Chapter XIII: Catherine De Medici and the Religious Wars (1559-1589 A.d.) 351

Francis II, 352. Religious parties, 353. Death of Francis II,
355. The accession of Charles IX, 356. Civil war, 357. The
Edict of Amboise and its results, 359. The Second Religious
War, 361. The Third Religious War, 362. Admiral Coligny; the
Peace of St. Germain, 364. A troubled peace; the marriage of
Henry of Navarre, 365. The attack on Coligny, 368. Preparing
for the massacre, 370. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 374.
Effects of the massacre, 376. Last years, death, and character
of Charles IX, 378. The accession of Henry III, 380. Political
conditions, 381. The Holy League, 383. The war of the Three
Henrys, 384. The battle of Coutras, 386. The Day of the
Barricades and the Treaty of Union, 388. The meeting of the
states-general, 388. The assassination of Henry, duke of Guise,
390. Death of Catherine de Medici, 392. The siege of Paris and
the death of Henry III, 392.

CHAPTER XIV

HENRY OF NAVARRE, FIRST OF THE BOURBONS (1589-1610 A.D.) 395

Henry’s struggle for the crown, 395. The battle of Ivry, 397.
The duke of Parma and the Spaniards, 400. Henry IV and the
league, 401. Opposition of the pope and Philip II, 404. The
Edict of Nantes, 405. Reorganisation of France with the aid
of Sully, 407. Amours and second marriage of Henry IV, 409.
Intrigues of De Biron, 412. The last years of Henry’s reign,
414. Grand design of Henry IV; his death, 415. Character and
policy of Henry IV, 417. Martin’s estimate of Henry IV, 418.
Stephen’s characterisation of Henry IV and his times, 419.

CHAPTER XV

THE LITERARY PROGRESS OF FRANCE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 422

Calvin, 426. Montaigne, 427.

CHAPTER XVI

THE EARLY YEARS OF LOUIS XIII AND THE RISE OF RICHELIEU
(1610-1628 A.D.) 432

The regency of Marie de Medici, 432. Disgrace of Sully,
434. First revolt of the lords, 434. Last assembly of the
states-general, 436. Majority of Louis XIII; marriage with
Anne of Austria, 438. Richelieu appears, 438. Assassination of
Marshal d’Ancre, 441. The ministry of Luynes, 443. The Huguenot
uprising; the siege of Montauban, 445. Death of Luynes,
448. Richelieu’s return to the ministry, 449. Conspiracy of
the court against Richelieu, 450. The siege of La Rochelle
described by Seignobos, 452.

CHAPTER XVII

THE DICTATORSHIP OF RICHELIEU (1629-1643 A.D.) 457

Richelieu and the king, 458. Richelieu enters the European
arena, 460. Enmity of Marie de’ Medici against Richelieu, 462.
The Day of Dupes, 462. Exile of Marie de’ Medici, 464. The
revolt of Gaston and the execution of Montmorency, 465. Foreign
affairs, 466. Wars with Austria, 468. Attempt to assassinate
the cardinal, 469. Character of Louis, 470. Revolt of the count
de Soissons, 472. Caillet’s estimate of the administration
of Richelieu, 472. The church and the state under Richelieu,
475. The conspiracy of Cinq-Mars, 478. Recovery and triumph
of Richelieu, 480. The last days of Richelieu, 482. Stephen’s
estimate of Louis XIII and of Richelieu, 484.

CHAPTER XVIII

THE SUPREMACY OF MAZARIN (1643-1661 A.D.) 487

Battle of Rocroi, 489. The _importants_, 491. The education of
the young king, 493. Military glory, 494. Treaty of Westphalia,
496. Mazarin’s domestic policy, 497. First insurrection of the
Fronde, 499. The Day of the Barricades, 500. Second act of the
Fronde; arrest of Condé, 505. Resistance of Bordeaux, 506.
Disgrace and exile of Mazarin, 507. Condé in power, 508. Return
of Mazarin, 509. The last phase of the Fronde, 511. Battle of
St. Antoine, 513. Second exile of Mazarin, 513. Mazarin again
in power, 515. War with Spain continues, 516. Alliance with
Cromwell; war in Flanders, 517. The Treaty of the Pyrenees,
520. Last years and death of Mazarin, 522.

CHAPTER XIX

“_L’ÉTAT, C’EST MOI_” (1661-1715 A.D.) 525

The ministers, 528. The man with the Iron Mask, 531. The
ministry of Colbert, 531. Reorganisation of the finances, 532.
Michelet’s estimate of Colbert, 535. Louvois, 538. Vauban,
539. Séguier, legislative works, 540. Lionne, foreign affairs
and diplomacy, 541. Triumph of the absolute monarchy, 541.
Submission of Parliament, 542. Submission of the nobility,
543. The third estate, 543. Louis XIV and the church, 544.
The Protestants, 545. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 546.
The Jansenists, 548. The police, 549. The court of the grand
monarch, 550. Mademoiselle de la Vallière, 551. Madame de
Montespan, 555. Poisoning: the Brinvilliers case, 556. The
retirement of Montespan, 558. Madame de Maintenon, 559. Effect
of Louis XIV’s policy on the nation, 561.

CHAPTER XX

LOUIS XIV, SPAIN, AND HOLLAND (1661-1679 A.D.) 563

The war of the Queen’s Rights, 566. The Triple Alliance, 569.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 570. Projects against Holland, 571.
The Treaty of Dover; death of Madame, 572. Treaties with other
powers, 573. The war with Holland begins, 574. The passage of
the Rhine, 575. The French in Holland and Germany, 576. The
new coalition against France, 577. Defection of England and
the imperial allies, 581. Operations in Franche-Comté; Turenne
in Alsace, 581. Condé in the Netherlands, 584. Last campaigns
of Turenne and Condé, 584. Events of 1676; affairs in Sicily,
585. Campaign of 1677; negotiations for peace, 587. Louis XIV
settles with the coalition, 589.