Chapter I: Front Matter

Transcriber’s Note: As a result of editorial shortcomings in the original, some reference letters in the text don’t have matching entries in the reference-lists, and vice versa.

THE HISTORIANS’ HISTORY OF THE WORLD

THE HISTORIANS’
HISTORY
OF THE WORLD

A comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations
as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:
edited, with the assistance of a distinguished board of advisers
and contributors, by

HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, LL.D.

IN TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES

VOLUME XI--FRANCE, 843-1715

The Outlook Company
New York

The History Association
London

1905

COPYRIGHT, 1904,
BY HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.

_All rights reserved._

Press of J. J. Little & Co.
New York, U. S. A.

Contributors, and Editorial Revisers.

Prof. Adolf Erman, University of Berlin.
Prof. Joseph Halévy, College of France.
Prof. Thomas K. Cheyne, Oxford University.
Prof. Andrew C. McLaughlin, University of Michigan.
Prof. David H. Müller, University of Vienna.
Prof. Alfred Rambaud, University of Paris.
Capt. F. Brinkley, Tokio.

Prof. Eduard Meyer, University of Berlin.
Dr. James T. Shotwell, Columbia University.
Prof. Theodor Nöldeke, University of Strasburg.
Prof. Albert B. Hart, Harvard University.
Dr. Paul Brönnle, Royal Asiatic Society.
Dr. James Gairdner, C.B., London.

Prof. Ulrich von Wilamowitz Möllendorff, University of Berlin.
Prof. H. Marczali, University of Budapest.
Dr. G. W. Botsford, Columbia University.
Prof. Julius Wellhausen, University of Göttingen.
Prof. Franz R. von Krones, University of Graz.
Prof. Wilhelm Soltau, Zabern University.

Prof. R. W. Rogers, Drew Theological Seminary.
Prof. A. Vambéry, University of Budapest.
Prof. Otto Hirschfeld, University of Berlin.
Dr. Frederick Robertson Jones, Bryn Mawr College.
Baron Bernardo di San Severino Quaranta, London.
Dr. John P. Peters, New York.

Prof. Adolph Harnack, University of Berlin.
Dr. S. Rappoport, School of Oriental Languages, Paris.
Prof. Hermann Diels, University of Berlin.
Prof. C. W. C. Oman, Oxford University.
Prof. W. L. Fleming, University of West Virginia.
Prof. I. Goldziher, University of Vienna.
Prof. R. Koser, University of Berlin.

CONTENTS

VOLUME XI

FRANCE

PAGE

CHAPTER I

THE LATER CARLOVINGIANS (843-987 A.D.) 1

Charles the Bald, 1. The Northmen, 2. Edict of Mersen, 3. The
Northmen’s allies, 4. Beginning of the great fiefs, 5. Edicts
of Pistes and Quierzy, 6. Louis II to Carloman, 7. Charles the
Fat, king and emperor, 8. The feudal régime, 10. The church,
13. Capetians and Carlovingians, 14. The last Carlovingians, 17.

CHAPTER II

THE FOUNDATION OF THE CAPETIAN DYNASTY (987-1180 A.D.) 22

Henry I, 24. Deeds of the great barons, 26. Philip I, 27. Louis
the Fat and Louis the Young, 30. Battle of Brenneville, 31. The
abbot Suger, 34. Emancipatory movements after the Crusades,
38. The communes, 38. Philosophy and thought; Abelard and St.
Bernard, 40. Abelard and the university, 44. The position of
woman, 45.

CHAPTER III

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY (1180-1270 A.D.) 47

Prince Arthur of Brittany, 49. The Albigensian Crusade, 51.
League against Philip Augustus, 54. The battle of Bouvines,
54. Last years and influence of Philip Augustus, 56. Louis
VIII, 56. Louis IX, called St. Louis, 58. First Crusade of St.
Louis, 60. Last years and death of St. Louis, 61. Hallam’s
estimate of St. Louis, 63. Piety and christianity of St. Louis,
64. Progress of the monarchy under St. Louis, 67. Aspects of
thirteenth-century civilisation, 71.

CHAPTER IV

PHILIP III TO THE HOUSE OF VALOIS (1270-1328 A.D.) 74

Philip (III) the Bold, 74. Philip (IV) the Fair, 75. New war
with Flanders, 76. The quarrel between Philip and Boniface
VIII, 77. Sentence of the Templars, 83. Philip’s fiscal policy,
84. Execution of Jacques de Molay, 85. Political progress in
Philip’s reign, 87. Louis (X) the Quarrelsome, 89. Philip
(V) the Tall, 91. Charles (IV) the Fair, 92. Aspects of
civilisation, 93. The great fairs, 95.

CHAPTER V

THE OPENING OF THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR (1328-1350 A.D.) 98

Edward III claims the throne of France, 103. The battle
of Sluys or L’Écluse, 104. The war in Brittany, 107. Joan
de Montfort defends Hennebon, 108. Philip’s financial
difficulties, 110. Renewal of the war with England, 111. Edward
returns to France, 112. Froissart’s description of Crécy, 114.
Michelet on the results of Crécy, 118. The siege of Calais,
119. Suspension of the war, 121. Territorial acquisition, 122.

CHAPTER VI

JOHN THE GOOD AND CHARLES THE WISE (1350-1380 A.D.) 124

Trouble with Charles of Navarre, 126. The states-general of
1355, 128. The battle of Poitiers, 130. The states-general of
1356-1357, 132. The dauphin repudiates the _Grande Ordonnance_,
134. The Jacquerie, 135. Death of Marcel, 137. Peace
negotiations; Edward in France, 138. The story of Le Grand
Ferré, 139. The Treaty of Bretigny, 141. The last years of King
John, 142. Charles the Wise, 143. Early exploits of Bertrand du
Guesclin, 144. End of the Breton War; battle of Auray, 146. Du
Guesclin leads the free companies into Castile, 147. The Peace
of Bretigny is broken, 149. The English invasion, 150. Last
years of Charles V and of Du Guesclin, 152.

CHAPTER VII

THE BETRAYAL OF THE KINGDOM (1380-1422 A.D.) 155

War in Flanders; battle of Roosebeke, 156. Insurrections in
Paris and Rouen, 157. The King assumes the rule, 159. Hatred
of the nobles for the ministry, 162. The king goes mad: the
princes return to power, 163. Domestic troubles and scandals,
165. Civil war, 167. Henry V invades France; a French view,
169. Michelet’s account of the battle of Agincourt, 170.
Massacre of the Armagnacs in Paris, 174. The duke of Burgundy
master of Paris, 175. Siege of Rouen, 176. Henry and John the
Fearless, 177. The Treaty of Troyes, 178. Henry’s struggle with
the dauphin, 180. Woes of the people; the _Danse Macabre_, 182.
The University of Paris and the council of Constance, 184.

CHAPTER VIII

THE RESCUE OF THE REALM (1422-1431 A.D.) 187

Monstrelet describes the siege of Montargis, 189. The siege
of Orleans, 190. The “battle of the Herrings,” 191. The Maid
of Orleans (La Pucelle), 194. Joan at the court, 196. The
deliverance of Orleans, 198. Joan of Arc leads the king to
Rheims, 200. Joan defeated at Paris, 203. Capture of Joan of
Arc, 204. Trial of Joan of Arc, 206. The Twelve Articles,
207. The findings of the faculty, 211. The sentence and its
execution, 213. The rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, 218. The
British estimate of Joan’s services, 219.

CHAPTER IX

“THE CONVALESCENCE OF FRANCE” (1431-1461 A.D.) 220

The Treaty of Arras, 222. The French return to Paris, 224. The
Pragmatic Sanction, 225. The atrocious crimes of the barons,
226. Gilles de Retz, 226. Charles begins the work of reform,
228. Agnes Sorel; the Praguerie, 230. Effective progress
against England, 233. Expedition to Switzerland and Lorraine,
235. The battle of Sankt Jakob, 236. Military and financial
reforms, 236. The close of the Hundred Years’ War, 238. The
battle of Castillon, 239. The last years of Charles VII, 242.
Quarrels with Burgundy and with the dauphin, 242. Death of
Charles VII; the influence of his reign, 244.

CHAPTER X

THE REIGN OF LOUIS XI: THE TRIUMPH OF THE CROWN (1461-1483 A.D.) 247

Relations with the Church, 249. The war of the Public Weal,
250. The battle of Montlhéry and the Treaty of Conflans, 250.
Political intrigues, 253. The struggle with Charles the Bold,
254. Comines describes the visit to Péronne, 255. The storming
of Liège, 259. The return of Louis to France, 262. Edward IV
of England aids Charles the Bold, 263. Gold and diplomacy make
Louis the victor, 265. Last deeds of Charles the Bold, 266.
Mary of Burgundy, 268. War with Maximilian, 270. Last years
and death of Louis, 272. Martin’s estimate of Louis XI, 274.
Louis’ influence on civilisation, 275. Establishment of posts
in France, 275.

CHAPTER XI

CHARLES VIII AND LOUIS XII--THE INVASION OF ITALY (1483-1515 A.D.) 278

Charles VIII, 278. The rule of Anne de Beaujeu, 279. The
struggle with the duke of Orleans, 284. Charles VIII in Italy,
288. Death of Charles VIII, 293. Louis XII, “the father of his
people,” 293. Marriage with Anne of Brittany, 295. Foreign
affairs, 297. Internal affairs, 302. Last years of Louis XII,
304.