Chapter V: The Mule and the Rise of a New Cotton Manufacture 113-148

I.--The work of Samuel Crompton; begins efforts to
produce improved yarn at Hall-i’-th’-Wood (1772);
invents “mule” (1779); prices obtained for his
yarn; consents to make machine public, 113-116;
character of the mule and its method of spinning;
probable reasons why patent not applied for;
treatment of Crompton in 1780 and its effects;
asserts unacquaintance with Arkwright’s rollers,
117-122.

II.--Mule at first worked by hand in cottages; improvements
in the mule; the “Billy”; mule
supersedes jenny in cotton spinning; and water-frame
in finer counts, 122-124; application of
water-power; attempts to invent “self-actor”
mule; increase in size and appearance in town
factories, 124-126; early fine cotton-spinners;
immigration of Scotsmen; fine spinning and
machine making combined; rise of specialised
firms, 126-128; fine cotton fabrics made from
mule-spun yarn; effect upon Eastern cotton
industry; testimony of John Kennedy; markets
for fine yarn in late eighteenth and early nineteenth
centuries; transition in the English cotton-industry;
import of cotton from United States,
126-132.

III.--Social effects of the transition; William Radcliffe’s
account; examination of the view that combined
agricultural and industrial occupations prevailed
in country districts of Lancashire before the coming
of factories; evidence from _Manchester Mercury_,
Aikin, Parliamentary reports; Radcliffe’s account
of the township of Mellor; 1801 census returns
relating to Mellor; Gaskell’s account of the classes
in country districts affected by the transition;
yeomen and artisans; improvement in material
position of artisans and elevation of lower class;
many yeomen turned to industry and some achieved
success as manufacturers; number engaged
in Lancashire textile industry who combined
agricultural and industrial occupations relatively
small; similar conclusion regarding number of
small independent producers, 132-144; improved
position of weavers reacted upon other trades and
attracted labour; the Napoleonic War; mid-eighteenth
century conditions repeated and intensified;
effects upon social and economic
development; and upon the problem of industrial
relationships, 144-148.

CHAPTER VI

CONCERNING THE AFFAIRS OF SAMUEL CROMPTON 149-165

Crompton takes up residence at Oldhams; begins
spinning business at Bolton (1791); subscription
(1802-1803) partial failure owing to outbreak of
war; extends his business; difficulties of his
position; attempts to arouse interest in his case,
149-153; application to Parliament decided upon;
collects information concerning effect of the mule
in England, Scotland, and Ireland (1811-1812);
petition presented to Parliament and referred to
Committee; period of distress and riots; delay
in proceedings; grant of £5000; Crompton’s disappointment,
153-158; failure of business
concerns; subscription raised for annuity (1824);
second petition to Parliament; Crompton’s death
(1827); memorials of Crompton; improvements
in the mule; its position in the world’s cotton
industry, 158-165.