations; History; Polis; Sex

Polybius, on sterility, 104;
on Flaminius, 411

Polycrates, and finance, 383;
economics and politics, 475

Pompey the Great, adventurer, 19;
principate and monarchy, 50;
and Rome, 383;
Triumvirate and Cæsarism, 413;
at Lucca, 446;
demagogy, 458, 459

Pompey, Sextus, and Cæsarism, 428 n.

Pompon, François, technique, 128 n. {sic}

Population, megalopolitanism and sterility, 103-105;
machine and increase, 502

Porcelain, Chinese invention, 501 n.

Porphyry, and Greek Church, 176;
Scholasticism, 229;
ecstasy, 242;
community of elect, 243;
on divine elements, 252

Poitiers, importance of Saracen defeat, 192

Portraiture, physiognomic studies, 126 n.

Portugal, separation from Spain, 390

Possession, concept, 480;
and fortune, 483;
Classical land and money, 487

Poverty, Western learning and vow, 346. _See also_ Monasticism

Power and booty, 344, 345, 347, 371, 372, 474

Prætors, urban, 374;
beginning, 382

Precedent, lack in Roman law, 62;
in Arabian law, 72

Predestination, and English politics, 304. _See also_ Will

Premonstratensians, as rural, 92

Press, and free opinion, 405;
and spatial infinity, 413;
as political means, 447;
power in Western demagogy, 460;
and gunpowder and war, 460;
expulsion of book by newspaper, 461;
dictum as public truth, 461;
education as instrument of power, 462;
syndication, as army, 462;
censorship of silence, 463

Pre-Socratics, asceticism, 283

Pretinax, edict on untended land, 106

Priene, plan, 100

Priesthood, primary class, 97;
beginning as estate, and nobility, 280;
and time mythology, 286;
Western and contrition-concept, 294, 294 n., 298;
relation to other estates, 334, 335;
symbolic significance, waking-being, causality, 335-338, 340;
relation to family and dynasty, 337;
as ornament, idea and person, 337, 338;
and life, 339;
as result of shaping, 340;
and heredity, 341;
moral, 341;
and property, 344;
and learning, style influence, 345-347, 478;
common cultural estate, 350;
cultural styles, 352;
conflict with nobility, 352-354;
city movement, effect, 355, 356;
Western law-making, 365;
Classical, as city officials, 381

Priestley, Joseph, and Third Estate, 403 n.

Primitive man, Ice Age, 33, 34;
and religion, 275.
_See also_ Man; Peasantry

Principate, in Pseudomorphosis, 349;
Sulla as heir, 423;
Augustus’ dyarchy as nullity, 432

Printing, symbolism, 413;
Chinese invention, 501 n.
_See also_ Press

Priscus, Helvidius, death, 434

Private law, first systematic, 66;
Western, and Roman law, 77, 79

Proclus, on Chaldean oracles, 245;
as Syncretic Father, 252;
biography, 252;
and substance controversy, hymn, 257 n.

Procopius, on Narses expedition, 200

Proculiani, legal school, style, 67, 346

Profane, as concept, 345

Proper, and “alien” in sensation, 6

Property, Classical concept and Western law, 82;
farmhouse as, 90;
origin of idea, groundness, 343;
power and booty, divergence, 344, 345, 347, 371, 372, 474;
effect of money, 357;
English law, 371.
_See also_ Economics; Money; Roman law

Prophetic religions. _See_ Apocalyptic

Protestantism. _See_ Puritanism; Reformation

Provinces, and megalopolitanism, 98, 99

Prudentes, law-men, 71

Prussia, as Hohenzollern creation, 182;
political rise, 392;
origin of finance, 489.
_See also_ Germany

Psalms, period, 249

Psellus, Michal Constantine, religiousness, 313

Pseudo-Clementines, romances, 237

Pseudomorphosis, Justinian, Christianity, and Corpus Juris, 74;
as historical term, 189;
of Arabian Culture, 189, 190;
effect of Actium, 191;
Charles Martel and Western avoidance, 192;
Russia, 192;
falsification of Arabian manifestations, 200;
aspects of Syncretism, 201-204;
Jewish rescue from, 210, 211;
Catholic Church and Marcionism, 227;
and substance controversy, 256-258;
feudalism, 349;
economics, 480 n.
_See also_ Religion; Roman law; Syncretic Church

Psychology, of the crowd, 18;
cultural basis, 271

Ptah of Memphis, and dogma, 281

Public opinion, rise, status, 400;
and press, 405

Pulcheria, and dynasty, 379

Pumbeditha, academy, 71

Punctuation, as language gesture, 134

Punic Wars, economics in, 410;
evolution of ruthlessness, 422

Purgatory of learning, 346 n.

Puritan Revolution, as Fronde, 389, 390

Puritanism, Islam as, 302-304;
basis, common cultural manifestation, 302-305;
and concepts, 303;
Pythagoreans, 303;
predestination and politics, 304;
and Rationalism, 305;
Jewish, 316;
and Fronde and Tyrannis, 386 n.;
and English Fronde, 389, 390

Pydna, battle, importance, 190, 409 n., 422

Pyramids, as cosmic, 92