Chapter VI: The Rise of the Jacobin Party 129-154

The Revolution consists of two separate movements, one
mainly political, the other mainly social.--Pause in the
Revolution in 1791.--Apathy of the majority of voters.--Classes
which had not gained what they expected from the
Revolution.--Distress among the artisans and labourers.--Illogical
position of the Constitutional party.--Causes of
its unpopularity with the poor.--The Jacobin theory.--Its
results in practice.--Its triumph secured by violence.--Various
causes of disorder.--Increase of the influence of
force in politics.--Numbers of the Jacobin party.--Its
complete organisation.--Growth of Jacobin clubs.--Organisation
of the Commune of Paris.--Influence of the active
Sections.--Rise of Robespierre.--His character and policy.--Results
of the King's flight to Varennes.--Attitude of the
Jacobin Club.--The 'Massacre of the Champ de Mars.'--Rally
of the Constitutional party.--Barren results of their
success.--Reviving influence of the Jacobins.--Visible in
the Elections.--Critical state of the Revolution at the end
of 1791.