Chapter XXXI: Anaphylaxis (2)

Contagious abortion, agglutination test, 268
complement-fixation text, 277
path of elimination, 248
of entrance, 245

Contagium, definition of, 232
vivum theory, 25, 28, 33

Contamination of food by carriers, 241

Continuous pasteurization, 141

Contrast stains, 205

Convalescents, control of, 239-240

CORNALIA, 29

Corpuscles, Babes-Ernst, 45
red, in complement-fixation test, 278, 279
malaria, etc., in, 249

Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 158

_Corynebacterium diphtheriæ_, 64, 69, 128, 233, 234, 261, 263

Coryza, acute, 244

Cotton plugs, 21, 184

Coughing, 248

Crateriform liquefaction, 221

Cream ripening, 97

CREITE, 271

_Crenothrix_, 61

Creolin as disinfectant, 160

Cresols as disinfectants, 159

Culture, definition of, 171
medium, definition of, 171
essentials of, 172
inoculation of, 186, 192
kinds of, 172
liquid, 172, 173
methods of using, 184
optimum moisture for, 73
plating of, 188
reaction of, 81, 216
selective, 198, 199
solid, 172, 173
standardization of, 174, 175
synthetic, 183
titration of, 174
use of, 173
tubes, description of, 184

Cultures, anaërobic, 188-192
from internal organs, 229
mass, 188
plate, 188
potato, 186
puncture, 185
pure, definition of, 171
isolation of, 194-199
slant, 186
slope, 186
stab, 185

Curled edge, 225

Cutaneous inoculation, 228

Cycle, carbon, 107
nitrogen, 107
phosphorus, 107
sulphur, 108

Cystitis, 234

Cytolysin, 272

Cytolysins, 271-279

Cytolytic, 272
power of blood, 272
serums, failure of, 275
substances in immunity, 295

Cytophil group, 273

Cytoplasm, 41

Cytotoxic, 272

D

DALLERA, 289

Dark field illumination, 204

DAVAINE, 28, 35

Death-point, thermal, 75
determination of, 215

Decomposition, how caused, 108
importance of, 108
of urea, 106

Deep culture tubes, 190-191

Degeneration forms, 54

Delousing method in typhus, 242

DE MARTIN, 35

Denitrification, 114

Deodorant, 131

Descriptive chart, 217

Diagnosis, agglutination test in, 265-267
anaphylaxis in, 292
complement-fixation test in, 277
immunity reactions in, 255
material for bacteriological, 228-229
precipitin test in, 269

Diastase, 124

Diffusion of food through cell wall, 41

Digestion of proteins, 102

Dilution method of isolation, 194
plates, 194, 195

Dimethylamine, structural formula, 103

Diphtheria antitoxin, 30, 263, 264
bacilli, granules in, 45
involution forms, 54
carriers, 239
location of, 245, 249
path of entrance, 245
toxin, M. L. D., 264

Diplobacillus, 55

Diplococcus, 56

_Diplococcus_, 66, 69

Diplospirillum, 55

Discharges, 228
intestinal, 248
nasal, 248
urethral, 248
vaginal, 248

Discontinuous sterilization, 133

Disease, acute, 233
of animals to man, 232
Bilharzia, 28, 35
cabbage, 30, 35
causation of, 24, 128
communicable, 232
contagious, 34, 232
of flies, 28, 35
germ, 25, 27, 33
hookworm, 28, 35
infectious, 232, 240
Johne’s, 246, 248
non-specific, 233
protozoal, eradication, 242
transmission, 242
silkworm, 27, 29, 34, 35
skin, 243
specific, 27, 30, 233
transmission of, 26, 232

Dishes, Petri, 181

Disinfectant, 131
action of anilin dyes, 162
closed space, 161
dry heat as, 133
moist heat as, 132, 133
standardization of, 165
steam as, 132, 133

Disinfectants, chemical, action of, 156-163
first experiment in, 21
factors affecting, 164-165

Disinfection, agents in, 131-163
by boiling, 132, 133
by burning, 132
by burying, 154
definition of, 130
first chemical, 34
hot air, 21, 133
physical agents, 131-155
practical, 166-170
precautions in, 170
puerperal fever, 28, 34
steam, 134-138
surgeon’s hands, 28

Dissemination of organisms, 247

DISTASO, 42, 43

Distilling sour mash, 98

Division, planes of, 55-58
rate of, 43, 91

DOBELL, 43

DORSET, 84

Dosage of vaccines, 286

Dose, minimum lethal, 264
standard test, 264

DOUGLAS, 42, 43, 280

Dourine, 245, 248

Drumstick spore, 49

Dry heat, 21, 133

Drying, 131, 132

DUBINI, 27, 34

Ducrey’s bacillus, 245

Dunham’s peptone, 177

DURHAM, 265

Dyes, anilin, as antiseptics, 162
introduction of, 30
as stains, 204

Dysenteries, 242, 246, 248, 249

Dysentery, amebic, 29, 35
tropical, 29

E

ECTOPLASM, 41

Edema, malignant, 237, 243

Edge of colony, 225

Effuse colony, 224

Egg sensitization, 292

EHRENBERG, 33, 34

EHRLICH, 256, 276

Ehrlich’s theory, 256-260

EICHSTEDT, 28, 34

Electric milk purifier, 152

Electricity, 79, 150

Elements in bacteria, 82, 86, 88, 89

Elimination of organisms, 248

_Empusa muscæ_, 28, 29, 35

Emulsin, 122

Endo-enzymes, 126

Endogenous infection, 235

Endoplasm, 41

Endotoxins, 128, 276

Energy relationships, 39
transformations, 86-90

Ensilage, 98

Enteritis, 233

Entire edge, 225

Entrance of organisms, 243-246, 247

Environmental conditions, 72, 130, 213

Enzymes, 84, 121-126
in anaphylaxis, 291
in immunity, 295

Enzymoid, 262

Epidemics, 241

Epitheliolysin, 272

Eosin, 204

Equatorial spore, 49
germination of, 48, 49

Eradication of disease, 236, 242

Erysipelas, hog, 248

_Erythrobacillus prodigiosus_, 66, 68, 70, 77, 113

Essential structures, 41

Essentials of a culture medium, 172

Esters, 84, 110

Ether as disinfectant, 162

EUBACTERIA, 62

Exanthemata, 248

Exhaustion factor in immunity, 251
theory of immunity 256

Existence, conditions for, 72

Exo-enzymes, 126

Exogenous infection, 235

Exotoxins, 128

Experiment, Pasteur’s, 21
Schroeder and Dusch’s, 22
Schultze’s, 21
Schwann’s, 22
Tyndall’s, 24

Experimental animals, 227

External auditory meatus, 244
genitalia, 245

Extracellular enzymes, 126

Extract broth, 176

Eyes in cheese, 96, 97

F

Factors affecting disinfectants, 164, 165
immunity, 250, 251
in immunity to disease, 295

Facultative, 215
aërobes, 76
anaërobes, 76, 192
parasites, 87
saprophytes, 238

Failure of cytolytic serums, 275
of vaccines, 286

Fat colors, 112
splitting enzymes, 124

Father of bacteriology, 19
of microscope, 19

Fats as antigens, 260
occurrence of, 84
rancidity of, 101
in sewage disposal, 101
splitting of, 101

Favus, 27, 34, 243

Feces, bacteria in, 72

Feeding, as inoculating method, 228

FEINBERG, 43

Ferment, organized, 126
unorganized, 126

Fermentation, 31, 93
acid, 93, 96
acetic, 32, 99
butyric, 32, 99
alcoholic, 31, 34, 100
ammoniacal, 32
bacterial, 32
blue milk, 31, 34
of carbohydrates, 93-101
definition of, 93
gaseous, 93, 94, 96
tubes, 184, 190
yeast, 34, 99

Fermented milk, Bulgarian, 98

Fever, due to invisible organisms, 25
Malta, 268
recurrent, 29, 35
Rocky Mountain spotted, 242
scarlet, 246, 248
Texas, 232, 233, 242
typhoid, 232, 248
typhus, 242
yellow, 242

Fibrin ferment, 124

Filament, 56

Filiform growth, 221

Film, fixing of, 207
preparation of, 207

Filter, Berkefeld, 154
candles, 153-154
Mandler, 154
Pasteur-Chamberland, 154
sprinkling, 115, 116

Filterable virus, 234

Filtration, 152-154

First order, receptors of, 261, 262

FISCHER, 42, 45

Fixation test, complement, 276

Fixed virus, 253

Fixing of film, 207

Flagella, 45-47
staining of, 210

Flash process of pasteurization, 145

Fleas, 241

FLEXNER, 276

Flies, 28, 35, 241

FLÜGGE, 271

FODOR, von, 271

Food adulteration, complement-fixation test in, 279
immunity reactions in, 255
precipitin test in, 269

Food contamination by carriers, 241
poisoning, 87, 104, 238
requirement compared with man, 92
uses of, 86

Foot-and-mouth disease, 244, 248

Forage poisoning, 87

Foreign body pneumonia, 245

Formaldehyde as disinfectant, 160

Formalin, 160

Formol, 160

Forms, cell, 52-54
degeneration, 54
growth, 55
involution, 54
study of, 32-34

Fox fire, 111

Foxes, 241

FRACASTORIUS, 25, 33

Free acid, 175
receptors, 259
spores, 48

Fruiting organs, 37

FUCHS, 31, 34

Fuchsin, 205
anilin, 205
carbol, 206

Fungi, bacteria as, 37

Funnel-shaped liquefaction, 221

G

GABBET’S blue, 206
method of staining, 209

Gall-bladder, 248

Galvanotaxis, 79

Gas formation in cheese, 96, 97
natural, 95
production of, 110

Gaseous fermentation, 93-95

GASPARD, 26, 34

Gelatin, advantage of, 178
composition of, 179
cultures, first used, 30, 36
liquefaction of, 103
medium, 177
plating of, 188
standardization of, 178
sterilization of, 178

Gemmation, 37

General conditions for growth, 72
infections, vaccines in, 286

Generation, spontaneous, 17-24

Generic names introduced, 33

Genitals, 245

Gentian violet, selective action of, 162
stain, 205

Germ, free air, 153
theory of disease, 25

German measles, 233

Germination of spore, 48

Germs, 33
in air, 24, 35

GESCHEIDEL, 271

Giemsa stain, 43

Glanders, 26, 233, 238, 244, 248, 249, 268, 277

Glands, mammary, 248
salivary, 248

GLEICHEN, 32

Globulin in bacteria, 84

Glycerine broth, 176

Glycerinized potato, 172

Glycogen as cell constituent, 84

Goats, 227

Gonidia, 63

Gonococcus, 245

Gonorrhea, 248, 249

Good health, 296

Grain rust, 26, 34

Gram positive organisms, 162, 208
negative organisms, 162, 208

Gram’s method of staining, 208
solution, 208

Granular edge, 225

Granules, metachromatic, 212
Neisser’s, 45
polar, 45

Granulose in bacteria, 84

Grape juice, pasteurization of, 141

Grass bacilli, 209

Green plants, N nutrition of, 118

GRIESINGER, 27, 28, 35

Group, agglutinating, 266
haptophore, 261, 262, 266, 270, 273
precipitating, 270
toxophore, 261, 262
zymophore, 262, 270, 273

Groupings, cell, 55-58

Growth, appearance in media, 217

_Gruber_, 265, 268

_Gruby_, 28, 34

Gum-like substance in bacteria, 83

H

HAECKEL, 280

Hanging drop slide, 203

Haptophore, complementophil, 273
cytophil, 273
group, 261, 262, 266, 270, 273

Harness, disinfection of, 169

Hay fever, 263, 292

Health, 296

Heat as disinfectant, 132-144
due to oxidation, 112
production of, 116

Heated serum, 271, 277, 278, 279

Heating of manure, 116

HELLMICH, 84

HELMONT, VAN, 18

Hemagglutinin, 265

Hemicellulose, 83

Hemolysin, 272

Hemolytic amboceptor, 278

Hemorrhagic septicemia, 246

HENLE, 27, 34, 233

HERICOURT, 289

Herpes tonsurans, 28, 34

HESSELING, von, 32

Heterologous sera, 276

Heterotrophic, 86

HILL, 33

HILTON, 27

HOFFMAN, 24

Hog cholera, 231, 242, 248, 252, 253
erysipelas, 248

Holders, 143

HOLMES, 28, 34

Homologous sera, 276

Hookworm disease, 28, 34

Horses, 227, 263

Host, 87

Hot beds, 117

Hunger in immunity, 251

Hydrochloric acid, 246

Hydrogen, function of, 98
ion concentration standardization, 175, 176
oxidation of, 114
peroxide, 162
sulphide, 115

Hydrophobia, 249

Hydrostatic pressure, 79

Hygienic laboratory, 165

Hypochlorites, 157, 158

I

Ice cream poisoning, 104

Identification of bacteria, 216, 217
in blood, 269
in meat, 269
in milk, 269

Immersion oil, 201

Immunity, 236, 250-296
acquired, 251, 252
active, 251, 252-255
antibacterial, 254, 255
antitoxic, 254, 255
artificial, 251, 252
classification of, 251
congenital, 251
factors in, 295
modifying, 250
inherited, 251, 252
natural, 295
passive, 251, 252, 253
to protein, 290
reactions, value, 255
relative, 250
summary of, 295
theories of, 256

Inactivate, 272

Incubation period, 26, 232

Incubator, 213
cold, 215
room, 213

Index, chronological, 31
opsonic, 281
phagocytic, 281

Indicator, 278

Indol, 104

Infection, 232
auto, 234
channels of, 243
endogenous, 235
exogenous, 235
mixed, 234
primary, 234
secondary, 234
wound, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30, 34, 36, 233, 234, 240, 243, 248

Infectious diseases, 232
control of, 240

Infective organisms, specificity of location, 249

Infestation, 232

Infested, 232

Influenza, 239, 241, 246

Infusoria, 33

Inhalation, 228

Inherited immunity, 251, 252

Inoculation of animals, 227
uses of, 227
of cultures, 186, 188
definition of, 192
methods of, 227
needles, 192

Inoculations, first protective, 30
of smallpox, 24

Insects, 241, 242

Instruments, sterilization, 136, 167

Intracardiac, 228

Intracellular enzyme, 166

Invasion, 232

Invertase, 124

Involution forms, 53, 212

Iodine, 157

Iron bacteria, 86
function of, 89

Irregular forms, 53

Isolation of anaërobes, 190
of pure cultures, aids in, 197-199
methods, 194-196

Itch mite, 27, 34

J

JABLOT, 32

Jack-o-lantern, 105

Jar, Novy, 192

JENNER, 26, 34, 253

Johne’s disease, 248

K

KETTE, 32, 35

Kidneys, 248

Kinase, 125

KIRCHER, 18, 25, 33

KLEBS, 29, 35

KLENCKE, 28, 34

KOCH, 17, 27, 29, 30, 33, 36

Koch’s postulates, 233

KRAUS, 268

KRUSE, 254

KÜCHENMEISTER, 28, 35

L

LAB, 124

Lachrymal canal, 244

Lactacidase, 125

Lactic acid bacteria, 97
fermentation, 96-99

LANCISI, 25, 33

LANDOIS, 271

LATOUR, 31, 34

LAVERAN, 25, 30

Lecithin as antigen, 279
as cell constituent, 84
as complement, 274

LEEUWENHOEK, 19, 32, 33

Legumes, 118

LEIDY, 27, 33, 34, 35

LE MOIGNAC, 284

Leprosy, 233, 244, 249

LESSER, 32

Lethal dose, 264

Leukocytes, washing of, 281

Lice as carriers, 241

LIEBERT, 28, 34

Light, action on bacteria, 75
as disinfectant, 148
production of, 111

LINNÆUS, 25

Lipase, 124

Lipochromes, 113

Lipoids as antigen, 274

Lipovaccines, 284

Liquefaction of gelatin, 221
of protein, 103

Liquid blood serum, 182
manure, disinfection of, 169
media, 172

Liquids, sterilization of, 153

LISTER, 29, 30, 35

Litmus milk, 177

Living bacteria, examination of, 201
cause theory, 28, 33

Localized infections, vaccines in, 286

Location of organisms, specificity of, 249

Lockjaw, 231, 233

Loeffler’s blood serum, 182
blue, 206

Loop needles, 193

Lophotrichic, 46

LÖSCH, 29, 35

Lungs, 245, 249

Lye washes as disinfectants, 159

Lymph channels in dissemination, 247

Lysol as disinfectant, 160

M

MCCLINTOCK, 165

MCCOY, 160

Macrococcus, 52

Macroscopic agglutination, 265

Malaria, 25, 30, 32, 242

Malarial parasite, 30, 249

Malignant edema, 237, 243

Mallease reaction, 269

Mallein test, 292

Malta fever, 268

Mammary glands, 248

Mandler filter, 154

Manure, liquid, disinfection of, 169
heating of, 40

_Margaropus annulatus_, 242

MARTIN, 32

Mass cultures, 188

MASSART, 42

Maximum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 76

Measles, 246, 248, 250
German, 233, 239

Measly pork, 28

Measurement of bacteria, 203
special unit of, 40

Meat broth, 173
identification of, 269
juice, 173
poisoning, 104

Mechanical vibration, 80

Medico-legal examination, 269, 279, 293

Medium. _See_ Culture medium

Meningitis, 239, 244

Meningococcus, 244

Mercuric chloride, 158

Merismopedia, 57

Metabiosis, 103

Metabolism, 86-91

Metachromatic granules, 44, 45, 59, 212

Metastases, 235

Metatrophic, 86

METCHNIKOFF, 256, 280

Methods of inoculation of animals, 227
of cultures, 186-188
of obtaining pure cultures, 194

Methylamine, 103

Methylene blue, 205, 206

Mice, white, 227

Microbiology, 231

Micrococcus, 52, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69, 245

Micrometer, 203

Micromillimeter, 40

Micron, 40

Microörganisms, 32

Microscope, improvements in, 30, 36
invention, 19
Leeuwenhoek’s, 19
use of, 200

Microspira, 61, 63

_Microsporon furfur_, 28, 34

Middle ear, 241

Migula’s classification, 62

Milk, blue, 31, 34
Bulgarian, 98
digestion of, 102
flavors in, 110
glands, 244
identification of, 269
litmus, 177
pasteurization of, 141, 144-147
as path of elimination, 248
preparation of, 177
purifier, electric, 152
souring of, 32
sterilization of, 177
tuberculous, 248

Minimum conditions, 72, 73, 74, 77
lethal dose, 264

Mirror, use of, 200

Mixed infection, 234
vaccine, 285

Mixotrophic, 86

M. L. D., 264

MOHLER, 167

Moist heat, 133

Moisture, 73

Mold colonies, 226

Molds in alcoholic fermentation, 100
in relation to bacteria, 37, 39

Molecular respiration, 88, 89

Monas, 33

Monkeys, 227

Monotrichic, 45

MONTAGUE, 24

Mordants, 204, 211

Morphology, 41-58
in identification, 171, 212

Mosquitoes and malaria, 25, 242

Motile bacteria, 45

Motion of bacteria, 47
Brownian, 47, 203

Mounting in balsam, 207

Mouth cavity, 244

Mu, 40

Mucosæ as channels of infection, 244

MÜLLER, 33, 34, 59

Mumps, 239

Municipal disinfection, 170

MÜNTZ, 32, 35

Muscardine, 34

Mycelia, 39, 226

_Mycobacteriaceæ_; 64

_Mycobacterium_, 64, 69
of Johne’s disease, 209
_lepræ_, 209
_smegmatis_, 209
_tuberculosis_, 83, 176, 209

Mycoproteid, 83

Mycorrhiza, 119

Myxomycetes, 38

N

NÄGELI, 29, 35

Nasal cavity, 244
discharges, 248

Natural gas, 95
immunity, 251, 252, 296

NEEDHAM, 20, 33

Needles, inoculation, 192

Negative complement-fixation test, 278
phase, 287

Neisser’s granules, 45
stain, 212

NENCKI, 83

Nephrolysin, 272

NEUFELD, 281

Neurin, 104

Neurotoxin, 272

NEUVEL, 43

Nichrome wire, 193

Nitrate broth, 177

Nitrates in soil, 115

Nitric bacteria, 114

Nitrification, 32, 35

Nitrite, oxidation of, 114

Nitrogen, absorption of, 117
in bacterial cell, 89
circulation, 109
cycle, 107
fertilizers, 120
liberation, 104
nutrition of green plants, 118
use of, 103

Nitrous bacteria, 114

Non-pathogenic, 87

Non-specific disease, 233

Normal agglutinins, 266
serum, 272

_Nosema bombycis_, 29, 35

NOVY, 183
jar, 192

Noxious retention theory, 255

Nuclein, 42, 43

Nucleoprotein, 43

Nucleus, 42, 43

Nutrition of green plants, 118

NUTTAL, 271

O

OBERMEIER, 29, 35

Objective, oil immersion, 200, 201

Oblique germination of spore, 48

Occurrence of bacteria, 71

Official classification, 59

_Oidium albicans_, 27, 34

Oil bath, 167
essential for clearing, 209
immersion objective, 200, 201
relation of bacteria to, 116

OMODEI, 27

Opsonic index, 281, 282, 287
method, 282
power, 287

Opsonin, 281

Opsonins, 281, 282, 295

Optimum conditions, 72, 73, 74

Order, receptors of first, 261-264
of second, 265-270, 281
of third, 271-279

Organic acids, 84, 110
catalyzers, 123

Organisms, dissemination of, in body, 247
filterable, 234
pathogenic, elimination of, 248
entrance of, 243-246, 247
specific relation to tissue, 249
ultramicroscopic, 234

Organized ferments, 126

Osmotic pressure, 78, 149, 216

Otitis media, 244

OTTO, 289

Overproduction theory, 257, 258

OWEN, 27, 34

Oxidation, 114, 115

Oxidizing enzymes, 125

Oxygen, compressed, 77
as disinfectant, 156
function of, 88
nascent, 77
relationships, 215, 220
requirement, 88
source, 76, 77

Oyster sensitization, 292

OZNAM, 26

Ozone, 77, 150, 157

P

PANCREAS, 248

Papillate, 221

PAGET, 27, 34

Paraffin oil, 190

Parasite, 87
facultative, 87
strict, 87

PARODKO, 77

Partial agglutinin, 267
amboceptor, 274

Passive immunity, 251, 252

PASTEUR, 17, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 253, 256, 283
flask, 21, 23, 24, 193
treatment of rabies, 253

Pasteur-Chamberland filter, 154

Pasteurization, 139-147
continuous, 141
flash process, 145

Pathogenic, 87
bacteria, definition of, 231
outside the body, 237
bacteriology, scope of, 235
organisms, destroyed by boiling, 133
elimination of, 248
entrance of, 243-247

Paths of elimination, 248
of entrance, 243-247

PEACOCK, 26

Pebrine, 29, 35

Pedesis, 47

Peptone solution, Dunham’s, 177

Period of incubation, 26, 232

Peritonitis, 234

Peritrichic, 46

_Peronospora infestans_, 28, 34

PERTY, 33, 35

Pet animals, 241

Petri dishes, 181, 188

Petroleum, 95

PFEIFFER, 271

Pfeiffer’s phenomenon, 271

_Pfeifferella mallei_, 65, 69, 265

Phagocytes, 247

Phagocytic index, 281

Phagocytosis, 243, 280-288, 295
theory, 256

Pharynx, 245

Phase, negative, 287
positive, 287

Phenol coefficient, 165, 166
as disinfectant, 159
production of, 104, 111

Phenolphthalein, 174

Phenomenon, anaphylactic, 292
Arthus’, 289
Pfeiffer’s, 271

Phosphate reduction, 114
rock, 115

Phosphorescence, 111

Phosphorus cycle, 108
in proteins, 105
uses of, 89

Photogenesis, 111

Physical agents for disinfection, 131-155

Physiological activities, 93-129
definition of, 87
in identification, 216

Physiology of bacteria, 71-171

Phytotoxins, 127, 128

Pickling, 98

Pigeons, 227

Pigments, 84, 112, 113

Pimples, 234, 240, 243

PINOY, 284

Pipettes for inoculation, 193

_Piroplasma bigeminum_, 233, 242, 249

Piroplasmoses, 242, 249

PIRQUET, von, 289

Pityriasis versicolor, 28, 34

Plague, 246

Planes of division, 56, 57

_Planococcus_, 62

_Planosarcina_, 62

Plants and animals, 39

_Plasmodiophora brassicæ_, 30, 36

Plasmolysis, 41, 42, 78

Plasmoptysis, 42, 78

Plate colonies, study of, 224-226
cultures, 180, 188, 191

Plates, dilution, 194, 195
gelatin first used, 30, 36

Platinum needles, 193

Plectridium, 49

PLENCIZ, 26, 31

Plugs, cotton, 21, 184

Pneumococcus, 240, 245

Pneumonia, 240, 245, 246, 248
vaccination against, 241

Poisoning, cheese, 104
food, 87, 104, 238
ice cream, 104
meat, 104

Polar germination, 48, 49
granules, 45

Poliomyelitis, 244

POLLENDER, 28, 35

Polysaccharides, fermentation of, 95

Polyvalent vaccine, 285

Pork, measly, 28

Position of bacteria, 37
of flagella, 45, 46
of spore, 49

Positive phase, 287
test, 278

Postulates, Koch’s, 233

Potato, acidity of, 182
glycerinized, 182
media, 180-182
rot, 28, 34

Power, opsonic, 287

Practical sterilization and disinfection, 166-170

_Pragmidiothrix_, 63

Precipitinogen, 269

Precipitinoid, 270

Precipitins, 268-270
anti-, 270

Preparation of antitoxin, 263
of bacterial vaccines, 283, 284
of film, 207

Preservation of slides, 207, 208

Preservative, alcohol as, 160
in vaccine, 284

Pressure, hydrostatic, 79
osmotic, 78, 149
oxygen, 76, 77
steam, 136
sterilization, 136-139

Prevention of disease, 235, 236, 253, 255, 283

Preventive vaccination, colds, 241
pneumonia, 241
rabies, 253
smallpox, 26, 34, 253
vaccines, autogenous, 285
stock, 285

PREVOST, 26

Primary infection, 234

Process kettle, 137

Pro-enzyme, 121

Prophylaxis, 289

Protamine in bacteria, 84

Protease, 124

Protective inoculation, first, 30

Protein in bacteria, 84
coagulation temperature, 51
composition of, 102
decomposition of, 105
differentiation of, 255
foreign, 289
identification of, 293
immunity, 290
putrefaction of, 102-109
split products of, 291
splitting of, 106
structure of, 291
synthesis of, 113

_Proteus vulgaris_, 67, 70, 77

Protoautotrophic, 115

Protoplasm, 41, 59

Prototrophic, 86

Protozoa, cause of disease, 30
cell wall in, 41
in intermediate hosts, 242
relation to bacteria, 40
specificity of localization, 249

Protozoal diseases, transmission of, 242

PSEUDOMONADACEÆ, 65, 70

_Pseudomonas pyocyanea_, 62, 65, 70, 128, 265

Ptomaines, 103, 104

_Puccinia graminis_, 26, 34

Puerperal fever, 28, 34

Punctiform colonies, 223

Puncture cultures, 185

Pure culture, 171, 194-199

Purification of streams, 73
of water, 150

Purin bases in bacteria, 84

Pus cocci, 73
infectious, 26
organisms in, 35

Putrefaction, 27, 31, 33
definition of, 102
of proteins, 102-109
end products of, 103
in soil, 106

Putrescin, 104

Q

QUARANTINE, 239
disinfection, 170

Quicklime as a disinfectant, 155, 158

Quinsy, 245

R

RABBITS, 227

Rabies, bacteriological examination in, 229
Pasteur treatment of, 253
path of elimination in, 248
transmission of, 239
specificity of localization in, 249

Räbiger’s method of staining, 210

Radiations, 79

Radium, 79

Rancidity of butter, 101

Rashes, serum, 289
urticarial, 292

Rate of division, 43, 91
of movement, 45

Rats, 227, 241

RAYER, 28, 35

Reaction of medium, 81, 174, 175, 216

Reactions, biochemical, 87
immunity, 255, 269, 279, 292, 293
surface, 91

REAUMUR, 33

Receptors, 257, 258, 259, 261-280
as factors in immunity, 295
of first order, 262
free, 259, 261, 262
of second order, 265
tabulation of, 294
of third order, 273

Recurrent fever, 29, 35

Red corpuscles, 249, 278, 279

REDI, 19

Reducing actions, 112, 113
enzymes, 125

Refrigeration as antiseptic, 148

REINKE, 80

Relapses, 235

Relationships of bacteria, 37-40
biological, 255, 270

Rennet, 124

RENUCCI, 27, 34

Reproduction, 37, 63, 90

Resistance to disease, 241, 250
of spores, 50

Respiratory function, 88
tract, 246

Retarders, 143

Rheumatism, 245

_Rhizobium leguminosarum_, 65, 68, 69, 118

Rhizoid colonies, 222, 223

RHIZOPUS NIGRICANS, 226

RHODOBACTERIACEÆ, 63

_Rhodococcus_, 66, 69

RICHET, 289

Ricin, 262

RIDEAL, 165

Rideal-Walker method, 165

RIMPAU, 281

RINDFLEISCH, 29, 35

Ringworm, 28

Ripening of cheese, 32
of cream, 97

ROBIN, 262

Rock, phosphate, 115

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 242

ROGERS, 265

Röntgen rays, 79

Room temperature, 213

Rooms, disinfection of, 167
incubator, 213

Root tubercle bacteria, 86, 87, 108
tubercles, 117

ROSENAU, 289

Rot, potato, 28, 34

Round worm, 232

Roup, 244

ROUX, 30

Rubbing as inoculation, 195

Rust, grain, 26, 34

RUZICKA, 42

S

SACCATE liquefaction, 222

Safranin, 205

Saliva, 248

Salivary glands, 248

Sake, 100

Salt-rising bread, 95

Saprogenic, 102

Saprophilic, 103

Saprophyte, 87, 238

_Sarcina_, 57, 58, 60, 66, 68, 69
_lutea_, 77
_ventriculi_, 83

_Sarcoptes scabiei_, 27, 34

Sauerkraut, 98

Scarlet fever, 246, 248, 250

Scavengers, bacteria as, 108

SCHICK, 289

_Schistosomum hematobium_, 28, 35

SCHLÖSING, 32, 35

SCHÖNLEIN, 27, 34

SCHROEDER and DUSCH, 21

SCHULTZE, 21, 34

SCHWANN, 21, 31, 34

Sea, bacteria in, 71, 111

Sealing air-tight, 20

Secondary infection, 234

Sections, staining of, 209

Selective media, 198, 199

Self-limited, 233

SEMMELWEISS, 28, 35

Sensitization, 290

Sensitized animal, 290
bacteria, 254
vaccine, 254

Septicemias, hemorrhagic, 246

Sero-bacterins, 254

Serum, antidiphtheritic, 263
antitetanic, 263
heated, 271, 277, 279
rashes, 289
sickness, 289, 292
simultaneous method, 253
therapy, 253

Serums, cytolytic, failure of, 275

Sewage disposal, 101, 116
sulphate, reduction in, 114

Shape of spore, 48

Sickness, serum, 289, 292

Side-chain theory, 256, 258

Silkworm disease, 27, 29, 34, 35

Size of bacteria, 37, 40

Skatol, 104

Skin, channel of infection, 243
diseases, 243
glanders, 248
lesions, 228
pocket, 227

Slant cultures, 186

Slide, cleaning of, 207
hanging drop, 203
staining on, 207

Slope cultures, 186

Sludge tanks, 116

Small intestine, 249

Smallpox, 24, 26, 34, 239, 246, 248
babies, 252
vaccines, 253

SMITH, 289
tubes, 184

Snake poisons, 263, 275
venoms, 128

Sneezing, 248

Soap, 160
medicated, 160

Society of American Bacteriologists, classification, 63
descriptive chart, 217
key, 68

Sodium hypochlorite, 158

Soil, acid, 81
bacteria, 119
bacteriology, 35
enrichment, 117
fertility, 120
organisms, 74

Solid media, 172, 173

Solution, Gram’s, 208
stock, 205

Sore throat, 240, 241

Sound, 80

Sour mash, 98

Source of complement, 277

Souring, 98

SPALLANZANI, 20, 31, 34

Species determination, 59, 60

Specific amboceptor, 274, 278, 279
antibody, 291
chemical stimuli, 257, 258, 259
disease, 27, 30, 233

Specificity of agglutinins, 267
of amboceptor, 274
of location, 249
of opsonins, 281

Spermotoxin, 272

Spherical form, 52

_Spherotilus_, 63

_Spirillaceæ_, 63, 65

Spirilloses, 241, 242

_Spirillum_, 53, 54, 55, 61, 63, 66, 68, 69
_rubrum_, 113

_Spirochæta_, 61
_obermeieri_, 29, 35

Spirochetes, 53, 242

_Spirosoma_, 63

Splenic fever, 28

Split products of proteins, 291

Splitting enzymes, 124
of fats, 101

Spoilage of canned goods, 51, 78

Spoiling of food, 91

Spontaneous combustion, 105, 116
generation, 17-24, 33, 34
outbreaks of disease, 239

Sporangia, 226

Spore, 47-51
anthrax, 29, 35
capsule, 48
germination, 48

Spores, cause spoiling of canned goods, 51
destroyed by boiling, 133
first recognized, 33, 35
light on, 75
in pasteurization, 146
resistance of, 50, 51
staining of, 209
two in bacterium, 50

Sprinkling filters, 116

Stab cultures, 185

Stables, disinfection of, 167

Stain, anilin fuchsin, 205
gentian violet, 205
aqueous gentian violet, 205
Bismarck brown, 212
carbol fuchsin, 206
contrast, 205
Gabbet’s blue, 206
Loeffler’s blue, 206
Neisser’s, 212

Staining, 204-212
acid-fast bacteria, 209
bottles, 206
capsules, 210
cell forms, 212
groupings, 212
flagella, 210
Gabbet’s method, 209
Gram’s method, 208
metachromatic granules, 212
Neisser’s method, 212
Räbiger’s method, 210
reasons for, 204
sections, 209
spores, 209
Welch’s method, 210
Ziehl-Neelson, 210

Standard antitoxin, 264
methods, 217
test dose, 264
toxin, 264

Standardization, colorimetric method, 175
of culture media, 174
of disinfectants, 165
H-ion method, 175
of vaccines, 284

Staphylococcus, 57, 58

_Staphylococcus_, 66, 68, 69

STARIN, 196

Steam at air pressure, 134
sterilizers, 135
streaming, 135
under pressure, 136

_Stegomyia_, 242

Sterile, 131

Sterilization, 130
in canning, 133
discontinuous, 133
by filtration, 21, 152
first experiment by boiling (moist heat), 20
by chemicals, 21
by dry heat (hot air), 21
by filtration, 21

Sterilizers, pressure, 137
steam, 135

Stimuli, chemical, 257, 258, 259

Stock cars, 170
solutions, 205
vaccines, 285

Stomach, 246

Straight needles, 192

Stratiform liquefaction, 222

Strawberry poisoning, 292

Streak methods of isolation, 196
plates, 188

Streptobacillus, 53, 56

Streptococcus, 56, 60, 245

_Streptococcus_, 60, 62, 66, 68, 69

Streptospirillum, 55

Streptothrix, 38

_Streptothrix bovis_, 30, 36

Strict aërobe, 76
anaërobe, 76
parasite, 87

Structures, accidental, 43
cell, 41
essential, 41

Subcutaneous inoculation, 227

Subdural inoculation, 228

Substrate, 123

Successive existence, 103

Sugar broth, 176, 177

Sulphate reduction, 114

Sulphur bacteria, 63, 86, 115
deposits, 116
function of, 89
in proteins, 105

Summary in immunity, 295
Ehrlich’s theory, 259

Sunning, 148

Surface reactions, 91, 92

Surgical instruments, 167

Susceptibility, 235

Swine, 227

Symbionts, 87, 103

Symbiosis, 87

Synthetic media, 172, 183

Syphilitic antigen, 277, 279

Syphilis, 233, 245, 248, 249
Wassermann test, 277, 279

T

TABULATION of antigens and antibodies, 294

_Tænia solium_, 28, 35

Tapeworm, 28, 35, 232

Taxes, 203

Temperature conditions, 74
effect on growth, 213
factor in immunity, 251
room, 213

Test, complement deviation, 277
fixation, 276, 279
dose, 264
for enzymes, 123
Gruber-Widal, 268
mallein, 292
negative, 278
positive, 278
for toxins, 127
tuberculin, 292
Wassermann, 277, 279
Widal, 268

Testicle, 249

Tetanus, 231, 238, 243, 249, 251, 252
antitoxin, 252
toxin, 126

Tetracoccus, 57

Tetrad, 57

Texas fever, 232, 233, 242

THAER, 31

Theories of immunity, 256

Theory, anaphylaxis (author’s), 290-292
cellular, 256
chemical, 256
contagious disease, 34
contagium vivum, 25, 28, 33
Ehrlich’s, 256-260
exhaustion, 256
germ, 25
living cause, 33
mosquito, 25
noxious retention, 256
overproduction, 257, 258
phagocytosis, 256
side-chain, 256
spontaneous generation, 17
unfavorable environment, 256

Thermal death point, 75, 215

Thermophil bacteria, 75, 77

Thermoregulator, 213

Thermostat, 213

THIOBACTERIA, 63

_Thiothrix_, 63

Thread, 56

Thrombin, 124

Thrush, 27, 34, 244

Ticks, 241

TIEDEMANN, 26

Tinea, 28

Tissue contrast stains, 205

Titer, 268

Titration, 174

Tonsil, 245, 249

Tonsillitis, 245

TOUISSANT, 283

Toxin, diphtheria, 264
effect of temperature, 262
final test for, 127
in food poisoning, 104
molecule, 261, 262
standard, 264
tetanus, 264

Toxin-antitoxin method, 254

Toxins and enzymes compared, 127
as cell constituents, 84
production of, 126-128
of other organisms, 127
specific localization, 249
true, 128

Toxoid, 262

Toxophore group, 261, 262, 273

Tract, alimentary, 246

Transmission, accidental carriers in, 241
agency of, 232
of contagious diseases, 232
of disease, 26, 28, 35, 239
of glanders, 26, 34
of protozoal diseases, 242
of tuberculosis, 28, 29, 34, 35, 238

Transverse division, 54, 56

TRAUBE, 271

_Treponema pallidum_, 245

Trichina, 27

_Trichina spiralis_, 27, 34, 35

Trichinosis, 28, 35

Trichophyton, 243

_Trichophyton tonsurans_, 28, 34

Trimethylamine, 104

Tropical dysentery, 29
lands, 242

Tropisms, 203

True toxins, 128

Trypanosomes, 242

Trypanosomiases, 241, 243

Tubercle bacteria, 85, 209

Tuberculin reaction, 292, 293

Tuberculosis, 73, 233, 238, 245, 246, 248, 249
due to bacteria, 30
produced experimentally, 28, 34
proved infectious, 29, 35

Tuberculous milk, 248

Tubes, culture, 184
deep, 190
fermentation, 184, 190
Smith, 184
Vignal, 189

Two spores in a bacterium, 50

TYNDALL, 24

Tyndallization, 133

Tyndall’s box, 23, 24, 35

Typhoid bacilli, 73, 238
bacillus, 45
carriers, 239
fever, 231, 233, 248, 265, 268
transmission by flies, 242
vaccine, 254

Typhus, 242

Typical cell forms, 52

U

ULTRAMICROSCOPE, 204

Ultramicroscopic organisms, 234

Ultraviolet rays, 150

Unfavorable environment theory, 256

Unit of antitoxin, 264
of measurement, 40

Universal carrier, 240

Unorganized ferment, 126

Unwashable articles, 169

Urea, 106

Urease, 125

Urethral discharges, 248

Urine, 72

Urticarial rashes, 292

V

VACCINATION in chicken cholera, 30
negative phase in, 287
in pneumonia, 241
in smallpox, 26, 34, 253

Vaccine, 253
age of, 285
anthrax, 254
antigens for, 285
autogenous, 285
black-leg, 254
derivation of, 253
mixed, 285
polyvalent, 285
preservative in, 284
sensitized, 254
smallpox, 253

Vaccines, bacterial, 283
in colds, 241
dosage of, 286
in epidemics, 241
failure of, 285-286
in infections, 286
preparation of, 283
standardization of, 284
stock, 284
theory of, 286
use of, 283

Vacuoles, 42, 43, 44, 59

Vaginal discharges, 248

VARO, 25

VAUGHAN, 291

Vaughan and Novy’s mass cultures, 188

Vegetable toxins, 127, 128

Vegetables, forcing of, 117

Vehicles, disinfection of, 169

Venoms, antisnake, 275

VIBORG, 26, 34

Vibration, mechanical, 80

Vibrio, 33, 35, 53, 65, 68, 69
_choleræ_, 66, 73

Vignal tubes, 189

VILLEMIN, 29, 35

Villous growth, 219, 221

Vinegar, 99, 114

Virulence, 235

Virus, 234

Vultures, 241

W

WALKER, 165

Wall, cell, 41
composition of, 82, 83

WARDEN, 260

Washable articles, disinfection of, 169

Washing leukocytes, 281

Wassermann test, 277

Water, bacteria in, 73
filtration of, 153
purification of, 77, 150
sterilization of, 157

WEBB, 253

WEIGERT, 17, 30, 36, 42, 257, 258

Welch’s method of staining, 210

Whooping cough, 246, 250

WIDAL, 265
test, 268

Will o’ the wisp, 105

Wine, pasteurization of, 141

WINOGRADSKY, 32, 63, 86

Wire baskets, 184
nichrome, 193

WOLLSTEIN, 26, 34

WORONIN, 30, 36

Wound infections, 17, 25, 26, 27, 30, 34, 36, 233, 234, 240, 243, 248

WRIGHT, 280

X

X-RAYS, 79

_Xylinum, acetobacter_, 83

Y

YEAST, fermentation, 31, 34, 99, 100, 114
relation to bacteria, 37
reproduction of, 37, 39

Yellow fever, 242

Z

ZANZ, 18

ZENKER, 27, 28, 35

ZETTNOW, 43

ZIEMANN, 43

Ziehl-Neelson method of staining, 210

Ziehl’s solution, 206

Zoögloea, 44

Zoötoxins, 128

Zymase, 125

Zymogens, 121, 125

Zymophore group, 273

Transcriber’s Notes.

Punctuation has been standardised and simple typographical errors have been repaired. Hyphenation, quotation mark usage, and obsolete/variant spelling (including variant spellings of proper nouns) have been preserved as printed.

In the original book, the page numbering goes xiii, blank, unnumbered, 18. This is a printer’s error: no pages are missing.

The descriptive chart insert has been moved from between pages 216 and 217 to the end of the book.

The following changes have also been made:

Page 26: ‘this scourge which had devastated’
for ‘this scourge which had devasted’

Page 30: ‘to be the cause of a disease in cabbage,’
[added comma]

Page 32: ‘alcoholic, lactic and butyric’
for ‘alcoholic, lactic and butryic’

Page 32: ‘however, workers busied themselves’
for ‘however, workers, busied themselves’ [deleted extra comma]

Page 56: ‘Fig. 43.--Streptobacillus’
for ‘Fig. 43.--Steptobacillus’

Page 57: ‘from a genus of algæ’
for ‘from a genus of algae’

Page 58: ‘staphylococcus--irregular’
for ‘staphylococcus--irrgular’

Page 59: ‘so that it is impossible’
for ‘so that is is impossible’

Page 62: ‘Illustrates the genus Spirochæta’
for ‘Illustrates the genus Spirochaeta’

Page 63: ‘since it is without a sheath’
for ‘since it is without a a sheath’

Page 64: ‘Corynebacterium diphtheriæ’
for ‘Corynebacterium diphtheriae’

Page 67: ‘Prazmowski, 1880; anaërobic’
for ‘Prazmowski, 1880; anaerobic’

Page 70: ‘growth processes involving oxidation’
for ‘growth processes involving oxidadation’

Page 70: ‘EE--Anaërobes, rods swollen at sporulation’
for ‘EE--Anaerobes, rods swollen at sporulation’

Page 73: ‘percentage of water is permissible’
for ‘percentage of water is permissable’

Page 95: ‘Material taken from the bottom’
for ‘Material taken from the botton’

Page 102: ‘large-moleculed and not diffusible’
for ‘large-moleculed and not diffusable’

Page 104: ‘various kinds of “meat poisoning,”’
for ‘various kinds of “meat posisoning,”’

Page 106: ‘formed under anaërobic conditions’
for ‘formed under anaerobic conditions’

Page 110: ‘volatile fatty acids, ethereal’
for ‘volatile fatty acids, etheral’

Page 127: ‘but in much larger doses’
for ‘but in much large doses’

Page 131: ‘“antiseptic” may become a disinfectant’
for ‘“antiseptic” may become a disfectant’

Page 141: ‘quarantine station barge’
for ‘quaratine station barge’

Page 147: ‘A continuous milk pasteurizer.’
for ‘A continuous milk pastuerizer.’

Page 163: ‘especially when a large amount of material’
for ‘expecially when a large amount of material’

Page 179: ‘these must be sterilized’
for ‘these must be steriliized’

Page 191: ‘Deep tubes showing anaërobic’
for ‘Deep tubes showing anaerobic’

Page 193: ‘less than one-twentieth of platinum’
for ‘less than one-twentieth of platimum’

Page 207: ‘grease-free cloth, handkerchief’
for ‘grease-free cloth, handerchief’

Page 210: ‘Stain with Löffler’s blue’
for ‘Stain with Löffller’s blue’

Page 211: ‘slide to cause precipitates’
for ‘slide to cause preciptates’

Page 213: ‘grows at body temperature (37°)’
[added closing parenthesis]

Page 217: ‘working on a revision’
for ‘working on a revission’

Page 220: ‘inoculation for facultative anaërobes’
for ‘inoculation for facultative anërobes’

Page 231: ‘the unicellular microörganisms’
for ‘the unicellular micro-organisms’ [split across line]

Page 232: ‘unicellular pathogenic microörganisms’
for ‘unicellular pathogenic micro-organisms’ [split across line]

Page 233: ‘the fact of self-limitation’
for ‘the fact of self-limitaion’

Page 242: ‘the cattle tick (_Margaropus annulatus_).’
for ‘the cattle tick (_Margaropus annulatus_.)’

Page 244: ‘B. Mucosæ directly continuous’
for ‘f. Mucosæ directly continuous’

Page 245: ‘localized infection as in micrococcal, streptococcal’
for ‘localized infection as in micrococcal, strepococcal’

Page 248: ‘ELIMINATION OF PATHOGENIC MICROÖRGANISMS.’
for ‘ELIMINATION OF PATHOGENIC MICRO-ORGANISMS.’ [split across line]

Page 254: ‘sometimes added to attenuate’
for ‘sometimes added to attentuate’

Page 256: ‘Metchnikoff has since elaborated’
for ‘Metchinkoff has since elaborated’

Page 266: ‘This is analogous to what’
for ‘This is analagous to what’

Page 280: ‘other names, but ascribed’
for ‘other names, but asscribed’

Chart: ‘(10 minutes’ exposure in nutrient broth when this is adapted
to growth of organism)’
for ‘(10) minutes’ exposure in nutrient broth when this is adapted
to growth of organism)’

Page 299: ‘Allergic, 290’
[index entry was printed twice]

Page 308: ‘Foreign body pneumonia’
for ‘Foreignbody pneumonia’

Page 309: ‘oxidation of’
for ‘ox dation of’

Page 311: ‘Microspira’
for ‘Miscospira’

Page 311: ‘Microsporon’
for ‘Miscrosporon’

Page 314: ‘Plasmodiophora brassicæ’
for ‘Plasmodiophora bassicæ’

Page 317: ‘Starin, 196’
[index entry was printed between Standardization and Staphylococcus]

Page 318: ‘Thermostat’
for ‘Thermostadt’