Chapter C: A. Bristed (9)

Ruddy duck (Zoöl.), an American duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad bill and a wedge-shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The adult male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the cheeks. The female and young male are dull brown mixed with blackish on the back; grayish below. Called also dunbird, dundiver, ruddy diver, stifftail, spinetail, hardhead, sleepy duck, fool duck, spoonbill, etc. -- Ruddy plover (Zoöl.) the sanderling.

Rud"dy, v. t. To make ruddy. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Rude (?), a. [Compar. Ruder (?); superl. Rudest.] [F., fr. L. rudis.] 1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse.

Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had formed.

Milton.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; -- said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer.

Rude and unpolished stones.

Bp. Stillingfleet.

The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies.

Milton.

(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer.

He was but rude in the profession of arms.

Sir H. Wotton.

the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.

Gray.

(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; -- said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter.

[Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock.

Milton.

The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam.

Boyle.

(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war, conflict, and the like; as, the rude shock of armies. (e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature, language, style, and the like. "The rude Irish books." Spenser.

Rude am I in my speech.

Shak.

Unblemished by my rude translation.

Dryden.

Syn. -- Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment.

-- Rude"ly (#), adv. -- Rude"ness, n.

Ru"den*ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.) Cabling. See Cabling. gwilt.

Ru"de*ra*ry (?), a. [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis, stones crushed and mixed with lime, old rubbish.] Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] Bailey.

Rudes"by (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

Rü"des*heim`er (?), n. A German wine made near Rüdesheim, on the Rhine.

Ru"di*ment (?), n. [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.] 1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning.

but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments,
and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth.

Milton.

the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape.

I. Taylor.

2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.

This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of
many desperate studies.

Shak.

There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare.

Milton.

3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.

Ru"di*ment, v. t. To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.

Ru`di*men"tal (?), a. Rudimentary. Addison.

Ru`di*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. rudimentaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays.

2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.

Rud"ish (?), a. Somewhat rude. Foote.

Ru*dis"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.) An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite.

Ru"di*ty (?), n. [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude, illiterate.] Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]

Rud"mas*day (?), n. [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.

Ru*dolph"ine (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.

Rue (?), n. [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. &?;; cf. AS. r&?;de.] 1. (Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine.

Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much
to see.

Milton.

They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense,
sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called
herb of grace.

Jer. Taylor.

2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret.

Goat's rue. See under Goat. -- Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. -- Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta- muraria) common on walls in Europe.

Rue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] [OE. rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS. hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved, hrugð sorrow. √ 18. Cf. Ruth.] 1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer.

I wept to see, and rued it from my heart.

Chapmen.

Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues.

Milton.

2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me." Chaucer.

3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]

Rue, v. i. 1. To have compassion. [Obs.]

God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue.

Chaucer.

Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them.

Ridley.

2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.

Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue.

Chaucer.

Old year, we'll dearly rue for you.

Tennyson.

Rue, n. [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.] Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.

Rue"ful (?), a. 1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.

2. Expressing sorrow. "Rueful faces." Dryden.

Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks.

Sir W. Scott.

-- Rue"ful*ly, adv. -- Rue"ful*ness, n.

Ru"ell bone` (?). See rewel bone. [Obs.]

Ru*elle" (&?;), n. [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lan&?;, ruelle, fr. rue a street.] A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle. [Obs.] Dryden.

Ru*fes"cent (?), a. [L. rufescens, p. pr. of rufescere to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.] Reddish; tinged with red.

Ruff (?), n. [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card Playing) (a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares.

(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led.

Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing) To trump.

Ruff, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r&?;finn rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. √18. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle.] 1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.

Here to-morrow with his best ruff on.

Shak.

His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out
against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess
herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of
a ruff.

Howell.

2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name.

I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I
spread.

Pope.

3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.

How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been
taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the
victor's chariot!

L'Estrange.

4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]

To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff.

Latimer.

5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.

6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar.

7. (Zoöl.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.

8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.

Ruff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.] 1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser.

2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.

{ Ruff, Ruffe } (?), n. [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.) A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.

Ruffed (?), a. Furnished with a ruff.

Ruffed grouse (Zoöl.), a North American grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common in the wooded districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season. Called also tippet grouse, partridge, birch partridge, pheasant, drummer, and white-flesher. -- ruffed lemur (Zoöl.), a species of lemur (lemur varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color is varied with black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco.

Ruf"fian (? or ?; 277), n. [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.] 1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.]

he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home,
reveling with her ruffians.

Bp. Reynolds.

2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.

Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian?

Shak.

Ruf"fian, a. brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage.

Ruf"fian, v. i. To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] Shak.

Ruf"fian*age (?), n. Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave.

Ruf"fian*ish, a. Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.

Ruf"fian*like` (?), a. Ruffianly. Fulke.

Ruf"fian*ly, a. Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.

Ruf"fian*ous (?), a. Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman.

Ruf"fin (?), a. [See Ruffian.] Disordered. [Obs.]

His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood.

Spenser.

<! p. 1259 !>

Ruf"fle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling (?).] [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to wrinkle.] 1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.

2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt.

3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion.

The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid
bosom of the Nile.

I. Taylor.

She smoothed the ruffled seas.

Dryden.

4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.

[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume.

Tennyson.

5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.

These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.

Sir W. Hamilton.

But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled
all his heart.

Tennyson.

7. To throw into disorder or confusion.

Where best He might the ruffled foe infest.

Hudibras.

8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.]

I ruffled up falen leaves in heap.

Chapman

To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate.

Ruf"fle (?), v. i. [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. Rufflan.] 1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]

The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle.

Shak.

2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.

On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed,
and dances in the wind.

Dryden.

3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger.

They would ruffle with jurors.

Bacon.

Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery.

Sir W. Scott.

Ruf"fle, n. [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.] 1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.

2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle.

3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also ruff. H. L. Scott.

4. (Zoöl.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Oötheca.

Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. Halliwell.

Ruf"fle*less, a. Having no ruffle.

Ruf"fle*ment (?), n. The act of ruffling. [R.]

Ruf"fler (?), n. 1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.

Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of
rufflers.

Milton.

2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles.

Ru`fi*gal"lic (?), a. [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.

Ru`fi*o"pin (?), n. [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.) A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.

Ru"fol (?), n. [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.

Ru"fous (?), a. [L. rufus.] Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.

Ruft (?), n. (Med.) Eructation; belching. [Obs.]

Ruf"ter*hood (?), n. [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry) A kind of hood for a hawk.

Rug (?), n. [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy, probably akin to E. rough. See Rough, a.] 1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments.

They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . .
repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The
mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited
him.

Holinshed.

2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.

3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.

Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson.

Rug, v. t. To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

||Ru"ga (?), n.; pl. Rugæ (#). [L.] (Nat. Hist.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, ||the rugæ of the stomach.

Ru"gate (?), a. [L. rugatus, p. p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.] Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.

Rug"ged (?), a. [See Rug, n.] 1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road.

The rugged bark of some broad elm.

Milton.

2. Not neat or regular; uneven.

His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged.

Shak.

3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." Shak.

4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons.

Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and
unconcerned as ever.

South.

5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.

6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like.

Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line.

Dryden.

7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er your rugged looks." Shak.

8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc.

9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement.

-- Rug"ged*ly (#), adv. -- Rug"ged*ness, n.

Rug"ging (?), n. A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.

Rug"-gowned (?), a. Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. & Fl.

Rug"gy (?), a. Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.

Rug"-head`ed (?), a. Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]

Those rough rug-headed kerns.

Shak.

Rug"in (?), n. A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Ru"gine (?), n. [F.] (Surg.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.

Ru"gine, v. t. [F. ruginer to scrape.] To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.

||Ru*go"sa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.) An extinct tribe of ||fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large ||size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The ||radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See ||Cyathophylloid.

Ru*gose" (?), a. [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.] Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound.

Ru*gos"i*ty (?), n. [L. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.] The quality or state of being rugose.

Ru"gous (?), a. [Cf. F. rugueux.] Wrinkled; rugose.

Ru`gu*lose" (?), a. Somewhat rugose.

Ruhm"korff's coil` (?). [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.) See Induction coil, under Induction.

Ru"in (?), n. [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.] 1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds." Chapman.

2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray.

3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like.

The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous
ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The
place where once the very ruins lay.

Addison.

The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins
of an old and vicious character.

Buckminster.

4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin.

5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction.

The errors of young men are the ruin of business.

Bacon.

Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.

Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] [Cf. F. ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.] To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow.

this mortal house I'll ruin.

Shak.

By thee raised, I ruin all my foes.

Milton.

The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us.

Franklin.

By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in
the ashes.

Longfellow.

Ru"in, v. i. To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.]

Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin
like the moth's frail cell.

Sandys.

If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we
shall ruin the faster.

Locke.

Ru"in*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined.

Ru"in*ate (?), v. t. [LL. ruinatus, p. p. of ruinare to ruin. See Ruin.] 1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.

I will not ruinate my f&?;ther's house.

Shak.

Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies.

Burton.

2. To cause to fall; to cast down.

On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on
them to ruinate.

Spenser.

Ru"in*ate, v. i. To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]

Ru"in*ate (?), a. [L. ruinatus, p. p.] Involved in ruin; ruined.

My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all
ruinate.

J. Webster.

Ru`in*a"tion (?), n. [LL. ruinatio.] The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.

Ru"in*er (?), n. One who, or that which, ruins.

Ru"in*i*form (?), a. [Ruin + - form: cf. F. ruiniforme.] Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain minerals.

Ru"in*ous (?), a. [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.] 1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project.

After a night of storm so ruinous.

Milton.

2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.

3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.

Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap.

Isa. xvii. 1.

Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous.

-- Ru"in*ous*ly (#), adv. -- Ru"in*ous*ness, n.

Rukh (?), n. [Srr Roc.] 1. The roc.

2. (Zoöl.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]

Rul"a*ble (?), a. That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule. Bacon.

Rule (?), n. [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. régle, fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See Right, a., and cf. Regular.] 1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket.

We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most
exact rules for the government of our lives.

Tillotson.

2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things.

'T is against the rule of nature.

Shak.

(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.]

This uncivil rule; she shall know of it.

Shak.

3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control.

Obey them that have the rule over you.

Heb. xiii. 17.

His stern rule the groaning land obeyed.

Pope.

4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton.

5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root.

6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule.

7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly.

A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his
rule.

South.

8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing.

As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule. -- Board rule, Caliber rule, etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc. -- Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. -- Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). -- Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.

Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.

Rule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] [Cf. OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.] 1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer.

A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own
house, having his children in subjection.

1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.

2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.

I think she will be ruled In all respects by me.

Shak.

3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice.

That's are ruled case with the schoolmen.

Atterbury.

4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court.

5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book.

Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; -- called also a scroll.

Rule, v. i. 1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over.

By me princes rule, and nobles.

Prov. viii. 16.

We subdue and rule over all other creatures.

Ray.

2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier.

3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.

Rule"less, a. Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser.

Rule"-mon`ger (?), n. A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare.

<! p. 1260 !>

Rul"er (rl"r), n. 1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.

And he made him ruler over all the land.

Gen. xli. 43.

A prince and ruler of the land.

Shak.

2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a).

Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.

Rul"ing, a. 1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign.

2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen.

Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guiding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.

Rul"ing, n. 1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.

2. (Law) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence.

Rul"ing*ly, adv. In a ruling manner; so as to rule.

Rul"li*chies (rl"l*chz), n. pl. [Cf. D. rolletje a little roll.] Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. [Local, New York]

Rul"y (?), a. [From Rule.] Orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to unruly. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Rum (?), n. [probably shortened from Prov. E. rumbullion a great tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating liquor.] A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scummings of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor.

Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.

Rum, a. [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.] Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. [Slang] Dickens.

Rum, n. A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.] Swift.

Rum"ble (?), v. i. [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommelen, G. rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rymja to roar.] 1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance.

In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore.

Surrey.

The people cried and rombled up and down.

Chaucer.

2. To murmur; to ripple.

To rumble gently down with murmur soft.

Spenser.

Rum"ble, n. 1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.]

Delighting ever in rumble that is new.

Chaucer.

2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railroad train.

Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter.

Tennyson.

Merged in the rumble of awakening day.

H. James.

3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.

Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind.

Dickens.

4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or polished by friction against each other.

Rum"ble, v. t. To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n., 4.

Rum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, rumbles.

Rum"bling (?), a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.

Rum"bling*ly, adv. In a rumbling manner.

Rum"bo (?), n. Grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

Rum*bow"line (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Rombowline.

||Ru"men (?), n. [L. rumen, - inis, the throat.] 1. (Anat.) The first ||stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below.

2. The cud of a ruminant.

Ru"mi*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid.

Rumi*nal (?), a. [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.) Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]

Ru"mi*nant (?), a. [L. ruminans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F. ruminant. See Ruminate.] (Zoöl.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.

Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zoöl.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.

||Ru`mi*nan"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Artiodactyla ||having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, ||antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies.

The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth (s), where it is finally digested.

Ru"mi*nant*ly (?), adv. In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.

Ru"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ruminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruminating.] [L. ruminatus, p. p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr. rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr. &?;, AS. roccettan.] 1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth.

2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Cowper.

Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on
the felicity of heaven?

I. Taylor.

Ru"mi*nate (?), v. t. 1. To chew over again.

2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.

Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.

Dryden.

What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.

Shak.

{ Ru"mi*nate (?), Ru"mi*na`ted (?) }, a. (Bot.) Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw.

Ru`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.] 1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud.

Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a
great store of food, and afterward to chew it.

Arbuthnot.

2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.

Retiring full of rumination sad.

Thomson.

3. (Physiol.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man.

Ru"mi*na*tive (?), a. Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.

Ru"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.

Rum"kin (?), n. [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.] A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]

Rum"mage (?; 48), n. [For roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a making room, a packing away closely. See Room.] 1. (Naut.) A place or room for the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; -- formerly written romage. [Obs.]

2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning things over.

He has made such a general rummage and reform in the office of
matrimony.

Walpole.

Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a public store, or of odds and ends which have accumulated in a shop. Simmonds.

Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rummaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rummaging (?).] 1. (Naut.) To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow closely; to pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. [Obs.]

They might bring away a great deal more than they do, if they would
take pain in the romaging.

Hakluyt.

2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, carefully, turning over leaf after leaf.

He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so
rummageth all his closets and trunks.

Howell.

What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek dictionary in vain
for a satisfactory account!

M. Arnold.

Rum"mage, v. i. To search a place narrowly.

I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain and Duck
Lane.

Swift.

[His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . . . . .
rummaged like a rat.

Tennyson.

Rum"ma*ger (?), n. 1. One who rummages.

2. (Naut.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.]

The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to
range and bestow all merchandise.

Hakluyt.

Rum"mer (&?;), n. [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.] A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] J. Philips.

Rum"my (?), a. Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor.

Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies (&?;). One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]

Rum"my, a. [See Rum, a.] Strange; odd. [Slang]

Rum"ney (?), n. A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.]

Ru"mor (?), n. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.] 1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety.

This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout
all the region round about.

Luke vii. 17.

Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight.

Shak.

2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified.

Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled.

Milton.

3. A prolonged, indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.

Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rumored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.] To report by rumor; to tell.

'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel.

Dryden.

Ru"mor*er (?), n. A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false reports. Shak.

Ru"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.] 1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale.

3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton.

Rump (?), n. [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.] 1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttocks.

2. Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef.

3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant.

Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659.

The Rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump,
and by this army of saints Cromwell governed.

Swift.

-- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.

Rump"er (?), n. A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. I. Disraeli.

Rump"-fed (?), a. A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon."

Rum"ple (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling (&?;).] [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough, uneven, G. rümpfen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos the crooked beak of birds of prey, &?; to roam.] To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple an apron or a cravat.

They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged
Scotch paper for twenty of your fairest assignats.

Burke.

Rum"ple, n. A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.

Rum"pled (?), a. Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.

Rump"less (?), a. Destitute of a rump.

Rum"ply (?), a. Rumpled. Carlyle.

Rum"pus (?), n. A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]

Rum"sell`er (?), n. One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.

Run (?), v. i. [imp. Ran (?) or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.] [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, rennen, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, Dan. rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. &?; to stir up, rouse, Skr. &?; (cf. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook (cf. Rival). &radic;11. Cf. Ember, a., Rennet.] 1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: --

2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.

"Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran.

Chaucer.

(b) To flee, as from fear or danger.

As from a bear a man would run for life.

Shak.

(c) To steal off; to depart secretly.

My conscience will serve me to run from this jew.

Shak.

(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress.

Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one
receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain.

1 Cor. ix. 24.

(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt.

Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with
grief and run distracted?

Addison.

(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as, to run from one subject to another.

Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts
foreign to his subject.

Addison.

(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; -- with on. (j) To creep, as serpents.

3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.

The fire ran along upon the ground.

Ex. ix. 23.

(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.

As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run.

Addison.

Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.

Woodward.

(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary.

She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and
glaring in his son.

Pope.

(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.

As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of
our lives that it ran much faster.

Addison.

(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week.

When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good
circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on
the bad ones.

Swift.

(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west.

Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it.

Locke.

Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason.

Shak.

(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.

The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king."

Bp. Sanderson.

(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received.

Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in
Rome.

Sir W. Temple.

Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself.

Knolles.

<! p. 1261 !>

(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly.

If the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves.

Mortimer.

(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.

A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.

Bacon.

Temperate climates run into moderate governments.

Swift.

(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing.

In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but
near the borders they run into one another.

I. Watts.

(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain covenants run with the land.

Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but
once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as
goods, and must be yearly paid.

Sir J. Child.

(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.

4. Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion).

5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic competition.

As things run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. -- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out at Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals . . . run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will soon run out.

And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run
out.

Dryden.

-- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast.

But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into
great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.

Sir W. Scott.

-- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.

Run (&?;), v. t. 1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.

2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.

To run the world back to its first original.

South.

I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to
its "punctum saliens."

Collier.

3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot.

You run your head into the lion's mouth.

Sir W. Scott.

Having run his fingers through his hair.

Dickens.

4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.

They ran the ship aground.

Acts xxvii. 41.

A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by
blabbing out his own or other's secrets.

Ray.

Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy
into metaphysical notions.

Locke.

5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the like.

The purest gold must be run and washed.

Felton.

6. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to run a line.

7. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- said of contraband or dutiable goods.

Heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods.

Swift.

8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a certain career.

9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]

10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of losing one's life. See To run the chances, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon.

11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.

He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his
fortune with them.

Clarendon.

12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water.

At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood,
great Cæsar fell.

Shak.

13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the rivers ran blood.

14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]

15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]

16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.

17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn.

To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. -- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as, to run down a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "Religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. - - To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice." Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account. (c) To erect hastily, as a building.