Chapter IV: Part I (2)

The YELLOW TUSSOCK-MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ feeds on the _Red Archangel_, _Oak_, _Hasle_, _&c._ towards the End of _September_. It makes a Spinning, within which a _hairy Chrysalis_ is formed, where it lives till the Middle of _May_ following, and then the _Moth_ takes its flight; but it is not a very common Fly.

See _Merian_, Vol. 1. Ch. 47. _Albin_, Pl. 26. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 38. _Reaumur_, Pl. 33. Pag. 534. Vol. 1.

The Red Archangel.

_Lamium rubrum._ Ger. 568.

L. 1. CH. 1. III. CL. 3. S. _c._ 3.

The RED-SPOT TUSSOCK-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are very common, feeding on most _Elm_ and _Lime_ Trees about Town. They make a Spinning under the Copings of Walls, Pales, _&c._ at the End of _May_; and the _Moth_ is bred at the End of _June_ and in _July_. The Females have no Wings; but, if you carry one or two of them in a Box (where there is a Breed of this _Moth_) the Males will follow you in order to get at them: So that, if you put the Box on the Ground, you may easily take the Cocks with your Net. Several other _Moths_ may be taken by the like Means.

See _Albin_, P. 89. _Reaumur_, Pl. 19. Pag. 342. Vol. 1.

The smooth Leaved Elm.

_Ulmus folio Glabro._ Ger. Em. 1481.

L. 1. CH. 1. IV. CL. 3. S. _c._ 4.

The ORANGE TUSSOCK-MOTH. The Food of its _Caterpillar_ is _Hasle_, _St. John’s Wort_, _Oak_, _&c._ About the Middle of _May_ it made a Spinning, and changed to a _Chrysalis_, and the _Moth_ came forth three Weeks after. It is very scarce, and the Female has no Wings. I took one of these _Caterpillars_, feeding on _Oak_ Leaves, on the 25th of _September_ 1748; two Days after, it spun up in order to its _Chrysalis_ State, and, on the 8th of _October_, the _Moth_ was bred: From whence I conclude, this _Moth_ breeds twice in a Year.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 40. _Albin_, P. 90.

The elegant upright St. John’s Wort.

_Hypericum pulchrum Tragi._ I. B. III. 383.

L. 1. CH. 1. V. CL. 3. S. _c._ 5.

The NUT-TREE TUSSOCK-MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ of this very scarce Fly was fed upon the _Hasle_. About the Middle of _September_ it spun up, and changed into a _Chrysalis_, and the _Moth_ was bred at the Beginning of _April_.

See _Albin_, P. 90. _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 53.

The Masculine Apricock.

_Armeniaca, fructu minore præcocior._ Miller.

L. 1. CH. 1. VI. CL. 3. S. _c._ 6.

THE SYCAMORE TUSSOCK-MOTH. You may find the _Caterpillars_ on _Sycamore_ Trees, and, towards the End of _August_, they are usually full fed; at which Time they spin themselves up, intermixing their Hairs with the Web, and change into the _Chrysalis_ State. The _Moths_ are bred in _May_ and _June_, are not uncommon, and may be found on the Bodies of the Trees in _St. James’s Park_, on Pales, Walls, _&c_.

See _Albin_, P. 83. _Reaumur_, Pl. 34. Pag. 534. Vol. 1.

The Sycamore Tree.

_Acer majus, multis falso Platanus_. I. B.

CHAP. II.

Caterpillars that perform their progressive Motion after a different Manner, _viz._ by drawing up the Tail towards the Head, whereby their Bodies become bent into the Form of a _half Loop_, on which Account they are called HALF-LOOPERS.

CLASS I.

CATERPILLARS _having_ eight Feet, two Holders, _and_ six Claws _or_
Hooks, _and having_ Protuberances.

SECT. _a_.

L. 1. CH. 2. I. CL. 1. S. _a._ 1.

THE CRIMSON UNDERWING MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ of this _Moth_ feeds on _Oak-leaves_, and becomes a _Chrysalis_, within some of the same Leaves spun together, at the Beginning of _June_. The _Moth_ appears at the Beginning of _July_, and is extremely scarce, as is also the _Caterpillar_.

The Oak-Tree.

_Quercus Latifolia_. C. B.

CLASS II.

CATERPILLARS _which are_ hairy, _having two_ Holders, four Feet,
_and_ six Hooks _or_ Claws.

SECT. _a._

L. 1. CH. 2. I. CL. 2. S. _a._ 1.

The SILVER _Y_ MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Sage_, _Clover_, _Burdock_, _&c._ changes to a _Chrysalis_, within a slight Spinning, in _August_, and the _Moth_ is bred in _September_; is very common in most Fields and Gardens, and flies in the Day as well as at Night. There is an early Breed of this _Moth_ in _May_.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 5. _Albin_, P. 79. _Lister_ on _Godart_. P. 20. N. 14. _Reaumur_, Pl. 19. Pag. 342. Vol. 1. Pl. 26. P. 348. Vol. 2.

Common Sage in Flower.

_Salvia hortensis._ I. B.

CHAP. III.

The _Caterpillars_ of this Chapter have two Feet and two Holders, with six Hooks or Claws; but have no Feet in the Middle Part of their Bodies like those already described. Their progressive Motion is performed by fixing the Head-part, and drawing up the Tail to it; so that each Step, forming a Loop, they are called LOOPERS. They are provided with strong and sharp Claws in their Holders, by which they can fasten themselves in such manner as to support the Rest of their Bodies, either perpendicularly or horizontally, or in any other Posture they please, without any regard to the Center of Gravity in their respective Bodies. They are able likewise, out of their own _Viscera_ or Bowels, to furnish themselves with Lines, whereby they can let themselves down from the Branches of Trees, or other Heights, as they find Occasion.

CLASS I.

Smooth _or_ naked Loopers.

SECT. a.

_Having no_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 3. I. CL. 1. S. a. 1.

The BRINDLED BEAUTY MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ will feed on most Fruit-trees, as also on the _Willow_, _&c._ Its _Chrysalis_ is formed within the Earth towards the End of _June_, and the _Moth_ comes forth in _April_. I have taken Plenty of them sticking on the Barks of the _Willow_ Trees about the Water-works at _Chelsea_.

See _Merian_, Vol. 1. P. 75. Chap. 37. _Albin_, Pl. 39.

The Honey-Cherry.

_Cerasus, sylvestris, septentrionalis, fructu rubro parvo serotino_.
Raii. Syn.

L. 1. CH. 3. II. CL. 1. S. a. 2.

The JULY ARRACH MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ may be found, full fed, on the _wild Arrach_, about the Middle of _September_; at which Time it changes to a _Chrysalis_ in the Earth: The _Moth_ is bred in _July_, and may be taken in an Evening in and near the Gardens about _Vauxhall_ and other Places.

See _Albin_, Pl. 47.

The Black Curran-Tree.

_Ribes nigrum vulgo dictum, folio olente._ I. B.

L. 1. CH. 3. III. CL. 1. S. a. 3.

The MOTTLED UMBER-MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on Fruit-Trees, _Oak_, _Elm_, _Black-Thorn_, _&c._ and turns to a _Chrysalis_, within the Earth, about the Middle of _May_. The _Moth_ comes forth in _October_, and may be found at that Time sticking on the Bark of Trees in Parks, _&c._

See _Albin_, P. 100.

The Apricock-Plumb.

_Prunus fructu parvo præcoci._ Tourn.

L. 1. CH. 3. IV. CL. 1. S. a. 4.

The JULY SALLOW MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the common _Sallow_, in the Top-leaves of which (spun together) it lies concealed in the Day-time. Some Leaves, thus spun together, looked as if they had been dead; but, on Examination, _Caterpillars_ of this Sort were found therein: They changed to a _Chrysalis_, spun amongst the Leaves, at the End of _May_. The _Moth_ is bred at the Beginning of _July_, and may be taken, in the Evening, by the Sides of Woods, Hedges, _&c._

The Wild Black Cherry.

_Cerasus major ac sylvestris, fructu subdulci nigro colore
inficiente._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 3. V. CL. 1. S. a. 5.

The BUFF ARGUS-MOTH. The two _Caterpillars_ exhibited in this Plate were taken by me upon the _Oak_, they feed likewise on the _wild Briar_, _White-Thorn_, _&c._ They tied themselves up against the Leaves, after the Manner of the _White Butterfly_, with their Heads upwards; changed into _Chrysalis_ about the Middle of _June_, and the _Moths_ were bred about the Middle of _July_. These I suppose to be Male and Female of the same Species. You may take them flying, in an Evening, by the Sides of Woods and Hedges, and in green Lanes.

The double-flowered Sweet Briar.

_Rosa sylvestris odora, sive eglanteria, flore duplice._ Park. Parad.

L. 1. CH. 3. VI. CL. 1. S. a. 6.

The GREEN BROOM-MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on the Leaves of the common _Broom_; and, about the Middle of _June_, changes to a _Chrysalis_ in a thin Spinning; in which State it continues for about three Weeks, then the _Moth_ appears, and may be taken in the Day-time, by beating the _Furze_ and _Broom_, wherein they usually are found.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 3. Tab. 12.

The Needle Furze.

_Genista minor Aspalathoides, vel Genista spinosa Anglica._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 3. VII. CL. 1. S. a. 7.

The LIME MOSS MOTH. The Eggs are of a greenish Colour, and are laid in _June_; after being in that State about ten Days the _Caterpillars_ are hatch’d. They feed on the _Moss_ that grows on _Lime_ Trees; live and feed all the Winter in the _Caterpillar_ State, and about the Beginning of _May_, are full grown, at which Time they make a Spinning amongst the _Moss_, and change to _Chrysalis_. The _Moths_ are bred at the Beginning of _June_, and may be taken in the Evenings, by the Sides of Woods, in green Lanes, _&c._

The Yellow-flowered Sage.

_Phlomis fructicosa, Salviæ folio latiore & rotundiore._ Raii Hist.
511.

SECT. _b._

Naked Loopers, _with_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 3. I. CL. 1. S. _b._ 1.

The SPOTTED ELM-MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ is not very common, altho’ it feeds on the Leaves of the _Elm_, _Lime_ and _Oak_. It goes into the Earth, and turns to a _Chrysalis_ in _August_: The _Moth_ appears in _May_, and is then to be found sometimes, sticking on the Barks of the above Trees; but it is not common.

See _Albin_, P. 40, 41. 91, 92.

The Witch Elm.

_Ulmus folio latissimo scabro._ Ger. Em. 1481.

L. 1. CH. 3. II. CL. 1. S. _b._ 2.

The SWALLOW-TAIL MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ feeds on _Bramble_, _Oak_ Leaves, and other Growths; lives all the Winter: When it changes to a _Chrysalis_, which it does in _March_, the _Chrysalis_ is fastened by the Tail, and lies, with its Head upwards, within a few fine Threads of its own spinning. The _Moth_ is bred in _May_ and _June_, and may be taken flying in an Evening by the Sides of Woods, and in green Lanes.

See _Rosel_, Cl. 3. Tab. 6. _Albin_, P. 94.

The Bramble.

_Rubus, fructu nigro._ C. B.

L. 1. CH. 3. III. CL. 1. S. _b._ 3.

The OCTOBER-MOTH. Its _Caterpillar_ is to be found, full fed, at the End of _May_, by beating the Boughs of the _Oak_, _Elm_, _Black-Thorn_, _&c._ which are the Food it feeds upon. It changes to the _Chrysalis_ State, within the Earth, about that Time, and the _Moth_ is bred in _October_, when it may be found sticking on the Bark of Trees, in Parks and other Places.

The smooth leaved Elm.

_Ulmus folio Glabro._ Ger. Em. 1481.

L. 1. CH. 3. IV. CL. 1. S. _b._ 4.

The BRIMSTONE MOTH. The _Caterpillar_ is found on the _White-Thorn_, towards the Middle of _September_, when it is full fed, and changes to a _Chrysalis_, within a Spinning, and the _Moth_ is produced in the _April_ and _May_ following. It flies slowly, and is easily taken in an Evening. This _Moth_ breeds twice in a Year; the first Time in _April_ and _May_, the second in _July_ and _August_.

_Figure_ 1. The White Thorn. 2. The Blue Bells. 3. The Red Ranunculus.

Fig. 1. _Oxyacanthus._ Ger. 2. _Hyacinthus Anglicus._ Ger. 3.
_Ranunculus hortensis flore rubello._

L. 1. CH. 3. V. CL. 1. S. _b._ 5.

The SCALLOP WINGED MOTH laid her Eggs on the 5th of _August_, and eight Days after the _Caterpillars_ appeared. I fed them with _White-Thorn_ and _Privet_, till the Beginning of _October_, at which Time several of them changed to the _Chrysalis_ betwixt the Leaves spun together. They remained in that State during the Winter, and the _Moths_ were bred in _May_ following. This _Moth_ is to be taken, in the Evening, by the Sides of Woods, Hedges, _&c._

The White Thorn, with its Fruit.

_Mespilus, Apii folio; sylvestris, sive oxyacantha._ C. B. Pin. 458.

L. 1. CH. 3. VI. CL. 1. S. _b._ 6.

The RICHMOND-BEAUTY, a MOTH. Mr. _Rosel_ assures us, that the _Caterpillars_ feed on the Leaves of the _Pear_ Tree, _&c._ and is to be found at the End of _May_ and the Beginning of _June_. They change to the _Chrysalis_ amongst the _Pear_ Leaves: They continue fourteen Days in that State, and the _Moth_ appears about the End of _June_. This _Moth_ is to be taken in an Evening by the Sides of Woods, in green Lanes, Gardens, _&c._

See _Rosel_, Cl. 2. Tab. 10.

The _Spanish_ or _Catalonian_ Jasmine.

_Jasminum humilius magno flore._ C. B. Pin.

L. 1. CH. 3. VII. CL. 1. S. _b._ 7.

The HAWTHORN MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ that produce this Kind of _Moth_ are of various Colours, some being much lighter than others. I got several of them by beating the Boughs of the _White Thorn_, about the Middle of _September_; at which Time many of this Sort spin themselves amongst the Leaves and change to _Chrysalis_, and the _Moths_ are bred in the Middle of _May_ following. This is a very scarce Fly.

The Carolina Hawthorn.

_Mespilus Caroliniana, Apii foliis volgari similis major fructu
luteo._ Millar.

L. 1. CH. 3. VIII. CL. 1. S. _b._ 8.

The ORANGE MOTH. The four different coloured Flies represented in the Plate, were all produced from _Caterpillars_ that were hatched from the Eggs of such a Female as is represented at _Fig._ 1. The Eggs were of a pale green Colour, and were hatch’d on the 13th _July_ 1747; and the young _Caterpillars_ were fed with the Leaves of _Black-Thorn_, till about the 20th, when they changed their first Skin; on the second of _August_ they changed their Skin again, and, about the Middle of the same Month, they left off eating: But, _October_ the 25th, being put on _Bramble_ Leaves, they began to eat again, and changed their Skin a third Time, _November_ the 28th; after which they remained pretty quiet the whole Winter without eating. At the End of _March_ they began to eat the fresh Buds of the _Black_ and _White-Thorn_, and changed their Skin for the fourth Time. About the End of _April_, one that was separated from the Rest changed its Skin a fifth Time _May_ the 10th: spun up _May_ the 29th: and the _Moth_ was produced _June_ the 17th. Several others spun up between _May_ the 22d and _June_ the 5th, and the _Moths_ were produced between _June_ the 12th and 25th. One that did not change its Skin, for the last Time, till _June_ the 26th, was given to the Proprietor of this Work; it spun up in the Leaves, on the 10th of _July_, and the _Moth_, _Fig._ 2. was bred on the 1st of _August_. Of eight _Moths_ that were produced, three were Females of the common Orange Kind, and five were Males, one of which only was all over of an Orange Colour. Amongst the _Caterpillars_ there was one that changed its fourth Skin, _July_ the 4th, and fed for some Time; however, it has not yet changed its fifth Skin, tho’ it continued alive, without eating, till _December_ the 25th 1748, at which Time it was put on _Bramble_ Leaves, and has continued to feed thereon till the present 3d of _February_ 1748-9.——The Author of this Work was favoured with the preceeding Account by a most skilful and exact observer, whose Name, had he leave to mention it, would do him great Honour.

The Dwarf-Willow.

_Salix pumila Alpina, rotundifolia repens, inferne subcinerea._ C. B.
Pin.

CLASS II.

Hairy Loopers.

SECT. _a._

_Having no_ Protuberances.

L. 1. CH. 3. I. CL. 2. S. _a._ 1.

The LARGE MAGPYE, or CURRAN MOTH. Most Gardens and Hedges abound with the _Caterpillars_ of this Fly, which feed on _Curran_ and _Gooseberry-Bushes_, and also on the _Black Thorn_, _&c._ They change into the _Chrysalis State_, hanging by the Tail, at the End of _May_, and the _Moths_ appear in the Middle of _June_. They are very common, and easily taken in an Evening in the Gardens, and most other Places, and may likewise be catch’d in the Day-time, by beating the Hedges and Bushes. The _Caterpillar_ lives all Winter, and in the Spring begins to feed as soon as the Buds are open.

See _Lister_ on _Godart_, P. 13. N. 9. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Chap. 29. _Albin_, P. 43. _Rosel_, Class 3. Tab. 2.

The Curran Tree.

_Ribes major fructu rubro_, Hort. Eyst.

L. 1. CH. 3. II. CL. 2. S. _a._ 2.

The GOOSEBERRY-MOTH. The _Caterpillars_ are hatch’d at the latter End of the Year, and live all Winter. About the Middle of _May_ you may find Plenty of them on the _Gooseberry_ and _Curran_ Bushes; about which Time they go into the Ground, and turn to _Chrysalis_, and about the Middle of _June_ the _Moths_ appear. They are common in most Gardens in the Evening, and may be taken in the Day-time, as the last.

See _Lister_ on _Godart_, P. 19. N. 12. _Merian_, Vol. 1. Chap. 25. _Albin_ P. 47. _Rosel_, Class 3. Tab. 4.

The Gooseberry Tree, with its Flower and Fruit.

_Grossularia, fructu obscure purpurascente._ Clus.

Hairy Loopers.

SECT. _b._

_Having Tufts of Hair, partly round each Joint._

L. 1. CH. 3. I. CL. 2. S. _b._ 1.

The BRINDLE-MOTH. This _Caterpillar_, which is not common among the Loopers, was found by Mr. _Dandridge_ on the _Hasle_, at the Beginning of _June_. It also feeds on _Oak_, _&c_. On the 14th of the same Month it went into the Ground and changed into a _Chrysalis_, and at the Beginning of _April_ following the _Moth_ came out. The Females have no Wings. I have had several of this Kind of _Moth_ bred in _February_ from the _Chrysalis_, which I got by digging with a Trowel at the Root of Oak Trees. The _Moth_ is rarely taken in the Fly-state.

Bladder-Sena, _with_ Reddish-Seed Vessels.

_Colutea vesicaria, vesiculis rubentibus._ J. B.

CHAP. IV.

Caterpillars shaped like Wood-Lice.

CLASS I.

SECT. _a._

L. 1. CH. 4. I. CL. 1. S. _a._ 1.

The SMALL OAK-EGGER-MOTH. This _Caterpillar_ I took in _Hornsey_-Wood on an Oak-Tree, at the Beginning _October_, soon after which Time it chang’d to a _Chrysalis_, by fastening the Oak-Leaf close to the Bottom of the Box I kept it in with a Spinning. Thus it remained through the Winter, and the _Moth_ was bred at the End of _May_. Both _Caterpillar_ and _Fly_ are very rare.

The Double Velvet-Rose.

_Rosa holosericea, multiplex._ Park. Parad.

CHAP. V.

Of Moths, whose Generation is not yet known.

CLASS I.

SECT. _a_.

L. 1. Ch. 5. I. Cl. 1. S. a. 1.

THE GLORY OF KENT, a _Moth_. This is the only _Moth_ of the Kind that I have yet heard was ever taken in _England_ or elsewhere. It was found about the Middle of _April_, 1741, flying in a Wood, in the Day-time, near _Cookham_, by _Westram_, in _Kent_. It was taken by Mr. _William Constable_, who lives near that Place; and the _Moth_ is at present in the Collection of Mr. _Charles Cabrier_, of _London_.

The Double-Flowering Peach.

_Persica Africana nova, flore incarnato pleno._ Tourn.

L. 1. Ch. 5. II. Cl. 1. S. a. 2.

THE CLEIFDEN NONPAREIL, a _Moth_. This curious Fly was found by Mr. _Davenport_, sticking against the Body of an _Ash_ Tree, near _Cleifden_, in _Buckinghamshire_. It was taken in the Month of _July_: Is at present in the Possession of _Charles Lockyer_, Esq; and is the only one of the Sort that I have yet seen or heard of.

The Ciphian Rose.

_Rosa; pimpinella minor Scotica, floribus ex albo & corneo eleganter
variegatis._ Pluk. Alm.