Chapter C: A. Bristed (7)

Rop"er (?), n. 1. A maker of ropes. P. Plowman.

2. One who ropes goods; a packer.

3. One fit to be hanged. [Old Slang] Douce.

Rop"er*y (?), n. 1. A place where ropes are made.

2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. [Obs.] "Saucy merchant . . . so full of his ropery." Shak.

Rope's"-end` (?), v. t. To punish with a rope's end.

Rope"walk` (?), a. A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are manufactured.

Rope"walk`er (?), n. A ropedancer.

Rope"-yarn` (?), n. the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are made.

Rop"i*ly (?), adv. In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.

Rop"i*ness, n. Quality of being ropy; viscosity.

Rop"ish, a. Somewhat ropy.

Rop"y (?), a. capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees.

Roq"ue*laure (?; 277), n. [F.; so called after Duc de Roquelaure, in the reign of Louis XIV.] A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in the 18th century. [Written also roquelo.]

Ro*quet" (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain] (Croquet) To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball.

Ro*quet", v. i. To hit another's ball with one's own.

Ro"ral (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. [R.] M. Green.

Ro*ra"tion (?), n. [L. roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew, fr. ros dew.] A falling of dew. [R.]

Ro"ric (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy.

Roric figures (Physics), figures which appear upon a polished surface, as glass, when objects which have been near to, or in contact with, the surface are removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also Moser's images.

Ro"rid (?), a. [L. roridus, fr. ros, roris, dew.] Dewy; bedewed. [R.] T. Granger.

Ro*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. rorifer; ros, roris, dew + ferre to bear: cf. F. rorifère.] generating or producing dew. [R.]

Ro*rif"lu*ent (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew + fluens, p. pr. of fluere to flow.] Flowing with dew. [R.]

Ror"qual (?), n. [Norw. rorqualus a whale with folds.] (Zoöl.) A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Balænoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback.

It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes becoming nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more slender than the right whales, and is noted for its swiftness. The name is sometimes applied to other related species of finback whales.

Ro"ru*lent (?), a. [L. rorulentus, from ros, roris, dew.] 1. Full of, or abounding in, dew. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.) Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew.

Ro"ry (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Dewy. [R.]

And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet.

Fairfax.

Ro*sa"ceous (?), a. [L. rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceæ) of which the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service trees, and quinces. (b) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla.

2. Of a pure purpish pink color.

Ro*sac"ic (?), a. [See Rosaceous.] (Old med. Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See Uric. [Obs.]

Ro*sal"gar (?), n. realgar. [Obs.] chaucer.

||Ro*sa"li*a (?), n. [Cf. F. rosalie.] (Mus.) A form of melody in which ||a phrase or passage is successively repeated, each time a step or ||half step higher; a melodic sequence.

Ros*an"i*line (? or ?), n. [Rose + aniline.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper.

Ro*sa"ri*an (?), n. A cultivator of roses.

Ro"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Rosaries (#). [LL. rosarium a string of beads, L. rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F. rosaire. See Rose.] 1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. "Thick rosaries of scented thorn." Tennyson.

2. (R.C.Ch.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted.

His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his prayers.

Milton.

A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade contains ten Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked by a larger bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a chaplet, a third part of the rosary. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections.

Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of good works to
present to God at night.

Jer. Taylor.

4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny.

Rosary shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Monodonta. They are top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly.

Ros"cid (?), a. [L. roscidus, fr. ros, roris, dew.] Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. [R.] Bacon.

Ros"coe*lite (?), n. [From an English chemist, H.E. Roscoe + -lite.] (Min.) A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium.

Rose (?), imp. of Rise.

Rose, n. [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. &?;, Armor. vard, OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf. Copperas, Rhododendron.] 1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere

Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every class.

2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Sha.

3. (Arch.) A rose window. See Rose window, below.

4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump.

5. (Med.) The erysipelas. Dunglison.

6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments.

7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.

8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below.

Cabbage rose, China rose, etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. -- Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica. -- Rose acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia hispida) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) Same as Rosaniline. -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. -- Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The European chafer. -- Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer. -- Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. -- Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion. -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise. <! p. 1252 !> -- Rose de Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a delicate rose color used on Sèvres porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. -- Rose ear. See under Ear. -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. -- Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines. Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous. -- Rose fever (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose chafer. -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar. -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt. -- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. -- Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott. -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China. -- Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also resurrection plant. - - Rose of Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the Bible the name is used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. -- Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose- red. -- Rose rash. (Med.) Same as Roseola. -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black sawfly (Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive. -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. Cf. wheel window, under Wheel. -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged. -- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York, and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.

Rose (?), v. t. 1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] "A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty." Shak.

2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson.

Ro"se*al (?), a. [L. roseus, fr. rosa a rose.] resembling a rose in smell or color. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Ro"se*ate (?), a. [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See Roseal, Rose.] 1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers.

2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips.

Roseate tern (Zoöl.), an American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) whose breast is roseate in the breeding season.

Rose"bay` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) the oleander. [Obs.] (b) Any shrub of the genus Rhododendron. [U.S.] (c) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also great willow herb.

Rose"bud` (?), n. The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.

Rose"bush` (?), n. The bush or shrub which bears roses.

Rose"-col`ored (?), a. 1. Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink color.

2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations.

Rose"-cut` (?), a. Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets in rows; - - said of diamonds and other precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n.

Rose"drop`, n. 1. A lozenge having a rose flavor.

2. A kind of earring. Simmonds.

3. (Med.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom.

Rose"finch (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is more or less colored with rose red.

Rose"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large marine scorpænoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. called also red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and bergylt.

When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or orange-red; the young are usually mottled with red and ducky brown.

Rose"head` (?), n. 1. See Rose, n., 4.

2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a head.

Ro"se*ine (? or ?), n. See Magenta.

Ro"se*lite (?), n. [From the German mineralogist G. Rose + -lite.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals, allied to erythrite.

||Ro"sel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zoöl.) A beautiful ||Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. ||The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the ||back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow.

Ro*selle" (?), n. (Bot.) a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink.

Rose`mal"oes (?), n. [From the native name; cf. Malay rasamla the name of the tree.] The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar orientalis.

Rose"ma*ry (?), n. [OE. rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros dew (cf. Russ. rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr. rasa juice) + marinus marine: cf. F. romarin. In English the word has been changed as if it meant the rose of Mary. See Marine.] A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy.

There's rosemary, that's for remembrance.

Shak.

Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in cold swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b) See under Marsh. -- Rosemary pine, the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly.

Ros"en (?), a. Consisting of roses; rosy. [Obs.]

Ro"sen*mül`ler's or"gan (?). [So named from its first describer, J. C. Rosenmüller, a German anatomist.] (Anat.) The parovarium.

Ro"se*o- (?). (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-.

||Ro*se"o*la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.) A ||rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed ||patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and ||reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by ||an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash. -- ||Ro*se"o*lous (#), a.

Rose"-pink` (?), a. 1. Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose.

2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence, sentimental. "Rose-pink piety." C. Kingsley.

Ros"er (?), n. A rosier; a rosebush. [Obs.]

Rose"-red` (?), a. Red as a rose; specifically (Zoöl.), of a pure purplish red color. Chaucer.

Rose"-ri`al (?), n. [See Rose, and Royal.] A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different values; a rose noble.

Rose"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort; -- so called because the roots have the odor of roses.

Ros"er*y (?), n. A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See Rosary, 1.

Ro"set (?), n. [F. rosette. See Rosette.] A red color used by painters. Peacham.

Ro-set"ta stone` (?). A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Brande & C.

Ro*set"ta wood` (?). An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for cabinetwork. Ure.

Ro*sette (?), n. [F., dim. of rose a rose. Cf. Roset.] 1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge.

2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration.

3. A red color. See Roset.

4. A rose burner. See under Rose.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. (b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard.

Rose" wa`ter (?). Water tinctured with roses by distillation.

Rose"-wa`ter, a. Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental. "Rose-water philanthropy." Carlyle.

Rose"wood (?), n. A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra.

African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees (Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina). -- New South Wales rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related to the margosa.

Rose"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially Cacæcia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and devours both the leaves and buds.

Rose"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Roseroot. (b) Any plant nearly related to the rose. Lindley.

Ros`i*cru"cian (?), n. [The name is probably due to a German theologian, Johann Valentin Andreä, who in anonymous pamphlets called himself a knight of the Rose Cross (G. Rosenkreuz), using a seal with a St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)] One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years.

The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy Cross, Rosy-cross Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.

Ros`i*cru"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.

Ros"ied (?), a. Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses.

Ro"sier (?), n. [F., fr. L. rosarius of roses. Cf. Rosary.] A rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.]

Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier.

Spenser.

Ros"i*ly (?), adv. In a rosy manner. M. Arnold.

Ros"in (?), n. [A variant of resin.] The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony.

Rosin oil, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine tree, -- used by painters and for lubricating machinery, etc.

Ros"in, v. t. To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin.

Or with the rosined bow torment the string.

Gay.

Ros"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being rosy.

Ros"in*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The compass plant. See under Compass. (b) A name given in California to various composite plants which secrete resins or have a resinous smell.

Ros"in*y (?), a. like rosin, or having its qualities.

Ros"land (?), n. [W. rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.] heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land. [prov. Eng.]

Ros"ma*rine` (?), n. [OE. See Rosemary.] 1. Dew from the sea; sea dew. [Obs.]

That purer brine And wholesome dew called rosmarine.

B. Jonson.

2. Rosemary. [Obs.] Spenser. "Biting on anise seed and rosmarine." Bp. Hall.

Ros"ma*rine, n. [Norw. rosmar a walrus; ros a horse (akin to E. horse) + (probably) mar the sea.] A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew.

And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme.

Spenser.

Ro*sol"ic (?), a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin.

Ross (?); 115), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

Ross, v. t. To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark. [Local, U.S.]

Ros"sel (?), n. Light land; rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

Ros"sel cur`rent (?). [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.] (Oceanography) A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Ros"sel*ly (?), a. Loose; light. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Rost (?), n. See Roust. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Ros"tel (?), n. [L. rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf. F. rostelle.] same as Rostellum.

Ros*tel"lar (?), a. Pertaining to a rostellum.

Ros"tel*late (?), a. [NL. rostellatus.] Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak.

Ros*tel"li*form (?), a. Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak.

||Ros*tel"lum (?), n.; pl. Rostella (#). [L. See Rostel.] A small ||beaklike process or extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the ||rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum of many ||mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm.

Ros"ter (?), n. [Perhaps a corruption of register; or cf. roll.] (Mil.) A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.

Ros"tra (?), n. pl. See Rostrum, 2.

Ros"tral (?), a. [L. rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F. rostral.] Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations.

[Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments.

Addison.

{ Ros"trate (?), Ros"tra*ted (?) }, a. [L. rostratus, fr. rostrum a beak. See Rostrum.] 1. Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate.

2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys.

||Ros*trif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rostrum beak + ferre to bear.] ||(Zoöl.) A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head ||prolonged into a snout which is not retractile.

Ros"tri*form (?), a. [L. rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F. rostrifarme.] Having the form of a beak.

||Ros"tru*lum (-tr*lm), n.; pl. Rostrula (#). [NL., dim. of L. rostrum ||a beak.] A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect.

Ros"trum (-trm), n.; pl. L. Rostra (#), E. Rostrums (#). [L., beak, ship's beak, fr. rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See Rodent.] 1. The beak or head of a ship.

<! p. 1253 !>

2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators.

3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker.

Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor.

Addison.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. (d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn.

5. (Bot.) Same as Rostellum.

6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Quincy.

7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. [Obs.] Coxe.

Ro"su*late (?), a. [NL. rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.] (Bot.) Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and bracts.

Ros"y (?), a. [Compar. Rosier (?); superl. Rosiest.] Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned with roses.

A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue.

Milton.

While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed.

Prior.

Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of self&?;xplaining compounde; as, rosy-bosomed, rosy- colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy- tinted.

Rosy cross. See the Note under Rosicrucian, n.

Rot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotting.] [OE. rotien, AS. rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov. G. rotten, OHG. rozz&?;n, G. rösten to steep flax, Icel. rotna to rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne, Icel. rottin rotten. &radic;117. Cf. Ret, Rotten.] 1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay.

Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition,
propagate, and rot.

Pope.

2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt.

Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.

Macaulay.

Rot, poor bachelor, in your club.

Thackeray.

Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.

Rot, v. t. 1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber.

2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.

Rot, n. 1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction.

2. (Bot.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below.

3. [Cf. G. rotz glanders.] A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2.

His cattle must of rot and murrain die.

Milton.

Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the fungus Glæosporium fructigenum. F. L. Scribner. -- Black rot (Bot.), a disease of grapevines, attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus Læstadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner. -- Dry rot (Bot.) See under Dry. -- Grinder's rot (Med.) See under Grinder. -- Potato rot. (Bot.) See under Potato. -- White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus Coniothyrium diplodiella. F. L. Scribner.

||Ro"ta (?), n. [L. rota wheel. The name is said to allude to the ||design of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which ||was that of a wheel. See Rotary.] 1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, ||called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It ||consists of twelve members.

2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament.

Ro"ta (?), n. (Mus.) A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta.

Ro"ta*cism (?), n. See Rhotacism.

Ro"tal (?), a. Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.]

Ro"ta*lite (?), n. [L. rota wheel + -lite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See Illust. under Rhizopod.

Ro"ta*ry (?), a. [L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. barouche, Rodomontade, Roué, Round, a., Rowel.] Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion.

Rotary engine, steam engine in which the continuous rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action of the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons, instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also rotatory engine. -- Rotary pump, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or pistons. -- Rotary shears, shears, as for cloth, metal, etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting. -- Rotary valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial rotation, as in the four-way cock.

Ro"ta*scope (?), n. [L. rota a wheel + -scope.] Same as Gyroscope, 1.

Ro"tate (?), a. [L. rotatus, p. p. of rotare to turn round like a wheel, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Roue.] Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short one.

Ro"tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rotating.] 1. To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve.

2. To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office in turn; as, to rotate in office.

Ro"tate, v. i. 1. To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle.

2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in office. [Colloq.] "Both, after a brief service, were rotated out of office." Harper's Mag.

Ro"ta*ted (?), a. Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.

Ro*ta"tion (?), n. [L. rotatio: cf. F. rotation.] 1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.

2. Any return or succesion in a series.

Moment of rotation. See Moment of inertia, under Moment. -- Rotation in office, the practice of changing public officers at frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions. -- Rotation of crops, the practices of cultivating an orderly succession of different crops on the same land.

Ro*ta"tion (?), a. Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.

Ro"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. rotatif.] turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational.

This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an equatorial
rise of the solar atmosphere.

Siemens.

Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the reciprocating motion of the piston is transformed into a continuous rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a working beam and crank, or an oscillating cylinder.

Ro*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. (Anat.) that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its axis.

2. (Metal.) A revolving reverberatory furnace.

||Ro`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Rotifera.

Ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. rotatoire. See Rotate, Rotary.] 1. Turning as on an axis; rotary.

2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. Burke.

3. (Opt.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. Nichol.

Ro"ta*to*ry, n. (Zoöl.) A rotifer. [R.] Kirby.

Rotche (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called also little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove.

Rotch"et (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European red gurnard (Trigla pini).

Rote (?), n. A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Rote (?), n. [OE. rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG. rotte, OHG. rota, hrota, LL. chrotta. Cf. Crowd a kind of violin.] (Mus.) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.

Well could he sing and play on a rote.

Chaucer.

extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes.

Sir W. Scott.

Rote, n. [Cf. Rut roaring.] The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut.

Rote, n. [OF. rote, F. route, road, path. See Route, and cf. Rut a furrow, Routine.] A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Swift.

till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote.

Chaucer.

Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell.

Shak.

Rote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roting.] To learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] Shak.

Rote, v. i. To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] Z. Grey.

Ro*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of rota wheel; cf. LL. rotella a little whell.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas.

Rot"gut (?), n. 1. Bad small beer. [Slang]

2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. [Slang]

Roth"er (?), a. [AS. hryðer; cf. D. rund.] (Zoöl.) Bovine. -- n. A bovine beast. [Obs.] Shak.

Rother beasts, cattle of the bovine genus; black cattle. [Obs.] Golding. -- Rother soil, the dung of rother beasts.

Roth"er, n. [OE. See Rudder.] A rudder.

Rother nail, a nail with a very full head, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by shipwrights.

Ro"ti*fer (?; 277), n. [NL. see Rotifera.] (Zoöl.) One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.

||Ro*tif"e*ra (?), n.; pl. [NL., from L. rota &?; wheel + ferre to ||bear.] (Zoöl.) An order of minute worms which usually have one or two ||groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often ||give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very ||numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and ||habits.

Ro"ti*form (?), a. [L. rota wheel + -form.] 1. Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages.

2. (Bot.) Same as Rotate.

Rot"ta (?), n. (Mus.) See Rota.

Rot"ten (?), a. [Icel. rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan. radden. See Rot.] Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Hence: (a) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting.

You common cry of curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten
fens.

Shak.

(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. "The deepness of the rotten way." Knolles.

Rotten borough. See under Borough. -- Rotten stone (Min.), a soft stone, called also Tripoli (from the country from which it was formerly brought), used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to other friable siliceous stones applied to like uses.

Syn. -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound; corrupt; deceitful; treacherous.

-- Rot"ten*ly, adv. -- Rot"ten*ness, n.

||Rot"u*la (?), n. [L., a little wheel; cf. It. rotula.] (Anat.) The ||patella, or kneepan.

Rot"u*lar (?), a. [L. rotula, dim. of rota wheel.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan.

Ro*tund" (?), a. [L. rotundus. See Round, and cf. Rotunda.] 1. Round; circular; spherical.

2. Hence, complete; entire.

3. (Bot.) Orbicular, or nearly so. Gray.

Ro*tund", n. A rotunda. [Obs.] Burke.

Ro*tun"da (?), n. [Cf. It. rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr. L. rotundus round. See Rotund, a.] (Arch.) A round building; especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington.

Ro*tund"ate (?), a. Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners.

Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. rotundus round + folium a leaf.] (Bot.) Having round leaves.

Ro*tund"i*ty (?), n. [L. rotunditas: cf. F. rotondité.] 1. The state or quality of being rotu&?;; roundness; sphericity; circularity.

Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world!

Shak.

2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness.

For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it
passeth for a full thousand.

Fuller.

A boldness and rotundity of speech.

Hawthorne.

Ro*tund"ness, n. Roundness; rotundity.

Ro*tun"do (?), n. See Rotunda.

Ro*tur"er (?), n. A roturier. [Obs.] Howell.

||Ro`tu`rier" (?), n. [F.] A person who is not of noble birth; specif., ||a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land.

Rot"y (?), v. t. [See Rot.] To make rotten. [Obs.]

Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard, Than that it roty all the
remenant.

Chaucer.

||Rou"ble (?), n. A coin. See Ruble.

Rouche (?), n. See Ruche.

||Rou`é" (?), n. [F., properly p. p. of rouer to break upon the wheel, ||fr. roue a wheel, L. rota. See Rotate, Rotary.] One devoted to a life ||of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.

||Rou`et" (?), n. [F.] A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of ||firelocks for discharging them. Crabb.

Rouge (?), a. [F., fr. L. rubeus red, akin to rubere to be red, ruber red. See Red.] red. [R.]

||Rouge et noir (&?;) [F., red and black], a game at cards in which ||persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called because the ||table around which the players sit has certain compartments colored ||red and black, upon which the stakes are deposited. Hoyle.

Rouge, n. [F.] 1. (Chem.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc.

2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. Ure.

Rouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rouging .] To paint the face or cheeks with rouge.

Rouge, v. t. To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.

Rouge`croix" (? or ?), n. [F., literally, red cross.] (Her.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

Rouge" drag`on (?), n. [F., literally, red dragon.] (Her.) One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

<! p. 1254 !>

Rough (?), a. [Compar. Rougher (?); superl. Roughest.] [OE. rou&?;, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r&?;h; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r&?;h, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. &radic; 18. Cf. Rug, n.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. "Rough, uneven ways." Shak.

(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water.

More unequal than the roughest sea.

T. Burnet.

(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough." Dryden. "Roughsatyrs." Milton.

2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.

A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.

Shak.

A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.

Prior.

(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions.

On the rough edge of battle.

Milton.

A quicker and rougher remedy.

Clarendon.

Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and
imperious usage often produces.

Locke.

(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope.

(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.

He stayeth his rough wind.

Isa. xxvii. 8.

Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.

Shak.

(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.

Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior. -- Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. "The rough and ready understanding." Lowell.

(b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." Tylor.

Rough, n. 1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher.

2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.

In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.

Contemplating the people in the rough.

Mrs. Browning.

Rough, adv. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their
boats.

Sir W. Scott.

Rough, v. t. 1. To render rough; to roughen.

2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb.

3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch.

Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars. -- To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.

Rough`cast" (?), v. t. 1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or polish. Dryden.

2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and inequalities.

3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to roughcast a building.

Rough"cast`, n. 1. A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.

2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. Shak.

Rough"cast`er (?), n. One who roughcasts.

Rough"draw` (?), v. t. To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.

Rough"dry` (?), v. t. in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.

Rough"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roughening.] [From Rough.] To make rough.

Rough"en, v. i. To grow or become rough.

Rough"-foot`ed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. [R.] Sherwood.

Rough"-grained (?), a. Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque.

Rough"head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The redfin.

Rough"hew` (?), v. t. 1. To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber.

2. To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape approximately and rudely; to roughcast.

There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew them how we will.

Shak.

Rough"hew`er (?), n. One who roughhews.

Rough"hewn` (?), a. 1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished.

2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. "A roughhewn seaman." Bacon.

Rough"ing-in` (?), n. The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying it.

Rough"ings (?), n. pl. Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]

Rough"ish, a. Somewhat rough.

Rough"leg` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard.

The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern Europe, with its darker American variety (Sancti- johannis). The latter is often nearly or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg (Archibuteo ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America.

Rough"-legged` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird.

rough-legged hawk. (Zoöl.) See Roughleg.

Rough"ly, adv. In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely.

Rough"ness, n. The quality or state of being rough.

Rough"rid`er (?), n. One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding master.

Rough"scuff (?), n. [Rough + scuff.] A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]

Rough"set`ter (?), n. A mason who builds rough stonework.

Rough"shod (?), a. Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod horse.

To ride roughshod, to pursue a course regardless of the pain or distress it may cause others.

Rough"strings` (?), n. pl. (Capr.) Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden stair for their support.

Rought (?), obs. imp. of Reach.

Rought, obs. imp. of Reck, to care. Chaucer.

Rough"tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family Uropeltidæ; -- so called from their rough tails.

Rough"work` (?), v. t. To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or finish. Moxon.

Rough"wrought` (?), a. Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.

Rouk (?), v. i. See 5th Ruck, and Roke. [Obs.]

||Rou`lade" (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A smoothly running passage of short ||notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon ||one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios.

||Rou`leau" (?), n.; pl. F. Rouleaux (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. Rouleaus (#). ||[F., a roll, dim. fr. fr. rôle, formerly also spelt roulle. See ||Roll.] A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something ||resembling such a roll.

Rou*lette" (?), n. [F., properly, a little wheel or ball. See Rouleau, Roll.] 1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. (b) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint.

3. (Geom.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and Epycycloid.

Rou"ly-pou`ly (?), n. See Rolly- pooly.

{ Roun, Rown (?) }, v. i. & t. [AS. r&?;nian, fr. r&?;n a rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper. See Rune.] To whisper. [obs.] Gower.

Another rouned to his fellow low.

Chaucer.

Rounce (rouns), n. [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a round, step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.) The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen.

Roun"ce*val (?), a. [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.] Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. [Obs.]

Roun"ce*val, n. A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat. [Obs.]

Roun"cy (?), n. A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.]

he rode upon a rouncy as he could.

Chaucer.

Round (?), v. i. & t. [From Roun.] To whisper. [obs.] Shak. Holland.

The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man,"
. . . he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore
brought ye me here?"

Calderwood.

Round, a. [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L. rotundus, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel, Rundlet.] 1. Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. "The big, round tears." Shak.

Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world.

Milton.

2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round.

3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round hills. "Their round haunches gored." Shak.

4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers.

Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than the fraction.

Arbuthnot.

5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price.

Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum.

Shak.

Round was their pace at first, but slackened soon.

Tennyson.

6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round note.

7. (Phonetics) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11.

8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; as, a round answer; a round oath. "The round assertion." M. Arnold.

Sir Toby, I must be round with you.

Shak.

9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their style. [Obs.]

In his satires Horace is quick, round, and pleasant.

Peacham.

10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct.

Round dealing is the honor of man's nature.

Bacon.

At a round rate, rapidly. Dryden. -- In round numbers, approximately in even units, tens, hundreds, etc.; as, a bin holding 99 or 101 bushels may be said to hold in round numbers 100 bushels. -- Round bodies (Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right cylinder. -- Round clam (Zoöl.), the quahog. -- Round dance one which is danced by couples with a whirling or revolving motion, as the waltz, polka, etc. -- Round game, a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his own account. -- Round hand, a style of penmanship in which the letters are formed in nearly an upright position, and each separately distinct; -- distinguished from running hand. -- Round robin. [Perhaps F. round round + ruban ribbon.] (a) A written petition, memorial, remonstrance, protest, etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so as not to indicate who signed first. "No round robins signed by the whole main deck of the Academy or the Porch." De Quincey. (b) (Zoöl.) The cigar fish. -- Round shot, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance. -- Round Table, the table about which sat King Arthur and his knights. See Knights of the Round Table, under Knight. -- Round tower, one of certain lofty circular stone towers, tapering from the base upward, and usually having a conical cap or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found chiefly in Ireland. They are of great antiquity, and vary in heigh from thirty-five to one hundred and thiry feet. -- Round trot, one in which the horse throws out his feet roundly; a full, brisk, quick trot. Addison. -- Round turn (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a timber, a belaying pin, etc. -- To bring up with a round turn, to stop abruptly. [Colloq.]

Syn. -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular; orbed; cylindrical; full; plump; rotund.

Round (?), n. 1. Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The golden round" [the crown]. Shak.

In labyrinth of many a round self- rolled.

Milton.

2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures.

3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle.

Women to cards may be compared: we play A round or two; which used,
we throw away.

Granville.

The feast was served; the bowl was crowned; To the king's pleasure
went the mirthful round.

Prior.

4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and then repeated.

the trivial round, the common task.

Keble.

5. A circular dance.

Come, knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round.

Milton.

6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of applause.

7. Rotation, as in office; succession. Holyday.

8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which joins and braces the legs of a chair.

All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise.

Dryden.

9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman.