Chapter XLVIII: The First National Government of Peru

1822--1823.

The State of Peru--Appointment of a Junta--Bolívar offers Assistance, which is declined--The Plan of Campaign--The Army of the South--Dilatory Movements of Alvarado--The Advance of the Royalists--Battle of Torata--The Rout of Moquegua--Activity of Miller--Withdrawal of the Columbian Contingent--Arenales leaves Peru--Riva-Agüero named President--Preparations for a Fresh Campaign--English Loan--Despatch of a Peruvian Army to the South under Santa Cruz--Capture of Lima by Canterac--Sucre brings another Columbian Contingent to Peru--Bolívar is named Generalissimo--Canterac returns to the Highlands--Plans of Sucre--Manœuvres of Santa Cruz--He captures La Paz--Gamarra occupies Oruro--Retreat of Santa Cruz--Indecisive Action at Zepita--Dispersion of the Patriot Army--Orderly Retreat of Sucre--Appeals to San Martin for Help--Reconstruction of Congress--Arrival of Bolívar--His Reception--His Appearance--He is Master of Peru.....431

CHAPTER XLIX.

JUNIN--AYACUCHO.

1823--1824.

The Day-Dreams of Bolívar--Rivadavia--Treaty between Columbia and Buenos Ayres--Overtures from Spain to Buenos Ayres--The Mission of Alzaga to the West and North--Treatment of the Argentine Contingent by Peru--Mutiny of the Garrison of Callao--Hoisting the Flag of Spain--Falucho--Dissolution of the Army of the Andes--Monet occupies Lima and Callao--Treachery of Torre-Tagle--Ships burned by Guise in Harbour--Bolívar named Dictator--Execution of Argentine Officers by Monet--Illness of Bolívar--His Preparations--Olañeta rebels against the Viceroy--Bolívar marches on Jauja--Advance of Canterac--Cavalry Action at Junin--Rapid Retreat of Canterac--Bolívar returns to Lima--Movement against him in the Congress of Columbia--The Spanish Naval Squadron--Manœuvres of Sucre--Advance of Royalists from Cuzco--Sucre concentrates his Forces--The Royalists gain his Rear--Victory or Death--Victory of Ayacucho.....443