Chapter XIII

POOR RELIEF IN FRANCE, SCOTLAND, AND ENGLAND DURING THE
CIVIL WAR AND COMMONWEALTH.

§ 1. Lax administration of poor relief in England during the years of
Civil War. (_a_) Decline of charitable institutions; (_b_) Neglect
in execution of ordinary law; (_c_) Instances of corrupt practices.
§ 2. Attempts to regain a good organisation of poor relief under the
Commonwealth. § 3. Reasons why disorganisation especially affected the
provision of work for the unemployed. § 4. State of poor relief after
the Restoration. § 5. Reasons for the failure to restore the old state
of things during the Commonwealth. § 6. History of legislation on
poor relief in Scotland (_a_) before 1597; (_b_) between 1597-1680.
§ 7. Failure of administration of poor relief in Scotland during the
seventeenth century. (_a_) Responses of the Scotch justices to the
orders of Council in 1623 show that they were unable or unwilling to
enforce the Poor Law themselves, and left it to the kirk sessions;
(_b_) Inadequate poor relief granted by the kirk sessions of Banff;
(_c_) Relief of the poor in Aberdeen shows that the relief considered
sufficient by the municipal rulers was double that which could be
granted from the funds at the disposal of the kirk sessions; (_d_)
Infrequency of assessment in Scotland before 1818; (_e_) Insufficiency
of relief during the years 1692-1699; (_f_) Prevalence of begging in
Scotland; (_g_) Reasons for the failure of Scotch administration. §
8. The history of poor relief in France. § 9. Comparison between the
history of poor relief in England and that in France and in Scotland
pp. 267-292

CHAPTER XIV.

CONCLUSIONS.

§ 1. Summary of history of English poor relief before the Civil
War. § 2. The political significance of the paternal measures of
the Government. (_a_) Possible attempt to attach to the Government
the poorer part of the nation; (_b_) Habitual use of proclamations
and orders in Council for a popular purpose. § 3. Success of the
enforcement of the Book of Orders in the reign of Charles I. § 4.
Results of the effectual administration of the Poor Law on English
social history pp. 293-304

APPENDICES.

APPENDIX I. Extracts from the Journals of the Common Council of London.

A. Copy of a precept issued for a collection for the poor issued
in 1563. _Journals_ XVIII. f. 145 b p. 305

B. Copy in the Journals of a precept for a collection in February
1573/4. _Journals_ XX. I. f. 119 pp. 306-307

APPENDIX II. Extract from the census of the poor taken at Norwich
recorded in the "Maioris Bocke for the Pore" pp. 308-310

APPENDIX III. Extracts from the "Orders for the poor" drawn up in
Norwich, May 1571: pp. 311-315

Orders for the poor, p. 311; for the balie of Bridewell, p. 312;
orders for children and others in wardes, p. 313; orders for the
deacons, p. 314. _The Book for the Poore_, Norwich.

APPENDIX IV. Report concerning scarcity from Norfolk, 1586. _Dom.
State Papers Queen Eliz._, Vol. 191, No. 12 pp. 316-317

APPENDIX V. Part of a draft of orders for remedying the scarcity of
corn in 1586. _Lans. MSS. Brit. Mus._ No. 48, f. 128 pp. 318-326

APPENDIX VI. Accounts of the Churchwardens and Overseers of the parish
of Staplegrove, co. Somerset, for the year 1599. _Brit. Mus. Add. MSS._
30,278 pp. 327-330

APPENDIX VII. Orders made by the justices responsible for Aylesham and
Reipham, co. Norfolk, 23rd October 1622. _Brit. Mus. Add. MSS._ No.
12496, f. 222 pp. 331-333

APPENDIX VIII. Report of the justices from Lackford and the half
hundred of Exning, February 7th, 1622/3. _Dom. State Papers James I._,
Vol. 142. 14. I pp. 334-335

APPENDIX IX. Extract from the Privy Council Register. Copy of a letter
sent to the Deputy Lieutenants and Justices of the Counties of Suffolk
and Essex concerning the employment of the Poor. _Privy Council
Register Chas. I._, Vol. V. f. 263. 22nd May 1629 pp. 336-337

APPENDIX X. Letter concerning the restoration of order and relief of
the poor in Rutland. _Privy Council Register_, Vol. VI. f. 345. 15th
Feb. 1630/1 pp. 338-339

APPENDIX XI. Letter from Sir Thomas Barrington concerning the eight
hundreds of Yorkshire. Vol. 177, No. 31. 21st Dec. 1630 pp. 340-341