Chapter XXVIII: Conclusion

For three and twenty years Robert Edwin Peary has knocked valiantly at the portals of Immortal Fame—that Castle Nowhere—whose glistening walls of eternal ice lie shimmering in the brilliant sun; whose jewelled towers and minarets catch the glint of sparkling rainbows.

The Gates at last have opened and the banquet hall is set. Wild Arctic melodies fall grandly upon the ear. The cannonade of glaciers thunders a salute. About the festive board stand the heroes of the past, according to their precedence and rank.

Hail! ye Iva Bardsen! Hail! ye early Norsemen and ye Danes! There stand the Cabots, John the father, Sebastian the bold son. There Sir Willoughby and Chancellor; and old Sir Humphrey Gilbert and a host of others. There Barentz, there Behring,—there Henry Hudson and old Baffin. Three hearty cheers for Von Wrangell, Ross and Parry and brave old Sir John Franklin! Crozier and his men line at attention and salute!

Ah! Elisha Kane, the beauty of a noble soul lies written in a gentle face. Francis Hall, thou dreamer, stand forth and welcome the arriving guest. German, Austrian, Norwegian and Italian, stand thou behind the board, lift high the diamond chalice and quaff the limpid draft in honour of the hero, for he comes.

In one voice, down the ages goes the cry, “_All praise to him who conquers!_” and Peary, entering, bows, and takes his seat.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Reprinted from _Farthest North_ by Charles Lanman. Copyright, 1885, by D. Appleton and Company.

[2] Navy ropes have certain threads of red or yellow, etc., laid in along with the yarns.

EXPLANATION OF TERMS

=Bay-ice=, or =young ice=, is that which is newly formed on the sea, and consists of two kinds, common bay-ice and _pancake_ ice; the former occurring in smooth, extensive sheets, and the latter in small, circular pieces, with raised edges.

=Beset= the situation of a ship when closely surrounded by ice.

A =bight= is a bay in the outline of the ice.

=Blink.= A peculiar brightness of the atmosphere, often assuming an archlike form, which is generally perceptible over ice or land covered with snow. The blink of land, as well as that over _large_ quantities of ice, is usually of a yellowish cast.

=Bore.= The operation of “boring” through loose ice consists in entering it under a press of sail, and forcing the ship through by separating the masses.

=Brash-ice= is still smaller than drift-ice, and may be considered as the wreck of other kinds of ice.

=Cache.= Literally a hiding-place. The places of deposit of provisions in Arctic travel are so called.

A =calf= is a portion of ice which has been depressed by the same means as a hummock is elevated. It is kept down by some larger mass, from beneath which it shows itself on one side.

=Drift-ice= consists of pieces less than floes, of various shapes and magnitudes.

=Field-ice=, or a field of ice, “is a sheet of ice so extensive that its limits cannot be discerned from the masthead of the ship.”

=Fiord.= An abrupt opening in the coastline, admitting the sea.

A =floe= is similar to a field, but smaller, inasmuch as its extent _can_ be seen.

=Glacier.= A mass of ice derived from the atmosphere, sometimes abutting on the sea.

=Heavy= and =light= are terms attached to ice, distinguishable of its thickness.

A =hummock= is a protuberance raised upon any plane of ice above the common level. It is frequently produced by pressure, where one piece is squeezed upon another, often set upon its edge, and in that position cemented by the frost. Hummocks are likewise formed by pieces of ice mutually crushing each other, the wreck being heaped upon one or both of them. To hummocks, principally, the ice is indebted for its variety of fanciful shapes and its picturesque appearance. They occur in great numbers in heavy packs, on the edges, and occasionally in the middle of fields and floes, where they often attain the height of thirty feet and upwards.

=Ice-belt.= A continued margin of ice, which, in high northern latitudes, adheres to the coast above the ordinary level of the sea.

=Iceberg.= A large mass of solid ice, generally of great height, breadth, and thickness.

=Ice-foot.= Ice attached to the land, either in floes or in heavy grounded masses lying near the shore.

=Ice-hook.= A small ice-anchor.

A =lane= or =vein= is a narrow channel of water in packs or other collections of ice.

A =lead= is an opening, large or small, through the ice, in which a vessel can be able to make some progress either by sailing, tracking, or towing.

=Nipped.= The situation of a ship when forcibly pressed by ice on both sides.

=Open-ice=, or =sailing-ice=, is where the pieces are so separated as to admit of a ship sailing conveniently among them.

A =pack= is a body of drift-ice, of such magnitude that its extent is not discernible. A pack is _open_ when the pieces of ice, though very near each other, do not generally touch, or _closed_ when the pieces are in complete contact.

A =patch= is a collection of drift or bay-ice of a circular or polygonal form. In point of magnitude, a pack corresponds with a field, and a patch with a floe.

=Pemmican.= Meat cured, pulverized, and mixed with fat, containing much nutriment in a small compass.

=Rue-raddy.= A shoulder-belt to drag by.

=Sconce= pieces are broken floes of a diameter less than half a mile; and, occasionally, not above a hundred or a few hundred feet.

=Sludge= consists of a stratum of detached ice crystals, or of snow, or of the smaller fragments of brash-ice, floating on the surface of the sea.

A =stream= is an oblong collection of drift or bay-ice, the pieces of which are continuous. It is called a _sea-stream_ when it is exposed on one side to the ocean, and affords shelter from the sea to whatever is within it.

=Land-ice= consists of drift-ice attached to the shore; or drift-ice which, by being covered with mud or gravel, appears to have recently been in contact with the shore; or the flat ice resting on the land, not having the appearance or elevation of icebergs.

=Tide-hole.= A well sunk in the ice for the purpose of observing tides.

A =tongue= is a point of ice projecting nearly horizontally from a part that is under water. Ships have sometimes run aground upon tongues of ice.

=Tracking.= Towing along a margin of ice.

=Water-sky.= A dark appearance in the sky, indicating “clear water” in that direction, and forming a striking contrast with the “blink” over land or ice.

INDEX

Abruzzi, Duke of, the, 425-430.

Adams, Captain, 451.

_Advance_, voyage of, 105, 108, 113;
second voyage, 198-200;
winters in Rensseläer Harbour, 202;
abandonment, 228.

_Advice_, voyage of, 103.

Albert, Prince of Monaco, 422.

Aldrich, Lieutenant, farthest, 325.

_Alert_, voyage of, 310;
high northing, 314;
winters at Floe-berg Beach, 315-324;
rejoins the _Discovery_, 326.

Alexai, 346, 351, 360.

_Alexander_, voyage of, 30.

Ambler, Dr. J. M., 346, 349, 352, 367.

_America_, voyage of, 430, 432, 433.

Amundsen, Anton, 410.

Amundsen, Captain Roald, successful navigation of Northwest Passage,
450-454.

Anderson, James, 185.

Andrée, Salamon August, 422-424.

Andreief, Lieutenant, 370.

Andriz, Claes, 17.

Anequin, 346.

Anjou, Lieutenant P. F., 25.

Archer, Lieutenant, surveys Archer Fiord, 326.

_Arctic_, in command of Lieutenant Hartstein, 232.

_Assistance_, in command of Captain Ommaney, 104, 109, 120;
in command, of Sir Edward Belcher, 141, 143, 179, 191.

Astrup, Eivind, 457, 459, 460.

Austin, Captain H. T., 104, 120, 122.

Austro-Hungarian expedition, 286.

Back, Captain G., search for Ross, 67;
explores Great Fish River, 71;
Back’s farthest, 72;
second voyage, 73;
land voyage with Franklin, 82, 85, 87, 88;
second land journey with Franklin, 90.

Bade, Captain, 424.

Baffin, 21.

Baldwin, Evelyn, 425, 430, 432, 459.

Baldwin-Ziegler expedition, 430-434.

Balto, the Lapp, 403.

Banman, Lieutenant Victor, 433.

Bardsen, Iva, 2.

Barnes, Captain, of _Sea Breeze_, 346.

Barentz, William, three voyages, 13-17.

Barnard, Lieutenant, murdered, 174.

_Barreto Junior_, 93.

Barry, Captain, 342.

Bartlett, Captain, 440.

Bauldry, Captain, of the _Helen Mar_, 346.

_Bear_, 398-400.

Beaumont, Lieutenant L. A., explores Greenland coast, 326.

_Bedford_, 80.

Beebe, William M. Jr., 379-380, 383.

Beechey, Captain, in command of _Blossom_, 60.

Behring, 21-24.

Belcher, Sir Edward, in command of search expedition, 141, 143, 148;
directs sledging parties, 174-177;
desertion of the ships, 179.

_Belgia_, 430, 432.

_Bellerophon_, 80.

Bellot, Lieutenant, French navy, 123, 127, 129, 131, 133, 136;
death of, 169-172.

Bender, 393.

Bennett, James Gordon, 345.

Berggren, Dr., 300.

Bessels, Dr. Emil, accompanies _Polaris_ expedition, 254;
sledge journey, 256.

Beverly, Surgeon, 32.

Biederbick, 392.

Billings, Captain, 25.

Birulja, A., 418.

_Bona Speranza_, in command of Sir Hugh Willoughby, 5.

_Bona Ventura_, in command of Richard Chancellor, 6.

Boothia Felix, 67.

Boothia Peninsula, examined by M’Clintock, 100.

Bore, Lieutenant G., Royal Italian navy, 304.

Bradley, John R., 470.

Brainard, D. L., 373;
highest north, 376, 385, 391, 394, 396.

Braskerud, 439, 441.

Brattelid, 2.

Bridgman, H. L., 440, 460, 464.

British expedition of 1875, 310.

Brown, Captain, in command of the _Delight_, 11.

Brunsneff, 421.

Buchan, 29-40.

Buddington, Captain S. O., in command _George Henry_, 243;
sailing master of _Polaris_, 254;
wreck of _Polaris_, 259;
winters Life Boat Cove, 261.

Bunge, Dr. A., 417.

Burrough, Stephen, 6;
discovers strait leading into Kara Sea and winters at Colomogro, 7.

Butler, Captain, 10.

Cabot, John, 3-4.

Cabot, Sebastian, 3-5.

Cagni, Captain Umberto, 426;
highest north, 428.

Cannon, Henry W., 464.

Cape Bounty, discovered by Parry, 42.

_Carcase_, in command of Phipps, 27.

Carlsen, Captain E., navigates the Sea of Kara, 268.

_Cato_, voyage of, 80.

Cator, Lieutenant Commander, of the _Intrepid_, 104.

Chamberlin, Professor T. C., 460.

Chancellor, Richard, 5;
reaches Bay of St. Nicholas, undertakes visit to Moscow, 6.

Chandler, Hon. W. E., 400.

Chipp, Lieutenant C. W., executive officer of the _Jeannette_, 345,
348;
abandonment of _Jeannette_, 351;
assigned to second cutter, 353;
lost, 357.

Christiansen, Hans, Eskimo interpreter for second Grinnell
expedition, 200, 208, 210, 219, 228;
accompanies _Polaris_ expedition, 254;
adrift on the ice floe, 260, 266.

Christensen, Eskimo, 375, 393.

Clavering, Captain, 57.

Coffin, Captain Edwin, 432.

Collins, Jerome J., 346, 351;
death, 360.

Collinson, Captain Richard, in command of _Enterprise_, 103.

Colwell, Lieutenant J. C., 381, 384, 395, 400.

Conway, Sir Martin, 421.

Cook, Captain, 28.

Cook, Dr. Frederick A., 457;
claims discovery of the Pole, 471-473.

Coppinger, Dr., 326.

Cortereals, Caspar, Miguel, Vasco, 7.

Crane, Zenas, 468.

Cresswell, Lieutenant, 148;
carries despatches from McClure to England, 149.

“Crimson Cliffs,” first mentioned by Captain John Ross, 31.

“Crocker Mountains,” 32.

Cross, Mrs. Susan J., 459.

Crozier, Captain F. R. M., 187.

Daly, Charles P., 335.

Daly, Maria, 335.

Danenhower, Lieutenant John W., 346, 349, 351, 364.

Davis, John, three voyages, 13.

_Dawn_, bark, 346.

Dawson, Lieutenant, 370.

Dease and Simpson, 73-75.

Diedrick, Dr., 440.

_Delight_, under Sir Humphrey Gilbert, 10.

De Long, Lieutenant George W., in command of the _Jeannette_
expedition, 345;
new lands, 350;
abandonment of the _Jeannette_, 351;
the retreat, 352;
Bennett Island, 353;
divides party, 353;
making for the Lena delta, 357;
lands, 358;
last days, 360.

Deshneff, 22.

Dicuil, 2.

Diebitsch, Emil, 462.

Dietrichson, O. C., 403, 406.

Digges, Sir Dudley, 19.

_Discovery_, in command of Henry Hudson, 19;
_Discovery_, voyage of, 310;
winters at Discovery Harbour, 314;
communicates with the _Alert_, 324;
return to England, 326.

_Dorothea_, voyage of, 33-40.

Dressler, 360.

Duffy, Seaman, 434.

Dunbar, William M., 346, 350.

_Dymphna_, 370.

_Eddystone_, 45.

Egerton, Lieutenant, 315, 320, 326.

Einarsfjord, 2.

Ekholm, 370.

Elison, 388-390-393;
death, 400.

Emory, Lieutenant, 399-400.

_Enterprise_, in command of Sir James Clark Ross, 95, 98;
under Captain Richard Collinson, 103, 166.

Entrikin, Samuel J., 459.

_Erebus_, in command of Sir John Franklin, 93;
last seen, 94.

Eriksen, Mylius, 451.

_Esther_, 335, 336, 342.

Fairholme, Lieutenant, 93.

_Falcon_, voyage of, 459, 460.

_Felix_, in command of Captain John Ross, 104, 123.

Fiala, Anthony, 432-434.

Fitzjames, 193.

Forsyth, Commander Charles C., 104.

_Forth_, convoy for Duchess of Angouleme, 81.

Fosheim, 441-443.

_Fox_, voyage of, 186.

_Fram_, Nansen’s voyage in the, 410-416;
four years’ voyage in command of Otto Sverdrup, 436-449.

Franaenkel, 422.

Franklin, John, 29;
early life, 79;
first land journey, 82;
land journey of 1825, 91-92;
government service, 92;
last journey of Sir John Franklin, 93;
traces of lost ships, 110-184;
record of Franklin expedition, 190-193.

Franklin, Lady Jane, 92;
offers reward for assistance to her husband, 102;
appeal to the United States, 104.

Frederick, 388-390, 393.

_Frithiof_, 430-434.

Frobisher, Martin, three voyages, 8.

Frozen Strait of Middleton, 47.

_Fury_, voyage of, 44-56;
abandoned, 51.

_Gabriel_, in command of Martin Frobisher, 8.

Gardiner, 392.

Garlington, Lieutenant E. A., 381, 384, 387.

_George Henry_, conveys Charles Francis Hall to Greenland, 180;
under Captain Buddington, 243.

Georgian Islands, later called Parry Islands, discovered, 43.

Gerlache, Captain, 430.

German expedition, first, 268;
second, 269;
beset, 279;
winters, 278;
remarkable journey of Lieutenant Payer, 281.

_Germania_, in command of Captain Koldeway, beset, 279;
winters, 281;
return, 285.

Gibson, Langdon, 457.

Giese, Dr., 370.

Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 10-13.

Gilder, W. H., 334, 340-344.

_Gjoa_, in command of Captain Roald Amundsen, 450-454.

_Gladen_, convoy, 300.

_Golden Hinde_, 10.

Goodsir, Dr., 103, 122.

Gore, Graham, 191-194.

Gore, Professor J. H., 422.

Görtz, 360.

Greely, A. W. (Major General U. S. A.), Lieutenant in command of the
Lady Franklin Bay expedition, 371;
explorations in Grinnell Land, 377;
first failure of relief ship, 379;
second failure of relief ship, 382;
abandonment of Fort Conger, 385;
the retreat, 386;
Cape Sabine, establishes Camp Clay, 387;
horrors of the winter, 380-392;
saved, 395-400.

Green, sailor, 20.

_Greenland_, yacht, in command of Captain Koldewey, 268.

Grinnell expeditions, first, in command of De Haven, 105, 119;
second, in command of Dr. Kane, 199;
winters in Rensseläer Harbour, 202;
sledging trips, 207;
effects of exhaustion and cold, 211;
Dr. Kane’s journey, 215;
illness of Dr. Kane, 219;
second winter in the ice, 223;
privation and sufferings, 225;
abandonment of _Advance_, 228;
death of Ohlsen, 229;
rescue, 230.

Grinnell, Henry, 105.

Grinnell Land, discovered, 115.

_Griper_, in command of Parry, 41;
in command of Clavering, 58.

Haddington, Lord, 92.

Hall, Charles Francis, early life, 243;
first trip to Arctic, discovers Frobisher relics, 244-255;
life with Eskimo, 246;
journey to King William Land, 248;
finds relics of Franklin, 251;
return to the United States, 253;
North Polar voyage, 254;
death of Hall, 255.

_Hansa_, second German expedition, 269;
wreck of, 274.

Hansen, Helmer, 450.

Hansen, Lieutenant Godfred, 450, 452.

Harber, Lieutenant Giles B., 364, 368.

Hartstein, Lieutenant, sent to the relief of Dr. Kane, 232-234.

De Haven, Lieutenant in command of first Grinnell expedition, 105.

Hayes, Dr. I. I., accompanies second Grinnell expedition, 213, 219;
in command of the _United States_, 235;
death of Sonntag, 236;
sledge journey to “Open Polar Sea,” 239;
journey in _Panther_, 242.

Hazen, General, 380, 384.

Hearne, discovers the Coppermine River, 28.

_Hecla_, in command of Parry, 41-56.

Hegemann, Fr., Captain, in command of the _Hansa_, 269.

Heiberg, Consul Axel, 436.

Heilprin, Professor, 458.

_Helen Mar_, whaler, 346.

Henry, 392, 399.

Henry VII, grants patent to Cabots, 3.

Henson, Matthew, 457, 459, 463.

Hepburn, John, 83, 123.

_Herald_, voyage of, 95, 149.

Hobson, Lieutenant, makes search for Franklin relics, 186, 197.

Hood, Robert, 82, 84;
death, 89.

_Hope_, 464.

Hoppner, Lieutenant, 51.

Horgaard, Lieutenant, 304, 370.

Hubbard, General Thomas H., 468.

Hudson, Henry, early voyages, 19;
last voyage, 20.

Hyde, Frederick E., 464.

Icy Cape, headland of Alaska, seen by Barentz, 16.

Iron Mountains, 460.

_Isabel_, in command of Captain Inglefield, R. N., 143-147;
in command of Mr. Kennedy, 148.

_Isabella_, under Ross and Parry, 30.

Isachsen, Lieutenant Ingvald, 436, 439, 442.

_Isbjorn_, in command of Lieutenant Weyprecht, 286.

Island of Cape Breton, seen by Cabots, 3.

Israel, 392.

Iversen, 360.

Jackman, Charles, 9.

Jackson, Frederick G., 416.

Jackson, J. P., 364.

_Jason_, 425.

_Jeannette_, in command of Captain De Long, 345;
beset, 347;
is sunk, 351;
relics found, 409.

_Jeannette_ expedition, 345-368.

Jens, Eskimo, 372.

Jensen, Heir Dongaad, 451.

Jesup, Morris K., 464.

Jewell, 393.

Johannsen, Captain, circumnavigates Nova Zembla, 268.

Johannesen, Frederick, 410, 413, 415.

_Juanita_, 346.

Kamchatka, 22.

Kane, Dr. Elisha Kent, U. S. N., 105;
describes escape from Wellington Channel, 113;
new lands, 115;
death, 234.

Kann, Dr. Leopold, 466.

Keemsdirk, Jacob, 16.

Kellett, Captain Henry, 95.

Kelley, Captain of the bark _Dawn_, 346.

Kennedy, Captain in command of _Prince Albert_, 123-129;
journey to Fury Beach, 138;
discovers Bellot Strait, 140.

King Alfred, 2.

King, Dr. Richard, 67, 72.

_Kite_, voyages of, 457, 458, 464.

Kjellman, F. R., 304.

Koldewey, Captain Karl, in command of _Germania_, 269, 271, 281, 284.

Kolomiezoff, Lieutenant, 418.

Koltschak, Lieutenant, 418-420.

_Lady Franklin_, in command of Mr. Penny, 103;
in command of Inglefield, 148.

Lady Franklin Bay expedition, 371-400.

Lanford, Captain, in command of _Polephemus_, 80.

Lerner, Theodor, 424.

Libbey, Professor William, 460.

Linstrom, Adolf, 450.

Lockwood, Lieutenant J. B., 372;
highest north, 376, 386;
death, 393.

Lok, Michael, patron of Frobisher, 8.

Long, Captain Thomas, 268.

Long, Sergeant, 391, 394, 398, 400.

_Lord Wellington_, Hudson Bay Company trader, 45.

Lowe, Chief Engineer, U. S. N., 398.

Lund, Auto, 450.

Lynn, 388-390.

Lyon, Lieutenant, 44, 48;
in command of _Griper_, 59.

Lyons, Admiral, 454.

Lytzen, 409.

Machuron, Alexis, 423.

Mackenzie, 28.

M’Clintock, explores coast line of Boothia Peninsula, 100;
sledge journey of 1851, 121;
in command of _Fox_, 186;
finds relics of Franklin’s expedition, 190-198.

McClure, Commander, 103;
accomplishes Northwest Passage, 148-168.

McLeod, employee of Hudson Bay Company, accompanies Captain Back, 68.

Maigaard, Christian, 456.

_Marian_, rescues the Kane party, 231.

Markham, Commander Albert H., second in command of the British
expedition of 1875, 311;
visits Life-boat Cove, 313;
autumn sledge journey, 315;
Markham’s farthest, 321.

Marvin, Professor Ross G., 473.

_Mathew_, voyage of, 3.

Melville, George W. (Rear Admiral United States Navy), Engineer of
the _Jeannette_, 346, 348, 350;
abandonment of the _Jeannette_, 351;
in command of whale boat, 353;
reaches mouth of Lena River, 358;
meets natives, 359;
Nindemann and Noros, 362;
winter search for De Long, 363;
spring search, 364-368;
to the relief of Greely, 399-400.

Melville, Right Honourable Viscount, 52.

“Meta Incognita,” discovered by Frobisher, 8;
mentioned by Hall, 244.

Meyer, Sergeant F., Signal Corps, U. S. A., with _Polaris_
expedition, makes record, 256.

_Michael_, sails in company with the _Gabriel_, under command of
Frobisher, 8.

Michaelmas Bay, so named by Hudson, 19.

Milne, Captain, 451.

Molinelli, Dr. Achille C., 426, 427, 428.

Moore, Captain, in command of _Plover_, 95.

Movements of Captain Austin’s squadron in spring of 1851, 121.

Murdock, sailing master, first Grinnell expedition, 105.

Muscovy Company, established by merchants of London, 4.

Nahorst, Dr. A. G., 422, 424.

_Nancy Dawson_, 96.

Nansen, F., 401;
first crossing of Greenland, 403-408;
plans North Polar voyage, 409;
adrift in the pack, 411;
leaves the _Fram_, 412;
highest north, 413;
the retreat, 414;
winter on Franz Joseph Land, 415;
meeting with Jackson, 416, 426, 436.

Nares, Captain George S., in command of the British expedition of
1875, 311;
visits Lifeboat Cove, 313;
winters Floe-berg Beach, 315;
organizes sledging parties, 321;
to the relief of Markham, 324.

_Nautilus_, 44.

Nelson, hero of Trafalgar, 27, 28.

_Neptune_, 379, 380, 384.

Newcomb, Raymond L., 346.

_New York Herald_, 345, 364, 470.

Nindemann, Seaman Wm. F. C., 346, 348, 350;
forced march, 360;
meets Melville, 362;
assists in search for De Long, 364, 366, 368.

Nordenskjöld, Baron A. E. von, first voyage, Spitzbergen, 299;
subsequent journeys, 300;
journey of 1875, 302;
voyage in the _Vega_, 304-308;
return of _Vega_, 309.

_Nordenskjöld_, the, 371.

Norman, 397.

Noros, L. P., 359, 361, 362, 364.

North Cape, 2.

_North Star_, 99;
winters in Wolstenholme Sound, 103-104;
attached to Sir Edward Belcher’s squadron, 140, 144, 169, 179.

Nova Scotia, supposed to be land first seen by Cabots, 3.

Ohlsen, accompanies second Grinnell expedition, 202, 204, 207, 213,
216;
death of, 229.

Ommaney, Captain, in command of _Assistance_, 104;
leaves record at Cape Riley, 109.

_Onkle Adam_, convoy, 300.

_Ornen_, balloon, 422.

Osborne, Sherard, in command of _Pioneer_, 104;
describes examination of Beechey Island, finds relics of _Erebus_
and _Terror_, 111.

Other, early adventurer, 2.

Otter, Count T. W. von, in command of _Sofia_, 299.

Palander, Lieutenant, 300;
commander of the _Vega_, 304.

Palliser, navigates Sea of Kara, 268.

_Pandora_, voyage of, 327-330;
second voyage, 332-334.

Parker, landed provisions for Franklin at Cape Hay, 103.

Parr, Lieutenant, 315, 323.

Parry, Lieutenant W. E., 29;
second voyage, 41;
passes 110° W., wins reward, 42;
discovers Parry Islands, 43;
third voyage, 44-51;
North Polar voyage, 52.

Paulsen, A., 370.

Pavy, Dr. D., 372;
sledge journey, 273, 392, 393.

Payer, Lieutenant Julius, of the second German expedition, journey
of, 283;
Austro-Hungarian expedition, 287;
sledge journey, 291;
farthest, 296;
return, 297.

Peary, Mrs., 457, 459.

Peary, Robert Edwin, early life, 455;
first journey, 456;
subsequent journeys, 457;
explores Greenland ice cap, 458;
summary of second voyage, 459;
journey of 1893, second journey across Greenland ice cap, 460;
summer voyages, 464;
secures the famous meteorite, 464;
first attempt to reach Pole, 464;
work at Fort Conger, 465;
record of 1899, 466;
record 1902, 467;
record 1906, 468;
announcement of discovery of the Pole, 471;
summary of the North Polar Expedition of Peary Arctic Club, 472.

Peary Arctic Club, 464, 467, 468, 472.

Peder, 442.

Pendulum Islands, discovered by Clavering, 280.

Penny, Captain, of whaling ship _Advice_, 103.

Pet, Arthur, voyage of, 9.

Peterman, Dr. A., promotes first German expedition, 268.

Peters, William J., 432.

Petersen, 316;
death, 320.

Phipps expedition, 27-28.

_Phœnix_, in command of Inglefield, 148.

Pim, Lieutenant, 167.

_Pioneer_, in command of Sherard Osborne, 141.

_Plover_, in command of Captain Moore, 95, 96, 149.

_Polaris_, under Captain Hall, 254;
under Captain Buddington, 256;
wreck of, 259;
separation of crew, 261.

_Polephemus_, 80.

_Polhem_, in command of Lieutenant Palander, 300.

Porden, Anne, first wife of Sir John Franklin, 81, 90.

_Porpoise_, 80.

“Prima Terra Vesta,” mainland of North America, so named by Cabots, 3.

_Prince Albert_, in command of Captain Forsyth, 104-106;
in command of Kennedy, 123, 140.

_Prince of Wales_, trader, 45, 82, 94.

Privy Purse expenses for purchase of Newfoundland, 3.

_Proteus_, conveys the Lady Franklin Bay expedition to Fort Conger,
371;
to the relief, 381;
sunk, 384, 387, 397.

Pullen, Lieutenant, 96.

Pytheas, early adventurer, 2.

Queen Elizabeth’s Foreland, discovered by Frobisher, 8.

Querini, T., 426, 428.

_Racehorse_, in command of Phipps, 27.

Rae, Dr. John, overland journey, 75-78;
search for Franklin, 141;
finds traces, 184.

_Ragnvald Jarl_, 424.

_Rainbow_, in command of Sir John Franklin, 92.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 10.

Rasmussen, Knut, 451.

_Rattlesnake_, under Commander Trollope, 148.

Ravna, the Lapp, 403.

Rawson, Lieutenant, 315, 318, 325, 326.

Ray, Lieutenant, 370.

Red Cliff House, 457.

Reid, 122.

_Release_, in command of Lieutenant Hartstein, sent to relief of Dr.
Kane, 232.

_Resolute_, in command of Captain H. T. Austin, 104;
under Captain Kellett, 141;
story of the, 180.

_Retribution_, 182.

Rice, Sergeant, 373, 388;
death, 393.

Rink, Dr. H., 409.

Ristvedt, 452.

Robinson, Lieutenant, reaches Cresswell Bay, 101, 130.

_Rogers_, burned, 368.

_Roosevelt_, 467, 469.

Roosevelt, Theodore, 464.

Ross, Captain John, first voyage, 29-32;
second voyage, 61-67;
search for Sir John Franklin, 123.

Ross, James Clark, discovers North Magnetic Pole, 63;
in command of _Enterprise_ and _Investigator_, in search for Sir
John Franklin, 95.

Ryder, Lieutenant, 437.

Sabine, takes observations on Pendulum Islands, 58.

Sacheuse, John, Eskimo, 30.

_St. Peter_, 24.

_Sarya_, 418-421.

Schalaroff, 25.

Schei, 442.

Schileiko, Lieutenant, 418.

Schley, Winfield Scott (Rear Admiral, United States Navy), 382, 395,
400.

Schuetze, W. H., 364-368.

Schwatka, Lieutenant Frederick, land journey, 334;
finds Franklin relics, 339;
finds M’Clintock record, 340;
the return, 340.

Scoresby, 57.

Scott-Hansen, Lieutenant Sigurd, 410.

_Sea Breeze_, American whale bark, 346.

_Search-thrift_ in command of Stephen Burrough, 6.

Seeberg, 421.

Sheldon, Robert, 96.

Simmons, Herman Georg, 436.

Simpson and Dease, 73-75.

Slaradoubzov, Sawa, 24.

Snellen, Dr., 370.

Smith, Leigh, 302.

Snow, W. P., 104, 106, 108.

_Sofia_, in command of Count F. W. von Otter, 299;
high northing, 300.

“Somerset House,” 65.

Sonntag, 206;
death, 236.

_Sophia_, in command of Penny, 103.

Speckman, Sergeant, 49.

_Squirrel_, 10-12.

Stadling, J., 424.

Steen, Aksel, S., 370.

Stein, Dr. Robert, 466.

_Stella Polare_, in command of the Duke of the Abruzzi, 426-430.

Stephenson, George, 229.

Stewart, Marshall J., 122.

Strindberg, 422.

Sutherland, Dr., 122.

Svendsen, Dr. Johan, 438.

Sverdrup, Otto, 403-408;
Captain of the _Fram_, 410-412;
second voyage in command of _Fram_, 435;
sledge journey, 441, 443, 447, 449.

_Swallow_, 10-12.

_Talbot_, 179.

Tchitschagof, Admiral, attempts to round Spitzbergen in 1764, 25.

_Tegetthoff_, Austro-Hungarian expedition, 286-297, 368.

_Terra Nova_, 434.

_Terror_, in command of Captain Back, 73;
in command of Sir John Franklin, 93.

_Lord Wellington_, the, trader, 45.

_Thetis_, voyage of, 395-400.

_Thyra_, 403.

_Tigress_, in command of Captain Bartlett, 266, 346.

Toll, Baron E. von, 417, 421.

Torell, Otto, geologist, 298.

Trana, Kristian, 403.

Trollope, Commander, 148.

Tschirikov, Captain, 22.

Tyson, Captain George, 255;
adrift on ice-floe, 262;
rescue, 266.

_Valorous_, 311, 312.

_Varna_, 370.

Veer, Gerard de, 16.

_Vega_, voyage of, 303-309, 346.

Verhoeff, John M., 457.

_Victory_, in command of Captain John Ross, 61;
abandoned, 64.

_Victory_, 183.

_Viking_, 402.

Vincent, Dr. Edward E., 459.

Walter, Dr., 420.

Wardhuys, 5.

Warmbath, Samuel, 466.

Waxall, 24.

Wellman, Walter, 424-425.

Weyprecht, Lieutenant Karl, sails in _Isbjorn_, 286;
in command of Austro-Hungarian expedition, 287-297, 368.

Wildes, Commander Frank, 381, 383.

Willoughby, Sir Hugh, 5.

_Windward_, 416, 465, 466.

Wohlgemuth, Lieutenant, 370.

Wolstenholme, Sir John, 19.

Wrangell, Admiral von, 25-27.

Wulfstan, early adventurer, 2.

_Yantic_, voyage of, 381-384.

_Ymer_, 303.

Young, Allen, voyage in the _Fox_, 186;
sledge journey, 198;
voyage in _Pandora_, 327-331;
second voyage in _Pandora_, 332-334.

Zeno, Niccolò, 8.

Zichnmi, 8.

Ziegler, William, 430-432.

* * * * *

BY AGNES C. LAUT

=Pathfinders of the West=

=BEING THE THRILLING STORY OF THE ADVENTURES OF THE MEN WHO DISCOVERED THE GREAT NORTHWEST, RADISSON, LA VÉRENDRYE, LEWIS, AND CLARK=

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* * * * *

=Vikings of the Pacific=

=A CONTINUATION OF “PATHFINDERS OF THE WEST”=

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* * * * *

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* * * * *

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_Cloth, imperial 8vo, gilt top, $2.50 net_

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* * * * *

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* * * * *

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* * * * *

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Mr. Lucas in his wanderings in many lands plays the part of an intellectual lecturer absorbing the atmosphere of the country and the soul of its people rather than that of a hustling reporter content with diagrammatic descriptions. He is as much at home in Paris as he is in his native London, and he enters into the life of the Parisians with the same intimacy and the same charm that have characterized all his previous works. The volume is profusely illustrated.

* * * * *

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