Chapter III: Part I (1)

_The_ CATERPILLARS, _described in this Book, are such as produce Moths; of which, as there is a great Variety, ’twas thought proper to range them under the following Heads or Chapters._

CHAP. I.

The CATERPILLARS belonging to this Chapter have six Hooks or Claws before, eight Feet in the middle, and some have, and some have not two Holders behind. Their Bodies are composed of twelve circular Joints, or Rings, conjoined by a common Membrane, which they are capable of contracting or expanding. When they would move along, they dilate the muscular Skin that separates the first Ring from the next; they advance the first Ring to a certain Distance, and then, by contracting and expanding the Skin of that Part, they move the second Ring: the same Method moves the Third, and so the whole Body marches in Succession: the Motion of their Feet and Claws corresponding with and assisting the progressive Motion of the Rings. _Vide Spectacle de la Nature, Dial._ I.

The CATERPILLARS under this Head may likewise be divided into three Classes:

I. NAKED or without HAIR.

II. Having little HAIR.

III. Having much HAIR.

_The First_ CLASS, _or the_ NAKED _and without_ HAIR, _may be subdivided in the following Manner_.

CLASS I.

_Such_ CATERPILLARS _whose Bodies are_ SMOOTH.

SECT. _A_.

_Without_ Risings, _or_ Protuberances

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _A_. 1.

The Great Yellow-underwing Moth. The CATERPILLAR of this MOTH lives through the Winter, and comes to its full Growth in _May_: It is found in Gardens, and other Places, and usually feeds in the Night, as many other of the NAKED CATERPILLARS do. Indeed, were they to do otherwise, they would soon be devoured by the Birds, which are much fonder of these SMOOTH CATERPILLARS than of the HAIRY ones. In the Day, they hide themselves within the Earth, and in other secret Recesses. They feed on the Leaves of the _Stock-July_ and other Flowers, as also on Grass, &c. They put on the _Chrysalis_ Form, within the Earth, in _May_, and the _Moths_ are bred in _June_. Great Plenty of this _Moth_, and other Species of the YELLOW-UNDERWING, were taken feeding on the Honey Dew, on the Limes and other Trees, in the Gardens of _John Philips_, Esq; at _Layton_ in _Essex_; they were discovered, by the Help of a Candle and Lanthorn, from Twelve o’Clock at Night till Two in the Morning; and were so fearless, that they would suffer one to take them with the Hand. At the same Time the ANGLE-SHADE and several other _Moths_ were taken.

See _Lister_ on _Godartius, P. 52. N. 41. Albin, P. 72. Reaumur_, Pl. 14. Pag. 342. vol. 1.

The Double Stock July-Flower.

_Leucoium incanum, majus, variegatum, flore pleno._ C. B. Pin. 201.

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 1. S. _A._ 2.

The WILD ARRACH MOTH, Mr. _Rosel_ says, The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the WILD ARRACH; that it changes to a _Chrysalis_, within the Earth, in _September_, and that the _Moth_ appears at the End of _May_ following. I once took some of these _Caterpillars_ feeding on the _Arrach_ in _September_, but had not the good Fortune to breed any Flies from them. See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 32.

The Wild Arrach in Flower.

_Atriplex folio deltoide._ Petiv. Herb.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 1. S. _A._ 3.

The ANGLE-SHADES, a _Moth_. It is advisable to look for the _Caterpillar_ of this Fly on Nettles, altho’ some feed on Fruit Trees, Bramble Bushes, _&c_. It goes into the _Chrysalis_ State at the End of _June_, in a Web mixed with Earth, which it forms upon the Ground; and thus it remains till the Beginning of _September_, when the _Moth_ is produced. There is an early Breed of this _Moth_ in _May_, but, as I have not had the _Caterpillar_ in the Spring, I cannot relate its Progression. The Fly may be taken in the Evenings, in Gardens, feeding on the Flowers; but I have not met with them very frequent.

See _Godartius_, Part 1. Tab. 56. _Lister_ on _Godartius_ P. 54. N. 44. _Albin_, Pl. 13. _Reaumur_, Pl. 8. P. 258. Pl. 14. P. 342. Vol. 1.

The Great Mogul Plum.

_Prunus fructu magno ovato rubente._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 1. S. _A._ 4.

The PEASE-BLOSSOM, a _Moth_. Its _Caterpillars_ are reported by _Merian_, and _Rosel_, to feed upon the wild Lark-Spur that grows amongst Corn. They are full fed at the Beginning of _August_, when they change to the _Chrysalis_, but appear not in the _Moth_ State till the _June_ following. This Fly has been bred in _England_ by the Honourable Mrs. _Walters_, and by _Nathaniel Oldham_, Esq; but, at present, is very rare.

See _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 40. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 12.

The Lark-Spur.

_Delphinium, hortense, flore majore & multiplici cœruleo._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. V. CL. 1. S. _A._ 5.

The SMALL GREEN OAK MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the Oak, and sometimes such Numbers of them are produced at the Beginning of _May_, that they, in a Manner, strip the Oak-trees of their Leaves. They are enabled, by the Help of a Spining, which they fasten after the Manner of the Spider, to let themselves down from one Bough to another, and from thence to the Ground, if they have a mind. They change into the _Chrysalis_ State in a curled Form within the Oak-leaves, (which they wrap over them, and fasten together by their Web) and, after remaining so for about fourteen Days, the Fly is bred. If you beat the Branches of the Oak-trees you may take Plenty of this _Moth_ in the Day-time.

The Yellow Strip’d Tulip.

_Tulipa hortensis flore luteo variegato._

L. 1. CH. 1. VI. CL. 1. S. _A._ 6.

The SMALL ERMINE MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ that produces this _Moth_ is as common as those just mentioned. I have seen a Hedge-row of White-thorn, at the End of _May_ and at the Beginning of _June_, the Leaves of which have been eaten almost up by these _Caterpillars_. They feed also on Black-thorn, Fruit-trees, _&c._ when they are preparing to change to _Chrysalis_, they get together in Numbers, and spin a large transparent Web, within which they fasten themselves by the Tail, and undergo their Change. They remain in this Condition for about three Weeks: The _Moths_ come forth in _June_ and _July_, and are very common about most Hedges.

See _Albin_, P. 70. _Reaumur_, Pl. 12. Pag. 208. Vol. 2.

The Orange-Peach, with its Blossom.

_Persica, dura carne buxea._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 1. VII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 7.

The BROOM-MOTH. The Food of this _Caterpillar_ is the Leaves of Broom, on which I found Plenty of them, from the 20th to the 30th of _September_, near _Shooter’s Hill_ in _Kent_; they were of the Bigness express’d in the Plate. The Green ones produced male Flies. They all went into the Earth at the Beginning of _October_, and, at the Beginning of _May_ following, the _Moths_ were bred. I never could take any of them in the Fly-state.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 52.

The Broom, in Flower and Seed.

_Genista angulosa Trifolia._ I. B. 1388.

L. 1. CH. 1. VIII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 8.

The SALLOW MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ was fed by Mr. _Dandridge_ on the common Sallow, until it changed to a _Chrysalis_ within the Earth, which was at the Beginning of _June_. The _Moth_ was produced about the Middle of _September_. These _Moths_ are not common; for, in all my Practice, I have not been able to take above three or four, and that was in the Evening, near _Shooter’s Hill_, in the Month of _September_. The _Caterpillars_ are likewise very scarce.

See _Albin_, Pl. 33.

Common Sallow in Flower.

_Salix Cutifolio rotundo._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 1. IX. CL. 1. S. _A._ 9.

The CODLING MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ says, The _Caterpillar_ of this _Moth_ feeds on the Kernels of Apples and Pears. The _Moth_ lays her Eggs at the End of _June_: Eight Days after the _Caterpillars_ are bred; and, when full fed, they go out of the Fruit and change to the _Chrysalis_ under the Bark of the Tree. They remain there all the Winter, and the _Moths_ are bred in _June_ following. I have, myself, found Plenty of these Flies sticking on the Bark of the Oak-trees, in _Richmond_ Park, at the End of _June_, in the Day-time.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 4. Tab. 13.

The Codling-tree with its Blossom.

_Pomum Coctile._ Raii Hist.

L. 1. CH. 1. X. CL. 1. S. _A._ 10.

The PROVENCE ROSE MOTH. Rose Leaves are the Food of this _Caterpillar_. In the Middle of _May_ I had some of them that changed to the _Chrysalis_ folded in the Leaves; at the Beginning of _June_ the _Moths_ were bred. They may be taken in Gardens in the Evening.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 4. Tab. 9.

The Moss Provence Rose.

_Rosa, Provincialis spinosissima, pedunculo muscoso._ Boerh. _Ind. alter._

L. 1. CH. 1. XI. CL. 1. S. _A._ 11.

The SCOLLOP-WINGED OAK MOTH. I took the _Caterpillar_ of this _Moth_, feeding on Oak-leaves, about the 10th of _June_, at which Time it went into the _Chrysalis_, spining itself up in a Leaf; and the _Moth_ was bred on the 7th Day of _July_. Both _Moth_ and _Caterpillar_ are very scarce.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 63.

The Yellow Rose.

_Rosa, Lutea, multiplex._ C. B. Pin. 4831.

L. 1. CH. 1. XII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 12.

The BLACK-THORN MOTH, or, _Figure of_ 8. The _Caterpillar_ is easily found, feeding on Black Thorn, White Thorn, Crab-tree, _&c._ towards the End of _May_, at which Time it spins a hard Case against its Food, and changes to a _Chrysalis_; the _Moth_ is bred about the End of _August_, and is not commonly taken.

See _Albin_, P. 13. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 16. _Reaumur_, Pl. 18. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

_The common Periwinkle._

_Pervinca vulgaris angustifolia, flore pleno saturate purpureo._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. XIII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 13.

The GREEN MOTH with SILVER LINES. I fed its _Caterpillar_ with Oak-leaves, on which it had been found. It work’d itself up in a dark brown Case on the Back-side of one of the Leaves, and changed into a _Chrysalis_ the 27th of _September_; the _Moth_ appeared the 20th of _May_ following, and is difficult to meet with.

See _Albin_, P. 31.

The Bruxells Apricock.

_Malus Armeniaca, Bruxells vulgo dicta._

L. 1. CH. 1. XIV. CL. 1. S. _A._ 14.

The RANUNCULUS MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ represented in this Plate were found feeding on the _Ranunculus_ Flower about the Middle of _June_, at which Time they were full fed, and soon changed to the _Chrysalis_ within a Spining or Web; and the _Moths_ came out at the Beginning of _September_. The _Caterpillar_ and _Moth_ are both very rare.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 53, 54.

The double Orange Ranunculus.

_Ranunculus hortensis, flore aurantio pleno._

L. 1. CH. 1. XV. CL. 1. S. _A._ 15.

The WATER-BETONY MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are sociable, and feed together. They may be found, towards the End of _May_, full fed, on the _Water-Betony_; as also on the _Mullein_, which is their proper Food. They go into the Earth about that Time, and change to the _Chrysalis_, within a Case composed of Earth and a webby Matter, which they spin together. The _Moth_ appears in _March_ following; but it is not commonly taken in its Fly-state.

See _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 168. N. 25. _Albin_, Pl. 13. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 22. _Reaumur_, Pl. 43. P. 602.

The Water-Betony; or Water-Figwort.

_Betonica Aquatica_, Ger. 579. _Scrophularia Aquatica major._ C. B. Pin. 235.

L. 1. CH. 1. XVI. CL. 1. S. _A._ 16.

The SMALL ELEPHANT MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ informs us, That the _Caterpillar_ is to be found on the Grass in Meadows, in the Month of _August_; but whether that be its favourite Food he does not know. It makes a Spining, and changes to a _Chrysalis_ towards the End of that Month. The _Moth_ is bred about the End of _May_.

In the Year 1743, on the 28th of _May_, I took several of these _Moths_, in the Evening (after Sun-set) as they were hovering about, and feeding on a Flower called _The Batchelors Button_, by the Side of _Osterly Wood_, near _Brentford_. They are very swift in flight, and therefore must be taken as soon as they approach the Flower. The Females layed their Eggs freely, and, after seven Days, the _Caterpillars_ were hatch’d, to the Number of about 300. I took the utmost Pains to raise them; but, for want of their proper Food, they all died.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 1. Tab. 5.

The Guelder-Rose.

_Opulus, Flore Globoso._ Tourn. _Inst._ 607.

L. 1. CH. 1. XVII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 17.

The GOLD-SPOT MOTH. The _Caterpillar_, whence this _Moth_ is produced, may be found about the End of _July_, full fed, in the Marshes about _Rotherhith_, _Vauxhall_, and such like Places. It feeds on the Leaves of the great Water-grass, _&c._ but the _Caterpillar_ is not so easily found as the Spining which it makes to contain its _Chrysalis_; for that spining, being of a whitish Colour, may be seen at a good Distance, in Shape and Manner as described in the Plate. It lies in the _Chrysalis_ State about three Weeks, and the _Moth_ is bred from the Middle to the End of _August_; but it is seldom taken in the Fly-state.

Purple Flowered Ketmia.

_Ketmia, Syrorum, Flore purpureo violaceo._ Tourn. _Inst._

L. 1. CH. 1. XVIII. CL. 1. S. _A._ 18.

The SWORD-GRASS MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ informs us, That the _Caterpillar_ of this Fly feeds on the _Orache_; that, in _June_, it changed to a _Chrysalis_ within the Earth, in which State it remained three Weeks, and then the _Moth_ was bred. I once took one of these _Caterpillars_, full grown, feeding on the _Sword-grass_ in the Marshes at _Rotherhith_; but that was in the Month of _August_, and the _Moth_ was bred with me at the End of _September_. Both _Caterpillar_ and _Moth_ are very scarce.

The Persian Iris.

_Xiphium Persicum, præcox, flore variegato._ Tourn.

SECT. _B_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ Horns _on their_ Tails.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _B._ 1.

The JESSAMINE-HAWK MOTH. This _Moth_ was bred in _England_ by Mr. _Dandridge_, who took the _Caterpillar_, at _Hampton-Court_, full fed, on the _Jessamine_, about the Middle of _July_; at which Time it went into the Ground, and changed to a _Chrysalis_, and the _Moth_ came forth at the End of _October_. This Gentleman had also five or six _Caterpillars_, of the same Kind, brought to him, that were taken upon an Elder-tree in _Goodman’s Fields_, which likewise changed to _Chrysalis_ in the Ground in _July_; and the _Moths_ were also bred in _October_: From whence I conclude that to be the Time when the Fly is usually bred.

See _Albin_, P. 6. _Reaumur_, Pl. 14. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

The Jessamine in Flower.

_Jasminum vulgatius flore albo._ C. B. Pin. 397.

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 1. S. _B._ 2.

The UNICORN, or BINDWEED-HAWK MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ reports this _Caterpillar_ to feed in Corn-fields, on the Green-leaves of the Corn. At the End of _July_ it was full fed, and went into the Earth in order to change to its _Chrysalis_ State; and the _Moth_ was bred in _June_ following. _Merian_’s Account of this Fly is, That the _Caterpillar_ feeds on the Roots of the _Lesser Purple-Bindweed_, which grows amongst Corn; that it went into the Ground, and changed to a _Chrysalis_ at the End of _July_, and that the _Moth_ was bred in _September_.

I have not yet had the good Fortune to meet with this _Caterpillar_, but have seen several of the _Moths_ that have been bred and taken in _England_. The Dung of this _Caterpillar_ is of a very extraordinary Size and Figure; as well as some others that are expressed in the Plates.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 1. Tab. 7. _Merian_, Chap. 25. _Reaumur_, Pl. 24. Pag. 322. Vol. 2.

The Small Bindweed.

_Convolvulus minor vulgaris_. Park. 171.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 1. S. _B._ 3.

The PRIVET-HAWK MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ feed on _Privet_, _Lilac_, _Holly_, _&c._ and are to be found in Nurseries and Gardens. Look on the Ground under such Trees; and if you discover any of their Dung, that will direct you to the _Caterpillars_ on the Trees above. They go into the Ground, and change to the _Chrysalis_ State in _August_ and the _Moth_ appears in _June_ following. ’Tis not very common to take the _Moth_ in the Fly-state.

See _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 144. N. 1. _Moufet_. P. 91. N. 5. P. 182. Ch. 2. _Albin_, Pl. 7 _Reaumur_, Pl. 20. P. 282. Vol. 2.

The Evergreen-Privet in Flower.

_Ligustrum; foliis majoribus, & magis acuminatis, toto anno folio retinens._

Pluk. Alm.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 1. S. _B._ 4.

The OLIVE-SHADES, or LIME-HAWK MOTH. This _Caterpillar_ is to be got by beating the Boughs of the _Lime_ and _Elm_ Trees, in the Month of _August_; at which Time it goes into the Earth, and there changes to a _Chrysalis_, and the _Moth_ is bred in _May_. By looking carefully about the Bodies of _Lime_ and _Elm_ Trees, in _May_, these and other _Moths_ may be found: For, if the Flies are bred in the Morning, or any Part of the Day, they never offer to fly till Night. You may likewise get these _Moths_, and many other Sorts, in the _Chrysalis_ State, by digging with a Trowel about the Roots of the Trees the _Caterpillars_ feed on; and the best Time to dig for the Hawk Kind is the Month of _April_. This Fly is seldom taken on the Wing.

See _Merian_, Vol. 2. Ch. 24. _Albin_, Pl. 10. _Rosel_, Cl. 1. Tab. 11.

The small leaved Lime-tree in Flower.

_Tilia fœmina, Folio minore._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 1. V. CL. 1. S. _B._ 5.

The EYED WILLOW-HAWK MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are to be found on the Willows that grow about the _Chelsea_ Water-works, and in most such like Places. At the End of _August_, I have also found them in Gardens feeding on the Leaves of Apple-trees. They put on the _Chrysalis_ Form within the Earth in _September_, and the _Moths_ are produced in _May_. The _Chrysalis_ and _Moth_ may be got at the same Time as directed for the Lime-Hawk.

See _Lister’s Godart_. N. 24. _Merian_. Vol. 2. Ch. 37. _Raii_. P. 148. N. 2. _Moufet_. P. 91. N. 6. _Albin_, Pl. 8.

The Crack Willow.

_Salix, folio longo, latoque, splendente, Fragilis._ Raii. Syn.

L. 1. CH. 1. VI. CL. 1. S. _B._ 6.

The POPLAR HAWK MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ of this _Moth_ feeds on the Leaves of the _Poplar_ Tree, as also on the _Willow_, and is to be found at the same Times and Places as the _Willow-Hawk Caterpillar_. It becomes a _Chrysalis_ in the Ground in _September_, and the _Moth_ appears in _May_. It is to be found in the _Chrysalis_ and Fly-state as the before mentioned. All the Hawk-tribe fly very swiftly, and I am inclined to believe feed in wet marshy Places, by reason I have never taken them on the Wing in Places where I have always met with Plenty of other Moths.

See _Albin_, Pl. 57.

The Black Poplar-tree.

_Populus nigra, minoribus foliis._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 1. VII. CL. 1. S. _B._ 7.

The LADIES BEDSTRAW, or ELEPHANT MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are to be found in the Ditches in _Rotherhith_ Marshes, and also by the _New River_ Side, near _Hornsey_. They feed on the _White Ladies Bedstraw_, and are full grown at the End of _July_; at which Time they usually go into the _Chrysalis_ State, by making a light Spining amongst their Food, where they remain till the End of the following _May_: At which Time the _Moth_ is bred; but very seldom taken in the Fly-state. Mr. _Albin_ has mentioned something very remarkable of this _Caterpillar_, _viz._ its Dexterity in Swiming: For, feeding commonly in or near the Water, if at any time it happens to fall in, it turns itself on its Back, and swims, with its Head and Tail turned together, till it gets hold on some Part of the Plant, by which it helps itself up again. It lies in the Egg-state about nine Days.

See _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 145. N. 2. _Albin_, Pl. 9.

The White Ladies Bedstraw.

_Gallium Album._ Ger. 967.

SECT. _C_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ one Protuberance _on the_ Rump, _with_ indented
Markings.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _C._ 1.

EALING’S GLORY, a MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Black Thorn_, _White Thorn_, _Crab-tree_, _&c._ becomes a _Chrysalis_ in the Earth in _May_, and the _Moth_ appears in _September_. _Charles Lockyer_, Esq; has bred great Numbers of this _Moth_ at his House at _Ealing_; but I have heard of no body else who has met with them in any Plenty.

See _Albin_, Pl. 14. _Rosel_, Cl. 11. Tab. 33.

The Black Thorn.

_Prunus Sylvestris._

SECT. _D_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ two _or more_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _D._ 1.

The OZIER, or PEBBLE MOTH. Mr. _Dandridge_ found the _Caterpillar_ feeding on the _Dutch Willow_, in the Marshes near _Rotherhith_, about the Middle of _July_; it changed to a _Chrysalis_ within the Leaves spun together; and at the Beginning of _August_ came forth the _Moth_. This fly is very scarce.

See _Albin_, Pl. 14. _Lister’s Godart._ N. 21. _Rosel_, Cl. 11. Tab. 20. _Reaumur_, Pl. 22. P. 282. Vol. 2.

The Ozier.

_Salix, vulgaris, alba, arborescens._ C. B. Pin.

SECT. _E_.

CATERPILLARS _whose_ Shoulders _rise into an_ angular Figure, _having
no_ Holders _behind_.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 1. S. _E._ 1.

The PUSS-MOTH. Though the _Caterpillar_ of this Fly seems most fond of the _Willow_, it is often found on the _Abele_, or _Poplar_ Tree. It has a Power of stretching out, and putting back its Head, at Pleasure; which it seems to do as it thinks itself more or less in Danger. It is armed with two Tubes at the End of the Tail, and two others within those, of a Blood red Colour, which it nimbly, if touched by any Thing, darts out: The Use of these is (as I apprehend) to prevent the _Ichneumon_ Flies from settling on them; but, notwithstanding those Flies are often able to remain long enough to leave their Eggs behind: In such Case, the _Moth_ is not produced, but, instead thereof, the _Ichneumon_ pictured in the Plate. Such _Caterpillars_ as the _Ichneumons_ have not fixed their Eggs on, usually go into the _Chrysalis_ State at the Beginning of _August_, on the Body of the Tree, and generally near the Ground, the _Caterpillar_ gnawing the Wood into a Kind of Sawdust; which, mixing with a glutenous Matter, or Cement, that comes from its Mouth, makes a hard Case, in which the _Chrysalis_ is formed, on the outside of the Tree; the _Moth_ appears the _May_ following. These _Moths_ are seldom taken in the Fly-state; but may easily be obtained by breeding the _Caterpillars_, which may be found at the same Time, and in the same Places, where you take those that produce the _Willow_ and _Poplar Hawks_.

_Figure_ 2. in the same Plate, represents a _Moth_ called the KITTEN. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Black Thorn_, _Willow_, _&c._ becomes a _Chrysalis_ at the Beginning of _August_, and the _Moth_ is bred in _May_. The _Caterpillar_ and Fly are rarely to be met with.

See _Lister’s Godart_. N. 20. _Moufet_ P. 183. _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 153. _Albin_, Pl. 11. _Rosel_, Cl. 11. Tab. 19. _Reaumur_, Pl. 21. Pag. 282. Vol. 2.

The Willow.

_Salix._

L. 1 CH. 1. III. CL. 1. S. _E._ 3.

The WILD ROSE-MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the _Sweet Briar_ sometimes, but most commonly on the _Oak_; changes to a _Chrysalis_ (within the Leaves of such Trees fastened together by a Spining) at the End of _September_, and the _Moth_ is bred in the Middle of _May_. The _Caterpillar_ and Fly are both scarce.

See _Albin_, P. 65. _Reaumur_, Pl. 22. Pag. 282. Vol. 2.

The Wild Rose, or Sweet Briar.

_Rosa sylvestris_; _foliis odoratis_. C. B. Pin.

CLASS II.

CATERPILLARS _having little_ HAIR.

SECT. _a._

_Without_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 2. S. _a._ 1

THE GOAT-MOTH. The most likely Means of obtaining the _Caterpillars_ is, to separate the Bark of some old _Willow_ from the Body of the Tree by a Chissel. Thus probably you may discover some of them: Put them into an earthen Jar, and feed them with _Willow_ Wood, which Food they seem most fond of; but cover the Jar least they creep away. Do not keep them in a Box, or any Thing made of Wood, least they eat their Way through it and be lost. These _Caterpillars_ are full fed about the Middle of _May_, at which Time they gnaw the Wood into a Kind of Sawdust, which, being mixed with a glutenous Matter from their Mouths, makes a Case wherein they change to the _Chrysalis_. They lye in that State for about six Weeks; after which the _Moths_ appear, and may be found on the Bodies of _Willow_ Trees. This _Chrysalis_, by the Help of strong, short Saw like Teeth round Part of each Joint, and pointing towards the Tail, is enabled to force its Fore Part through the Body of the Tree, (as is expressed in the Plate), near which you’ll find the _Moth_, if you chance to look that Day it is bred. They are reported to be three Years proceeding from the Egg to the Fly; but this I have not myself experienced.

See _Lister_ on _Godart_. P. 49. N. 39. _Albin_, Pl. 35. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 18. _Reaumur_, Pl. 17. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

The Willow-tree.

_Salix._

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 2. S. _a._ 2.

THE EMPEROR-MOTH. The best Way to be furnished with this fine _Moth_ is, to breed it from the _Caterpillar_, which may be found in its infant State during the Month of _May_; but it is most adviseable to seek for them before the 20th. The _Caterpillars_, when newly hatch’d, are sociable, and keep together for about three Weeks, after which Time they separate and are difficult to be found. The most certain Food to take them on is the _Black Thorn_, and of that such as is not of above two or three Years Growth. They are usually found on Twigs about one or two Feet from the Ground, and (as I have observed) herd in Clusters together, when they are in their first, second and third Skins.—On the 12th of _May_ 1745, I had about sixty _Caterpillars_ hatched from such Sort of Eggs as are expressed round the _Black Thorn_ in the Plate: On the 19th they appeared in their second Skin; on the 25th, in their third; on the 18th of _June_, in their fourth, and, on the 22d, in their fifth. The _Caterpillars_ grew so much in this Skin in four Days, that they were three Times as big as when full fed in their fourth Skin. On _June_ the 30th, they shifted into their sixth and last Skin; in which Skin (as well as in the former Skins) such as appear most Green are the female _Caterpillars_. On the 12th of _July_ some of them began to spin Cases, in order for their Change into the _Chrysalis_ State; and, on the 26th, the whole threescore had spun themselves up. Thus they remained throughout the Winter, and, from the 16th to the 30th of _April_ following, I had forty of the _Moths_ bred; but the Rest of the _Aurelias_ did not produce their _Moths_ till the Year following: So that about twenty of my Number were in the _Chrysalis_ State near two Years; and yet produced _Moths_ at last that were equally beautiful and large. The Female lays from 250 to 300 Eggs, in such Manner as is represented in the Plate, and these she hides in three or four different Places for the more certain Security of some of them.

The Case which contains the _Chrysalis_ is well worthy Notice, being composed of a glutenous Matter fit to resist all Kinds of Weather; and, for its greater Security, that Part which I call the Mouth is doubly guarded: So that, if any Insect should chance to force the first Fence, it will there meet with a second Resistance, and that of so strong a Nature, from its particular make, that I am apt to believe few, if any, can ever enter; and thus the _Chrysalis_ is preserved in the most secure and wonderful Manner, as will be better understood by attending to the Figure represented in the Plate. The _Moth_ is very seldom taken in the Fly State.

The Black Thorn.

_Prunus Sylvestris._ Ger.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 2. S. _a._ 3.

This Plate represents the _Male_ and _Female_ of the EMPEROR-MOTH, of which I have already given an Account.

See _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 23. _Albin_, Pl. 25. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 4, 5. _Reaumur_, Pl. 49 and 50. Pag. 554. Vol. 1.

The White Fruit-bramble.

_Rubus vulgaris major, fructu albo._ Raii. Syn.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 2. S. _a._ 4.

THE PLUMB-TREE MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds in Gardens on various Fruit-trees: It changes to a _Chrysalis_ about the End of _May_, within Leaves spun together, and lies in that State till the Middle of _June_, when the _Moth_ appears.

See _Albin_, Pl. 36.

The red Roman Nectarine.

_Nucipersica Romana rubra._

SECT. _b._

CATERPILLARS, hairy, _with_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 2. S. _b._ 1.

THE WILLOW RED-UNDERWING MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Willow_; changes to a _Chrysalis_, betwixt the Bark and Body of the _Willow_ Tree, about the Middle of _June_. The _Moth_ is bred in the Middle of _July_, and may be found at that Time on the Barks of _Willows_, and other Trees, as also against Walls, Houses, Barns, _&c._ If the Weather proves very hot, the _Moth_ will fly in the Day-time. The _Caterpillar_ is rarely found.

See _Albin_, P. 80. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 15.

The weeping Willow.

_Salix orientalis, flagellis deorsum pulchre pendentibus._
Tourn. Cor.

CLASS III.

CATERPILLARS _having much_ HAIR.

SECT. _A._

_Without_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. _A._ 1.

THE GREAT TYGER MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are hatch’d from the Egg in _August_, and feed in their infant State on _Nettles_, _Lettice_, _&c._ till the End of _October_; when, if the Weather be cold and bad, they find themselves a Residence for the Winter in Holes and private Recesses, where they continue till the _March_ or _April_ following, as the Spring is more or less forward. At their coming out of their Holes they feed on the young _Nettles_, _Chickweed_, _&c._ that grows in dry Ditches and Gardens; and, when they are in their last Skin, which is usually at the End of _May_, they may easily be found in the Places already mentioned. At the Beginning of _June_ they spin a Bag, and within that change to the _Chrysalis_, in which State they lye for one Month, after which the _Moths_ come abroad and are very common. I have observed, that most of the _hairy Caterpillars_ live throughout the Winter, after the Manner above mentioned.

See _Lister’s Godart_. N. 99. _Moufet_. 15. P. 93. _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 151. N. 3 and P. 152. N. 7. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 5. _Albin_. Pl. 20. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 1. _Reaumur_, P. 534. Vol. 1.

The Hatfield Plumb.

_Prunus, fructu magno crasso subacido._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 3. S. _A._ 1.

THE CREAM-SPOT TYGER MOTH. _Chickweed_, _Nettles_, _Lettice_, _&c._ are the Food of this _Caterpillar_, which is to be found on such Growths in dry Ditches, in Woods, _&c._ at the End of _April_. It lives all Winter as the last mentioned, and changes to a _Chrysalis_, within a Spinning, at the Beginning of _May_. The _Moth_ is bred about three Weeks after; flies in the Day-time, and is very common.

See _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 6. _Albin_, Pl. 21. _Reaumur_, Pl. 31. Pag. 534. Vol. 1.

Chickweed.

_Alfine media._ C. B. 250.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 3. S. _A._ 3.

The SCARLET TYGER MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ lives all Winter, and is to be taken feeding on the _Hounds-Tongue_, _Nettles_, and _White Archangel_, at the End of _April_. If you look for them from _Charlton-Church_, in _Kent_, down to the Road that leads to _Woolwich_, there you will find them in Plenty. They make a Spinning in _May_ amongst the dead Leaves on the Ground, and there change to the _Chrysalis_. The _Moths_ come forth in _June_ and fly by Day.

See _Merian_, Vol. 2. Ch. 8. _Albin_, Pl. 22.

The Hounds Tongue in Flower.

_Cynoglossum majus, vulgare._ C. B. 257.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 3. S. _A._ 4.

The BLACK ARCHES, a MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ of this _Fly_ remains in Egg all Winter, and hatching about the Middle of _April_, feeds on the Leaves of the _Oak_, _Apple_ Trees, _&c._ A _Caterpillar_ brought up by Mr. _Cabrier_ came to its full Growth near the Middle of _June_; at which Time it fastened itself, in the Corner of the Box, by a few small Threads: The 14th it changed to a _Chrysalis_, and the _Moth_ appeared the 4th of _July_. The _Caterpillar_ was fed, in its infant State, with _Lettice_, there being no _Oak_ Leaves at that Time. This _Moth_ is to be found sticking on the Barks of the _Oak_ Trees in _Richmond_, _Bushey_, and other Parks, in _July_; but is not common.

See _Merian_, Vol. 2. Ch. 22.

The Apple Tree in Blossom.

_Malus._

L. 1. CH. 1. V. CL. 3. S. _A._ 5.

The GREAT ERMINE MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ feeds on most Kinds of Plants and Flowers; turns to a _Chrysalis_, within a Web on the Ground, in _September_: The _Moth_ is bred in the _May_ following, and may be found sticking on the Barks of Trees, on Pales, Walls, _&c._

The small Garden Sun-Flower.

_Corona Solis, perennis & vulgaris._ Vaill.

L. 1. CH. 1. VI. CL. 3. S. _A._ 6.

The SPOTTED BUFF-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ of this _Moth_ are very mischievous in Gardens, feeding on most Kind of Herbage; but may easily be shaken off the Plants and killed. They change to the _Chrysalis_ within a Web on the Ground, and sometimes within the Ground, in _September_, and the _Moths_ came out in _May_. Their Eggs are of a light green Colour; and the _Caterpillars_, when first hatch’d, which is about the Middle of _June_, are white and hairy. The _Moth_ is frequently taken sticking on Houses, Walls, Pales, _&c._

Arsmart.

_Persicaria maculosa._ Ger. 361.

L. 1. CH. 1. VII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 7.

The GIPSEY MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are very destructive to all Fruit-trees, on which they are found in Swarms envelop’d with a Web like that of the Spider. In the Day-time they disperse themselves over the whole Tree, but at Night come together again, and retire to their Web. They put on the _Chrysalis_, form within a Spinning, at the Beginning of _July_, and the _Moth_ is bred about fourteen Days after. Their Eggs are covered with a yellowish Down, whereby they are preserved from Cold throughout the Winter. This _Moth_ is very common in _Germany_, and was produced from a Nest of Eggs that were sent to Mr. _Peter Collinson_, who gave them to _Charles Lockyer_, Esq; He bred _Moths_ from them as above mentioned; and, having turned Numbers of them wild (as I have been informed) about _Ealing_ near _Brentford_, in _Middlesex_, they are to be found there, but not any where else that I have yet heard of.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 3. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 18.

The Crab-tree.

_Malus sylvestris._ Ger. 1276.

L. 1. CH. 1. VIII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 8.

The BUFF-TIP MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the _Willow_ and _Oak_, and may be easily found amongst the _Willows_ growing about _Chelsea_, and in such like Places. They may be taken full fed towards the End of _August_; at which Time Numbers of them go into the Earth, and there Change to the _Chrysalis_, and the _Moths_ appear in the following _May_. It is not a very common Thing to take this _Moth_ flying.

See _Lister’s Godart_, N. 95. _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 162. N. 14. _Albin_, Pl. 23. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 14.

The Yellow Dwarf-Willow.

_Salix folio longo subluteo, non auriculata, viminibus luteis._ Raii.
Syn.

L. 1. CH. 1. IX. CL. 3. S. _A._ 9.

The WHITE-SATIN MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ feeds on the _White Poplar_, as also on _Willow_; changes to a _hairy Chrysalis_, within the Leaves spun together, in _June_; lies in that State about twenty Days, and then the _Moth_ flies abroad. You may take these Flies by shaking the Boughs of the Trees they feed on. Their Eggs, when first laid, are of a pale green Colour, which they cover with a Substance looking like Leaf-silver. They continue about one Month in the Egg-state, and the _Caterpillars_ live all Winter.

See _Lister_ on _Godart_. P. 84. N. 87. _Rosel_, Cl. 2, Tab. 9. _Reaumur_, Pl. 34. Pag. 534. Vol. 1.

The White Poplar-Tree.

_Populus alba majoribus foliis._ C. B.

L. 1. CH. 1. X. CL. 3. S. _A._ 10.

The LACKEY-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are very common, and feed on most Kind of Herbage, especially _Black Thorn_, _White Thorn_, _&c._ about the Middle of _June_ they change to the _Chrysalis_ within a Case, which they spin, and cover with a fine Dust of the Colour of Brimstone. In this State they remain for about one Month; then the _Moth_ appears, and lays her Eggs, in a spiral Order, round the young Twigs of such Trees as are proper Food for the infant _Caterpillars_. They hatch in the Spring, and keep together in a Web while young. As these _Caterpillars_ are destructive in Gardens to Fruit-trees, _&c._ its adviseable to destroy them.

See _Godartius_, P. 1. Tab. 10. _Albin_, Pl. 19. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 6. _Reaumur_, Vol. 2. Pl. 4. Pag. 120.

_Figure_ 1. Tway Blade. 2. The Crane’s Bill. 3. The Yellow-Vetchling.

1. _Bifolium, vulg._ C. B. 2. _Geranium Robertianum._ 3. _Lathyrus
luteus sylvestris dumetorum._ 1. B. II. 304.

L. 1. CH. 1. XI. CL. 3. S. _A._ 11.

The GREAT EGGER-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ of this _Moth_ are to be found, full grown, towards the End of _May_, feeding on _Black Thorn_ and _White Thorn_. At the Beginning of _June_, they spin a brown Case, in the Shape of an Egg, in which the _Chrysalis_ is formed: They remain in that State for about one Month; then the _Moth_ is produced. The Males fly swiftly in the Day-time, from 12 o’Clock to 5 in the Afternoon. The Eggs are of an oval Shape, and usually hatch at the latter End of _July_. When the _Caterpillars_ are young, you may feed them with _Black Thorn_, or _White Thorn_, and, during the Winter, with _Bramble_, _Holly_, _Privet_, _&c._ When you breed any female _Egger-Moths_, take one of them and put it in a Box (covered with a Piece of Crape, to prevent its getting away), carry the Box with you to the Sides of Woods and green Lanes; and, if the Day be fair, and the Sun shines bright, put it upon the Ground: And, if there is a Breed of these _Moths_ near, the Males will come and endeavour to get at the Female. By this means I have taken with my Net near twenty in an Hour. This Method of taking Flies is called _Simbling_; and many other Kinds of _Moths_ are to be catched the same Way.

See _Godart_. P. 1. Tab. 7. _Lister’s Godart_. N. 88. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 10. _Moufet_, P. 92 N. 9. _Raii_’s Hist. Insect. P. 142. N. 2. _Albin_, Pl. 18. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 35. a. _Reamur_, Pl. 35. Pag. 534. Vol. 1.

The White Thorn in Flower.

_Mespilus sylvestris, seu Oxyacantha._

L. 1. CH. 1. XII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 12.

The GRASS EGGER-MOTH. I took the _Caterpillars_ of this _Moth_ feeding on _Clover_ amongst _Grass_. They make a Spinning and Case, on the Surface of the Earth, about the Middle of _June_, and therein turn to a _Chrysalis_. The _Moth_ flies in the Middle of _August_; but is not commonly met with.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 35. b.

The double flowering Cherry, and Grass.

_Cerasus hortensis, flore roseo._ C. B. Pin. 450.

L. 1. CH. 1. XIII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 13.

The DECEMBER MOTH. Mr. _Dandridge_ took some of its _Caterpillars_, at the Beginning of _June_, on the _Hasle_; but, observing they eat but little, gave them fresh Boughs that were wet with Rain, on which they fed greedily. The next Day he gave them Water and Honey mixt together, of which they drank a good Quantity, and fell to eating again very heartily. In this Manner he fed them every Day, and sometimes twice a Day, till the Middle of the same Month, when they went into the Earth and changed into _Chrysalis_. The _Moths_ came out at the End of _December_. I took this Year (1748) two of these _Caterpillars_ on the Leaves of an _Oak_, wherewith I fed them till the Middle of _June_, when they spun a dirty coloured Case which contained the _Chrysalis_; and the _Moths_ were bred on the 24th _October_.

See _Albin_, P. 85. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 60.

The Nut-tree.

_Corylus, Sativa, fructu anguloso._ C. B. 418.

L. 1. CH. 1. XIV. CL. 3. S. _A._ 14.

The SPOTTED RED and WHITE UNDERWING MOTH. I found and fed the _Caterpillar_ on _Black Thorn_: It made a Spinning, and changed to _Chrysalis_ in the Middle of _April_, and the _Moth_ came abroad about the Middle of _May_. The _Caterpillar_ lives all Winter, and the _Moth_ is rarely to be met with.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 43.

_Figure_ 1. The Black Thorn. 2. The Columbine. 3. The Ranunculus. 4.
The White Bells.

1. _Prunus sylvestris._ C. B. 2. _Aquilegia vulgaris simplex._ C. B.
3. _Ranunculus._ 4. _Hyacinthus, flore albo._ C. B.

L. 1. CH. 1. XV. CL. 3. S. _A._ 15.

The WOOD TYGER MOTH. This _Moth_ I first discovered in _Cain Wood_. The _Caterpillar_ lives all Winter, feeds on _Chickweed_, _Lettice_, the _Lesser Plantain_, _&c._ and is full grown about the Middle of _April_, when it changes to the _Chrysalis_ within a Spinning: The _Moth_ is bred in the Middle of _May_, flies by Day, and may be taken in _Cain_ or _Tottenham_ Woods; an Afternoon is the best Time.

The Vredenriek Hyacinth, and Lesser Plantain.

_Hyacinthus Belgicus Vredenriek dictus. Plantago minor._ I. B.

L. 1. CH. 1. XVI. CL. 3. S. _A._ 16.

The MOTHER of PEARL MOTH. _Nettles_ are the Food of the _Caterpillar_, within the Leaves of which (folded together) it lives, and feeds till the Beginning of _June_; when it puts on the _Chrysalis_ Form wrapt up within a Leaf, whose Edges are fastened by a Spinning: Fourteen Days after the _Moth_ appears, and may be taken, very commonly, in an Evening, amongst _Nettles_.

See _Albin_, P. 73. _Rosel_, Cl. 4. Tab. 4.

The Cherry-Plumb.

_Prunus, fructu majori, rotundo, rubro._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. XVII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 17.

The YELLOW JULY OAK-MOTH. The Food of the _Caterpillar_ is the Leaves of the _Oak_ Tree, on which it feeds till the Middle of _June_; then it changes to a _Chrysalis_ in some Chink or other that it meets with in the Bark of the said Tree, over which Chink or Hole the _Caterpillar_ spins a strong Web, which prevents any Bird or Insect from getting at it in its _Chrysalis_ State. The _Moth_ is bred in the Middle of _July_, and may, now and then, be found on the Barks of the _Oak_ Trees in _Richmond_ and other Parks, about that Time; but it is not a common Fly.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 17.

The May-cherry.

_Cerasus, majalis, fructu duro subdulci._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 1. XVIII. CL. 3. S. _A._ 18.

The SMALL EGGER-MOTH. _Black_ and _White Thorn_ are the Food of the _Caterpillars_, which are always found in Colonies; the whole Nest of them feeding together till they are ready to change. When they are first hatch’d from the Egg, they spin a Web to shelter themselves from the Weather; and, as they grow, enlarge it with several Divisions. They seldom go from the Plant they are first hatched on, till they have eaten it quite bare and want Food. They ordinarily spin a Thread from their main Web to guide them Home again; this is very particular, and seems necessary to them. About the Beginning of _July_ you may find them full fed; then they spin a Web, within which a Case is formed, shaped like an Egg, which contains the _Chrysalis_: In this State they remain all Winter, and the _Moths_ are bred in _March_. It is adviseable, if you feed the _Caterpillars_, to take the whole Nest with the Web. I have seldom taken the _Moths_.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 62. _Albin_, P. 19.

The Almond Tree, Blossom and Fruit.

_Amygdalus sativa fructu majore._ C. B. Pin. 441.

L. 1. CH. 1. XIX. CL. 3. S. _A._ 19.

The FOX COLOURED MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ is hatch’d in _July_, lives all Winter, and feeds on _Grass_, _Brambles_, _&c._ I have seen them in _September_ as large as they are in the Middle of _April_, which is the Time they go to _Chrysalis_, within a Spinning or Web. The _Moth_ is bred in the Middle of _May_, and the Cock flies swiftly in an Afternoon; but may be taken in a Net, by the Sides of Woods and green Lanes.

See _Albin_, P. 81.

The Blackberry Fruit.

_Rubus, fructu nigro._

SECT. 2 _A_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ Rings _of_ different Colours _surrounding them_.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. 2 _A._ 1.

The CINNABAR-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ of this Fly are sociable and feed together in Numbers on the _Ragwort_; in _July_ they are full grown, and then some go into the Earth, and others spin on the Surface of the Ground, in order to their Change into the _Chrysalis_ State. The _Moths_ are produced in the _May_ following, and are common in Fields and Gardens.

See _Lister_ on _Godart_. P. 61. N. 54. _Albin_, Pl. 34. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 48. _Reaumur_, Pl. 16. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

The Ragwort, in Flower.

_Jacobea, vulgaris._ J. B. H. 1057.

SECT. 3 _A_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ indented Markings.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. 3 _A._ 1.

The BRAMBLE MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ is to be found feeding on the _Bramble_, on the _Oak_, _&c._ at the Beginning of _September_; and, towards the Middle of the same Month, it changes to a _Chrysalis_, mixing its Hairs with the Bag it spins: The _Moth_ comes forth the _May_ following, and is not very common.

The Orange Apricock.

_Malus Armeniaca, fructu aurantio._

SECT. _b_.

CATERPILLARS _having_ hairy, _or_ fleshy Protuberances, _on the_
Head, Back, _or_ Tail.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. _b._ 1.

The LAPPIT-MOTH. The Eggs of this _Moth_ are laid about the Middle of _July_, and remain in that State fourteen Days. I fed the _Caterpillars_, when first hatch’d, with _Black Thorn_, and continued giving them the same Food till _October_; at which Time they were in their fourth Skin, and appeared as represented at Letter _a_; They there stretched themselves at full Length on the Twigs, and remained so till the _April_ following, without eating any thing that I could perceive, notwithstanding at different Times I put in fresh green Food to try them. About the End of _May_ the _Caterpillars_ are full grown, in which Condition _b_ represents the Female; they then make a Spinning, within which the _Chrysalis_ is formed, and remains in that State for one Month, when the _Moth_ is bred; though it is rarely met with in the Fly-state. The _Caterpillars_ are to be found, at the End of _May_, sticking close to the Boughs of the _Black Thorn_, _Bramble_, _&c._ You must look for them about a Foot or two from the Ground; but, as their Colour nearly resembles the Bark of their Food, it is very difficult to see them.

See _Albin_, Pl. 16. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 41. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 17. _Reaumur_, Pl. 23. Pag. 322. Vol. 2.

The Privet leaved Phylerea.

_Phyllyrea, Ligustri folio._ C. B.

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 3. S. _b._ 2.

The DRINKER-MOTH. Its Eggs are usually laid about the Middle of _July_; in about fourteen Days the _Caterpillars_ come out: They feed in the Winter-season on long _Grass_, _&c._ and change to _Chrysalis_ at the End of _May_ (within such a Case as is expressed in the Plate) at which Time they are easily found upon the Grass, by the Sides of Fields and Hedges. The _Moths_ are bred at the End of _June_, and may be taken flying in an Evening, in green Lanes and by the Sides of Woods.

See _Lister’s Godart_. N. 82. _Albin_, Pl. 17. _Raii_ Hist. Insect. P. 142. N. 3. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 2.

_Figure_ 1. The Yellow Vetchling. 2. Bistort. 3. The White Darnel
Grass. 4. The Wood-Pease.

1. _Lathyrus sylvestris, dumetorum, flore luteo._ C. B. 2. _Bistorta
major._ I. B. 3. _Gramen loliaceum spica longiori._ C. B. 4.
_Astragalus sylvaticus._ Ger. Emac.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 3. S. _b._ 3.

The YELLOW-TAIL MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Elder_, _Oak_, _Black Thorn_, _&c._ upon all which Growths you may find them at the End of _May_. It changes to a _Chrysalis_, within a Spinning, at the Beginning of _June_, and the _Moth_ comes forth at the End of the same Month. They may be found sticking against the Barks of the Trees in Parks, and other Places, and also flying in the Evening. They lay Eggs of a pale Colour, and cover them with a woolly Substance. The _Caterpillars_ are hatch’d in _August_, and will feed on _Black Thorn_ till the End of _October_; at which Time they spin themselves little Cases, and remain in them till the Spring following.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 21. _Reaumur_, Pl. 16. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

The Alder-Tree.

_Alnus, rotundifolia, glutinosa, viridis._ C. B.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 3. S. _b._ 4.

The DAGGER MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Rose_ Trees, Fruit-trees, and Shrubs; becomes a _Chrysalis_ within the Earth in _October_, and in _May_ following the _Moth_ appears, and may be found sticking against Pales, Walls, Trees, _&c._ Their Eggs are very small, and of a fine green Colour, and the _Caterpillars_ are common in Gardens and other Places. It is observed, that the Protuberance on the Back of the _Caterpillar_ is of a fleshy Substance, with Hair growing out of it.

See _Albin_, P. 86. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 7. _Reaumur_, Pl. 42. Pag. 602.

The most double Sweet Briar Rose.

_Rosa sylvestris, sive Eglanteria, flore pleno._

L. 1. CH. 1. V. CL. 3. S. _b._ 5.

The WILD PINE-TREE LAPPIT-MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ informs us, That the _Caterpillars_ of this curious Fly feed on the _Pinus sylvestris_, or WILD PINE: That they are full fed in the Month of _June_, at which Time they change to _Chrysalis_, within such a Spinning as is represented in the Plate; and, after lying in that State three Weeks the _Moths_ appear.

About the Middle of _September_, 1748, I took one of these _Caterpillars_ upon a _White Thorn_ Bush, near _Richmond_ Park; which is still alive this 20th Day of _January_ 1748-9, though it has eat nothing, that I know of, since it has been in my Custody. It remains stretched out, in the Manner of the _Lappit-Caterpillar_ represented at the Letter _a_ of the first Plate of this Section; and I do not think it will begin to feed until there are Buds of _Black_ or _White Thorn_ to give it. This is the only _Caterpillar_ of the Kind that I have known taken in _England_.—For the Drawings exhibited in my Plate, I am obliged to Mr. _Rosel_.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 59.

The Wild Pine-Tree.

_Pinus sylvestris._ C. B. Pin.

SECT. _c_.

CATERPILLARS, _having many_ Tufts _of_ Hair, _producing_
TUSSOCK-MOTHS.

L. 1. CH. 1. I. CL. 3. S. _c._ 1.

The BLACK TUSSOCK-MOTH. This _Moth_ is bred about the Middle of _June_; at which Time it lays Eggs of a light grey Colour, inclosed within a woolly Substance; and thus they continue for about one Month. When the infant _Caterpillars_ appear, they feed on _Black Thorn_, _White Thorn_, _Bramble_, _&c._ They live all the Winter in the _Caterpillar_ State, and change to a _hairy Chrysalis_, within a Spinning, about the Middle of _May_. The _Caterpillars_ may be found, full fed, on _Black Thorn_ that grows by the Sides of Woods and Hedges; as for the _Moth_, it is not commonly taken in the Fly-state.

See _Albin_, Pl. 26. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 37.

The White double Garden-Rose.

_Rosa Alba hortensis, flore pleno._ I. B. 1144.

L. 1. CH. 1. II. CL. 3. S. _c._ 2.