Chapter I: Part I: From the Earliest Times to the Russian Occupation

CHAP. PAGE

I. EARLIEST TIMES TO THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER 3

II. BACTRIANS AND PARTHIANS 10

III. THE HUNS AND THE YUÉ-CHI 14

IV. THE SĀSĀNIDES, THE EPHTHALITES, AND THE TURKS 22

V. THE RISE OF ISLAM AND INVASIONS OF THE ARABS 34

VI. THE FIRST EASTERN CAMPAIGNS OF KUTAYBA IBN MUSLIM 45

VII. KUTAYBA’S LAST CAMPAIGNS 56

VIII. KUTAYBA’S FALL AND DEATH 63

IX. KUTAYBA’S SUCCESSORS 67

X. NASR IBN SAYYĀR AND ABŪ MUSLIM 77

XI. KHORĀSĀN UNDER THE FIRST ABBĀSIDS 84

XII. THE CALIPHATES OF EL-MANSŪR, EL-HĀDI, AND HĀRŪN ER-RASHĪD 90

XIII. DECLINE OF THE CALIPHS’ AUTHORITY IN KHORĀSĀN. THE
TĀHIRIDES 98

XIV. THE SAFFĀRIDES AND THE RISE OF THE SĀMĀNIDES 103

XV. THE SĀMĀNIDES 109

XVI. THE KARA-KHĀNIDES, OR UÏGHŪRS 114

XVII. THE GHAZNAVIDES AND THE RISE OF THE SELJŪKS 123

XVIII. THE SELJŪKS 129

XIX. SULTAN SANJAR AND THE KARA-KHITĀYS 136

XX. THE KHWĀRAZM-SHĀHS 144

XXI. CHINGIZ KHĀN 149

XXII. MONGOL INVASION OF CENTRAL ASIA 155

XXIII. THE LINE OF CHAGHATĀY 160

XXIV. TĪMŪR, THE GREAT AMĪR 165

XXV. THE SUCCESSORS OF TĪMŪR 173

XXVI. THE SHAYBĀNIDES 182

XXVII. THE HOUSE OF ASTRAKHAN 194

XXVIII. THE HOUSE OF MANGIT 204

XXIX. AMĪR NASRULLAH, A BOKHĀRAN NERO 211

PART II

RUSSIA IN CENTRAL ASIA

I. THE MAKING OF RUSSIA 225

II. CROSSING THE THRESHOLD OF ASIA 238

III. THE STRUGGLE WITH THE KHĀNATES 250

IV. TURKOMANIA AND THE TURKOMANS 262

V. THE LAST STEP IN ADVANCE 284

VI. THE CENTRAL ASIAN RAILWAYS 306

VII. TRANSCASPIA IN 1898 320

VIII. ASKABAD AND MERV 340

IX. BOKHĀRĀ, A PROTECTED NATIVE STATE 357

X. SAMARKAND 386

XI. FRIENDS OR FOES? 408

APPENDIX I 417