Chapter C: Exposition. C. 170–226

I. Kind.

1. Subject.

_a._ Scientific or technical.

_b._ Popular.

2. Treatment.

_a._ Scientific or technical.

_b._ Popular.

II. Form. C. 170; 194–207.

III. Purpose. C. 170–171.

IV. Methods for Term. C. 172.

1. Definition. C. 172–174.

_a._ Logical definition. C. 174–178.

(1) Complete logical definition.

(2) Incomplete logical definition. C. 182.

_b._ Incomplete definition. C. 178–186.

(1) Repetition (synonyms). C. 179.

(2) Exclusion (what not).

(3) Comparison. C. 180–182.

(4) Contrast. C. 180–182.

(5) Example. C. 179.

(6) Logical description (particulars and details). C. 185–186.

2. Division. C. 186–191.

_a._ Classification. C. 187–190.

_b._ Partition. C. 190–191.

V. Methods for Proposition. C. 191–194.

1. Exposition of terms (cf. Methods for term).

2. Repetition.

3. Obverse.

4. Example.

5. Analogy.

XII
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. The Teaching of English

A bibliography of some thirty pages consisting of all the important books, pamphlets, and magazine articles published before 1903, that treat of the different phases of English work in elementary and secondary schools is appended to Carpenter, Baker, and Scott’s “The Teaching of English”, and will be of great assistance to those who desire material on any part of the work since the references are classified under such heads as, rhetoric and composition, literature, grammar, spelling, college entrance requirements, etc. The volumes of the educational periodicals such as “Education”, “Educational Review”, “School Review”, etc., that have appeared since 1903, also contain many articles on English work. The following are the most important books on the teaching of English in the high school:

Carpenter, G. R., Baker, F. T., and Scott, F. N. The Teaching of
English, Longmans, Green and Co., New York, 1903. ($1.50). The best
discussion of every phase of English work in elementary and
secondary schools, with excellent bibliographies.

Chubb, Percival. The Teaching of English, Macmillan, New York, 1902.
($1.00). A valuable discussion of the aims, ideals, and methods in
teaching English in elementary and secondary schools.

Hinsdale, B. A. Teaching the Language-Arts: Speech, Reading,
Composition. Appleton, New York, 1896. ($1.00). A comprehensive
treatment of all the elements in the study of language.

Laurie, S. S. Lectures on Language and Linguistic Method in the
School. 2d edition, revised. Macmillan, New York, 1893. ($1.00). An
excellent presentation of the value, the purposes, and the methods
of language study.

Report of Committee on Secondary School Studies (The Committee of Ten)
U. S. Bureau of Education, Washington, 1893. This report has been
the basis of most of the present courses in English for secondary
schools.

Other books bearing more or less directly on the teaching of parts of the English work are:

Bates, Arlo. Talks on Teaching Literature. Houghton, Mifflin Co.
($1.50). Practical methods are given for teaching literature in the
high school.

Bates, Arlo. Talks on the Study of Literature. Houghton, Mifflin Co.
($1.50).

Bates, Arlo. Talks on Writing English. First and Second Series.
Houghton, Mifflin Co. ($1.50 a vol.).

Corson, H. Aims of Literary Study. Macmillan. ($.75).

Corson, H. Voice and Spiritual Education. Macmillan. ($.75).

Copeland and Rideout. Freshman English and Theme Correction at Harvard
College. Silver, Burdett & Co. ($1.00). Some of the suggestions for
theme writing and theme correcting can be adapted to high school
composition.

Palmer, G. H. Self-cultivation in English. Crowell. ($.35).

2. Literature

The following list contains the standard histories of English and American literature, the biographical and critical works on some of the writers to whom especially attention is generally given, and volumes on the history and development of the various types of literature.

Brooke, Stopford. English Literature to the Norman Conquest.
Macmillan. ($1.50). A review of Anglo-Saxon literature with
translations of many Anglo-Saxon poems.

Cook, A. S. and Tinker, C. Translations of Old English Poetry. Ginn.
($1.00). Translations of parts of Beowulf and of all the important
Anglo-Saxon poems.

Schofield, W. H. English Literature from the Norman Conquest to
Chaucer. Macmillan. ($1.50).

Saintsbury, G. History of Elizabethan Literature. (1557–1660).
Macmillan. ($1.50).

Gosse, E. Eighteenth Century Literature. (1660–1780). Macmillan.
($1.50).

Saintsbury, G. History of Nineteenth Century Literature. (1780–1895).
Macmillan. ($1.50).

Ward, H. English Poets, 4 vols. Macmillan. (Students’ edition $4.00).
Brief biographies, good criticisms, and representative selections of
all the English poets from Chaucer to Tennyson.

Bronson, W. C. History of American Literature. Heath. ($.90). A good
handbook for American literature.

Wendell, B. and Greenough, C. N. History of Literature in America.
Scribner. ($1.40.) A good short history of American literature.

Pollard, A. W. Chaucer Primer. Macmillan. ($.35). A convenient little
handbook on Chaucer’s life and work.

Sweet, H. Second Middle English Primer. Oxford Univ. Press. ($.50). A
very good handbook for the pronunciation of Chaucer with a phonetic
transcription of the Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.

Dowden, E. Shakespeare Primer. American Book Co. ($.35). A very useful
little manual of Shakespearean criticism.

Lee, Sidney. Life of Shakespeare. Macmillan. ($1.75). An invaluable
critical analysis of all biographical material relating to
Shakespeare.

Moulton, R. G. Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist. Oxford Univ. Press.
($1.90). A detailed consideration of the motives, plots, and
characters of a number of Shakespeare’s plays.

Symonds, J. A. Shakespeare’s Predecessors in the English Drama.
Scribner. ($2.00). An excellent account of the origin and the
development of the English drama.

Baker, G. P. The Development of Shakespeare as a Dramatist. Macmillan.
($1.75). A discussion of the Elizabethan stage, the public, and
other conditions in relation to the development of Shakespeare’s
dramatic art.

Freytag, G. The Technique of the Drama. Scott, Foresman & Co.,
Chicago. ($1.50). A comparative study of drama as a literary form
with considerable discussion of the plays of Shakespeare.

Raleigh, W. History of the English Novel. Scribner. ($1.25). An
interesting account of the development of the English novel to
Scott.

Cross, W. L. The Development of the English Novel. Macmillan. ($1.50.)
A history of English fiction from the Arthurian romance to
Stevenson.

Perry, Bliss. A Study of Prose Fiction. Houghton, Mifflin Co. ($1.25).
A suggestive discussion of plot, characters, setting and other
elements in the novel and short story, with suggestions for original
work in construction and analysis.

Alden, R. M. Specimens of English verse. Holt. ($1.25). A practical
handbook of poetics with numerous selections.

Gayley, C. M. Classic Myths in English Literature. Ginn. ($1.50). An
excellent collection of Greek, Roman, Norse, and German mythological
stories.

3. Language and Grammar

Sweet, H. New English Grammar; Vol. I., Phonology and Accidence.
($2.60). Vol. II. Syntax. ($.90). Oxford Univ. Press. The most
complete logical and historical grammar.

Emerson, O. F. History of the English Language. Macmillan. ($1.25).

Greenough and Kittredge. Words and their Ways in English Speech.
Macmillan. ($1.10). An interesting popular account of the origin and
development of language and of changes in the meaning of words.

Trench, R. C. The Study of Words. Armstrong, N. Y. ($1.00). An
excellent introduction to the study of the development of the
meaning of words.

4. Rhetoric and Composition

Bain, A. English Composition and Rhetoric. 2 vols. American Book Co.
($1.20 a vol.). A discussion, with numerous illustrations, of all
the elements and qualities of style in prose and poetry.

Brewster, W. T. Studies in Structure and Style. Macmillan. ($1.10). An
analysis of the structure and style of seven modern English essays.

Cairns, W. B. Forms of Discourse. Ginn. ($1.15). A consideration of
the various forms of narration, description, exposition,
argumentation, and persuasion.

Genung, J. F. Working Principles of Rhetoric. Ginn. ($1.40). A
comprehensive discussion of rhetorical principles.

Minto, W. Manual of English Prose Literature. Ginn. ($1.50). A
detailed analysis of the styles of Macaulay, De Quincey, and
Carlyle, with briefer discussions of the style of all English prose
writers to the beginning of the nineteenth century.

Scott, F. N. and Denney, J. V. Paragraph-Writing. Allyn and Bacon.
($1.00.) An interesting discussion of paragraph structure with many
examples.

Wendell, Barrett. English Composition. Scribner. ($1.50). A suggestive
explanation of the principles of unity, coherence, and mass or
emphasis.

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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. 2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.