Chapter XXXIV: Book V: The Jew and the Talmud (3)

Ælia Capitolina, site of, 77;
insults at, to Christians, 78;
results of building, 332, 335-6 _et seq._

Ælius Verus, adopted by Hadrian, 83

Æneas, piety of, 87

Æneid, teaching of, 88

Africa (_see_ Carthage, _see also_ Egypt), Christian congregations
in, mid-second century, 36

Agaunum (S. Maurice), Martyrdom legend concerning, 148 _n._ 1

Agrippa, builder of Pantheon portico, 280

Akiba, Rabbi, eminence of, and of his pupils, 337, 354-6
Fate of, 355 _& n._ 1
Supporter of Bar-cochab, 78, 336-7
on Massorah, 362 _n._ 1

Alcuin, 278

Aldus Manutius, supporting Pliny’s letter, 46

Alemanni, death of, 283

Alexander, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259

Alexandria, Jewish revolts in, 330, 334-5, 346;
literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10, 13;
plague of, 155 _n._ 2

Alexandrian-Jewish influences in Revelation of S. John, 72

Allard, --, on Acilius Glabrio, 269;
on Archæology as rehabilitating legend, 289;
on Jewish fecundity, first century, in Rome, 5 _n._ 1;
on the Jews in the Augustan age, 4;
on Nero’s persecution and popular disgust, 42 _n._ 2;
on the Martyrdom of the Theban legion, 148 _n._ 1;
on Pliny’s letter, 46;
on S. Peter’s arrival in Rome, 19 _n._ 1;
on Trajan’s personality, 48
Translation by, of the Epitaph of Pope Damasus, 215 _n._ 1

Almsgiving, in the early Church, 113, 119-22, 123, 130 _et seq._,
138, 139

America, Civil War of, cause of, 135 _n._ 1

Amoraim, the, 345, 358 _n._ 1, 359

Amphitheatre games, horrors of, 50;
Martyrdoms in, 110, 172, 175-6;
training of Christians for, 198

Ampliatus, Chapel or Crypt of, Domitilla Cemetery, 240
Tomb of, identification of, 241-2

Anacletus, Pope, cemetery of, 287;
discoveries in, seventeenth century, 280 _et seq._
Memoriæ erected by, over tombs of SS. Peter and Paul, 233, 237,
281 _et seq._

Ananias and Sapphira, gift of, voluntary, 120 _n._ 1

Anchor, as Christian Emblem, 310

Angels, Haggadic references to, 378, 379

Animals, wild, in amphitheatre games, exposure to, of Christians,
&c., 175-6, 178, 183, 185, 187, 191, 203, 204, 269

Anniversaries of Martyrs, first celebrated, 35

Antioch (_see also_ Ignatius), literary support from, of Petrine
tradition, 9, 13

Antipas, martyr, 169

Antonines, the (_see also_ Antoninus Pius _and_ Marcus Aurelius),
reigns of, 63;
characteristics of, 84 _et seq._;
table of succession of, 83

_Antonins, Les_, by De Champagny, on Hadrian’s character, 77 _n._ 1;
on the number of Jews slain in the last wars, 338 & _n._ 2

Antoninus Pius, 186, 277;
adopted by, and successor to, Hadrian, 83;
family and character of, 83, 84, 85
Attitude of, to Christians, 158;
ignorance of their faith, 77
Coinage of, 87, 90
Persecutions by, and reasons for, 33, 80, 81, 84, 91-3, 95, 137,
163 _n._ 2, 194, 207
Relations of, with Hadrian, 83, 85

_Apocalypse_ of S. John, 72;
place of, in early Christian thought, 156-7;
references in, to Persecution, 37, 157, 165, 167-70

_Apologies, The_, of Justin Martyr, 128, 184
on Assemblies, 108, 113-4
on Persecution, 185-6

_Apology_ of Aristides, on Burial of the dead by Christians, 132,
133;
on Christian charity, 124 & _n._ 1, 126, 130, 138;
on Christians as civil judges, 148;
on Hospitality, 128;
on Slavery, 135

_Apology_, or _Embassy_, of Athenagoras, on Persecution, 188-9

_Apology_ of Tertullian, and the _Octavius_ of Minucius Felix, 186

Apostasy, encouraged by Roman rulers, 195, 197;
Hermas on, 181;
results of, 197, 203;
some causes, 201

_Apostolical Constitutions, The_, on Almsgiving, 122;
on Hospitality, 128

Apostolic Fathers, writings of, cast in Letter form, 73

_Apostolic Fathers_, by Lightfoot, _cited_ on Pliny’s Letters,
46 _n._ 1;
on S. Hippolytus, 251

Apostolic remains, authors and form of, 73;
characteristics and special value of, _ib._, meant for
publication, 74 _& n._ 1

Apronienus, catacomb of, 248

Aquila and Priscilla, associations of, with S. Paul, and with
Pudens, 265-6;
burial-place of, 262, 266;
church founded by, 262

Arch of Titus, witness of, 333 _& n._ 1

Archæological Relics of S. Peter, Chair, and place of baptism, 12

Archæology, witness of, to literature and tradition (_see also_
Catacombs), 17, 19 _n._ 1, 81, 82, 108, 147, 152 _n._ 1,
209 _et seq._, 289, 295, 298, 304
to Pagan and Christian views on Death, 154-5
to Social Status of many early Christians, 111-2

Arenaria, in Jordani catacomb, 260

Aristides, _see Apology_ of, _supra_

Aristotle, works of, 146

Arles, Church of S. Hippolytus at, 255

Armellini, Prof., on Inscription concerning S. Agnes, 256-7;
Ubaldi’s memoranda published by, 281;
work of, in Catacomb exploration, 239

Army, Christians in, 148 _& n._ 1

Arnold, Matthew, on the Good Shepherd with the Kid, 320

Arsacius, Letter to, from Emperor Julian, on Christian
characteristics, 123 _n._ 1, 128, 131

Arval Brotherhood, College of, 236;
M. Aurelius a member, 95 _n._ 1

Asia, Christian congregations in, mid-second century, 36

Asia Minor (_see also_ Antioch, &c.), 71
Christianity in (_see also_ Pliny’s Letter), founder, and
effects on Paganism, and spread of, 51, 107
S. John’s prominence in, 9

Assemblies, Christian, composition of, 110-12, 113, 114, 240, 242
Importance of, 101;
evidenced in literary references, 107-9
Joy in, 155
Places where held (_see also_ Catacombs), 139
Proceedings at, various writers _cited_, 113 _et seq._
References to, in N.T. and later writers, Christian and Pagan,
107 _et seq._
Sunday, 108;
observance of, Justin Martyr on, 113-4
Teaching, doctrines and ritual at, 101, 113 _et seq._, 124, 126,
128-30, 131-3, 138, 139

Astolphus, 293

Athenagoras, 319 _n._ 1;
on Persecutions, 188-9

Attire, Rigourist teaching on, 153-4

Aubé, on the Acts of S. Felicitas, 300;
on Domitian’s persecution, 42 _n._ 2;
on Trajan’s Rescript, 49

Augustus Cæsar, 91, 280;
attitude of, to Imperial cultus, 42;
favour shown by, to the Jews, 3;
and the source of Rome’s greatness, 88, 89

Ausonius, poems of, 64

Autolycus, letters or books to, from Theophilus of Antioch, 108-9,
189

Auvergne, 66

Aventine Hill, church on, 262;
house, &c., of Pudens on, 12, 15

Avitus, made Emperor, 65

Baba-Bathra treatise, in the Talmud, 343 _n._ 1

Babylon, mystic name for Rome, 8, 10, 14

Babylonia (_see also_ Exile), Jews in, 346
Rabbinic Schools of, 326, 362-3, 368, 373
Chief, 358 _n._ 1
Mode of teaching in, 357, 358-60
Work of, 344, 345, 346, 372

Babylonian Gemara, the, 356 _& n._ 4
Talmud, the, 345,
Haggadic notices in, 358 _n._ 1

Baiæ, death at, of Hadrian, 83

Balaam and his ass, Haggadah on, 377, 378

Balbina, tomb of, 247

Baptisteries (_see also_ Wells) in Catacombs of Pontianus, and
S. Priscilla, 236

Baptistery of S. Peter, site of, identified by Marucchi, 12, 257,
267, 271-3

Barberini (Pope Urban VIII), epigram on, 280

Bar-cochab, false Messiah, cause of last war of the Jews, 336-7;
his Rabbinical supporters, 78, 336-7, 354, 355

Barnabas, Epistle of, _see_ Epistles

Barnes, --, _cited_ on Neronic burning of Christians, 285-6;
on S. Peter’s tomb, 281 _& n. et seq._

Baronius, Cardinal, 263;
present at finding of S. Cecilia’s body, 294 _& n._ 1, 297;
on S. Petronilla, 277

Basil of Cappadocian Cæsarea, 138

Basilicas:--
of S. Lawrence “ad Corpus,” Popes buried in, 250
Domitilla, 278
Prætextatus, 247
SS. Hermes and Basilissa, 274-5
in Cœmeterium Majus, subterranean, 258
in Rome, third century number and appointments of, 112
Ruined, crypts beneath, 228
of S. Agnes, 256-7
of S. Cecilia, 292, 293 _et seq._
of S. Felicitas, 302
of S. Hippolytus, 251, 254
of S. Laurence, 250, 254
of S. Sylvester, burials in, 266 _& n._ 1, 272
When and why erected, 272

Benson, Archbishop, on S. Cyprian, 122 & _n._ 1, 127 _n._ 1

Bernini, Baldacchino by, in S. Peter’s, discoveries on erection of,
233 _n._ 1, 280 _et seq._

Bethel, the old prophet of, 321

Bethia, Zealot headquarters, 336

“Billicum confessionis,” nature of, that of S. Peter, 237, 282

Bishops and Popes of Rome (_see under_ Names), claim to be
successors of S. Peter, undisputed, 16
Catalogues of, on date of Linus’s accession, 14;
to Eleutherius, 15
Early, buried around S. Peter, _see_ Papal Crypt

Bithynia and Pontus, 57, 58, 62
Christians in (_see also_ Pliny’s letter), 27, 32, 35 _n._ 1,
45 _et seq._, 50, 71, 75, 77, 103 _& n._ 2, 110, 177

Bliss, instant, after Death, Christian hope of, 156

“Book of Jubilees,” subject-matter of, 377, 378

Borghesi, Cardinal, 300;
re-interment by, of S. Sebastian, 244

Bosio, --, pioneer of Catacomb exploration, 223-4;
present at discovery of S. Cecilia’s body, 294 _& n._ 1, 297

Bourges, mention at, of S. Petronilla as S. Peter’s daughter, 278

Brescia, relics of S. Hippolytus at, 255

Brotherhood character of early Christianity, 38, 122-3, 270

Builders, of Basilicas, &c., injury done by, to Catacombs, 250, 257

Burial customs, Jewish, Christian, and Pagan, 4, 5, 131-3, 264

Bury St. Edmunds, cult of S. Petronilla in, 278

Cæcilian family, the, Christians and martyrs of, burial-place of,
245, 291, 296-7 _& n._ 1

Cæcilius, pagan interlocutor in _Octavius_ of Minucius Felix, 146,
186;
arguments of, source of, 145;
contempt of, for Christians, 158;
on Christian love, 119, 129

C. Aurelius, Censor, 233

Caius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, identified, 231;
martyred relations of, 259 _n._ 1

Caius, Presbyter, 282;
on the Memoriæ of the Apostles in Rome, 11

Caligula, Emperor, and the Imperial cultus, 42 _n._ 1

Callistus, Bishop or Pope of Rome, and martyr, once a slave, 136
_n._ 1
Cemetery or Catacomb of, 234, 236-7, 239, 240, 242, 244-6, 251,
261
Inscription of Damasus once in, on numbers of martyrs, 215
_& n._ 1
Papal burial-place (_q.v._), 231, 245-6, 273

Callistus group of Catacombs, 212

Carthage, Church of (_see also_ S. Cyprian), aid from, to other
Churches, 131
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10-11, 13
Plague at, charity of S. Cyprian and his flock during, 123
_n._ 1, 127

“Catacombas, ad,” _see_ S. Sebastian

Catacombs or Cemeteries, _see also under_ Names of Saints, _&c.,
and under_ Via, _and see_ Inscriptions, Itineraries, and
Translation
Decorations of, deductions from, 133, 147, 219, 220, 221
Exploration of--
beginning, 223 _& n._ 1
progress, 224 _et seq._
results, 219, 220-1, 224, 225, 230 _et seq._
Workers, _see_ Bosio, De Rossi, Marchi, Marucchi
Extent and content of, 133 _et seq._, 220, 233 _et seq._
Jewish burials in, 4
Literature bearing on, 209-14, 226-8
Number of, De Rossi on, 232
Origin of, in general, 38
Rediscovery of, 223 _& n._ 1, 244
Restorations of, by Pope Damasus, 152 _n._ 1
Teaching in, _passim_;
on Death, 309-11
Three oldest, 266
Tombs in, _passim_
Uses of, 133, 139, 220 _et alibi_;
for worship, 118, 253, 258
Witness of, to _Acts of Martyrs_, 81, 82
to Christ, 308, 310, 311, 316-20 _& nn._
to Early Christian history and tradition, 105, 111-2, 133, 163
_n._ 1, 209 _et seq._, 219-21

Catalogues of Roman Bishops on date of Linus’s accession, 14

Celestinus, Pope, burial-place of, 272

Cemeteries (_see also_ Catacombs), Christian names for, 155

Cerinthian heresy, 23 _n._ 1

Chair of S. Peter, long shown, 12

Charity among Jews in Rome, 4

Charlemagne, 278

Christ, Sayings of, 366
Teaching of, contrasted with Talmudic, 366-8
With a Kid, Tertullian on, 319;
M. Arnold’s verses on, 320
Witness to, of the Catacombs, 308, 310, 311, 316-20 _& nn._

_Christian Institutions_, by Dean Stanley, on the Good Shepherd,
318 _& n._ 1, 319 _n._ 1

Christian, name treated as crime, 39, 189, 191
Relatives of Emperors, 110, 112, 148, 240, 241
Religion, powerful factor in spread of, 102-3
Testimony to spread of Christianity, in the New Testament and
after, 107-9
Unity, its double bond of Doctrine and Love, 118-9
Writers, early, on Numbers of Christians, 101, 208;
words _cited_, 103-6
on Persecutions, &c., 36, 37, 81, 82, 163-5, 166-7, 177-91, 208;
words _cited_, 103-6

Christianity, _see also_ Martyrs, Persecutions, _&c._
Early, connection of, with Judaism, 325
Growth of, 37 _et seq._, 107, 150 _& n._ 1, 151
Importance to, of history of the Jews after the last Wars, 326
_et seq._
of the Talmud, 326, 327, 348, 370 _& n._ 1
Influence on, of Rabbinical studies, 326-7
Menace of, to Judaism after the Dispersion, 355
Roman view of, after Jewish War of Extermination, 78, 79, 80

Christians, _see_ Pliny’s Letter, _see also_ Idol-worship, Incense,
_and_ Persecutions
Accused of burning Rome, 27;
and burned by Nero, 28-9
Classes composing, 101, 110-12, 148, 240, 241, 291, 296-7 _& n._
1, 299, 307-8
Discriminated from Jews, 27, 30, 92, 164, 341
Expelled from Rome by Claudius, 25
Fanatics among, 97
Guerdon of the faith of, 154 _et seq._
Jewish opposition to, in Rome, 18
Life of, in early days, 33-7, 101 _et seq._, 78-81, 140 _et seq._
Numbers of, and of Martyrs (_q.v._), 28, 46 _n._ 1, 53, 215;
witnesses to, 82 _& n._ 1, 101, 103-6
Schools of teaching among, two, 101

Christology of the Catacombs, 220;
of S. Paul, 23-4

_Chronicles_, Book of, Haggadic expansion of, 378

Church calendars, Martyrs first mentioned in, 208

_Church, The, in the Empire_, _cited, see under_ Ramsay

Church of the Propaganda, S. Hyacinthus’s remains in, 275

Church of Rome (_see also_ Rome, Christians in, _&c._), early
importance of, 16, 17

Cicero, the first great letter-writer, epistolary style of, 67, 71;
fashion set by, 56-7, 58, 64;
period of, 56;
popularity of, 69
on the Jews in Rome, 3;
on Slaves, 134

Circumcision forbidden to Jews in Rome, 335

Civil service, Christians in, 144, 145, 148-9

Civil War, U.S.A., causes of, 135 _n._ 1

Claudian, poems of, 64

Claudius, Emperor, 235;
expulsion by, of Jews, from Rome, 8, 18, 25;
S. Peter at Rome during reign of, 11, 12, 14

Claudius Gothicus, Emperor, martyrs in reign of, 262, 276

Clement of Alexandria, 179;
teaching of, 138;
writings by, _see Pædagogus_;
_cited_ in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 13;
on Christians living in the world, 146;
on Christians of wealth, 111 _& n._ 1

Clement VIII, Pope, and the finding of S. Cecilia’s body, 294, 297;
and S. Peter’s tomb, 282

Clermont, Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of, 66

Clitumnus fountain, Pliny’s description of, 60

“Clivium Cucumeris, ad,” Catacomb so called, 275

Codex Sinaiticus, _The Shepherd_ of Hermas included in, 179-80

Cœlian Hill, church on, Saints buried in, 249

“Cœmeterium Majus,” chief interest of, and other names of, 255,
257-8;
subterranean church in, 258

Cœmeterium Ostrianum, 255, 257, 271

“Cognitiones,” the, 43, 50

Cologne, relics of S. Laurence at, 255

Colosseum, the, martyrdoms in, 172

Column of the Passion, at S. Zeno’s chapel, 263

_Commentaries_ on the Gospels, &c., by Theophilus of Antioch, 189

Commodilla, catacomb of, 236, 238

Commodus, Emperor, 333 _n._ 2;
_Apology_ of Athenagoras addressed to, 188
Attitude of, to Christians, 97, 147, 164, 208

Communion of Saints, early Christian view on, 307 _et seq._

Communism and the early Church, 120 _& n._ 1, 130

Constantine the Great (_see also_ Peace of the Church), 197, 369
Basilicas built by, to
S. Agnes, 256-7
S. Paul, 237, 238
S. Peter, 233, 237-8, 273, 279-80, 282-3
Edict of Milan issued by, 150
Memoria built by, to S. Laurence, 250

Corinth, Epistles to, of S. Clement, S. Ignatius, S. Paul, and Pope
Soter, _see under_ Epistles
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 10, 13
SS. Peter and Paul at, 10

Cornelius, Bishop or Pope, of Rome, and martyr, tomb of, 243;
discovery of, 246
on Almsgiving by the Roman Church, 105, 120;
on the number of the Christians at Rome, 105, 106

Council, the, of Jerusalem, 8

“Couples,” the, and the oral Law, 339, 340

Crassus, Consul, 56

Creation legends in “Book of Jubilees,” 377-8

Cremation, not practised by Jews, 4

Crescentius, martyr, tomb of, 266

Cross on S. Peter’s sarcophagus, 282-3

Cruelty, Pagan and Christian, Rutilius on, 159

Crusaders, Itineraries for, 210, 227

Crypts, famous, _see_ Acilii Glabriones Lucina, Papal, Platonia,
Prætextatus, SS. Cecilia, Januarius, Priscilla, Silanus, _&c._
Age of, how determined, 267
Identification of, by De Rossi, 225, 230 _& n._ 1, 242
Local indications of presence of, 228-9

Cureton, Canon, and the Ignatian Epistles, 173 _n._ 1

Cyprus, Zealot revolt in, 334-5

Cyrene, Jews of, 346;
revolt of, 334-5

Cyrinus, martyr, tomb of, 243

Damasus, Pope, 263, 272, 301
Epistle of, honouring S. Felicitas, 259
Inscriptions of, aid of, to Catacomb explorers, 229-30;
one _cited_ on many martyrs buried together, 215 _& n._ 1
and the Martyrs at tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, 261
Work of, in the Catacombs, decoration, inscriptions, and epitaphs,
152 _n._ 1, 215 _& n._ 1, 229-30, 249, 252, 275, 291-2, 296
_n._ 1, 297, 302, 305

Daniel, the prophet, and Idol-worship, 149
Book of, _cited_ on Almsgiving, 121

David, King, 352

Dead, burying of, by Early Christians, 120, 131-3, 264

Death, Christian attitude to, 154-5, 309, 311
Pagan attitude to, 59 _n._ 1, 83, 313-4

De Boissier, --, on Pliny’s letter, 46;
on the School for Martyrdom, 198 _n._ 1

De Broglie, --, on Toleration shown by early Christian teachers,
142-3

De Champagny, --, on Hadrian’s character, 77 _n._ 1;
on number of Jews destroyed in the last wars, 338 _& n._ 2

Decius Aurelius, Emperor, persecutions under, 40, 97, 163 _n._ 2,
250, 254;
martyrs in, 236;
reason for, 194

Decoration of Catacombs, evidence from, and teaching of, 225, 267,
268, 269, 292, 301-2, 308 _et seq._;
portraits among, 296;
value of, to explorers, 229

Deissmann, Prof., on the Epistles, as written for publication, 71

Deities associated with Rome, 87, 89

De Rossi, G., Archæological work of, 209, 239, 246, 260, 261, 267
Excavations and discoveries by, 12, 42, 224, 246, 247, 254, 266
_n._ 1, 274
Results, 225, 230 _et seq._
Value to, of Itineraries, 226 _et seq._, 242, 243, 246, 247
on Acilius Glabrio, 269;
on the _Acts of S. Felicitas_, 300;
on Cœmeterium Majus as S. Peter’s Baptistery, 257;
on Common tombs of martyrs, 215 _n._ 1;
on Crypt of Lucina, 245;
on Epitaphs in the Catacombs, 310;
on the “Ostrian” Cemetery, 255, 257;
on the place of martyrdom of S. Chrysanthus, 260;
on Pudens, 265, 270;
on S. Cecilia’s burial-place, 289, 291, 292, 293 _n._ 1, 295-7,
298;
on scenes of S. Peter’s work, 12, 257, 267, 271;
on S. Petronilla, 277;
on S. Priscilla’s Catacomb, 261-2;
on the Tomb of Ampliatus, 241-2;
on the Tombs of Sons of S. Felicitas, 301-2

Despots, the malady of, 26, 82

Deuteronomy, Rabbinic claim for last verses of, 343, 364

“Devising new things,” a crime under Domitian, 269

_Dialogue with the Jew Trypho_, by Justin Martyr, 184;
on Persecution, 185-6

Diana, worship of, 195

_Didaché_, the, teachings of, 138;
on Almsgiving, 121, 123;
on Assemblies, 108;
on Hospitality, 128;
on Slaves and Masters, 135

Dill, Prof., _cited_ on Roman wish for posthumous remembrance, 59
_n._ 1

Diocletian, Emperor, 75
Baths of, 302
Christian relations of, 148
Christians at Court of, 147
Persecutions under, 97, 163 _n._ 2, 236, 244, 246, 249, 266
Martyrs in, 234, 239, 259 _n._ 1, 260, 276;
official records of Roman martyrdoms destroyed in his reign,
225
Protracted, light on, from Catacombs, 231
Reasons for, 42 _& n._ 1, 194
Severity of, reaction after, 151

Diognetus, Letter to, by unknown writer, on Persecution, 177-8;
suggested date, 178 _& n._ 1

Dion Cassius, 75, 269;
on Domitian’s executions, 41;
on the last wars of the Jews, 338 _n._ 1;
on Nerva’s treatment of Christians, 171

Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, on Christians at Court, 147;
on Roman generosity to other Churches, 131

Dionysius of Corinth, _cited_ on Alms to other Churches from Rome,
130-1;
in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 13

Dionysius, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243

Docetic teaching, heresy of, 23 _n._ 1

“Domine quo vadis,” Church, and legend of, 239

Domitian, Emperor, Arch of Titus finished by, 333 _n._ 1
Christian relatives of, 110, 112;
burial-place of, 240, 241
Emperor-worship enforced by, 170
Fate of, 42 _& n._ 2, 43, 48, 171
Persecutions under, 32, 171, 172, 173, 174, 207, 255, 269;
reasons for, and severity of, 40-2, 194
Triumph of, 333

Domitilla, catacomb of, 261
Age, grandeur, and size of, 240, 266
Basilica in, 278
Builder of, 112
Discovery of, 230;
and discoveries in, 239, 240-2
Flavian tombs in, 277
S. Petronilla buried in, 279

Domitilla, two Princesses so named, martyred by Domitian, 41, 230

Doulcet,--, ref. to, 300

Dove, in Christian symbolism, 310

Drei, Benedetto, plan by, of Vatican Cemetery (ancient), 287-8

Dryden, John, poem by on S. Cecilia, 294 _n._ 1

Duchesne,--, on Christianity as equivalent to Martyrdom, 37;
on _The Shepherd_ of Hermas, 179 _& n._ 1, 181;
on S. Cecilia’s burial-places, 293 _n._ 1;
term used by, for Church of Rome, 16 _& n._ 1

Eadburg, Queen, 279

Early Christian writers and teaching on Slavery, 135, 136-7

Ebert and others on relative dates of Tertullian and Minucius
Felix, 186

Edict against Christians issued by Nero, 32, 54;
of Milan, 150

Education, difficulties concerning, of Early Christians, 141-2

_Église, L’, Chrétienne_, ref. by Renan, on Hermas’s _Shepherd_,
180

_Église, L’, et l’Empire Romain_, by De Broglie, on early Christian
toleration, 142-3

Egypt, _see_ Alexandria

Einsiedeln, Itinerary of, _cited_, 212;
date, 227
“Syllogæ” at, 230

Elders and Judges, and the Law, 339, 349

_Elements of the Faith_, by Theophilus of Antioch, 189

Eleutherius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, 287;
list of predecessors of, 15

Elisha, prophet, on Ceremonial idolatry, 149

Emblems used in the Catacombs, 310 _et alibi_

Emperor-worship, 42 _& n._ 1, 169, 170, 181, 194, 195

England, crusade of, against Slavery, Lecky on, 135 _n._ 1

Ephesians, Epistles to, _see_ Epistles

Ephesus, the “highway of martyrs,” 173

Epistles or Letters, anonymous, _see_ Diognetus, Hebrews, Polycarp
Apostolic, 73-4;
on Persecution, 165, 166-7
of New Testament writers, 70-2
Catholic, 71, 72
Pastoral, 72
Patristic, on Persecution, 165, 170-6
by Various writers, Christian and Pagan;
_see also_ S. Cyprian
Barnabas, 74
on Assemblies, 108;
on Christ’s atonement, 116-7
tradition on, 73
Cicero, 56-7, 58, 64, 67, 69, 71
Dionysius of Corinth to the Roman Church, 130-1
Fronto, to M. Aurelius, 63-4 _& n._ 1, 85, 86-7
Horace, 69 _n._ 1
Julian, Emperor, to Arsacius, 123 _n._ 1, 128, 131
Ovid, 69 _n._ 1
Pliny the younger (_q.v._), 57, 59-62
Polycarp, 73, 125
S. Clement of Rome,
to the Corinthians, 73
First, 37, 104 _& n._ 2, 126, 128, 165, 170-2;
teaching of, 138;
_cited_ in support of Petrine tradition, 9
Second, so called, 104 _n._ 2, 121 _& n._ 1
S. Ignatius of Antioch, 73
Authenticity of, 165, 172-3 _& n._ 1
to Corinth, 108, 172-6
to Ephesus, 173
to Magnesians, 174
to Polycarp, 108
to Rome, 9, 37, 154, 173, 174-5, 199, 204-5
to Tralles, 173
S. James, meant for publication, 71;
on Assemblies, 107;
on wealthy Christians, 110;
on “pure religion,” 126
S. John,
First, meant for publication, 71, 72
Third, on Hospitality, 129
S. Jude, meant for publication, 71, 72
S. Paul, two classes of, 70-2
to Colossians, 23-4, 70
to Corinthians, 21
First, 134-5;
Haggadic influence in, 379
Second, 71
to Ephesians, nature of, 23, 70
to Galatians, 21, 135, 379
to Philemon, 71, 134
to Philippians, 23, 70, 154
to Romans, 17, 19 _& n._ 1, 21, 24, 107, 129;
Linus mentioned in, 283
to Thessalonians, 21
to Timothy, First and Second, 72, 379
to Titus, 72, 135
on the Church at Jerusalem, and its poverty, 120 _n._ 1,
130
S. Paulinus of Nola to Sulpicius Severus, on his slave, 136-7
S. Peter, First, 71, 129;
date and place of writing, 8 _& n._ 1, 16, 18, 19, 51, 107,
135, 165, 166 _n._ 1, 167;
to whom addressed, 107
Seneca, 57, 69, 71;
to Lucilius, 29
Sidonius Apollinaris, 64, 66-7
Soter, to Corinth, 104
Theophilus of Antioch, to Autolycus, 108-9, 189

Epitaphs (_see also_ Inscriptions) in the Catacombs, Characteristics
of, Christian, 154-5, 307-9;
Pagan, 154-5, 313-4

Equality without democracy among Early Christians, 38

Eschatologic trend of the Haggadah, 378

Esquiline Hill, church on, 262

Essenes, the, 330

Europe, Christian congregations in mid-second century, 36

Eusebian catalogue of Roman Bishops, value of, in support of Petrine
tradition, 14, 15,
Armenian version of above, _ib. ib._

Eusebius, Bishop or Pope of Rome, 128, 147, 187-8;
attempted exculpation by, of Trajan, 49;
burial-place of, 243;
identified, 243
_cited_ in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 11-12, 14;
on Almsgiving, 120, 127;
on high offices filled by Christians, 149;
on the Plague, and on Christian charity, 127;
on Pliny’s correspondence with Trajan, 45;
on Theophilus of Antioch, 189

Evander, home of, 87

_Évangiles, Les_, by Renan, _cited_ on Pliny’s letter, 46 _n._ 1;
on Trajan as persecutor, 49

Evaristus, Bishop or Pope of Rome, burial-place of, 287

_Exhortatio ad Martyrum_, by Origen, 199

Exile of the Jews, in Babylonia,
Effect of, on their character, 348, 361, 371
Return from,
Rise of the Scribes on, 343, 356
Talmud, origin of, coeval with, 348

Ezra, 342, 343

Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, 105

Faith, in Early Christian Church, 39

Fame, posthumous, Roman yearning for, 59 _& n._ 1, 65

Family life, early Christian difficulties in, 140-1

Fasting, early Church, 124 _& n._ 1;
Rigourist teaching on, 153

Filocalus, Furius Dionysius, inscriptions cut by, 230;
fame of, 301

Fire of Rome, the great, 25;
attributed to Nero, 26-7, 28, 31, 285;
consequence of, to Christians and to Jews, 27-30
Martyrdom by, 28-30, 256;
unusual, 275

Fish, mystic, explained, 310, 316-7 _& n._ 1

Flaccus, 3

Flavian Emperors, the (_see also_ Domitian, Titus, _and_
Vespasian), persecutions under, and reasons for, 39-42, 163
_n._ 1, 172, 173, 174;
tombs of, 277

Flavianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243

Flavius Clemens, Consul, martyred by Domitian, 41

Florus, Procurator of Judea, 330

Forgiveness of Sin, consciousness of, joy from, 155-6

Formula for reply, of possible Martyrs, 199

Fortitude under Torture, Justin Martyr on, 185;
moral effect of, Lecky on, 193-4;
Roman view, 193, 205

Forum, the, 86, 89

Freedmen, in Rome, 137

Freeman, Prof., on S. Petronilla’s altar, at Gloucester, 279

Friedländer,--, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49

Fronto, 95, 145;
contempt of, for Christians, 158;
correspondence with Marcus Aurelius and his colleague, 63-4;
letters of, on Antoninus Pius, 85, 86-7

Galatians, Epistle to, _see_ Epistles

Galba, Emperor, 39, 331

Gallerius, Emperor, and the cemeteries, 237

Gallus, Cestius, siege by, of Jerusalem, 330

Gamaliel, the elder, 366

Gaul (_see also_ Lyons, Vienne, _&c._), Visigoth invasion of, 66

_Gemara_, the, 344-5 _& n._ 1, 346, 362, 370;
basis of, 358 _n._ 1, 360, 361;
exclusive spirit in, 366-8;
extravagances of, 347;
Rabbis of, 358, _n._ 1, 359;
study of, 362-3;
two versions of, 356 _& n._ 4

Generosa, catacomb of, 235, 236

_Genesis_, Book of, Haggadic commentary on, 377-8

Gentle School of Christian teaching, 101, 157

Gieseler,--, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49

Ginsberg, Dr., work of, on Massoretic notes, 363-4

Gloucester Abbey, altar and chapel of S. Petronella at, 279

Gnosticism, rise of, concurrent with Rabbinism, 326
Teachers of, classes addressed by, 112 _n._ 1

_Golden Age, The, of the Church_ (by author), _cited_, on Saints’
power over Animals, 176 _n._ 1

Good Shepherd, the, paintings of, in Catacombs, 248, 301, 308, 310,
317-20 _& nn._

Gospel, the, at Rome, problem of its beginnings, tradition as to
founder, 7;
literary quotations sustaining, 8, 9 _et seq._

Gospels (_see also under_ Names), Canonical, in circulation _temp._
Antonines, 96;
form of, 72;
power of, 103;
woman’s position in, 367 _& n._ 1

Government service, Christians in, difficulties of, 141, 144, 145,
147, 148-9

Graffiti in the Catacombs, 248, 251, 259

Great Synagogue, the Men of, 339, 340

Greece (_see also_ Corinth), S. Paul’s missionary success in, 107

Gregory the Great, additions by, to Basilica of S. Paul, 238;
and the Monza labels, 214, 228, 303-4;
homily by, on S. Felicitas, 305;
prayer of, for Trajan, 49;
on the _Acts_ of S. Felicitas, 300;
on reverence for tombs of great Saints, 283

Gregory IV, Pope, 275

Hadrian, Emperor, 104, 164, 182, 274;
accession and reign of, authorities on, 75;
buildings by, at Jerusalem, 77-8, 332, 335-6 _et seq._;
character of, 75, 85;
cities founded by, 76 _n._ 1;
death, last days, and insanity of, 82-3, 84, 335
Persecutions by, and attitude towards Christianity, 77, 81-3, 163
_n._ 2, 247;
reason for, 194
Rescript of, 80;
effect of, 180
Villa of, 82
Wars of, 325
Zealot revolt under, 334

Haggadah, the, 343 _& n._ 2, 344;
detailed explanation of, 371 _et seq._, 377-9;
Divine inspiration claimed for, 365;
edited by R. Akiba, 356;
in the Exile, and after, 349-50, 351 _& n._ 1, 371 _et seq._;
Talmud popularity largely due to, 371;
sources of, 372-3

Haggadic notices, nature of, 373;
where met with, 358 _n._ 1, 372, 373

Haggai, the prophet, and the oral Law, 339

Hagiographa, Divine inspiration ascribed to, 365

Halachah, the, 343 _& n._ 2, 344, 349, 350;
developments of, 376-7;
discussions on, 360;
editions of, by R. Akiba, 354-6,
by “Rabbi,” 358 _n._ 1;
reduced to writing by “Rabbi,” 372 _& n._ 1

Harnack, A., on authorship of _2nd Epistle_ of Clement of Rome,
104 _n._ 2;
on _The Shepherd_ of Hermas, its date, 179 _& n._ 1;
and various classes in the Church, 124-5;
on the Martyrdom of Theban legion, 148 _n._ 1;
on numbers of early Christians, inference from size of Catacombs,
105-6 _& n._ 1;
on the _Pædagogus_ of Clement of Alexandria, 111 _n._ 1

Hebrews, Epistle to the, 71, 72;
Haggadic influence seen in, 379;
on Christian Assemblies, 107;
on Charity, 130;
on Hospitality, 128-9;
on Persecution, 165, 166

Hegesippus, list by, of Roman Bishops, 15

Heracleon, Gnostic teacher, 112 _n._ 1

Heresies and Heretics, first century, at Rome, 22, 23 _& n._ 1

Heretical teachers, second century, successful contentions of
Christians with, 37

Hermas, author of _The Shepherd_ (Pastor) (_q.v._), 136 _n._ 1, 178;
teaching of, 138, 179, 182-3

Herod Antipas, and S. Peter, 19 _n._ 1

Herod family, 3, 329

Herod the Great, 340

Herodians, 329

Hilary of Poitiers, on persecuting Roman Emperors, 40 _& n._ 3

Hillel, 356;
attempt of, to edit Mishnah material, 351;
codification work of, 356 _n._ 1;
and Shammai, 339,
debt to, of Rabbinism, 340

_Histoire Ancienne de l’Église_, by Duchesne, _cited_, 16 _& n._ 1,
179 _& n._ 1, 181, 293 _n._ 1

_Histoire des Persécutions_, by Allard (_q.v._), _cited_, 19 _n._ 1,
42 _n._ 1, 48

_Histoire des Persécutions_, by Aubé, _cited_, on Domitian, 42
_n._ 2

_Historia Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestriæ_, on Royal burials near S.
Petronilla’s altar, 279

_Histories of Tacitus_ (_q.v._), the Lost, passage from (alleged) on
destruction of the Temple, 331 _& n._ 1, 332

_History of European Morals_, by Lecky, on Christian charity, 137-8;
on Christian fortitude and its effects, 193-4;
on Christianity, causes of its spread, 150 _& n._ 2;
on Slavery, 134, 135 _& n._ 1, 136 _n._ 1

Honorius, Emperor, 56, 252-3;
and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238

Honorius I, Pope, 276;
and the Basilica of S. Pancras, 235

Honorius III, Pope, additions by, to S. Paul’s Basilica, 238;
and the Basilicas to S. Laurence, 250

Honorius IV, Pope, the Talmud condemned by, 366

Hope, Christian, for the joy of the Future Life, 156-8, 311;
evidence of Catacombs on, 268

Horace, poetic epistles of, 69 _n._ 1

Horatius and the bridge, 87

Hospitality, in the early Church, 128-9;
in provision of graves, 38

Hyginus, Pope, burial-place of, 287

Ichthus, meaning of, 310, 316-7 _& n._ 1

Idol-worship (_see also_ Incense), Ceremonial, attitude to, of
Rigourist and opposite schools, 144-5, 147, 148;
Old Testament attitude to, 149;
Tertullian on, 203

_Ignatius and Polycarp_, by Lightfoot, _cited_, 40 _n._ 3

Immortality, Christian ideas on, 156-8

Imperial cultus, _see_ Emperor-worship
Families, Christian members of, 110, 112, 148, 240, 241
Household, Christians in, 147

Incense, offering of (_see also_ Idol-worship), test for Christians,
52, 53, 181, 194-6

Insanity of despots, _see_ Hadrian _and_ Nero

Inscriptions in the Catacombs (_see also_ Damasus), 237, 251, 267,
268, 271, 285, 296-7, 301
Greek, 256-7;
age witnessed by, 267, 268
“Graffiti,” later, 229
Teaching of, 219, 220, 225, 307
Value of, to explorers, 229

Inspiration, claimed for Haggadah, 365;
of Jewish Scriptures, Talmud view on, 364-5;
of New Testament writings, 70;
voice of, cessation of, 73

Invocation of Saints, not generally taught in Catacombs, 312

Irenæus, teacher of S. Hippolytus, 14, 138, 170, 251, 315, 319
_n._ 1;
list of Roman Bishops by, 15;
writings addressed by, to cultured classes, 111 _n._ 1
_cited_ in support of Petrine tradition, 10, 14
on Christians at Court, 147;
on the founding of the Roman Church by SS. Peter and Paul and
on Linus, 15;
on numbers of Christians at Rome, 104, 106, 107;
on Polycarp and his memories of S. John, 73

Isaiah, the prophet, 365;
book of, 53rd chapter of, use made of, by early Christian
writers, 117 _& n._ 1
_cited_ on Forgiveness of Sins, 155

Israel, Glorification of, the object of the Talmud, 345

Itineraries, Pilgrim (_see also_ Names), value of, to explorers of
Catacombs, &c., 209 _et seq._, 227-8, 242, 243, 246, 247

Jamnia, Rabbinic School at, 326, 353, 357, 358 _n._ 1

Jannes and Jambres, source of names of, 379

Jerusalem, Ælia Capitolina built on site of, 332, 335-6;
result, 336-8;
Hadrian’s insults at, to Christianity, 77-8
Apostolic Council at, S. Peter at, 8
Communism in the Church at, results of, 120 _n._ 1, 130
Fall and destruction of, effect on Jewish nation, 22, 39, 340,
342, 346-8, 351, 353, 355, 357, 362, 368
Parties in, before first great war, 329-30
Sieges of, in order of date, by Gallus, 330;
Vespasian, 331;
Titus, 331-3;
Severus, 337
Taken by Pompey, 3

JESUS CHRIST (_see also_ Christ), Godhead of, importance of the
testimony of Apostolic Fathers in regard to, 74

Jew, the, and the Talmud (Book V.), 325 _et seq._

_Jewish Encyclopædia_, _cited_ on the life of Rabbinic schools, 359

Jewish heroes, Haggadic legends of, 378
Learning, stimulus to, of Talmudic study, 369
National ideals as affected by War of Extermination, 78-9
Scriptures, Canonical, 361;
inspiration of, 364-5
Women, disabilities of, 367 _& n._ 1, 380

Jews, attitude of, to the Gospel, reasons for, 7
Discrimination of, from Christians by Romans, progress of, 27,
30, 78, 79, 80, 92, 164
of the Dispersion, influence on, of Rabbinism, 339-41;
and of the Talmud, 339 _et seq._, 368-9
Fate of, after last wars, 325-6
History of, in Old Testament and after, 325-6;
evidential importance of, to Christianity, 325, 326
Persecutions of, and martyrs of, 336, 337, 338
Preservation of, as distinct race, 326;
cause of, 339, 345-7
in Rome, 3-6, 346;
expulsion of, 8, 18, 25;
Roman attitude to beliefs of, 3, 39;
rulers favourable to, 3
Twentieth Century, distinct, still, as race, 326;
influence of, 346;
numbers of, 369
Wars of, the three last, story of, and of consequences, 77, 78-9,
80, 325, 329 _et seq._, 354

Jochanan ben Zacchai, Rabbi, and his school of disciples, work of,
on the Mishna, 341, 353;
teaching of, 358

John, the Abbot, 228

John, the Deacon, 49

John, King, desired burial-place of, 321

John, the Presbyter, _cited_ on S. Mark, 9-10

Jordani, catacomb of, 258, 260;
tombs in, of sons of S. Felicitas, 259, 303

Joseph of Arimathea, 110

Joseph the patriarch, and idol-worship, 149

Josephus, on the burning of the Temple, 331

Joshua, and the oral Law, 339

Judæa, Roman rule over, 329;
and revolts against (_see also_ Jews, Wars of, _and_ Zealots),
329 _et seq._

Judaism, Authority and Influence of the Talmud on, 368-9

Julia Sabina, wife of Hadrian, 75

Julian, Emperor, 75
Letter from, to Arsacius, on Christian characteristics, 131;
on Christian brotherliness, 123 _n._ 1, 128

Julianus, Pope, martyr, tomb of, 243

Julius Cæsar, 56;
favour shewn by, to Jews, 3

Julius I, Pope, 276

Jupiter, worship of, test for Christians, 194, 195

Justin Martyr, 319 _n._ 1;
compared with Theophilus of Antioch, 189;
martyrdom of, 94, 104, 184;
teaching of, 138
on Aid to Prisoners, 130;
on Almsgiving, 113-4, 119, 129;
on Assemblies, 108, 113-4;
on Care of the Sick, 127;
on Christian fortitude, 185;
on Christ’s atonement, 117;
on highly-placed Christians, 111;
on Hospitality, 113-4, 128, 129;
on the numbers of Christians, 104, 106, 107;
on Persecutions, 37, 184-6;
on progress of Christianity, 107

Justinian, Emperor, dedication of a church by, to a slave-saint,
136 _n._ 1;
Talmud condemned by, 365

Justus, and S. Nicomedes, 255-6

Juvenal, on Domitian’s unpopularity, 42 _& n._ 2;
on the ideal Roman, 88;
on Roman Society, 58

Kabbala, the, 360, 362 _n._ 1

Kimchi, D., famous Rabbinist, 369

Kyneburg, Abbess of Gloucester, 279

Lactantius, on Almsgiving, 122;
on Care for widows and orphans, 126-7;
on Christian virtues, and burial of the dead, 131-2, 133;
on Persecutions, 32

Lanciani,--, 236,
_cited_ on Basilica of S. Paul, 238

Languages, of Christian Epitaphs in Catacombs, 308

Lateran Museum, Christian sarcophagi in, sculptures on, 19 _n._ 1

Latin language, debt of, to Cicero, 58

_Latin Literature_, by Dr. Mackail, _cited_ on Marcus Aurelius’s
letters, 63 _n._ 1

Law, Mosaic (_see_ Torah _and_ Midrash), Commentaries on, _see_
Haggadah, Halachah, Midrash, Talmud, Targumim, &c.
Roman, on treatment of Christians, 32, 49

“Law upon the Lip,” tradition on, 339

Le Blant,--, on the School for Martyrdom, 198 _n._ 1

Lecky, W. H., _cited, see History of European Morals_

Leland’s Itinerary, on cult of S. Petronilla (Petronell), 278-9

Leo III, Pope, translation of S. Felicitas and Silanus by, 259, 302

Leo IV, Pope, saints translated by, 249;
on tombs of Priscilla and Aquila, 262

Letter-form, of Apostolic “remains,” 73;
in Literature, reason of popularity, 70-1;
sole O.T. instance of, 69

Letters (_see also_ Epistles), by Classical writers and others, in
Roman literature, 56 _et seq._
meant for publication, 56, 61-2, 65, 66, 67, 68;
not so meant, 63
others, by Christians modelled on these lines, 69 _et seq._

_Letters relating the Martyrdom of Polycarp_, genuine, 81 _n._ 1

_Liber Pontificalis_, antiquity of, 15;
value of, to Catacomb explorers, 226-7
_cited_ on Basilica of Constantine the Great at S. Peter’s tomb,
282;
on S. Cecilia’s tomb, 262, 293 _n._ 1, 296;
on Novatus, 264;
on S. Priscilla’s catacomb, burials in, 266;
on S. Pudentiana and her sister, 264, 265 _n._ 1

Liberian or Philocalian catalogue, _cited_ in support of Petrine
tradition, 14, 15;
on burials in S. Priscilla’s cemetery, 266;
on the tomb of S. Felicitas and her sons, 301, 302-3, 304

Liberius, Pope, 301;
burial-place of, 272

Licinius, 29

Lightfoot, Bp., 121 _n._ 1;
on the _Acts_ of the Passion of S. Felicitas, 300;
on the Antonine persecutions, 94 _& n._ 2;
on the authorship of the _2nd Epistle of Clement of Rome_, 104
_n._ 1;
on Caius, 11;
on the date of the _Epistle to Diognetus_, 178 _n._ 1;
on the date of _Octavius_, 186;
on _Epistolary_ form as usual with the Apostles, 74 _n._ 1;
on genuineness of Pliny’s letter, &c., 46 _& n._ 1;
on Hilary’s reference to Vespasian’spersecutions, 40 _& n._ 3;
on Ignatius, 73;
authenticity of his (so-called) Epistles, 172-3;
his letter to the Roman Church, 9;
his yearning for martyrdom, 175;
on _The Shepherd_, of Hermas, 180;
on its date and author, 179 _n._ 1;
on S. Hippolytus, 11, 251-2;
on S. Laurence, 254;
on S. Paul’s _Epistle to the Romans_ and S. Peter’s first coming
to Rome, 19 _n._ 1;
on S. Peter (and S. Mark) in Rome, 10, 18;
on S. Petronilla, 277

Linus, Pope, first Bishop of Rome after S. Peter, 12, 15;
burial-place of, 283, 287;
Jerome on, 14;
“Memoria” chapel of, Papal burial-place in church on site of, 273

Lister, Jane, epitaph of, 309

Literary witness to Martyrs’ histories rehabilitated by De Rossi’s
excavations, 225, 230-1
to Numerousness of Martyrs, 209 _et seq._
to Persecution, A.D. 64-80, 163 _et seq._

Lombards, the, 293, 297

Lorium, country home of Antoninus Pius, 86, 87

Love as bond of Christians, 118-9

Lucilius, Seneca’s letters to, 29

Lucina, Catacomb or Cemetery of, in a garden, 234, 236, 238, 239;
S. Paul’s burial-place, 236;
S. Sebastian’s burial-place, 244
Crypt of, identification of, 245

Lucius Quietus, Roman general, 335

Lucius Verus, Fronto’s correspondence with, 63

“Luminaria,” in the Catacombs, 296 _& n._ 1;
indication from, of crypt below, 229

Lydda, Rabbinic school of, 357, 358 _n._ 1

Lyons, birthplace of Sidonius Apollinaris, 65
Literary support from, of Petrine tradition, 9, 13
Martyrdoms at, 94, 201, 208;
genuine accounts of, 81 _n._ 1
Pliny’s letters read to an audience, 61

Maccabean dynasty, agreements made by, with Rome, 3

Maccabees, story in, like that of S. Felicitas, 258, 298

Mackail, Dr., on letters of Marcus Aurelius, 63 _& n._ 1

Madaurian persecutions, 94

Maderno, Stefano, architect, 259 _n._ 1;
statue of S. Cecilia by, 294;
replicas of, _ib._ _n._ 1

Magnesia, Epistle to, of Ignatius, 173, 174

Mahommedanism, spread of, compared with that of Christianity, 102

Maimonides, famous Rabbinist, 369;
on the fathers of Rabbinism, 339

Manuals of Martyrdom, 199

_Marc-Aurèle_, by Renan, _cited_, 146 _n._ 1

Marcellinus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, 266;
identified, 231

Marcellus, Pope and martyr, burial-place of, 266, 272

Marchi, Father, archæological work of, 209, 224

Marcia, patronage by, of Christians, 147

Marcion, 189

Marcius Turbo, Roman general, 335

Marcomanni, war with, 95

Marcus, burial-place identified, 231

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus adopted by Antoninus Pius and successor
to him, 83, 145, 245, 292;
attitude of, to Christians, 33, 64, 80, 158
Character of, 84 _et seq._, 189
Correspondence of, with Fronto, 63-4
Death of, 164
“Meditations” by, 85-6, 96-7;
on Antoninus Pius, 85-6;
Christian pages of, 147;
on his religious ideas, 96-7
its one reference to Christians, 96-7
Persecutions by, 80-1, 163 _n._ 2, 164, 188-9, 190, 207, 208
_n._ 1, and reasons for, 81, 91-7, 137, 194;
martyrs in, 184, 258-9, 264, 266, 289, 290, 291, 298 _et seq._,
305
Melito’s discourse on, written to, 187-8
Table of succession of, 83

Marriage, Rigourist teaching on, 153

Mars, 195

Martial, poet, 59 _n._ 1;
attitude of, to the old Roman virtue, 88

Martyrdom, aspiration to, checked by the Church, 154
Attraction of (_see_ Ignatius), 37, 153 _et seq._
Schools of training for, 33, 36, 145
Methods of, writers on, 197, 198 _& n._ 1 _et seq._
Physical training for, 198, 201-3
Spiritual training, 198-201
Results, 203-5
Spirit in which faced, 205 _et prævi_

_Martyres, Ad_, by Tertullian, 199;
on Physical training, 202

_Martyrii, De Laudi_, 199;
on Christian fortitude in torture, 193

Martyrologies, literary sources of, in many instances rehabilitated
by De Rossi’s catacomb excavations, 225, 230-1;
on Confessors buried in Catacomb of Commodilla, 239

_Martyrology of S. Jerome_, value of, to Catacomb explorers, 226

_Martyrs_, Apocalyptic references to, 37, 157, 167-70
Burial and burial-places of (_see_ Catacombs, Cemeteries, _and_
Itineraries), 285-6;
burial near, desired, 312 _& n._ 1, 321-2
Formula for, of reply to judge, 199
Hermas on, 181
Hymns on, by Prudentius and others, 151-2 _& n._ 1
under Nero (_q.v._), 267-8, 285-6
Numbers of, emphasized, 33;
“small” theory refuted by archæology and literature, 82
_& n._ 1, 207 _et seq._, 209 _et seq._
Christian and Pagan witness to, 208
Second-century, rarity of Festivals of, 208
Seed of the Church, 196, 203
Slaves, famous, 136
Tombs of, 300 _et passim_
Traces of, in S. Peter’s Memoria, 284-5
Translation of, 227, 235, 236, 266 _& n._ 1, 267, 272, 273-4, 292

_Martyrum, De Gloriâ_, by S. Gregory of Tours, _cited_ on tragedy at
tomb of SS. Chrysanthus and Daria, 261

_Martyrum, De Locis SS._, _cited_ 210-11, 303;
on numbers of martyrs, 212, 213, 214

Marucchi,--, archæological researches and work of, 12, 42, 234, 239,
263, 301;
identification by, of S. Peter’s baptistery, 12, 257
on Acilius Glabrio, 269
on Catacomb of S. Priscilla as associated with S. Peter, &c., 257,
267, 268, 270, 271, 273;
on its immensity and regularity, 271
on the Domitilla Cemetery, 240
on Excavations, results of, attained and anticipated, 231-2
on Nicomedes’ cemetery, reservoir in, 256
on Papal burial-places, 273
on S. Cecilia’s burial-places and tradition, 293 _n._ 1, 298
on S. Felicitas’s tomb, and those of her sons, 302, 303
on the Thrason Catacomb, 260
on the veneration paid to S. Laurence, 250

Massorah, the, 361 _et seq._;
Temple Torah readings preserved in, 333 _n._ 2

Massoretes, the, duties of, 361-2

Massoretic notes on the sacred Jewish texts, 362-4

Mauritanian martyrdoms, 208

Maximian, Emperor, 148 _& n._ 1

Maximin, Emperor, Persecution under, 163 _n._ 2

Meir, Rabbi, codification of Talmud by, 356;
maxims of, on Women, 367

Melito, Bishop of Sardis, on Hospitality, 128;
on Persecution, 32, 187-8;
silent as to Vespasian, 40 _n._ 3

Memoriæ or Chapel-Tombs of Apostles, at Rome, locale of, 11, 233,
281 _et seq._;
testimony of, to Petrine tradition, 17

Mental guerdons of Christianity, 154-9

Messiah, hopes of, revolts due to, 330, 334
pseudo, revolts caused by, 336 _et seq._, 354-5

Midoth, treatise, 358 _n._ 1

_Midrash_, definition of, 371
Explained, two currents in, 350, 351
Subject-matter of, 376-7

Midrashim, the, 360

Milan, Edict of, effect of, on spread of Christianity, 150 _& n._ 1

Milman, Dean, on the style of the _Octavius_ of Minucius Felix,
186-7

Minucius Felix (_see Octavius_ by), 158

Miracles, Talmudic teaching on, 365

Mishnah (_see also_ Haggadah, Halachah, _and_ Talmud);
basis of, 361;
chief object of study, Rabbinic schools, 358 _n._ 1;
how studied, 359-60, 362-3;
curiosities of, 346-7;
Divine inspiration claimed for, 365;
evolution of, 341, 342-4;
exclusive spirit in, 366-8;
meaning of name, and nature of work, 341 _& n._ 1, 344 _& n._ 1,
356 _& n._ 3, 358 _& n._ 1, 365, 370;
oral at first, 344;
in the two Talmuds, 344-5;
on Akiba’s martyrdom, 355 _& n._ 1;
on the history of the Talmud, 339-40

Mishnah, the non-canonical, 360, 373

Mishnaic Rabbis, work of, on Halachah and Haggadah, 341, 344-5,
347, 351, 352, 358 _& n._ 1

_Mission and Expansion of Christianity_, by Harnack, 106 _n._ 1,
124-5

Mommsen,--, 331 _n._ 1, on Pagan Rome personified in Apocalypse, 169
_n._ 1;
on Pliny’s letter, 46

Monza Catalogue and Labels, story of, evidence of, on numerousness
of martyrs, 214-5, 228;
reference in to S. Felicitas and her sons, 303-4;
use of, to catacomb explorers, 228

Mosaic work, oldest, in Roman church, 263

Mosaism, destruction of, 341

Moses, 348, 349;
and the Law, 339
Rabbinical teaching in, 343 _& n._ 1, and on, 364, 373-4, 378

Mucius Scævola, torture of, 187

Muratorian Canon, on date of _The Shepherd_ of Hermas, 178-9

Music, association with, of S. Cecilia, 294 _n._ 1

Mutual aid between Christian Churches, inculcated, 130-1

Myers, F. W., verse by, on the Atonement, 115 _n._ 1

Naaman, the Syrian, and Idol-worship, 149

Nævius, the augur, 87

Naples, memorial at, of S. Agnes, 256-7

Nehardea, Rabbinic school at, 357, 358 _n._ 1

Nero, Emperor, 39, 40, 41, 42 _n._ 2, 182, 183, 197, 232, 245, 269
Death of, 207, 331
Edict of, against Christians, 32, 54
Fire at Rome attributed to, 26-7, 28, 31, 285
Insanity of, 26
Jews in Rome in reign of, 5
Persecutions by, 10, 28, 30, 46 _n._ 1, 62, 104, 164, 167, 172,
190, 197;
burnings under, 28-30;
numbers involved, 28, 46 _n._ 1;
S. Peter martyred during, 267, 285-6;
Tacitus’s references to, 62

New Testament, the, writers of, and writings, _see also under_
names of Authors, and of Books, _and see_ Epistles
Assemblies mentioned in, 101
Haggadic influences seen in, 378-9
Inspiration of, 70
Publication intended, Deissmann on, 71
References in, to Persecution, 165, 166-70
Teaching of, on Hospitality, 128-9;
and on Slavery, 134-5
Witness of, to spread of Christianity, 107

Nicholas, Pope, 226

Nicodemus and other persons of position among Early Christians,
110-12

Nicolaitan heresy, 23 _n._ 1

Nicomedia, Court of, Christians at, 147-8

Nîmes, birthplace of Antoninus Pius, 83

Nomeseus, martyr, 211

Northcote, Dr., on Early Christian faith as shown in Catacomb
inscriptions, 310

“Notices” on the founding of the Roman Church, as bearing on
tradition of S. Peter, 8, 9 _et seq._

Novatus, Baths of, 264, 265

Numerian, Emperor, persecution under, 260

_OCTAVIUS_, Dialogue by Minucius Felix, 138, 145-6, 186-7;
on Christian love, 119, 129;
on Christians in high place, 111;
on persecution, 186-7

Octodurum, Martyrdom legend of, 148 _n._ 1

Old Testament, Books of, text of, Jewish care of, and commentaries
on, 342 _et seq._, 370, 371-9
Christian reverence for, influence on, of the Talmud, and of
Rabbinism, 327, 370 _& n._ 1
Earliest Hebrew MSS. of, 363
History in, value of, 325
Letter in, the one, 69
Teaching of, on Almsgiving, 121

Onesimus, and S. Paul, 134

Oral teaching in Rabbinic Schools, 357-60

Oratory, Church of, London, replica in of Maderno’s S. Cecilia
effigy, 294 _n._ 1

Origen, modified Rigourism of, 146;
teaching of, 139;
identification by, of Hermas, 178;
veneration of, for _The Shepherd_, by Hermas, 179;
writings by, on Martyrdom, 199

Osric, King of Northumbria, burial-place of, 279

Ostia, 145, 186-7, 235, 236

Ostian Way, Memoria of Apostle on, 11

Ostrian Cemetery, other names of, 255, 257, 271

Otho, Emperor, 39, 331

Overbach,--, views of, on Trajan’s Rescript, 49

Ovid, poetic epistles of, 69 _n._ 1

Ozanam on Slaves in Roman Empire, first and second centuries,
135 _n._ 2

_PÆDAGOGUS_, by Clement of Alexandria, addressed to a cultured
community, 111 _n._ 1;
on Christians in the world, 146

Pagan attitude to Christianity, and its basis (_see also_
Persecutions), 28, 30-4, 35, 36, 51, 77, 137, 142-3, 158-9,
164-5, 194, 196-7
Attitude to death, 134, 313-4
Ideas on Christian misery, 158-9
Neglect to bury the dead, 132
Neglect of the poor, 128
Writings, witnessing to Persecutions (_see_ Pliny’s letter to
Trajan), 36;
and to spread of Christianity, 107

Paganism (_passim_), at core of Roman Empire, De Broglie on, 142-3;
displaced by Christianity, when, and why, 150, 151

Pain, unfelt by Martyrs, testimony to, 200

Palaces, Christians in, 110-11, 147, 149

Palatine Hill, palace on, of the Emperors, 86, 89;
graffito of crucifix on, deduction from, 147 _& n._ 1

Palestine (_see also_ Gemara _and_ Talmud), Rabbinic Schools of,
326, 344, 362-3, 373;
the chief, 353, 356 _& n._ 4, 358 _n._ 1;
mode of teaching at, 357-60
Roman occupations of, and Rabbinism, 340
Traces of the last “War” still seen in, 338-9

Palestinian Talmud, the, 345

Pallanteum, rebuilt by Antoninus, 87

Palm, as Christian Emblem, 310

Pantheon, portico of, robbed for Pope Urban’s baldachino, 280

Papal burial-places, 243, 245, 246, 250, 266 _& n._ 1, 272-4,
283-5, 286-7, 291
Crypt, named after Pope Callistus (_see also_ Papal
burial-places), 234, 236-7, 242, 244 _et seq._, 273, 287,
296, 297

Papias of Hierapolis, _cited_ in support of Petrine tradition, 9,
10, 13, 14

Paschal I, Pope, 227, 273, 276, body of S. Cecilia found by, 292-4;
and translated, 294, 297;
Church of S. Cecilia built by, 292;
translation by, of Martyrs’ remains, 235, 262, 263, 295
Vision of, 293
on Forgotten Martyrs, 215 _n._ 1

_Passions of the Martyrs_, oft-repeated answer given in, 199
_of S, Perpetua_, on Insensibility of Martyrs to Pain, 200

Pastor (not _The Shepherd_, _q.v._), 264

Patristic views of _The Shepherd_ of Hermas, 179

Paul, the Deacon, 49

Paul I, Pope, 227, 273;
translation by, of Martyrs’ ashes, 235;
especially of S. Hippolytus, 254

Paul V, Pope, 257, discoveries made by, in Vatican cemetery, 280-1
_et seq._, 287;
work of, on S. Peter’s at Rome, 279-80

“Pax Romana,” the, 58

Peace of the Church, the, 29-30, 203, 215, 228, 259, 263, 266, 272,
276, 302, 309
Pilgrimages to Rome after, 209, 216, 228, 251

Pentateuch (_see also_ Halachah), as canon of Jewish Scripture,
post-exilian days, 361;
reverence felt for, 342, 343, 361;
Talmudic view of its inspiration, 364-5

People, the, faith of, shown by Catacombs, 315, 319 _n._ 1;
how voiced by poets and Popes, 152 _& n._ 1

Pepin, King, translation by, of S. Petronilla, 279

Pergamos, Church of, message of Apocalypse to, 168, 169-70

_Peri-Stephanôn_, by Prudentius, poems, subjects of, 151-2 _& n._
1, _cited_ on forgotten Martyrs, 287;
on S. Hippolytus, 252-4

Persecutions of Christians, _see also_ Tacitus on
Active or latent, period of, 163 _& n._ 2
Evidence on, 163 _& nn._ 1 & 2, 164 _et seq._
Beginning, 27-9, 103, 104
Continuity, 29 _et seq._, 80, 207;
and increasing intensity, 80, 81-3
End, 29
Reasons for, 28, 30, 31, 32, 39 _et seq._
Reference to, in _The Shepherd_ of Hermas, 180 _et seq._
Silence of writers as to, reasons for, 35 _& n._ 1, 36-7
Under the Antonines, 80, 81, 94
Decius Aurelius, 97
Diocletian, 97;
severity of, 151
Flavian emperors, 39 _et seq._
Hadrian and his successors, 79, 80,
severity of, 81, 82 _& n._ 1, 83;
reasons, 91-7
Nero, 10, 28, 30, 46 _n._ 1, 62, 104, 164, 167, 172, 190, 197,
285-6
of Jews, 346

Petro or Petros, as basis of name Petronilla, 277

Petro, T. Flavius, founder of Flavian family, 277

Pharisees, 329-30;
after the Dispersion, 341

Philemon, S. Paul’s Epistle to, 71, 134

Philip, Emperor, lenient to Christians, 97

Philip of Side, on Athenagoras’s conversion, 188 _& n._ 1

Philip, son of S. Felicitas, tomb of, 259

Philippians, Epistle to, _see_ Epistles

Phœbe of Cenchrea, 110

Physical preparation for Martyrdom (_see also_ Schools of
Martyrdom), 198, 201-3

Pilgrim Guides (_see also_ Itineraries), witness of, to
numerousness of Martyrs, 210

Pilgrims, visits of, to Rome, 209, 216, 226, 228, 251;
favourite tombs of, 244, 260, 275, 294, 296, 297;
traces of, in Catacombs, 248, 251

Pirke Aboth (Sayings of the Fathers), 339, 340, 362, 365 _n._ 1

“Pittacia,” the, references in, to S. Felicitas and her sons, 303,
304

Pius I, Bishop of Rome, or Pope, 264, 265 _n._ 1;
burial-place of, 287;
slave origin of, 136 _n._ 1

Pius IX, Pope, and the rediscovery of the Callistus Catacomb, 246

Placidia, and the Basilica of S. Paul, 238

Plato, works of, 146

Platonia Chamber or Crypt, Cemetery of S. Sebastian, temporary tomb
of SS. Peter and Paul, 237, 243;
tomb of S. Sebastian near, 244

Plautius, 245

Pliny the Elder, 57