Chapter VII: Manners and Customs of Babylonia-Assyria 460

War methods, 460. Our sources, 461. Assyrian war costumes and
war methods, 468. The arts of peace in Babylonia-Assyria,
472. Babylon and its customs described by an eye-witness,
473. A later classical account of Babylon, 479. The commerce
of the Babylonians, 484. Ships among the Assyrians, 491.
Laws of the Babylonians and Assyrians, 494. Sale of a slave,
496. Sale of a house, 497. The code of Khammurabi, 498. The
discovery of the code, 498. Miscellaneous regulations, 501.
Regulations concerning slaves, 502. Provisions concerning
robbery, 502. Concerning leases and tillage, 503. Concerning
canals, 504. Commerce, debt, 504. Domestic legislation,
divorce, inheritance, 505. Laws concerning adoption, 509. Laws
of recompense, 509. Regulations concerning physicians and
veterinary surgeons, 510. Illegal branding of slaves, 510.
Regulations concerning builders, 511. Regulations concerning
shipping, 511. Regulations concerning the hiring of animals,
farming, wages, etc., 511. Regulations concerning the buying of
slaves, 513.

CHAPTER VIII

THE RELIGION OF THE BABYLONIANS AND ASSYRIANS 515

The Assyrian story of the creation, 520. The Babylonian
religion, 521. The epic of Gilgamish, 525. Ishtar’s descent
into Hades, 530.

CHAPTER IX

BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN CULTURE 534

Literature and science, 536. Epistolary literature, 539. Art,
543. Assyrian art, 552. Assyrian sculpture and the evolution
of art, 558. A classical estimate of Chaldean philosophy and
astrology, 563. The Babylonian year, 565. The Babylonian day
and its division into hours, 566. Assyrian science, 567.

APPENDIX A

CLASSICAL TRADITIONS 571

The Creation and the Flood, described by Polyhistor, 573.
Other classical fragments: of the Chaldean kings, 575. Of the
Chaldean kings and the deluge, 576. Of the tower of Babel, 577.
Of Abraham, 577. Of Nabonassar, 577. Of the destruction of the
Jewish Temple, 577. Of Nebuchadrezzar, 577. Of the Chaldean
kings after Nebuchadrezzar, 578. Of the feast of Sacea, 579.
A fragment of Megasthenes concerning Nebuchadrezzar, 579.
Ninus and Semiramis, 580. Semiramis builds a great city, 584.
Semiramis begins a career of conquest, 588. Semiramis invades
India, 589. Another view of Semiramis, 593. Reign of Ninyas to
Sardanapalus, 594. The destruction of Nineveh, 598.

APPENDIX B

EXCAVATIONS IN MESOPOTAMIA AND THEIR RESULTS 600

The ruins of Nineveh and M. Botta’s first discovery, 600.
Layard’s discoveries at Nineveh, 604. Later discoveries in
Babylonia and Assyria, 610. The results of the excavations,
612. Treasures from Nineveh, 613. The library of a king of
Nineveh, 618. How the Assyrian books were read, 623.

BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS 627

A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MESOPOTAMIAN HISTORY 629